Negative consequences of cultural globalization. B) imposition of a certain way of life

Cultural globalization is the convergence of business and consumer
cultures between different countries of the world and the growth of international communication. WITH
on the one hand, this leads to the popularization of certain species
national culture around the world. On the other hand, popular
international cultural phenomena may displace national or
turn them into international ones.

We believe that in the culture of each individual country, first of all
you need to create something unique. For example, in production it is never
play similarities with a more successful brand because it is not
rational. By creating a new concept, creators are more likely to achieve success.
We will talk about some of the consequences of cultural globalization that,
in our opinion, they are destroying culture as a whole.

So, the first consequence: Planting uniform standard consumption.

Scientists and critics believe that this moment worldwide with a single standard
consumption is the culture of America. The so-called process
“Americanization” dates back to the second half of the twentieth century, when
The US was just opening up large companies, now known by
to the whole world.

Second: Creating obstacles to the development of domestic production.

The example of Russia clearly shows that music, films and
literature plays according to the rules of trendsetters. Creating
"good Hollywood action" or "high-quality Western musical
product", no one will reach that level. An attempt to copy creates
overcrowding of identical images, making them more and more boring.

Third consequence: Ignoring economic and cultural-historical
specifics of development of different countries.

Some countries, especially poor ones, stop developing completely
independently, since their culture is often suppressed by the culture of more
developed and rich country. For example, road construction or reform
education introduced by a foreign country destroys the culture of the country, in
which such changes are made.

And finally, fourth: Loss of any specific features national
crops

Due to hasty attempts to accelerate the progress of cultural globalization, people
they are wasting their self-respect. The West offers surrogates for its
subcultures or hooks the population on pipe dreams about "beautiful"
life," forcing entire nations to centuries-old history Deny
one's own culture in favor of someone else's.

"People without national identity- there is manure on which
other peoples are growing."
© P.A. Stolypin

Thanks for your attention:3
Presentation is prepared by:
Lapin Yaroslav,
Antonov Stanislav,
Reshetnikov Bogdan,
Evgenia Brus,
Alexandra Pavlevskaya

Establish a correspondence between the manifestations and assessments of the consequences of globalization: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A	B	IN	G	D

Explanation.

Among the positive consequences of globalization are the following:

1. The world in the context of globalization is developing as an interconnected one, and the main principle of interaction between cultures is the principle of cultural pluralism.

2. Globalization obviously increases the density of information flow and gives a chance to different cultures to break out of their ethnic or national boundaries. A. I. Shendrick writes about this, referring to the works of K. Voltz and D. Held.

3. J. Stiglitz, laureate Nobel Prize 2001 on economics, notes that thanks to globalization, life expectancy has increased among many peoples of the world and their standard of living has increased.

4. Globalization has reduced the sense of isolation that was acute in developing countries and has given many of them access to knowledge and information.

5. Foreign assistance has brought benefits to many third world countries, which resulted in the creation of jobs, the development of irrigation systems, the promotion educational projects, projects to combat AIDS.

The following can be noted as the negative consequences of globalization:

1. The economic gap between developed and developing countries is not being smoothed out, but is deepening.

2. Global problems of our time do not disappear, but are replenished with new ones - such as the threat of terrorism, including nuclear terrorism, organized crime, new diseases like AIDS, a sharply worsened demographic situation and catastrophic unevenness in population density, leading to mass migration, which in turn Hyper-urbanization increases tension in certain, usually the most prosperous, regions.

3. Researchers note that since the global space is primarily mobile finance and intelligence, globalization acts as a process of withdrawal of its finances and intelligence. At the same time, as M. G. Delyagin notes, the progress of a more developed society comes at the expense of the degradation of what is being “mastered.” Understanding this process gave rise to the concept of “finished countries”, those that have finally lost both intellectual resources and the ability to produce them.

4. Sociocultural consequences of globalization: unification cultural worlds, destruction of basic values national cultures, dissemination and approval of North American popular culture as the leader culture among all post-cultures industrial society.

It is the negative consequences of globalization that have given rise to movements such as anti-globalism and alternative movements.

The latter emerged in the West in the 1970s. as diverse in structure and ideological principles political, cultural, religious movements and organizations that put forward alternative values, an alternative worldview, a political ideal and political culture. The first global event of anti-globalists was the “Battle for Seattle” in December 1999. Since then, all international economic forums have been accompanied by speeches by anti-globalists. Domestic anti-globalists insist on such a self-name as alter-globalism, emphasizing that they see their task “in developing a positive alternative to the currently dominant neoliberal capitalist model of globalization” and advocating “for integration in the interests of people, culture and nature, integration carried out from below and democratically."

