Korolevich is the hero of a heroic story in Russian folklore. Bova the Prince - Russian folk tales

THE TALE OF BODY QUEEN

TALES ABOUT THE BRAVE VITEZ, ABOUT BOVA KARALEVICH

In no kingdom, in a great state, in a glorious city in Anton, lived the glorious king Vidon. And in the glorious city of Idementiana he visited the daughter of the glorious king Kirbit Verzaulovich, the beautiful princess Militrisa. And he called to himself his beloved servant named Licharda and began to say: “Oh, thou servant of Licharda! Serve me with faith and truth, go to the city of Dementiyan ... to serve as an ambassador, and from me a matchmaker.” And Licharda’s servant did not disobey his sovereign, he accepted the letter and hit him with his forehead and went to the city of Dementiyan to the good and glorious king Kirbit Verzaulovich.

And how Lichard's servant will be in the city of Dementiana with the glorious and kind king Kirbit Verzulovich and entering the royal mansion and placing the letter on the table in front of the king. And King Kirbit Verzulovich printed out the letter and read it. And he went to the back mansions to the beautiful princess Militrisa and decided to speak kind words; “My beautiful daughter, Princess Militrisa! Dementiyan came to our city as an embassy from the glorious and kind King Vidon, and you are the matchmaker. And I can’t stand against such a glorious king, because he has gathered many troops, our city will be like fire and will roll down like a firebrand, and will take you out of dislike.”

And the beautiful princess Militrisa fell on her knees before her father and began to say: “My lord, father, glorious king Kirbit Verzaulovich! When Yaz was young, and that King Dodon wooed you with me. And you... my lord, father, don’t give me for King Vidon, give me for King Dadon. That King Dadon will be our city’s guardian and protector from all countries.”

And the glorious king Kirbit Verzaulovich could not defend himself from such a glorious king Vidon and gave his daughter, the beautiful princess Militris, for the glorious king Vidon...

And he lived with her for three years and gave birth to a young child, and a brave vitez, Bova Karalevich. And the beautiful princess Militrisa summoned her beloved servant named Licharda and wrote a letter to the good and glorious king Dodon, greeting: “Good and glorious king Dadon! I would come to our city near Anton and would destroy my king Vidon, and take me as my wife.” “And you, servant of Lichard, will disobey your empress and go to King Dadon and will not take the letter from me, and I will slander you to my sovereign King Vidon with incredible words, and he will soon order you to be executed with an evil death.” And the servant of Lichard the empress did not disobey his, he accepted the letter and hit him with his forehead and went to King Dadon.

And how the servant of Licharda came to King Dodon and entered the royal armor and laid the letter on the table before King Dadon. And King Dodon accepted the letter, and unsealed it, and read it, and nodded his head, and laughed, and began to say: “O servant of Lichard! Why does your lady confuse me? And she already lived with King Vidon and adopted a child, the brave prince Bova the prince.” And Lichard’s servant began to say: “Good sir, King Dadon! Order me to be locked up in prison and given plenty of water and food. And you, sir, go to our city Anton, and my words will not be forgotten, and you ordered me to be executed with an evil death.” And the king fell in love with that word and King Dadon began to say: “O servant of Lichard, your words are better than honey with my mouth, and your words will be known, and I will forgive you.”

And King Dodon was delighted and ordered the horn to sound. And he gathered an army of 37,000 and went to the city of Anton and, having arrived, stood in the royal meadow and ordered tents to be pitched. And the beautiful princess Militrisa saw from the rear of her choir and, wrapping herself in her precious dress, she went into the royal armor and began to say: “My good lord, King Vidon, I bore a second womb, I do not know the son, I do not know the beast. And I wanted animal meat, and feed me the wild boar fresh meat, killed by your hand." And King Vidon was glad that he had not heard such speeches even when he was three years old from his beautiful princess Militrisa. And the king ordered the donkey to be saddled and sat on the donkey, took the spear in his hands and rode into the open fields after the wild boar.

And the beautiful princess Militrisa rose and opened the city gates and welcomed King Dadon with great joy through the city gates. And take him by the white hands and kiss him kindly on the mouth and lead him to the royal armor. And he honored to drink and eat and be merry. And at that time the brave prince Bova the prince, still a young and foolish child, entered the stable and hid himself under the manger. And Bova’s uncle Simbalda was with him and went into the stable and found Bova under the manger and began to shed tears and began to say: “My lord, brave prince Bova the prince! Your mother is a villain, the beautiful princess Militrisa. With King Dadon, she, the villain, tormented my sovereign, and your father, the good and glorious King Vidon. And you are still a young child, you cannot take revenge on the death of your father. We will run, sir, to the city of Sumin, which my sovereign, and your father the glorious king Vidon, granted with hail; and that great city is strong”... And Vova’s speech to uncle Simbalda: “My lord, uncle Simbalda! Yaz is still a young child and senseless, and I can’t sit on a good horse and gallop all the time.” And the old man Simbalda saddled himself a good horse, and a pacer under Bova and called thirty young men to him and ran to the city of Sumin.

And there were traitors in the city, and they told King Dodon and the beautiful princess Militrisa that the boy Simbalda had fled to the city of Sumin and taken the prince’s son Vova with him. And King Dodon ordered the horn to be blown and gathered 40,000 troops and chased after the young Cymbalda and the prince of Bova. And the ambassador of the beaters for the boy Simbalda and for Bova. And the paddocks drove away the boy Simbalda and Bova the prince. And the boy looked around and saw the paddocks, and decided to gallop at full speed and ran to the city of Sumin and shut himself up tightly. But Bova the prince could not gallop away, and Bova fell from his horse to the ground. And the paddocks took Bova and brought him to King Dadon. And King Dadon sent Bova to his mother, to the beautiful princess Militrisa.

And King Dadon came to the city of Sumin, stood in the meadow and pitched the royal tents. And here I saw a terrible dream, if only the prince Bova rode on a good horse, held a spear in his hand and pierced King Dadon’s womb and heart. And King Dodon arose from his dream and called to himself his brother in the name of Obrosim and decided to tell his dream and send his brother Obrosim to the city of Anton to the beautiful coral Militrisa to congratulate882 and tell the dream and ask Bova the prince to put him to an evil death for that dream .

And Obrosim went to the city of Anton to the beautiful Coral Militrisa to congratulate him and tell him his dream and ask Bova the prince to put him to death for that dream. And the beautiful Queen Militrisa decided to say: “I can betray Beauvais herself to death. I will put him in prison and will not give him anything to eat or drink, and he will suffer the same death.”

And King Dadon stood under the city of Sumin for 6 months and could not take the city of Sumin and went to the city of Anton. And Symbalda ordered the horn to be blown and gathered 15,000 troops and went to the city near Anton and began to beat the city wall relentlessly and shout and beg his sovereign Bova the prince from the city: “Don’t give me my sovereign Bova the prince, and I will not live.” I can succumb to hail." And the beautiful Queen Militrisa decided to say to King Dadon: “My Lord, King Dadon, that our villain will not give us peace either day or night.” And King Dadon ordered to blow the horn and gather an army of 30,000 and chase after little Cymbalda. And little Simbalda cannot stand against King Dodon and fled to the city of Sumin and shut himself up tightly.

And the beautiful Queen Militrisa ordered Bova to be put in prison and covered with an iron bar and covered with sand and not allowed to drink or eat for five days and five nights. And Beauvais, from his youth, wanted to eat good things. And the beautiful Queen Militrisa put on her precious dress and walked through the royal court. And Bova saw the dungeon and shouted to Bova in a loud voice: “My Empress Mother, the beautiful Queen Militrisa! Why are you, my lady, angry at me? He will not send me either food or drink! I'm already getting closer to starvation!" And the beautiful Queen Militrisa began to say: “My dear child, Bova the prince! Truly, I forgot you from the precipice. I mourn for your father, and for my sovereign, for the good King Vidon. I’ll send you a lot of food and drink, and you can nourish your soul.” And the beautiful Queen Militrisa entered the royal armor and decided to knead two loaves of bread with snake oil into wheat dough with her own hands. She baked two loaves of bread and sent the girl and the girl to Bova in prison... Yes, two exiles came for that girl and sat down by the prison window. And the girl gave Bova two loaves of bread, and Bova wants to eat the loaves. And the girl shed tears and began to say: “Sovereign brave prince Bova the prince! You cannot, sir, eat those loaves of bread quickly, otherwise you will soon die. “Your mother, and my empress, the beautiful Queen Militrisa, she kneaded those loaves of bread with her own hands into wheat dough with snake fat.” And Bova, I took a loaf of bread and threw it to the survivor, and another to another. And as soon as the survivors ate the loaves of bread, they quickly tore them into poppy seeds. And Bova shed a tear: “Merciful Savior and Most Pure Mother of God! Why did my Empress mother want to put me to an evil death?” And the girl gave Bova her bread to eat, and Bova ate and drank.

And the girl, when she left the prison, did not shut the door and did not close the iron bars. And Bova left the prison and ran out of the city through the city wall. And Bova jumped over the city walls and knocked off his own legs and lay behind the hail for three days and three nights. And Bova got up and went wherever his eyes took him. And Bova came to the edge of the sea and saw Bova’s ship on the sea. And Bova shouted loudly. And from Bovin’s voice the waves rose on the sea and the ship cracked. And the shipowner guests were amazed that the young child was screaming in a loud voice. And the visiting shipbuilders sent the yarisks883 in the podestka884 and ordered to ask: “Are you from a peasant family or a Tatar? And if you are a peasant, you will take him on board the ship.” And the rednecks came to the shore and decided to ask: “Are you of Christian or Tatar descent? What’s your name?” And Bova’s speech: “I come from a non-Tatar family, I come from a Christian family, a son who has been martyred, and my mother was a wretched wife, she washed clothes for good wives and fed her own head.” And the rednecks took Bova as a driver and took him to the ship...