Their program: opposition to the expansion of the World Trade Organization and the activities of the IMF and World Bank in developing countries, opposition to globalization as new form colonialism and the desire to create a more equitable global order.

A) imposing a single standard of consumption of globalization - negative consequences.

B) bringing peoples and states closer together - positive consequences.

B) imposition a certain image life - negative consequences.

D) stimulation economic development- positive consequences.

D) the emergence of sociocultural unity - positive consequences.

Answer: 21211.

Answer: 21211

In the modern world there is a significant strengthening of connections between by individuals, organizations and states, the interdependence between them is growing. Humanity is developing, expanding its connections and contacts. People are increasingly aware of themselves as a single community, where everyone is connected with many thousands of other people in all corners of the Earth.

Modern world in all its diversity is one, and its parts are closely interconnected.
Globalization - the process of integration of states and peoples into different areas activities.
Main reasons for globalization: transition from an industrial society to an information society, to high technology; transition from centralization of the economy to its decentralization; transition from national to global economy; transition from alternative choice (“either/or”) to variety of choice; use of new communication technologies: Internet, satellite television.

Globalization is a process during which mutual influence and interdependence of peoples and states increase.

Main directions of globalization : activities of transnational corporations with branches around the world; globalization of financial markets; international economic integration within individual regions; creation of international organizations in the economic and financial spheres: International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade Organization, etc.

The formation of a global economy gives rise to the interdependence of the economies of individual states. The success or crisis of countries has a tangible effect around the world. The authorities become powerless in front of global processes. This encourages different countries to join efforts to resolve socio-economic and political issues, for example, the expanding European Economic Community.
Consequences of the globalization process.

Positive:

Stimulating effect on the economy: - the emergence of the opportunity to create goods in those regions of the world where their production will be cheaper; — the emergence of the possibility of selling goods where it will give the maximum benefit; — reduction of production costs; - emergence of opportunities for further development production; — profit growth; — concentration of efforts on the development of new advanced technologies; — the fruits of scientific and technological progress can be used by countries that do not have the opportunity to conduct their own scientific and technical research;

Rapprochement of states;

Stimulating consideration of the interests of states and warning them against extreme actions in politics;

The emergence of the sociocultural unity of humanity.

Negative:

Implementation of a single standard of consumption;

Creating obstacles to the development of domestic production;

Ignoring the economic, cultural and historical specifics of the development of different countries;

Imposing a certain way of life, often contrary to the traditions of a given society;

Formalization of the idea of competition: the most economically powerful states strive for leadership, which leads to an explosion of nationalism in economically underdeveloped countries;

Loss of some specific features of national cultures.

On the issue of becoming one humanity There are the following points of view:

— The unity of humanity is only apparent. People speak thousands of languages, profess different religions, adhere to different values. The world is not at all united. It is diverse and many-sided.

— The modern world does not leave much room for diversity. Men in different corners planets eat the same foods, watch the same TV shows, read the same literature, etc. Existing differences must disappear due to the information revolution that is sweeping the whole world today.

— The world is united and diverse. The stronger the tendency towards unity, the more clearly the diversity of cultures, lifestyles, social values. One does not contradict the other. The unity of humanity complements its diversity.

Main Factors of Unity modern humanity and their consequences:
1) change in means of communication - almost all corners and regions of the planet have been connected into a single information flow;

2) change in transport - the speed of movement from one part of the world to another. The world has become accessible to movement;

3) character modern technology- the threat of destruction of all humanity is real;

4) economy - production, markets have become truly global, production ties have become the basis of the unity of modern humanity;

5) global problems - their solution is possible only through the joint efforts of the entire world community.

In the modern era, humanity is gaining not only anthropological unity - as a biological species, but also social - uniting into an integral global social system, and cultural - because in the interchange of achievements different cultures a single universal human culture is formed.

Anti-globalism, its causes and manifestations.

Anti-globalism- public and political movement, directed against certain aspects of the process globalization in its modern form, particularly against the dominance of global multinational corporations and trade and government organizations such as World Trade Organization (WTO).

The concept of globalization has entered into scientific circulation in the 90s of the XX century. There are many concepts that explain the nature of globalization, its essence and consequences. Globalization manifests itself in all major areas of life human society, in particular, it influences the formation of political institutions and the course of political processes at various levels. Consideration of the process of globalization is relevant, since globalization is the context of modern social development.

Against the backdrop of globalization changes, the end of the 90s of the XX century and beginning of XXI centuries were marked by a surge of activity public associations, called anti-globalist. These organizations defend the interests of various, and sometimes broad, sections of the population. They react to manifestations of, in their opinion, social injustice in various fields life of society in the context of globalization. They put forward their demands to national governments and international organizations affecting the situation of citizens. The anti-globalization movement differs from social movements of past years and in many ways represents new type political actor. The groups and associations that make up it have a unique organization. They use a relatively new tactic of social action. The movement puts forward alternatives modern forms social development.

For participants in the anti-globalization movement, the issue of developing a more or less consolidated constructive position is relevant. Joining forces public organizations The practice of social forums is intended to serve in the work on alternative socio-economic projects. The World Social Forum (WSF) became a central phenomenon in this area.

However, it is generally accepted that anti-globalism originated in France. In June 1998, several French publications, public associations and trade unions united to form the Association of Citizens for Taxation financial transactions, "ATTAC-France" (ATTAC - Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions for the Aid of Citizens). ATTAC's main demand is the establishment of a “Tobin Tax” (a tax proposed in 1972 by Nobel laureate James Tobin). Its essence is that 0.1% of all financial transactions is used to fight poverty and boost the economies of third world countries. In addition, the organization advocates debt relief for developing countries.

Presentation-simulator for preparing for the Unified State Exam in social studies in 2017-2018 academic year. Option 9.

Prepared by a teacher of history and social studies of the Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School of the village. Perekopnoye, Ershovsky district, Saratov region" named after Hero Soviet Union Kireeva V.I. Ermakov Ivan Alexandrovich

№

types

characteristics

Mass parties

Focused on the upcoming elections, formed around several leaders, strict permanent membership and individual participation status are usually absent

Answer:

№ 1.Write down the word missing in the table.

types

characteristics

Mass parties

Centralized, have a clear hierarchical structure, local and youth branches, conduct systematic work with voters

Focused on the upcoming elections, formed around several leaders, strict permanent membership and individual participation status are usually absent

Types political parties according to the method of organization.

Answer: personnel.

№ 2.

Answer:

№ 2.

In the row below, find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts presented. Write down this word (phrase).

Ethnos; professional group; small group; large group; social group.

Answer: social group.

№ 3.

Answer:

№ 3.

Below is a list of actions. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to taxpayer rights in the Russian Federation.

Pay legally established taxes; 2) keep records of your income (expenses) in the prescribed manner; 3) receive from tax authorities free information about current taxes; 4) receive timely credit for amounts overpaid; 5) use tax benefits in the manner prescribed by law; 6) demand compliance with tax secrecy.

Find two terms that “fall out” from general series, and write down the numbers under which it is indicated in the table.

Answer: 1 2.

№ 4.

Answer

№ 4.

Select correct judgments about the culture and its varieties and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

Cultural achievements are a product of the spiritual activity of people of a certain era.
Content elite culture determined by the aspirations and needs that make up the life of the majority of the population.
The achievements of culture embody the results of people's material activities.
Works folk culture are usually anonymous.
Commercial gain is the goal of creating works of elite art

Answer: 1 3 4.

№ 5.

Manifestations

positive consequences
Negative consequences

Answer: AB C D D

№ 5.

Manifestations

A) imposing a single standard of consumption

B) rapprochement of peoples and states

B) imposition of a certain way of life

D) stimulation of economic development

D) the emergence of the sociocultural unity of humanity

Assessments of the consequences of globalization

positive consequences
Negative consequences

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

2 1 2 1 1

№ 6.

Questioning classmates
Proposing a hypothesis
Formulation of conclusions

Answer:

№ 6.

The student performs project work in social studies: conducts micro-research about the cultural preferences of classmates. Find methods in the list below that match empirical level scientific knowledge. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

Questioning classmates
Observing the behavior of classmates
Description appearance classmates
Identifying patterns of behavior
Proposing a hypothesis
Formulation of conclusions

Answer: 1 2 3.

№ 7.

Answer:

№ 7.