And Bova decided to walk around the ship. And the guests, the shipwomen, marveling among themselves, cannot look at Bovina’s beauty enough, because they have not seen such a youth: Velmi is mold-shaped. And Bova arose from his sleep and began to say: “Guest shipwrights, do not scold and fight about me. I serve you according to the plan: the one I saw before on the shore, and the one I serve until lunch, and the one I saw after, and the one I serve after lunch until the evening.” And the guests fell in love with that word, they washed out the anchors and hoisted the sails and fled across the sea for a year and three months and came running to the Kingdom of Armenia, and in the Kingdom of Armenia, King Zenzevey Adarovich. And the visiting shipwomen rushed ashore, and Bova began to walk around the ship.

And King Zenzevey Adarovich sent the ambassador of young men and clerks and ordered to ask what kingdom the ship came running to, and what city the guests were from, and with what goods. And the young men and servants came to the ship and saw Bovina on the ships, and could not see Bovina’s beauty and forgot to ask in their minds what kingdom the ship came running to, and whose guests were, and with what goods. And King Zenzevey Adarovich asks the young men and clerks what kingdom the ship belongs to, and what city the guests are from, and with what goods. They didn’t tell him anything, they just said that they saw unova on the ships. And King Zenzevey soon ordered the donkey to be brought up and rode off to the ship and saw: a young man Velmi was walking on the ship. And they forgot to ask in their minds what kind of kingdom the ship was and what kind of goods it was. And King Zenzevey Odarovich decided to sell the boy to the guests: “And guests, shipwrights, sell me the boy, take 300 liters of gold from me.” And the shipmaid guests said: “Sovereign King Zenzevey Odarovich! It’s impossible to sell us that boy, because he’s a common slave among us, but he was taken to the edge of the sea on the shore.” And King Zenzevey Adarovich said to the guests: “And if you have that slave in common, you sell it, and take 300 liters of gold from me, and trade in my kingdom freely and duty-free. If you don’t sell me your common slave, you won’t be able to leave my kingdom alive and you won’t be able to sail past my kingdom by ship in the future.” And the guest shipwrights sold Bova, and took 300 liters of gold for him.

And King Zenzevey Adarovich put Bova on a donkey and went to the Armenian kingdom and decided to ask Bova: “Bova, what kind of family are you, royal or royal?” And Bova said: “My Lord, King Zenzevey Adarovich! I come from a non-royal and non-royal family, I come from a Christian family, a son of Namar. And my mother, a wretched wife, washed dresses for good wives, thereby feeding her own head.” And King Zenzevey Adarovich decided to say: “And if you, Bova, are of such a bad family, then serve in my stables and become a great groom.” And Bova, striking his sovereign with his forehead, went to the stable; and Bova is seven years old. And Bova decided to serve in the stables.

And that king Zenzevey Adarovich had a daughter, the beautiful princess Druzhnevna. And from her choir she saw Bova in the stable in a velmi form, and from Bavina’s beauty the entire stable was illuminated. And the beautiful princess Druzhnevna put on a precious dress and went to the royal chambers to her father and, when she arrived, began to say: “My lord, father, King Zenzevey Adarovich! Sir, I have many nannies and mothers and beautiful girls, but I don’t have a single servant. Tomorrow, sir, I have a feast for the nannies and mothers, but there is no one to cook for me, distribute food, or stand with the caterer. Perhaps, sir, father, I was the slave who bought me from the guests and gave me 300 liters of gold.” And King Zenzevei Adarovich had a daughter in love. “My daughter, the beautiful princess Druzhnevna! Be at your will." And he ordered to call Bova. And Bova came to the royal quarters and struck his sovereign with his forehead. And King Zenzevey Adarovich decided to say: “Bova! Tomorrow, at Druzhnevna’s, distribute the food and food, and stay with the supplier. And also, Bova, listen to my orders and stay with Druzhnevna all day long.” And Bova, striking his forehead, went to the stable. And Druzhnevna, striking her father with her forehead, went into the rear mansion.

And how the night passes, and the day comes, and Druzhnevna is in a hurry. And as the food ripened, the beautiful princess Druzhnevna sent the girl to the stable. And the girl came to the stable: “Come, Bova, the princess is calling you.” And Bova got dressed and came to the back mansion, and the beautiful princess Druzhnevna did not sit in front of Bova and stood up. And Bova decided to say: “Beautiful empress, beautiful princess! You don’t do much, you stand up against me, slave.” And the princess doesn’t hold any annoyance at Bova. And as the feast went and feasted on food, the swan arrived, and Bova brought the swan. And the beautiful princess swan collapsed and dropped the knife under the table... And Bova rushed under the table. And the beautiful princess, bending her head under the table, and not grabbing the knife, grabbed Bovina’s head and kissed him on the mouth, and on the eyes, and on the ears. And Bova broke free and again stood at the post and considered dishonoring his empress: “The empress is beautiful Princess Druzhnevna! It doesn’t suit you, your slave, to kiss me on the mouth, and on the ears, and on the eyes!” And as the feast passed, Bova began to say: “Beautiful princess Druzhnevna! Let me go to the stables with my comrade.” And Bova went to the stable, and the beautiful princess could not keep an eye on Bovin’s trail. And Bova came to the stable, went to bed and slept for 5 days and 5 nights. The grooms couldn’t wake him up, so they rode across the grass and mowed down Bovin’s lesson and tied him up in a mess886. And Bova got up, rode across the grass and met the grooms, took his lesson and chose pink flowers and wove a grass crown and put it on his head. And he arrived at the stables. And the beautiful princess saw a grass crown with pink flowers on Bova’s head and sent the girl to the stable. And the girl came: “Come, Bova, Druzhnevna is calling you.”

And Bova came to the back mansions. And the beautiful princess could not sit still and stood up against Bova and began to say: “Bova, take the crown from your head with your own hands and put the crown on my head.” And Bova decided to say: “The sovereign princess, the beautiful princess Druzhnevna! It’s not good for a slave to lay his own hands on your head.” And Druzhnevna decided to say: “If you, Bova, don’t remove the crown from your head with your own hands and don’t put it on my head, I’ll slander your father with incredible words. And the priest orders you to be executed with an evil death soon.” And Bova grabbed the crown and hit it on the brick center. And the princess picked up the crown and pressed it to her heart and learned to love it more than gold and pearl. And Bova went with his armor, hit the doors, and a brick fell out of the walls and broke Bova’s head. And the beautiful princess treated with her lands. And Bova came to the stable and went to bed and slept for 9 days and 9 nights.

And King Markobrun came from the Transdonian kingdom, and with him 40,000 troops. And he set up tents in the meadow and wrote a letter from King Markobrun to King Zenzevei Adarovich: “Give your daughter for me out of love, and if you don’t give out of love, then your language will be yours.” I will burn the kingdom with fire and shake it with a brand, and I will take your daughter out of unlove.” And King Zenzevey Adarovich could not stand up for such a king and met him at the city gates and took him by the white hands and kissed him on the sugary lips and called him his beloved son-in-law. And they went to the royal quarters and ate food and drink to rejoice.

And Markobronov’s nobles considered the Teshitean to be good horses outside the city. And Bova got up and heard the neighing of a horse and went into the back mansions and began to say: “The Empress, the beautiful princess Druzhnevna! What noise and neighing of horses is behind our kingdom? And the beautiful princess began to say: “Bova, you’ve been sleeping for a long time, you don’t know anything! King Markobrun came from the Transdonian kingdom, and with him 40,000 troops, and besieged our kingdom. But my father could not stand up for such a king and met him at the city gates and called him his beloved son-in-law, and he is my husband.” And Bova decided to say: “The sovereign princess, the beautiful princess Druzhnevna! I don’t have anything to go with the Markobrunovs, the nobles are amusing. Give me a good horse and a treasure sword, and an iron club, and strong armor, and a shield.” And the beautiful princess decided to say: “You are still a young child, only seven years old, and good horse You don’t know how to wield and gallop at full horse speed and swing an iron club.”

And Bova went to the stable and saddled the pacer - outside the city to the Markobrunov nobles of Teshitz. And he didn’t have either a treasure sword or a spear; he just took a broom and went out of town. And Markobrunov’s nobles laughed and looked at Bova and began to say: “What kind of pale son left Teshite alone? What honor is there for him? And people considered Bova to be a hypocrite, either by peti or by shti. And Bova decided to gallop and wave a broom, and beat Bova to 15,000. And the beautiful princess saw that Bova was galloping alone, and she felt sorry: they would kill him. And she put on a precious dress and went to her father and began to say: “My lord, father, King Zenzevey Adarovich! Tell Bova to calm down, what honor does the Teshite nobles have with the Markobrunovs?” And King Zenzebei sent young men along Bova, and the young men, when they arrived, said: “Bova! The Lord King is disgusting with you. What honor do you have with the Markobrunovs, Teshitz nobles?” And Bova came to the stable and went to bed and slept for 9 days and 9 nights.

And at that time, Tsar Saltan Saltanovich and his son Lukoper came from the Rakhlen kingdom to the Kingdom of Armenia. glorious hero. His head is like a beer cauldron, and between his eyes there is a span of goodness, and between the ears of his knees an arrow will fall, and between his shoulders there is a measured fathom. And there is no such strong and glorious hero in the entire population. And he besieged the kingdom of Armenia and wrote a letter to King Zenzevey Adarovich from the glorious hero Lukoper, so that King Zenzevey Adarovich would “give his beautiful princess Druzhnevna for me with love. If he doesn’t give it, I’ll burn his kingdom with fire and shake him with a firebrand, and I’ll take your daughter out of unlove.”

And King Zenzevey Adarovich decided to say to King Markobrun: “...You have 40,000 troops, and I have 40,000 troops. And the two kings themselves, and we have 40,000 troops, let us go against the strong hero Lukoper.” And King Zenzevey Adarovich ordered to blow the horn and gather 40,000 troops, and Markobrunov’s troops 40,000. And two kings and two armies set out against the strong hero Lukoper. And the Bowman pointed the spear at two kings with the blind end and two kings with a spike like sheaves, and he beat two armies. And he tied up two kings, King Zenzevey Adarovich and King Markobrun, and sent them to the Mar refuge to their father, Tsar Saltan Saltanovich.

And Bova arose from her sleep, even outside the city there was a great noise and the neighing of horses. And Bova went to the back mansions to the beautiful princess Druzhnevna. And Bova entered the room and asked: “The Empress Princess Druzhnevna! Why is there a great noise outside the city and the neighing of horses? And the beautiful princess Druzhnevna began to say: “Sovereign Bova! He sleeps for a long time, does not know anything that Tsar Saltan Saltanovich and his son Lukoper, the glorious hero, came from the Rakhlen kingdom... And my father gathered 40,000 troops, and Markobrunov’s troops 40,000. And two kings and two armies set out against the strong hero Lukoper. And Bowman pointed a spear at the two kings with a broken end and spiked the two kings from horses like sheaves, and he beat two troops and tied up the two kings and sent them to the sea refuge to his father, Tsar Saltan Saltanovich. And Bova’s speech: “The beautiful Empress Princess Druzhnevna! I have nothing to ride against the strong hero Lukoper. I have neither a good hero’s horse, nor strong armor, nor a treasure sword, nor a copy of the warrior, nor a hero’s harness.” And the beautiful princess Druzhnevna said: “Sovereign Bova! You are still a young child and cannot sit on a good horse and gallop at full speed. And I can no longer help my father! And you, Sovereign Bova, take me as your wife, and be the protector of our kingdom and protector from all countries.” And Bova’s speech: “The sovereign will buy a good slave, but the slave wants to serve. Yes, I have nothing to ride against the strong hero Lukoper: I have neither a good hero’s horse nor a military harness.”

And the beautiful princess Druzhnevna said: “My sovereign father has a good heroic horse: it stands on 12 chains, buried knee-deep in the ground, and behind 12 doors. And my father has in his treasury 30 armor of old heroes and a treasure sword.” And Bova was quickly happy and went to the stable, and the good heroic horse with 12 chains began to beat and was already breaking through the last doors. And Druzhnevna ran after Bova to the stable and began to say: “Are there any brave knights in the Armenian kingdom? Follow me to the stables!” And the good heroic horse grabbed Bova with his front legs and decided to kiss his mouth like a man, and Bova decided to stroke the good heroic horse’s fur and soon consoled the good heroic horse. And Druzhnevna sent to the treasury a heroic armor and a sword-treasurer: 12 people carried it on fortresses. And Bova was happy and wanted to mount the hero’s good horse and go to military and mortal work. And the beautiful princess Druzhnevna began to say: “My Lord Bova! If you are going on military and mortal duty, you will either live or not, but you did not pray to God and did not say goodbye to me.” And Bova fell in love with that word, and went to Druzhnevna in his coat and prayed to God and took the Savior and the Most Pure Mother of God to his aid, and said goodbye to Druzhnevna and went to do military and mortal work.

And Druzhnevna sent Bova away. And she released him for military and mortal work and belted the treasure sword around Bova with her own hands. And Bova sat on the hero’s good horse, but did not step into the stirrup. And the beautiful princess Druzhnevna grabbed Bovina’s leg and put it in the stirrup with her hands and grabbed Bovina by the violent head and kissed him on the mouth, and on the eyes, and on the ears. And the beautiful princess Druzhnevna spoke: “My Lord Bova! If you go on military or mortal duty, you will either live or not. And I have no faith in him, that you are of Namar’s generation. Tell me your true truth, whether you are of royal or royal family? And Bova’s speech to the beautiful princess: “I am going to do military and mortal work, either I will live or not... I will tell you the true truth. It’s not the son of Namar’s family, the son of Vidon, the son of the royal, glorious king, but my mother, the beautiful Queen Militrisa, the daughter of the good and glorious king Kirbit Berzaulovich.” And Bova got Druzhnevna some sand and sprinkled it on her heart.

And that king Zenzevey Adarovich was a butler. And he began to speak, and to dishonor his empress: “The empress, the beautiful princess Druzhnevna! You will not bring a treasury sword around your slave with your own hands, and you will not bring your slave’s legs into the stirrup with your own hands, and you will not bring your slave’s head to accept and kiss your slave on the mouth, and in the eyes, and in the ears, and see him off and to be released for military and mortal work.” And Bova hit the butler with a spear, the dull end, and the butler fell to the ground dead and lay there for three hours, only to get up for two.

And Bova went to do military and mortal work. And Bova jumped straight through the city wall, and saw the glorious hero Lukoper, that a brave warrior jumped out of the Ormen kingdom through the city wall, and two strong heroes stood on the field of Sezzhatsa. And Lukoper pointed the spear at Bova with the pointed end, and Bova pointed the spear at Lukoper with the sharp end. And two strong heroes struck each other with sharp spears, so that strong thunder struck the cloud. And Bowman on Bova could not pierce the armor, but Bova on Bowper pierced the armor on both sides, and Bowman fell off his horse, dead. And Bova decided to beat Lukoperov’s troops and Bova fought for 5 days and 5 nights, not so much hitting with a spear - he trampled and beat 100,000 troops with his horse, and the small people went to the seaside refuge to Tsar Saltan Saltanovich. And they decided to say: “Sovereign Tsar Saltan Saltanovich!

The brave Vitez left the kingdom of Ormen... and will now be on his way to a seaside refuge.” And Tsar Saltan Saltanovich did not have time to remove the royal tents and jumped onto a ship with small people and ran to the Rakhlen kingdom.

And Bova arrived at the seaside shelter and jumped into the tent, and two kings were already tied up under the bench, King Zenzevey Adarovich and King Markobrun. And Bova took two kings and put them on horses... And they rode to the kingdom of Armenia for 3 days and 3 nights in a human corpse, one good horse galloping in blood up to its knees.

And Bova’s speech to his sovereign Zenzevei Adarovich and King Markobrun: “The sovereign will buy a good slave, and that slave will serve his sovereign.” And King Markobrun decided to say to King Zenzevei Adarovich: “I heard among the old people: the sovereign will buy a good slave, and the slave will serve his sovereign, and that slave will be given and released.” And King Zenzevey Adorovich decided to say: “I heard from old people that such a slave is suitable to be given and called to oneself.” And the two kings arrived in the kingdom of Armenia and went to the royal chambers and decided to drink and eat and be merry. And Bova went to the stable and went to bed and slept for 9 days and 9 nights.

And at that time two kings, King Zenzevey Adarovich and King Markobrun, rode from Yastreptsa to the creek of Teshitz. And at that time the butler called to him 30 young men, brave heroes, and began to say: “Go, young men, and kill Bova in the sleepy stable, and I will give you a lot of gold and silver.” And everyone wants self-interest. And 30 young men rushed to Bova’s stable, but Bova was fast asleep. And in those 30 young men there was only one reasonable. And he decided to say: “But we can’t kill sleepy Bova. And Bova the awakener, what will happen to us? Bova, a brave Vitez, killed Bova, the strong and glorious hero Lukoper, and defeated 100,000 troops. Let's go to the butler! And the butler is the same as our sovereign Zenzevey Adarovich, and he will write a letter to the butler in the royal name and send Bova to the Rakhlen kingdom, but Bova will not recognize him from his sleep.” And the butler liked that word. And he sent the butler to the royal quarters and wrote a letter from King Zenzevey to Tsar Saltan Saltanovich, so that Tsar Saltan Saltanovich “wouldn’t turn on me and kill Lukoper, your son, and beat 100,000 troops. His name is Bova, and he sent his tongue to you with his head to death.” And the butler wrote and sealed the letter, and he himself lay down on the king’s bed and dressed himself in the royal blanket and sent it to Bov to the stables. And Bova came to the royal quarters and did not recognize Bova the butler. And he decided to speak in the royal name: “Bova, serve me with faith and truth. Go to the Rakhlen kingdom, take my petition to Tsar Saltan Saltanovich.” And Bova took the letter and hit him with his forehead and went to the stable. And he did not saddle the good horse of the hero, he saddled Bova the pacer and rode to the Rakhlen kingdom.

And Bova travels for 9 days and 9 nights and Bova cannot cross a river or stream, but Bova drinks as well as he wants. And you see Bov: there is an oak tree about a mile away from the road, and under the oak tree there is a monk. And Bova went... And the pilgrim said: “My lord, brave son of Bova, the prince!” Yaz I drink ukrukha, and for you, sir, I’ll also give you ukrukha.” And the elder scooped up the cup and turned away, poured in the sleeping selena and gave it to Bova. And Bova drank, and Bova fell off his horse onto the ground and slept for 9 days and 9 nights. And the old pilgrim took away Bova’s treasure sword and took away the good horse... And Bova arose from his sleep, even though he had neither the good pacer horse nor the treasure sword. And Bova shed a tear: “Merciful Savior and Most Pure Mother of God! The elder has already harmed me... and the sovereign sent me to death.” And Bova went wherever his eyes lead. And God rules the way.