Choose the correct judgments about the financial institutions of the Russian Federation and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

central bank RF - national a bank that issues money and is the center of the country's financial and credit system.
All financial institutions accept contributions/deposits.
Pension funds specialize in financing the sale of consumer goods in installments and issuing consumer loans.
The Central Bank of the Russian Federation sets the key rate.
Financial institutions provide funds transfer and loan services.

Answer: 1 4 5.

№ 8.

Examples

D) retraining of workers

Factors of economic growth

intensive
extensive

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

№ 8.

Match the examples with the economic growth factors they illustrate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Examples

A) construction of new enterprises

B) replacing outdated equipment with more modern ones

C) increasing the number of service personnel

D) retraining of workers

D) expansion of cultivated areas

Factors of economic growth

intensive
extensive

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

2 1 2 1 2

№ 9.

goods market
local market
oligopoly
national market
excess production

Answer:

№ 9.

In town Z, many companies supply household chemicals to stores, including both large manufacturers and small businesses. Find the characteristics of this market in the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

goods market
local market
oligopoly
national market
excess production
pure (perfect) competition

Answer: 1 2 6.

№ 10.

4) reduction in energy prices

Answer:

№ 10.

The graph shows the change in the supply of bananas on the market. P is the price of the product, Q is the quantity of the product. Which factors could cause such a change?

increase in consumer income
increase in customs duties on banana imports
providing preferential loans to banana sellers

4)decrease in energy prices

5) banana harvest failure in producing countries

Answer: 2 5.

№ 11.

Answer:

№ 11.

Choose the correct judgments about the family and its types and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

A family is considered to be any group of people who share common interests.
Families of the democratic (partnership) type are characterized by the interchangeability of spouses in performing household duties.
A family of the traditional (patriarchal) type is characterized by the economic dependence of the woman on the man.
A nuclear family consists of a married couple and their children.
A family of a democratic (partnership) type is characterized by the assignment of all household responsibilities.

Answer: 2 3 4.

№

Answer:

№ 12. During the survey, citizens of country Z were asked: “Where do you usually buy clothes and shoes?”

Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

The share of those who buy clothes and shoes in an online store among those who have completed secondary education is greater than among those who have completed higher education.
Equal shares of respondents who have completed secondary education buy clothes and shoes in shopping centers and specialized stores.
The share of those who buy clothes and shoes at clothing markets is greater among those who have received secondary education than among those who have received higher education.
Among those with higher education, the share of those who buy clothes and shoes in mall, is greater than the share of those who buy clothes and shoes at clothing markets.
Equal shares of respondents from each group found it difficult to answer.
Answer: 3 4 5.

№ 13.

Answer:

№ 13.

Choose the correct judgments about democracy, its basic values and characteristics and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

Democracy recognizes the people as the sole and supreme source of government power.
Signs of democracy include government control over private life citizens.
State power in a democracy can be considered legitimate if its formation and existence is supported by the people in accordance with the norms.
Democracy recognizes the unconditional priority of the interests of the individual over the interests of the state.
Democracy is characterized by the dominance of the ideology of one party in the political arena.

Answer: 1 3 4.

№ 14.

Questions

B) money issue

B) amnesty and pardon

Subjects of power of the Russian Federation

only federal center
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

№ 14.

Establish a correspondence between the issues and the subjects of government of the Russian Federation to whose jurisdiction they relate: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Questions

A) ensuring public safety

B) money issue

B) amnesty and pardon

D) federal state property and its management

D) general issues upbringing, education, science

Subjects of power of the Russian Federation

only federal center
federal center and constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

2 1 1 1 2

№ 15.

nationwide
democratic
traditional
authoritarian
regional
charismatic

Answer:

№ 15.

A. was elected governor of region Z. He devotes great attention protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, development of civil society institutions. In communication he is friendly and open to criticism. Which of the following characterizes the type of political leadership described in this situation? Write down the numbers under which the correct characteristics are indicated.

nationwide
democratic
traditional
authoritarian
regional
charismatic

Answer: 2 5.

№ 16.

Answer:

№ 16.

Find in the list below the constitutional duties of a citizen of the Russian Federation and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

caring for your minor children
holding meetings, rallies, demonstrations
preservation of historical and cultural heritage
appeal to government authorities
access to public service

Answer: 1 3.

№ 17.

Answer:

№ 17.