And Bova came to the Rakhlen kingdom and entered the royal armor and laid the letter on the table. And Tsar Saltan Saltanovich accepted the letter, printed it and read it. And Tsar Saltan Saltanovich shouted: “O villain Bova..., now you yourself have come to me to die, I can hang you!” And Tsar Saltan Saltanovich shouted: “Do I have any young men, brave Vitezi? Take Bova and lead her to be hanged.” And soon the reels were set up, the cauldrons were prepared, and 60 young men stood up, took Bova 30 young men under his right arm, and another 30 young men under his left arm, and led Bova to be hanged. And he saw Bova crying and Bova shedding tears: “Merciful Savior and Most Pure Mother of God! What is my fault, what is my untruth, why am I dying? And God put it on Bova’s mind that Bova is a strong hero. And he hit Bova right hand and bruised 30 young men, shook Bova with his left hand and killed the other 30 young men. And Bova ran away from the Rakhlen kingdom.

And Tsar Saltan Saltanovich saw it and ordered to blow the horn and gathered 5 thousand of his court and chased after Bova. And they drove him away and caught him and brought him to Tsar Saltan Saltanovich. And Tsar Saltan Saltanovich decided to speak, like blowing a trumpet: “You, the villain Bova, want to leave death. I can hang you!

And that Tsar Saltan had a beautiful daughter, Princess Minchitria. And she put on a precious dress and went to her father in a robe and began to say: “My lord, father, Tsar Saltan Saltanovich! You can’t raise your son and my brother and you can’t raise 100,000 troops, but such a strong hero will be destroyed. And you, sir, father, give him into my arms, and I will turn his language into my Latin faith and into our god Akhmet, and he will take me as a wife and will be the keeper of our kingdom and protector from all countries.” And Tsar Saltan had a beautiful daughter, Princess Minchitria, in love. And Tsar Saltan says: “My dear child, beautiful princess Minchitriya, be at your will.”

And Princess Minchitria hit her father with her forehead... and went to her mansion and gave Bova a lot of drink and food of various foods and decided to say: “Bova, forget your Orthodox Christian faith... and take me for the wife of the place... But he will not believe in our Latin faith and If you don’t give me your place as a wife, my father may hang you or impale you.” And Bova’s speech: “Even if I be hanged or impaled on a stake, I don’t believe your Latin faith and I can’t forget my true one.” And Princess Minchitriya ordered Bova to be firmly imprisoned and covered with iron and covered with sand, and did not allow Bova to drink or eat for 5 days and 5 nights. And Beauvais should drink and eat as he wishes.

And the beautiful princess Minchitriya put on a precious dress and went to Bova in the dungeon and ordered the sand to be shoveled away and the iron cup to be opened. And she went into Bova’s prison and couldn’t look at Bovina’s beauty for 3 hours... “Bova! “Would you rather die of starvation or be hanged or impaled on a stake? Believe our Latin faith... and take me as your wife." - “Already, starvation is drawing closer to me. But I want to be hanged or impaled, but I don’t believe in your Latin faith and I can’t forget your glorious Christian faith.”

And Princess Minchitriya did not give Bova any drink or food and went to her father in the coat and began to say: “My lord, father, Tsar Saltan Saltanovich! I couldn’t seduce Bova’s tongue. If you want, hang him, or impale him.” And Tsar Saltan Saltanovich decided to say: “Do I have 30 young men? Go to the prison and take Bova and bring him to me, I can hang Bova.” And 30 young men stood and went to Bova’s prison and could not shovel away the sand and open the iron doors and decided to break the roof. And Bova began to spin: “I don’t have a treasure sword, I have nothing to fight against 30 young men,” and when he saw Bova in the corner of the dungeon, Bova took the treasure sword, and Bova was overjoyed. And the young men came to Bova to let people down into the dungeon in twos and threes and fives and threes. And Bova cuts and lays down the ladder. And he killed 30 young men and put them all behind the forest. And Tsar Saltan became angry with those young men: “The whore’s children came in and talked to Bova.” And he sent 30 other young men and ordered to immediately bring Bova. And 30 young men came and stood before Bova in the dungeon of the escaper. And Bova flogs and lays down the ladder. And Bova came out of prison and fled from the Rakhlensk kingdom. And Tsar Saltan Saltanovich ordered to blow the horn and gather troops of 30,000 and chase after Bova.

And Bova ran to the seaside shelter and saw Bova’s ship and jumped onto the ship and pulled away from the shore. And Tsar Saltan Saltanovich shouted in a loud voice: “Guest shipbuilders, release the traitor from my ship, who escaped from my prison, and his name is Bova. And if you don’t save my traitor, you won’t sail past my kingdom by ship and don’t trade in my kingdom.” And the male shipbuilders want to take Bova off the ship. And Bova took out a treasure sword from under his bosom and cut down the men and threw them into the sea. And the red ones on the ship hid and began to say: “Sir, brave Vitez, you cannot destroy us, and we, sir, will run to you wherever you need.”

And the red ones raised their sails and ran across the sea for a year and three months and ran up to the Zadonsk kingdom and saw three golden-domed towers and the weather carried them 100 miles away from the path. And Bova ordered the sails to be released and the anchors to be thrown into the water. And Bova began to walk around the ship and look in all directions. And you will see fishermen on the edge of the sea. And Bova shouted in a loud voice: “Come on, fisherman, don’t disobey, get on board the ship!” And the fisherman did not disobey, he came, and Bova decided to ask the fisherman: “Please, fisherman, tell me: is it a kingdom, or a horde, is there a king living or a king?” And the fisherman said: “Sir, guest shipbuilder! Our kingdom of Zadonsk stands, and our sovereign, King Markobrun, lives.” And Bova followed Bova’s reason and speech: “Isn’t that King Markobrun who wooed King Zenzevei Adarovich in the kingdom of Armenia to the beautiful princess Druzhnevna?” And the fisherman said: “Sovereign guest, the shipbuilder, that one. And now Queen Druzhnevna has begged our sovereign, King Markobrun, for a year, and keeps asking about the brave vitez about the prince’s Bova. Our sovereign Markobrun will have the joy of a wedding, marrying the beautiful princess Druzhnevna.” And the fisherman Beauvais sprinkled sand to his heart. And Bova said to the fisherman: “Perhaps, fisherman, sell the fish to the fishermen.” And the fisherman threw five sturgeons onto the ship: “Behold, sir, you have fish and a demon for sale.” And Bova took the gold and silver and covered it with damask and velvet, and threw it into the fisherman’s undercarriage. And the fisherman decided to say to Bova: “Sir, guest shipbuilder, you have given me a lot of belly,887 neither my children nor my grandson can eat or drink.” And Bova said: “Perhaps, fisherman, take me to the shore.” And the fisherman did not disobey, he took Bova as a ride and brought him to the shore. And Bova began to punish the Yaryzhnys: “Yaryzhnys, here’s the whole ship for you and with your belly. Divide in half, and don’t scold or fight.”

And Bova went to the Zadonsk kingdom and Bova walked for 5 days and 5 nights and found an old pilgrim, with whom he robbed and took from him a treasure sword and a good pacer horse. And Bova decided to beat the pilgrim. And the pilgrim prayed: “Don’t kill me, brave Vitez Bova the prince!” “I’ll give you a good pacer horse and a treasure sword, and I’ll give you three potions: a sleeping potion and a white potion, and the third black.” And Bova took three potions and a treasure sword and went.

Bova goes for 6 days to the Zadonsk kingdom. And he saw Elder Bova rowing wood chips on the street. And Bova’s speech to the elder: “Give me some of your black dress, but take my colored one.” And the elder decided to say: “Sovereign brave vitez, my dress is of no use to you, but your colored one is of no use to me: they will not give alms.” And Bova hit the elder on the ground and took off the old man’s black dress, and abandoned his colored dress. And Bova put on a black dress and went to the royal court and came to the cookhouse, and the cooks steal food.

And Bova came and began to ask for food: “Sirs, royal cooks, give drink and food to the passing old man for the Savior and the Most Pure Mother of God and for the sake of the brave prince Bova the prince.” And the cooks shouted: “O evil old man, why are you begging for mercy about Bova? Our sovereign has commanded about Bova: whoever remembers Bova will be executed by death without the royal knowledge.” And the cook rushed, grabbed a brand from under the cauldron and hit the old man, and the old man did not shake on the spot and grabbed the same brand, and the old man hit the cook and bruised him to death. And the cooks ran to the butler: “Butler, go to the kitchen. The old man came to the cookhouse and bruised Lutchev’s cook to death.” And the butler came to the kitchen... And Bova spoke: “Sovereign butler, do not order me, the old man, to be killed, because the old man did not hear your commandment as a passer-by.” And the butler’s speech: “Go, old man, to the back yard, there the princess Druzhnevna will divide the beggars with gold. Tomorrow our sovereign will have joy: our sovereign King Markobrun will marry the beautiful princess Druzhnevna.”

And the old man went to the back yard, even though there were a great many beggars in the back yard. And the old man went among the beggars, and the beggars would not give the old man a way, and they decided to beat the old man with sticks. And the old man decided to push the beggars on both sides, and behind the old man many dead lay. And the beggars decided to let the old man in. And the elder reached the beautiful princess Druzhnevna, and the elder shouted in a loud voice: “The sovereign, the beautiful princess Druzhnevna! Give me, the elder, mercy for the Savior and the Most Pure Mother of God and for the brave prince Bova the Prince.” Druzhnevna’s bowl of gold fell out of her hands. And the good heroic horse heard the rider of his brave prince Bova the prince and began to neigh in the stable... And the princess Druzhnevna began to say: “Come, nannies, and distribute gold to the poor.” And she took the elder and went to the back mansions and began to ask: “Elder, why are you begging for mercy about Bova? Where have you heard about my brave lord, Prince Bova?” And the elder said: “The Empress Princess! Yaz and Bova sat in the same prison in the Rakhlen kingdom, and we walked along the same road with Bova. Bova went to the left, and Yaz went to the right.” And the elder said: “The Empress Princess Druzhnevna! And when Bova comes now, what will you do to him?” And the beautiful princess Druzhnevna shed tears...: “If only Yaz had seen off Sovereign Bova in the thirtieth kingdom on the thirtieth land, and Yaz would have fallen to him there too!”

And at that time King Markobrun came to the beautiful princess Druzhnevna, and the old man was sitting, and Druzhnevna was standing in front of the old man. And King Markobrun decided to say: “Why are you, Druzhnevna, standing in front of the old man, and tears are dripping down your face?” And Princess Druzhnevna began to say: “My Lord, King Markobrun, how can I not cry? That old man came from our kingdom of Ormen and said: “My father and mother have died, and I’m crying for them.” And King Markobrun decided to say: “The Empress, the beautiful princess Druzhnevna! You can no longer help your father and your mother. And if you push, you’re just pushing your stomach. Despite everything that the good heroic horse has fought against 12 chains, it is already breaking through the last doors. And when he breaks through the last doors, there will be many dead in the city.” And the elder said: “Sovereign King Markobrun! I will console the good horse that a three-year-old baby can ride.” And King Markobrun said to the old man: “If you, old man, console the good horse, I will be kind to you, I will give you a lot of gold.” And the elder went to the stable, and Druzhnevna followed the elder. And the good heroic horse heard his rider and broke through the last doors and stood on his hind legs, grabbed him with his front legs, and decided to kiss him on the mouth like a man. And King Markobrun saw, went into the tent and locked himself in: “If a good horse broke through the last doors and crushed the old man, then a lot of city ​​of the dead there will be people."

And the beautiful princess Druzhnevna began to say: “What did you quickly console, old man?” And the elder said: “The beautiful Empress Princess Druzhnevna! And I myself am amazed that the good horse quickly recognized me, but you won’t recognize me for a long time. And the true language is Bova himself, the prince.” And Druzhnevna said to the elder: “What are you doing, elder, that confuses me! The sovereign Bova was velmily shaped, Bovina would have illuminated the entire stable with beauty.” And the elder took out a treasure sword from his bosom, and Druzhnevna pressed the sword to her heart: “The true sword of my sovereign Bova the prince! And you, old man, are black and ugly, and you followed God along the same path, and you stole his sword. And if my sovereign Prince Bova had that sword, he would have been able to wield that sword. And behold, my sovereign Bova had a wound on his head, and they put a finger into the wound. When he was serving in the kingdom of Armenia for my sovereign, my father, for King Zenzevei Aidarovich, Bova went with his armor and hit the doors, and a brick fell from above and broke Bova’s head. And I treated Bova with my own hands, and I know Bova’s wound.” And the elder took off his head and showed the wound. And Druzhnevna examined the wound and kissed it: “The true wound of my sovereign Bova, and you, old man, are bad and black.” And the elder said: “The true language is Bova himself. And you, Druzhnevna, order me to bring water, and I’ll wash myself with the white potion.” And Druzhnevna ran across the water herself and brought water in a silver washstand. And Bova washed himself with the white potion and illuminated Bova throughout the entire stable. And Druzhnevna fell at Bova’s feet and began to say: “My lord, brave prince Bova the prince! Don’t leave me, I’ll run with you from King Markobrun.” And Bova’s speech: “And you, Druzhnevna, go to King Markobrun and give him a drink and pour a sleeping potion into the goblet, and he sleeps for 9 days and 9 nights, and at that time we will run away.” And Bova gave the sleeping potion and Druzhnevna took the potion and wrapped it by the sleeve and went to her mansion and put on a precious dress and began to say: “My lord, King Markobrun! Tomorrow you and I will have joy: you, sir, will understand me for yourself. And you, sir, with me, let’s drink a cup of honey, so that I don’t grieve for my father and mother.” And King Markobrun had Druzhnevna in love. And soon he ordered to bring strong honey... and Druzhnevna, dodging, poured a sleeping potion from her sleeve and brought it to King Markobrun. And the king was in love with Druzhnevna and ordered her to drink in advance. And Druzhnevna regarded him as a disgrace: “My Lord, King Markobrun! I, a suffering girl, won’t get the chance to drink you before. Drink, sir, that cup of tea, and I’ll send you the other way.” And King Markobrun drank a cup of mead and went to sleep. And Princess Druzhnevna ran to Bova’s stable and began to say: “My lord, brave vitez Bova the prince! Already King Markobrun is fast asleep.”

And Bova saddled a good heroic horse for himself, and a pacer for Druzhnevna. And Druzhnevna took 2 tents from the treasury. And Bova put the tents in a toroka, and Bova sat on a good horse, and Druzhnevna on a pacer, and they drove away from the Zadonsk kingdom. And Bova rode with Druzhnevna for 9 days and 9 nights, and Bova stood in the field and raised white tents and hobbled good horses. And he went with Druzhnevna to the tent and copulated with Druzhnevna. And King Markobrun woke up from his sleep, even though he no longer had the beautiful princess Druzhnevna, or the good horse of the hero. And King Markobrun decided to say: “The old man was not a villain, it was the true prince Bova himself. The villain stole from me the beautiful princess Druzhnevna and the good horse of the hero.” And he commanded to sound the horn and gather an army of 30,000 and sent for Bova and Druzhnevnaya.

And Bova left the cold store’s tent. ...And how Bova heard the horse flood and the rumors of people, and went into the tent and began to say: “The Empress, the beautiful Queen Druzhnevna! There are small people behind us; to be pursued by King Markobrun." And the beautiful Queen Druzhnevna decided to say: “My gentle, brave vitez Bova the prince! If they catch us, we won’t be alive from King Markobrun.” And Bova said: “The beautiful Empress Queen Druzhnevna! Pray to God, God is with us.”

And Bova took the treasure sword and sat on a good horse and without a saddle and rode against the pursuer and beat the pursuer of 30,000, only leaving 3 people, punishing him, and released him to King Markobrun: “Why does King Markobrun send for me, only he loses troops! Does he know that yaz are strong, the hero is brave, Vitez Bova the prince? Yaz killed the strong hero Lukoper and defeated 9,000 troops.” And 3 people came to King Markobrun and decided to say: “Sovereign King Markobrun! Bova beat the entire army, but let the three of us go and did not order a chaser after him: what he sends for me, he only loses troops!

And King Markobrun ordered to blow the horn and gather 40,000 troops and send for Bova and Druzhnevna. And those young men began to say: “Our Lord, King Markobrun! Why should we go after God? But we can’t take Bova, we can only impose it with our own heads. There is, sir, you have a strong hero, and his name is Polkan, with the legs of a dog up to the waist, and from the waist down like another man, and he gallops 7 miles. He can snatch Bova and catch him, but he’s sitting in your dungeon behind 30 castles and 30 bridges.” And King Markobrun ordered Polkan to be released from prison and sent for Bova. And Polkan decided to gallop seven miles.

Belarusian and Ukrainian folklore.

The plot of "The Tale of Bova Korolevich"

In love with Druzhevna

The valiant knight Bova Gvidonovich, having fled from home from his evil mother (or stepmother) Militrisa Kirbityevna (in Siberian retellings - Miritritsa) and stepfather King Dodon, ends up with King Zenziviy Andronovich and falls in love with his daughter Druzhevna. In honor of her, he performs miracles of courage, defeating one entire army of contenders for Druzhevna’s hand - kings Markobrun and Lukoper Saltanovich.

Because of the machinations of one envious courtier, Bova finds himself in a series of dangerous adventures, saved only thanks to his courage, a treasure sword and a frantic heroic horse (“smoke from the ears and fire from the mouth”), on which no one except Bova dares to mount . In one jump, a horse with Bova jumps over the city wall or over the Zenzevia palace. Bova knocks down all the heroes opposing him with one blow from the blunt end of a spear, and when he himself finds himself unarmed and facing execution in the kingdom of Grozny, Bova grabs a “cut of a log” and “as he strangled them, they all fell down like sheaves.”

In his exploits, Bova is not only a brave defender of Druzhevna, but also a champion of Christianity. Even when he is threatened with death, he does not want to give up Christianity and believe in “ Latin faith and God Ahmet» .

Fate, however, favors Bova; he manages to free Druzhevna from Markobrun and escape with her. He easily defeats the army sent against him by Markobrun, and enters into an alliance with the hero Polkan (half-man, half-dog), armed against him.


The glorious strong and brave hero Bova Korolevich defeats Polkan the hero.

After marriage

But even after marrying Druzhevna Bova, trials await; he goes to take revenge on King Dodon for the murder of his father; At this time, Druzhevna is forced to hide as a seamstress for the daughter of King Saltan, Minchitrisa.

Bova, having lost Druzhevna, wants to marry Minchitrisa, whom he converted to Christianity. But Druzhevna turns out to be alive, Bova returns to her and to her two sons, and Minchitrisa marries Licharda’s son, Bova’s faithful servant.