Choose the correct statements about family law and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

The subjects of family law are only children and parents.
The objects of family law are raising children, paying alimony, and managing property.
Family law determines the forms and procedure for placing children without parental care into families.
Family law regulates personal non-property and property relations arising in the process of creating wealth.
Each of the spouses is free to choose their occupation, profession, place of stay and residence.

Answer: 2 3 5.

№ 18.

Functions

Government bodies

prosecutor's office
police

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

№ 18.

Establish a correspondence between functions and government agencies who carry them out: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Functions

A) fighting street crime

B) control over compliance with the law by all participants public life

B) making a decision or sentence

D) supervision over the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms

D) permission legal disputes between firms

Government bodies

prosecutor's office
police

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

3 2 1 2 1

№ 19.

Answer:

№ 19.

The organizational and legal form of a company providing shoe and bag repair services is a production cooperative. Find in the list below the features that distinguish a production cooperative from a joint-stock company, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

Unites several craftsmen who are personally involved in the provision of services
Obligation of employees to comply with labor discipline
Receiving dividends at the end of the year
Participation of employees in enterprise management
Mandatory conclusion employment contract with employees
Distribution of profits between employees in accordance with their labor participation

Answer: 1 6.

№ 20.

List of words:

sociology

Answer: A B C D E E

№ 20.

Read the text below, in which a number of words (phrases) are missing. Select from the list of words (phrases) that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“Globalization is a subject of study for all social sciences: philosophy,___(A), political science, cultural studies, law, etc. Factors of globalization include the development of transnational companies and______(B). Market competition has a huge impact on modern globalization processes, not only on _____(B), but also on a global scale. The main means of competition - reducing costs, improving the quality and _____ (G) of goods and services - are becoming the “engine” of globalization. On _______ (D) globalization is manifested in the increasing interdependence of national economies and the intensification of international economic relations. On__(E)globalization causes a change in the strategy of firms.”

List of words:

macro level 6) expansion of assortment
legal entity 7) mathematics
micro level 8) national market
promotion wages 9) financial group
sociology

Answer: A B C D E E

5 9 8 6 1 3

Part 2.

Read the text and complete tasks 21-24.

Let us now try to determine what has been achieved as a result of the action of the mechanism of supply and demand. The limited number of goods available in society is distributed among their possible consumers. Who made this distribution? Any control? Committee? No, this allocation is carried out by a competitive price mechanism operating like an auctioneer. This was a “wallet distribution.”

Part 2.

The question: for whom are the goods intended? - has already been partially clarified, because the goods went to those who were willing to pay for them. If you didn't have them, then you were left without wheat. If you had money votes, but you chose not to spend them on wheat, then this means that you did without it. The most urgent need for goods was satisfied if it was supported by cash.

Part 2.

At the same time, a partial answer was given to the question: what should be produced? The increase in market price served as a signal that prompted producers to increase the supply of wheat. At the same time, it was also a signal for human and other limited resources to flow from other areas into the wheat industry.

Along the way, a partial answer was given even to the question: how to produce? Because with the high price of wheat, farmers are able to buy expensive tractors and fertilizers and use less fertile areas of land.

Part 2.

Why do we use the word “partially” throughout here? Because the wheat market described above is only one of many markets. We also need to take into account what is happening in the corn and rye markets; more higher value, undoubtedly has what is happening in the fertilizer, labor and tractor markets. The pricing problem involves interdependent markets, not just “partial equilibrium” in a single market.

Part 2.

The attentive reader need not be reminded again that a competitive market presents goods to those who have the votes, and that it does so very efficiently. But the distribution of money votes depends on what price, under conditions of competition or imperfect competition, you sell your labor and property in the market for factors of production; moreover, it largely depends on, firstly, how lucky you are, secondly, how lucky your parents and in-laws were, and thirdly, what are the advantages and disadvantages of ... the qualifications acquired.

(P. Samuelson)

№ 21.

How did the mechanism of supply and demand answer the basic questions of economics? Using the text, provide questions and briefly formulate appropriate answers.

№ 21.

Answer:

For whom are the goods intended? - the goods went to those who were willing to pay for them;
What should be produced? - goods for which the market price has increased/high;
How to produce? – the price of a product determines the possibility of attracting more/less expensive production factors/resources.

№ 22.

What two functions of competition are discussed in the text? Using social science knowledge, indicate one other function of competition not discussed in the text.

№ 22.