Plot prototype

For a long time, The Tale of Bova Korolevich was the least studied narrative work of Russian folk literature. The question of the character’s originality or whether he was borrowed from a foreign epic was especially unclear. The hypothesis about the originality of the character was supported by various stories of Bova Korolevich, preserved in the folklore of the southern Russian and northern Russian lands, which for many centuries were divided and not connected with each other (if the power of Russian sovereigns always extended to the lands of northern Rus', then the lands of southern Rus' were in different time under Horde, Ottoman, Lithuanian and Polish rule, nevertheless, Ukrainian villagers from generation to generation passed on stories about Bova or Vova Korolevich, along with other heroes), as well as the fact that a number of characters in Russian epics about Bova Korolevich are absent in foreign analogues , or are called differently. In support of the hypothesis about the borrowed nature of the stories, the titles of the main characters, which are uncharacteristic for Russian lands, are given.

Despite some purely Russian names, she is probably of foreign origin. The source of the story is the famous chronicle poem “The French Kings” (Italian: I reali di Francia), relating to XIV century. The poem is divided into 6 books, of which the 4th is dedicated to Bev from Anton (Italian Bovo d "Antona), the prototype of Bova Korolevich. This part has been subjected to countless revisions, of which the most remarkable are the northern French and Italian poetic poem about Bev, which appeared around 1480 in Bologna and had about 25 editions until the 17th century... However, there is no unambiguous version on the issue of the appearance of the Italian poem about Beva, according to alternative data, the authorship of the Italian version of the novel is attributed to Elijah (Ele) Bocher and dates back to 1509.

Previously, it was believed that the Russian story was adjacent to the Italian edition of the poem “ Buovo d'Antona"or from the 4th book" I really live in France" The facts are conveyed in the same way as in the Italian novel, the names are partly conveyed with Russian pronunciation, partly changed: Bova corresponds to Italian. Buova, Guidon - to the Duke Guido d'Antoni, Bova's uncle Simbalda - Sinebaldo, Dodon - Duodo di Maganza, Druzhevna - Drusiniana; but, on the other hand, Licharda, Guidon’s servant, is a nameless envoy in the Italian text, Guidon’s wife is not Militrisa, but Brandoria etc.

Modern researchers believe that the plot goes back to French legends about the exploits of the knight Bovo d'Anton. At the same time, the Russian lists go back to the Belarusian retelling of the Serbo-Croatian translation of the Venetian edition of the book about Bovo d’Antona. In Russian, the story is known in five editions. Since the 18th century it has been published several times as popular print book; the plot became the property of folklore.

The Russian story about Bova Korolevich has the tone and details of a Russian fairy tale epic. Based on Russian copies of the story, one can judge its long-term circulation in Rus'. The lists of the 17th century are especially complete, closer to the spirit of the Italian original (in “Monuments of Ancient Writing” 1873, issue I, the text of Bova-Korolevich, borrowed from a handwritten collection, is printed Public Library end of the 17th century). They preserve the original meaning of the novel - the struggle between Christianity and Islam - and the knightly ideal is clearly expressed in the person of Bova: courage, devotion to faith and to his lady. The characters are depicted with the same certainty and some immobility: Bova is the embodiment of virtue, Militrisa is the embodiment of deceit, Druzhevna is love and devotion. In later copies and in popular prints, the original edition was changed: the religious character was completely lost sight of, characters speak in a pretentious and vulgar language that does not correspond to their position, their characters are smoothed out sharp features.

History of creation and distribution

"Tales about the brave knight about Bova Korolevich." 1915

The story probably first appeared in Vilna in the 1540s under the office of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as a translation from Serbo-Croatian, and was intended to be read at the courts of Belarusian magnates, primarily those surrounded by Barbara Radziwill.

The story is an analogue of the medieval French novel about the exploits of the knight Bovo d'Anton, also known since the 16th century in Italian popular prints of poetic and prose works. But if Western European works are characterized by the hero’s vassalage to the overlord, then in the handwritten Russian heroic stories about Bova, the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe vassal knight’s loyalty to the overlord is replaced by love for the homeland, Bova’s opponents are conceptualized as “Turkish”, “infidel”, “Tatar” forces. As V.D. Kuzmina notes, most often the story of Bova is close to Russian military tales and heroic tales. At the same time, in some lists folklore and literary tradition are closely and intricately intertwined, in others - the oral-poetic element colors with bright national flavor all work . Bova's heroism is especially emphasized in the Yaroslavl retelling. When the enemy approached the kingdom of Zanziwei, “the heroic heart of Bova the prince was awakened - help your king.” He then readily rushes to the “death battle” with the hero of King Saltan. With blows from his spear, Bova knocks down enemies left and right.

The oldest Russian version of this novel dates back to the 16th century, one Belarusian and five Russian: TsGALI, coll. Shlyapkina, No. 225/476A, 1675; No. 226/477, 1670s; State Historical Museum, Muzeysk. collection, No. 431; GBL, collection Undolsky, No. 1060; collection Tikhonravova, No. 611. Three latest list- XVIII century. The oldest version of the French novel that has survived to this day is "Bev of Anton", dating from the first half of the 13th century, written in the Anglo-Norman dialect. Along with the Russian story about Bova, similar works were created in many other European languages.

Of all the knightly and adventurous works that existed in Rus' in pre-Petrine times, the story of Bova enjoyed greatest success. About 100 manuscripts and about 200 popular prints are known, the last of which were published even after the revolution in 1918. The image of Bova was very popular in folklore.

Unlike the Belarusian version of the story, which was an almost classic courtly novel with complex intrigue, the Russian version is replete with epic plots and structures. The Belarusian translation is the source of several Russian copies of the story about Bova Korolevich, in all likelihood relating to XVII century.

In the southern Russian (Ukrainian) fairy tale “The Folk of Poltava” Bova is the youngest member of the “community” of heroes, the head of which turns out to be a poor Ukrainian peasant.

IN Russian-English dictionary, compiled in Moscow by the court physician Mark Ridley, there are words clearly borrowed from the story of Beauvais: “licharda is a knight ( a knight)", "treasury sword - club, mace ( a mace)» .

The adaptation of the story about Bova Korolevich was done by A. N. Radishchev. A. S. Pushkin also left sketches for the poem “Bova” (1814).

In addition to the Novgorod-Seversk list, numerous editions of the so-called “complete” popular folk tale in 32 pictures go back to the handwritten fourth edition of the story about Bova. The connecting link between them is the text of the fairy tale about Beauvais in the popular printed collection “Grandfather’s Walks”.

In September 2013, an adaptation of the story about Bova Korolevich, made by writer Andrei Usachev, was published.

Publications

In the second half of the 19th century popular print books diverged in large quantities. According to far from complete data, over nine years (1870-1878) “Bova Korolevich” was released in the amount of 245 thousand copies.

There are a number of pre-revolutionary editions of tales about Bova Korolevich:

see also

Notes

  1. Perets V. N.. - K., Type. Imperial University of St. Vladimir, 1906. - P. 29.
  2. Arkhangelsk epics and historical songs collected by A. D. Grigoriev in 1899-1901. - St. Petersburg: Troyanov Path, 2003. - P. 138, 522-560 p. - ( Complete collection Russian epics; vol. 2) - ISBN 5-89798-022-5.
  3. Bova the prince // Small encyclopedic dictionary. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house. F. A. Brockhaus and I. A. Efron, 1899. - T. 1 - P. 531.
  4. Bova the prince // Desktop encyclopedic dictionary. - M.: Publishing house. A. Garbel, 1891. - T. 1 - P. 606 - From the 4th volume: Ed. A. and I. Garnet.
  5. Kavalev S. Knightly raman in Belarusian literature // Acta Albaruthenica 5. Navukova collection / Pad agul. ed. M. Khaustovicha, A. Barshchevskaga, S. Zaprudskaga. Heel release. - Mn.: VTAA "Rights and Economy", 2005. - 284 p. (Belorian)
  6. Reader on ancient Ukrainian literature / Up. acad. O. Biletsky. - K., 1967. (Ukrainian)
  7. Bova Korolevich // Small Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: 1958. - T. 1 - P. 1077.
  8. Bova Korolevich // Berezna - Botokudy. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1950. - P. 335. - (Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 51 volumes] / Ch. ed. S. I. Vavilov; 1949-1958, vol. 5).
  9. Gladky V.D. Slavic world I-XVI centuries. Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2001. - P. 53 - 896 p. - ISBN 5-227-01469-8.
  10. Epics of Pechora. - St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2001. - 784 p. - (Epics; book 2) - ISBN 5-02-028368-1.
  11. Onega epics. - M.: Publishing house of the State Literary Museum, 1948. - P. 657-938 p. - (Chronicles; book 13).
  12. Modern Russian folklore of Siberia. - Novosibirsk: Science, Sib. department, 1979. - pp. 86-88, 99 - 209 p.
  13. Ustenko-Gartmash F. M. Bova the prince. Chodovik of Poltava, hero of Basurman. Fairy tales in Ukrainian folk retelling. - K.: 1895. Quoted. from: Literature of Ukrainian folklore. - Chernigov, 1901. - P. 253.
  14. , With. 370.
  15. From the Nicholas era. Memoirs: Public and private libraries of Kopyl. / Experienced (collection dedicated to the social and cultural history of Jews in Russia.) - St. Petersburg, 1910. - T. 2 - P. 18.
  16. , With. 374.
  17. // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
  18. , With. 373.
  19. Jewish literature // Euclid - Ibsen. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1972. - P. 12. - (Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / chief ed. A. M. Prokhorov; 1969-1978, vol. 9).

A very common tale among the Russian people is about the valiant knight Bova Gvidonovich, who, having fled from home from his evil mother Militrisa Kirbityevna and stepfather King Dodon, ends up with King Zenziviy Andronovich and falls in love with his daughter Druzhevna. In her honor, he performs miracles of courage, defeating one entire army of contenders for Druzhevna’s hand - kings Markobrun and Lukoper Saltanovich. Thanks to the machinations of one envious courtier, B. finds himself in a number of dangerous adventures, and is saved only thanks to his courage, a treasure sword and a heroic horse, which no one except B. dares to mount. In his exploits, B. is not only a brave defender of Druzhevna, but also a champion of Christianity. Even when he is threatened with death, he does not want to give up Christianity and believe in the “Latin faith and God Akhmet.” Fate, however, favors B.; he manages to free Druzhevna from Markobrun and escape with her. He easily defeats the army sent against him by Markobrun, and with the hero Polkan (half-man, half-dog), armed against him, he enters into an alliance. But even after marrying Druzhevna B., trials await; he goes to take revenge on King Dodon for the murder of his father; At this time, Druzhevna is forced to hide as a seamstress for the daughter of King Saltan, Minchitrisa. B., having lost Druzhevna, wants to marry Minchitrisa, whom he converted to Christianity. But Druzhevna turns out to be alive, B. returns to her and to her two sons, Minchitrisa marries the son of Licharda, B.’s faithful servant. The tale of B. the prince belongs to the least studied narrative works of our folk literature. Despite the purely Russian names, she is undoubtedly of foreign origin. The source of the tale is the famous chronicle poem Reali di Francia, dating back to the 14th century. The poem is divided into 6 books, of which the 4th is dedicated to Buovo de Antona, the prototype of B. the prince. This part was subjected to countless revisions, of which the most remarkable are the northern French and Italian poetic poem about Buovo, which appeared around 1480 in Bologna and was in use until the 17th century. about 25 publications. The Russian fairy tale is adjacent to the Italian version, but it is difficult to determine with accuracy whether it was borrowed from the poem Buovo d'Antona or from the 4th book of Reali di Francia. The facts are conveyed in the same way as in the Italian novel, the names are partly conveyed with Russian pronunciation, partly changed against the Italian ones. So, B. corresponds to Buova, Guidon - Duke Guido d'Antoni, B. Simbalda's uncle - Sinebaldo, Dodon - Duodo di Maganza, Druzhevna - Drusiniana; but, on the other hand, Licharda, Guidon’s servant, is an unnamed envoy in the Italian text, Guidon’s wife is not Militrisa, but Brandoria, etc. d.

It is difficult to determine in what ways the Italian novel penetrated into Russia. A. N. Pypin in his “Essay literary history ancient stories and Russian fairy tales" stands for a direct transition, due to the fact that in the content and appearance of the fairy tale there are no traces of extraneous processing noticeable in other stories and novels that came to us from the West. A significant change is noticeable only in style - it has been grafted onto the Russian fairy tale tone and details of the Russian fairy-tale epic. Based on Russian copies of the tale of B.-Korolich, one can judge its long-term circulation in Rus'. The lists of the 17th century are especially complete, closer to the spirit of the Italian original (in “Monuments ancient writing"1873, issue I, printed the text of B. the prince, borrowed from the handwritten collection of Published Bibles of the late 17th century). They preserve the original meaning of the novel - the struggle of Christianity with Islam and clearly expressed in the person of B. the knightly ideal: courage , devotion to faith and to his lady. The characters are depicted with the same certainty and some immobility: B. - the embodiment of virtue, Militrisa - deceit, Druzhevna - love and devotion. In later copies and in popular prints, the original edition is distorted: the religious character is completely lost sight of , the characters speak in a pretentious and vulgar language that does not correspond to their position, the sharp features in the characters are smoothed out.

  • - Janina is a Polish singer. She received her first music lessons from her mother, singer E. Terashkevich. In 1898 she graduated from the Lviv Conservatory, class of V. Vysotsky...

    Music Encyclopedia

  • - portrait painter in Russia...

    Large biographical encyclopedia

  • - one of the Albanian cities in Calabria, in the Italian province of Reggio Calabria, 38 km to the southeast. from Reggio, rises picturesquely on a steep hill; 8343 inhabitants ; was destroyed by an earthquake in 1783...

    Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

  • - Duke of Denmark, brother of the Danish king Christian, fiance of Xenia Godunova, died in Moscow in 1602. See Boris Godunov...

    Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

  • - brother of the Danish cor. Christiana, fiance of Ksenia Godunova, † in Moscow in 1602. See Boris Godunov...

    Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

  • - the son of the Serbian king Vukashin, who succeeded his father in 1371. Like other minor Serbian and Bulgarian rulers, M.-Kor. had to pay tribute to the Sultan and provide him with military assistance in the fight against enemies...

    Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

  • - the hero of a Russian magical heroic story. Overcoming various obstacles, B.K. achieves the beautiful princess Druzhevna, performs feats, shows miracles of courage...

    Great Soviet Encyclopedia

  • - Russian hero fairy tales; came from the novel about Buovo d'Anton, French-Italian Bovo...

    Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary

  • - TV. king/vich...

    Spelling dictionary of the Russian language

  • - KOROLEVICH, husband. King's son...

    Dictionary Ozhegova

  • - KOROLEVICH, the prince's son, husband. Son of the king. The Tale of Bova the Prince...

    Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

  • - Prince M. Son of the king...

    Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

  • - king "...

    Russian orthographic dictionary

  • - ...

    Word forms

  • - noun, number of synonyms: 1 prince...

    Synonym dictionary

"Bova Korolevich" in books

TSAR, TSAREVICH, KING, QUEEN...

From the book Alexander I author Arkhangelsky Alexander Nikolaevich

TSAR, TSAREVICH, KING, QUEEN... Alexander I, who during the war experienced a complete revolution of all his value orientations, did not renounce youthful impulses, but, as it were, mentally returned them to the lost church basis. From now on, he believed that it was philosophy

The sorcerer's daughter, the enchanted prince and everything, everything, everything

From the book Keys to Happiness. Alexei Tolstoy and literary Petersburg author Tolstaya Elena Dmitrievna

The sorcerer's daughter, the enchanted prince and everything, all, everything. In our opinion, Tolstoy's first dramatic experience - the puppet play "The Sorcerer's Daughter, or the Enchanted Prince", which appeared in the same sixth issue of ZHTKHO, was full of various messages addressed to a narrow

7. Vova and Bova

From the book Memoirs "Meetings on a Sinful Earth" author Aleshin Samuil Iosifovich

7. Vova and Bova I have already mentioned my two friends from junior group, brothers Vova and Bova. Actually, Bova was a friend, like me, six years old, since four-year-old Vova could not even pronounce all the letters. But he accompanied us everywhere, for which we nicknamed him “tail”. Externally

Cottage cheese casserole with potatoes, cauliflower, cheese and sour cream “Bova Korolevich”

From the book Stews and Casseroles author Treer Gera Marksovna

Bova Korolevich

From the book Folk Life of the Great North. Volume II author Burtsev Alexander Evgenievich

Bova Korolevich In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a prince named Guidon. He managed his vast domain wisely, was brave and, in addition, possessed untold wealth. The neighboring princes all respected him and vying with one another they hastened to offer

Bova and Russian literature

From the book Free Thoughts. Memoirs, articles author Serman Ilya

Bova and Russian literature Russian literature readily finds victims - some unlucky writers - and makes them the target of constant ridicule, parody, and mockery. That's how it was literary fate Trediakovsky in the 18th century213. In the first quarter of the 19th century

Tsar, prince, king, prince...

From the author's book

Tsar, prince, king, prince... August 24, 11:37 It became interesting to know which political views you - the people who look at this blog - adhere to. Let's count? Since many of us fluctuate between different political platforms, in some way supporting

Bova the prince

From the book Secrets of the Slavic Gods [The World of the Ancient Slavs. Magic rites and rituals. Slavic mythology. Christian holidays and rituals] author Kapitsa Fedor Sergeevich

Bova the Prince Hero of Russian fairy tales and popular popular stories. Bova the prince Lubok. XIX century. The image of Bova has been known in Rus' since early XVII century, when translations of the Polish “The Tale of Bova the Prince” appeared. A medieval adventure novel was used as the basis

Chapter 12 BOVA-KOROLEVICH IN GORKHI-6

From the book Rublyovka and its inhabitants. Romantic narrative author Blyumin Georgy Zinovievich

Chapter 12 BOVA THE QUEEN IN GORKHI-6 We say not Bova, but Bova: after all, this known to the world the Italian, who gave his talent to jubilant Moscow, was Russian, and not at all a foreigner. And he’s not even Bova, but Bova - from the old fairy tale of the prince. From the ashes he built Moscow, the Bolshoi Theater

Marko Korolevich

From the book Encyclopedia Slavic culture, writing and mythology author Kononenko Alexey Anatolievich

Marko Korolevich Epic hero of the South Slavs, who had historical prototype. After the death of his father, Marko Korolevich recognized his vassal dependence on the Turkish Sultan and thanks to this he retained his kingdom until his death. For people, living conditions in its

From the book Stervology. Technologies for happiness and success in career and love author Shatskaya Evgeniya

Tsar-prince, king-prince... A woman only needs one man to understand all men; a man can know all women and not understand any. Helen Rowland The more you live, the less confidence that the world is ruled by the reasonable, the good and the eternal. As a last resort

Prince Elisha

From book Fairy-tale heroes author Goldovsky Boris Pavlovich

Prince Elisha A type of Prince (see Prince). A real fairy-tale groom and hero. For the sake of his beloved, he performs various heroic deeds: he fights giants, snakes, and other evil spirits, looking for his betrothed at the end of the world, kissing her on the sugar

Bova Korolevich

From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia(BO) of the author TSB

41. Bova (Excerpt)

From the book Thought Armed with Rhymes [Poetic anthology on the history of Russian verse] author Kholshevnikov Vladislav Evgenievich

Tsar-prince, king-prince...