Answer:

two functions:

- regulation of the activities of economic entities;

-effective use of available economic resources;

2) another function not mentioned in the text: sanitizing.

№ 23.

What reason for wage differences is given in the text? Indicate any two other reasons and, using facts of social life, illustrate each of them with an example.

№ 23.

Answer:

advantages and disadvantages of acquired qualifications;
-the burden of labor (for example, labor in the regions of the North, in unfavorable natural conditions is paid higher than similar work in regions with a more favorable climate);

Employee's responsibility for final result(for example, an ordinary employee of an organization receives less for his work than the manager of a large project or a top manager of the organization);

Length of working day (for example, the work of a part-time employee is paid lower than the work of a similar specialist under full-time conditions).

№ 24.

The author argues that the pricing problem involves interconnected markets and not just a single market situation. Using the text and social studies knowledge, provide three explanations for this statement.

№ 24.

Answer:

the price of a product takes into account production costs, and they are associated with the acquisition of resources in interconnected markets;
the price of the product takes into account the situation on financial markets, well national currency and so on.
the price of a product takes into account the situation in the markets of complementary goods and services.

№ 25.

What meaning do social scientists put into the concept of “channels”? social mobility"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, compose two sentences: one sentence containing information about existing channels of social mobility, and one sentence revealing the connection between the processes of social mobility and the democratization of society.

№ 25.

Answer:

The meaning of the concept: the paths (methods) along which people move from one social groups to others;
The most important channels of social mobility are: education, the army, marriage, political, economic and professional organizations;
In a democratic society there are no social barriers that are insurmountable for citizens, so everyone, exercising their rights and freedoms, can take a social position that suits them.

№ 26.

Give three examples illustrating the exercise by citizens of political rights and freedoms. First, name the right (freedom), and then give an example of its implementation.

№ 26.

Answer:

the right to elect and be elected to government bodies and local government(for example, citizen A. nominated himself for the election of mayor of the city);
the right to hold meetings, rallies, and processions peacefully, without weapons (for example, freedom of assembly; for example, city residents organized a rally against the cutting down of a park and the construction of a shopping and entertainment center in its place;
the right to association (for example, citizen R. Attends meetings held by the leader of the Communist Party).

№ 27.

During summer holidays 17-year-old schoolboy Pavel decided to get a job as a night watchman in kindergarten. But the employer refused to hire Pavel. Are the employer's actions legal? Explain your answer. Name any two features of labor regulation for workers under 18 years of age.

№ 27.

Answer:

The employer's actions are lawful;
The Labor Code prohibits the employment of persons under the age of 18 at night;
Two features: employee under 18 years of age:

- hired without a probationary period;

Subject to mandatory medical examination, upon entry to work must provide a certificate of health;

-cannot work at night;

Cannot carry or move weights exceeding the limits established for adolescents (for boys - 20 kg, for girls - 7 kg);

-has the right to a shortened working week.

№ 28.

You will have to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “ Scientific knowledge" Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

№ 28.

Answer:

Scientific knowledge is one of the types of knowledge of the world.
Goals of scientific knowledge.
Features of scientific knowledge:

a) striving for objectivity;

b) Special language including special terms, strictly defined concepts, symbols;

c) special procedures for checking results.

4. Levels of scientific knowledge:

a) empirical knowledge;

b) theoretical knowledge.

5. Methods of scientific knowledge:

a) scientific observation;

b) description;

c) classification;

d) scientific experiment;

e) thought experiment;

f) putting forward hypotheses;

and) scientific modeling and etc.

6. System of sciences.

References.

Single State exam. Social science. Typical exam options. O.A.Kotova, T.E. Lisova. Publishing house National education. Moscow. 2018

4. The influence of globalization on modern Russian culture.

The modern world in all its diversity is one, and its parts are closely interconnected.

Globalization is the process of integration of states and peoples in different fields of activity, during which the mutual influence and interdependence of peoples and states increases.

Main reasons for globalization:

– Transition from an industrial society to an information society, to high technologies

– Use of new communication technologies: Internet, satellite television

– Transition from alternative choice (“either/or”) to multiple choice

– Transition from centralization of the economy to its decentralization

– Transition from a national economy to a global one

Main directions of globalization

Activities of transnational corporations

Globalization of financial markets

Globalization of migration processes

Move information instantly

International economic integration within individual regions

Creation of international organizations in the economic and financial spheres: International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade Organization, etc.

Consequences of the globalization process

Positive

1. Stimulating effect on the economy:

The emergence of the opportunity to create goods in those regions of the world where their production will be cheaper;

The emergence of the possibility of selling goods where it will provide the maximum benefit;

Reduced production costs;

The emergence of opportunities for further development of production;

Profit growth;

Concentration of efforts on the development of new advanced technologies;

The fruits of scientific and technological revolution can be used by countries that do not have the opportunity to conduct their own scientific and technical research.

2. Rapprochement of states

3. Stimulating consideration of the interests of states and warning them against extreme actions in politics

4. The emergence of the sociocultural unity of humanity

Negative:

– Implementation of a single standard of consumption

– Creating obstacles to the development of domestic production

– Ignoring the economic, cultural and historical specifics of the development of different countries

– Imposition of a certain way of life, often contrary to the traditions of a given society

– Formalization of the idea of competition: the most economically powerful states strive for leadership, which leads to an explosion of nationalism in economically underdeveloped countries

– Loss of some specific features of national cultures

5. “Global problems” (the term appeared in the late 1960s - a set of problems of humanity that faced it in the second half of the 20th century and on the solution of which the existence of civilization depends.

6. These problems are global because:

affect all humanity;

manifest themselves as an objective factor in the development of society;

urgently require a solution;

involve international cooperation between different countries (cannot be solved in one single country);

The future fate of civilization depends on their decision.

7. Reasons global problems:

the active transformative nature of human activity;

contradictions and conflicts are becoming global from local ones due to the growing interdependence of humanity.

Main (priority) global problems

The problem of peace and disarmament, preventing a new world war

Demographic

Overcoming the backwardness of developing countries

Food

Raw materials

Energy

Ecological

Use of the World Ocean

World space exploration

All global problems are interconnected. It is impossible to solve each of them separately: humanity must solve them together, for the sake of preserving life on the planet.

Main directions for resolving global problems

– Formation of a new planetary consciousness. Education of a person on the principles of humanism. Widely informing people about global issues.

– Comprehensive study of the causes and contradictions, conditions leading to the emergence and aggravation of problems

– Concentration of efforts of all countries to solve global problems. Cooperation is necessary in creating the latest environmental technologies, a common world center for the study of global problems, a common fund of funds and resources, and information exchange.

– Taking international cooperation to a new qualitative level

– Observation and control of global processes on the planet. Obtaining objective information from each country and international research is necessary for forecasting and decision-making.

A clear international forecasting system.

Cultural globalization is characterized by the convergence of business and consumer culture between different countries of the world and the growth of international communication. On the one hand, this leads to the popularization of certain types of national culture around the world. On the other hand, popular international cultural phenomena can displace national ones or turn them into international ones. Many regard this as a loss of national cultural values and are fighting for the revival of national culture.

Modern films are released simultaneously in many countries around the world, books are translated and become popular among readers from different countries. The ubiquity of the Internet plays a huge role in cultural globalization. In addition, international tourism is becoming more and more widespread every year.

The World Values Survey, which analyzed 65 countries and 75% of the world's population, showed that core cultural values persist despite globalization. Moreover, traditional values, changed under the influence of globalization and modernization, can be restored.

Americanization

Globalization is often identified with Americanization, which is associated with the increasing influence of the United States in the world in the second half of the 20th century. Hollywood produces most of its films for worldwide distribution. World corporations have their origins in the USA: Microsoft, Intel, AMD, Coca-Cola, Apple, Procter&Gamble, Pepsi and many others. McDonald's, due to its prevalence in the world, has become a kind of symbol of globalization. Comparing prices in different countries for a BigMac sandwich from a local McDonald's restaurant, The magazine The Economist analyzes the purchasing power of different currencies (Big Mac Index).

Although McDonald's often symbolizes globalization, upon closer inspection the menu of these eateries takes into account local customs and very often includes a wide variety of local dishes. For example, in Hong Kong it is Shogunburger (pork teriyaki with salad on a sesame bun), in India - Makalu Tikkiburger, a vegetarian burger with potatoes, peas and spices, McShaverma in Israel, McArabia in Saudi Arabia and so on. Many other international corporations, such as Coca-Cola, do the same.

However, other countries also contribute to globalization. For example, one of the symbols of globalization - IKEA - appeared in Sweden. The popular instant messaging service ICQ was first released in Israel, and the famous IP telephony program Skype was developed by Estonian programmers.