From the book School of Bitches - 2. Career - I made it! author Shatskaya Evgeniya

Tsar-prince, king-prince... The longer you live, the less confidence that the world is ruled by the reasonable, kind and eternal. At the very least, I agree to admit that this reasonable, kind and eternal person has constant fits of stupidity, evil and inexplicable whims. By

Bova Korolevich

A very common tale among the Russian people is about the valiant knight Bova Gvidonovich, who, having fled from home from his evil mother Militrisa Kirbityevna and stepfather King Dodon, ends up with King Zenziviy Andronovich and falls in love with his daughter Druzhevna. In her honor, he performs miracles of courage, defeating one entire army of contenders for Druzhevna’s hand - kings Markobrun and Lukoper Saltanovich. Thanks to the machinations of one envious courtier, B. finds himself in a number of dangerous adventures, and is saved only thanks to his courage, a treasure sword and a heroic horse, which no one except B. dares to mount. In his exploits, B. is not only a brave defender of Druzhevna, but also a champion of Christianity. Even when he is threatened with death, he does not want to give up Christianity and believe in the “Latin faith and God Akhmet.” Fate, however, favors B.; he manages to free Druzhevna from Markobrun and escape with her. He easily defeats the army sent against him by Markobrun, and with the hero Polkan (half-man, half-dog), armed against him, he enters into an alliance. But even after marrying Druzhevna B., trials await; he goes to take revenge on King Dodon for the murder of his father; At this time, Druzhevna is forced to hide as a seamstress for the daughter of King Saltan, Minchitrisa. B., having lost Druzhevna, wants to marry Minchitrisa, whom he converted to Christianity. But Druzhevna turns out to be alive, B. returns to her and to her two sons, Minchitrisa marries the son of Licharda, B.’s faithful servant. The tale of B. the prince belongs to the least studied narrative works of our folk literature. Despite the purely Russian names, she is undoubtedly of foreign origin. The source of the tale is the famous chronicle poem Reali di Francia, dating back to the 14th century. The poem is divided into 6 books, of which the 4th is dedicated to Buovo de Antona, the prototype of B. the prince. This part was subjected to countless revisions, of which the most remarkable are the northern French and Italian poetic poem about Buovo, which appeared around 1480 in Bologna and was in use until the 17th century. about 25 publications. The Russian fairy tale is adjacent to the Italian version, but it is difficult to determine with accuracy whether it was borrowed from the poem Buovo d'Antona or from the 4th book of Reali di Francia. The facts are conveyed in the same way as in the Italian novel, the names are partly conveyed with Russian pronunciation, partly changed against the Italian ones. So, B. corresponds to Buova, Guidon - Duke Guido d'Antoni, B. Simbalda's uncle - Sinebaldo, Dodon - Duodo di Maganza, Druzhevna - Drusiniana; but, on the other hand, Licharda, Guidon’s servant, is an unnamed envoy in the Italian text, Guidon’s wife is not Militrisa, but Brandoria, etc. d.

It is difficult to determine in what ways the Italian novel penetrated into Russia. A. N. Pypin in his “Essay on the Literary History of Old Russian Stories and Fairy Tales” stands for a direct transition, due to the fact that in the content and appearance of the tale there are no traces of extraneous processing noticeable in other stories and novels that came to us from the West. A significant change is noticeable only in the style - to Russian. The fairy tale took on the tone and details of the Russian fairy tale epic. Based on Russian copies of the tale of B. the Prince, one can judge its long-term circulation in Rus'. The lists of the 17th century are especially complete, closer to the spirit of the Italian original (in “Monuments of Ancient Writing” 1873, issue I, the text of B. Korolevich, borrowed from the handwritten collection of Publ. Bibl. of the end of the 17th century, is printed). They preserve the original meaning of the novel - the struggle between Christianity and Islam and clearly express in the person of B. the knightly ideal: courage, devotion to faith and his lady. The characters are depicted with the same certainty and some immobility: B. is the embodiment of virtue, Militrisa is the embodiment of deceit, Druzhevna is love and devotion. In later copies and in popular prints, the original edition is distorted: the religious character is completely lost sight of, the characters speak in an elaborate and vulgar language that does not correspond to their position, the sharp features in the characters are smoothed out.


Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - S.-Pb.: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907 .

See what “Bova Korolevich” is in other dictionaries:

    Bova the prince. Painting on the lid of the chest. Veliky Ustyug, XVII century. Bova Korolevich is a hero of Russian folklore, a heroic story, as well as numerous popular prints of the 16th century. The story is ... Wikipedia

    The hero of the Russian magical heroic story of the 17th century, and in the 18th century. popular folk tales(see Popular literature). * * * BOVA KOROLEVICH BOVA KOROLEVICH, the hero of the Russian magical heroic story, and from the end. 18th century popular folk tales (see Lubochnaya... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

    The hero of the Russian magical heroic story, and from the end. 18th century popular folk tales (see popular literature) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

    The hero of the Russian magical heroic story. Overcoming various obstacles, B.K. achieves the beautiful princess Druzhevna, performs feats, and shows miracles of courage. The Russian story about B.K. dates back to what arose in France in the era... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

    Bova the prince. Painting on the lid of the chest. Veliky Ustyug, XVII century. Bova Korolevich is a hero of Russian folklore, a heroic story, as well as numerous popular prints. The story goes back to the medieval French novel about the exploits... ... Wikipedia

    The history of Russian literature, for the convenience of viewing the main phenomena of its development, can be divided into three periods: I from the first monuments to Tatar yoke; II until the end of the 17th century; III to our time. In reality, these periods are not sharply... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

    This term has other meanings, see Polkan. Polkan. Painting on the lid of the chest. Veliky Ustyug, 17th century ... Wikipedia

    Bovo-Bukh- Le Bovo Bukh (Livre de Bovo; aussi connu sous le nom de Baba Buch, etc.), écrit en 1507 1508 par Élie Lévita, est le roman de chevalerie le plus populaire écrit en yiddish. Imprimé en 1541, c est le premier livre non religieux imprimé en… … Wikipédia en Français

    Oral folk poetry. Bibliography. W.l. before late XVIII V. Bibliography. W.l. first half of the 19th century Art. W.l. 60 90s W.l. late XIX and the beginning of the XX century. Bibliography. Ukr. Soviet literature. Oral folk poetry. &nbs... Literary encyclopedia

THE TALE OF BODY QUEEN, one of the works belonging to a whole complex of texts (from translated knightly romances to folk tales and painted popular prints) that existed in Russian culture and were united by a common hero.

The basis for the story was a French poetic novel of the 13th century. Buev from the city of Anston (Bueves d'Hanstone), extremely popular in medieval Europe. Italian version of the novel Bovo from Antone (Buovo d'Antone) in the 16th century. was translated into Serbian and Belarusian languages and became famous in Rus'. The Tale of Bova Korolevich stands among such works ancient Russian literature, How The story of the brave knight Francis Ventsian and the beautiful queen Renciven, story Guan, or irresistible loyalty, and The tale of the strong and glorious knight Eruslan Lazarevich about his courage and the unimaginable beauty of his wife Anastasia Vakhrameevna, having as their source a translated chivalric novel.

Initially, handwritten copies (lists) were in circulation, but already in the 60s of the 17th century. the first ones appeared printed publications Bovs, and from the beginning of the 18th century. the story about Bova becomes a plot for popular prints. There are two main versions of such splints: “full” with 32 sheets and “shortened” with 8 sheets. Later a popular book appeared The tale of the glorious and strong hero Bova Korolevich and his beautiful wife Druzhnevna. The popularity of the story is evidenced by the fact that until 1918 it went through more than 200 editions.

In the process of cultural adaptation, the text underwent significant changes: the genre was reduced, the Italian names of the characters became Russified: Bovo became Bova, Drusiana became Druzhnevna, Pulicane became Polkan.

The work, the events of which unfold in a conventional space, combines the features of both a knightly romance and a heroic fairy tale: the young Bova Korolevich, due to the betrayal of his mother Meletrisa Kirbitievna, loses his father and principality, the shipbuilders sell him to Prince Zenzevey. The handsome Bova falls in love with Druzhnevna, the daughter of Zenzevey, and for her sake he performs many feats. Bova embodies Russian features epic hero, a daring warrior who easily crushes enemies (so, without a sword, he beats the enemy army with a broom), and a valiant knight, following duty and love: being captured by Sultan Sultanovich, the hero does not betray the Christian faith and the beautiful Druzhnevna, on whom, Having freed himself, he marries. After some time, when Bova sets off to recapture his principality, Polkan, the hero’s younger named brother, half-man, half-horse, who guarded Bova’s wife and children, dies in a battle with attacking lions. Bova, thinking that his wife and children are dead, decides to marry again. But Druzhnevna sends children to him, whom he happily recognizes, and the family is reunited.

In Russian literature, attempts have been made repeatedly to create a work “based on” works about Bova Korolevich, but the work was interrupted each time. Unfinished Bova A.N. Radishchev, on which he worked in 1799, has the subtitle “ heroic story poems." The plot outline is taken from Italian version novel, however, the author introduces a number of humorous erotic scenes, inspired, by his own admission, by the writings of Voltaire. In Radishchev's variation on the theme Bovs There are a number of concepts used in Hermetic philosophy, which gives the text additional depth. Fairy tale by A.S. Pushkin Bova, in which he reworked a folk tale he heard in childhood, also remained unfinished.

Berenice Vesnina