Advanced technologies in arts and crafts. Application of innovative technologies in arts and crafts classes

New directions in arts and crafts techniques

(abstract)

Executor:

Fomina Elena Valerievna

additional education teacher

MBU DO TsDT Mezhdurechensk

Kemerovo 2015

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..3

New techniques in the areas of decorative and applied creativity…………………………………………………………………………………........6
Model of the program for decorative and applied arts of the association “Ribbon Miracle”...................................................... ...............................13

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….....15

References……………………………………………………………16

Applications………………………………………………………………………………17

Introduction

Seeing the beauty of objects of decorative and applied art, trying to make them with your own hands, isn’t that important, isn’t that interesting?

V.A. Sukhomlinsky wrote that “a child by nature is an inquisitive researcher, a discoverer of the world. So let a wonderful world open before him in living colors, bright and vibrant sounds, in fairy tales and games, in his own creativity, in the desire to do good to people. Through a fairy tale, fantasy, play, through unique children’s creativity - the right path to a child’s heart.” In my opinion, the arts and crafts course meets these requirements.

Oddly enough, handicrafts are becoming as relevant today as they were in the past. But the reasons for this have changed. We can say that previously handicrafts were done “out of poverty,” due to a shortage, a lack of things. Today the picture is completely different: an oversupply of a seemingly large assortment of goods. But the quality and aesthetic side leave much to be desired.

As a rule, with a creative approach, a thing made with your own hands turns out to be individual, non-standard, special, unique. We make something that cannot be bought, something that no one else has but us. This product contains a piece of our heart, it is an expression of our individuality, it is our creativity. Individuality is very important in an era of standards, globalization and the desire of culture to simplify human needs. For a teenager, this is important during the period of identification and self-determination.

In addition, having mastered additional abilities, he receives support in the external environment. This is an assessment from peers and competent adults. This can be facilitated by the participation of children in festivals, competitions, exhibitions not only in their city, but also in the regions of Russia.

Introduction to manual labor is important from another point of view. Due to progress, manual labor is disappearing from our lives. The mass flow and easy availability of things shapes the consumer. You can learn to respect working people, to treat handmade things with care, and to the ancient traditions of masters only through your own work. In addition, practicing applied arts based on folk culture can affect a child’s self-determination in the future. This can develop into a profession, or become a hobby, which is also important.

Manual labor is an effective “gymnastic apparatus” for the development of a child’s intellect and psyche. It is practical activity that allows him to “translate” complex abstract actions from the internal (invisible) plane to the external (visible), making them more understandable.

Children are involved with interest in different types of work that do not require expensive equipment or raw materials, but are varied and contain elements of creativity, which brings them closer to applied art. What is also attractive is that they give children the opportunity to go through the entire labor process from the beginning to the production of the final product, as well as freedom in choosing the type of activity.

Everything that surrounds man, with the exception of the creations of nature itself, has been created over thousands of years by human hands. Our planet is like a giant fantastic museum of eternity, the main exhibits of which are inspiration, work, and craftsmanship. To decorate your home, you can do something with your own hands. For example, cross-stitched paintings, or baskets and panels woven from paper.

The system of aesthetic influence on the individual is carried out through art, which should penetrate into all spheres of children's life and actively participate in the formation of the worldview of the younger generation, their ideas about life, morality, intelligence, and aesthetic properties of the individual.

It is the arts and crafts that enable a child to systematically develop his senses and creative abilities, expand his ability to enjoy beauty and create it. The student is introduced to the world of beauty, he is shown what can be borrowed from nature and brought into everyday life, making the interior of the apartment and clothes unique. In the process of becoming familiar with the types of creative arts, instill in children a creative attitude to work, respect for folk traditions, and aesthetic taste.

1. New techniques in the areas of decorative and applied art.

Currently, there are many arts and crafts techniques,they are quite exciting, interesting and simple.

Having studied the selected literature and Internet resources and never ceasing to be surprised and admired by the variety of applied creativity techniques and the talent of our people, we identified several new techniques.

Techniques related to the use of paper:1. Iris folding (“Rainbow folding”) is a paper folding technique. Appeared in Holland. The technique requires attention and accuracy, but at the same time it allows you to easily make spectacular cards or decorate the pages of a memorable album (scrapbooking) with interesting decorative elements. (Annex 1)

2. Paper plastic art is very similar to sculpture in terms of creativity. But, in paper plastic, all products inside are empty, all products are shells of the depicted object. And in sculpture, either the volume is increased with additional elements, or the excess is removed (cut off). (Annex 1)

3. Corrugated tubes - this is the name of a technique for making products in which tubes of corrugated paper are used to decorate surfaces or to create three-dimensional figures. Corrugated tubes are obtained by winding a strip of paper onto a stick, pencil or knitting needle and then compressing it. The compressed corrugated tube holds its shape well and has many options for design and use. (Annex 1)

4. Quilling (from the English quilling - from the word quil “bird feather”) - the art of paper rolling. Originated in medieval Europe, where nuns created medallions by twisting paper strips with gilded edges onto the tip of a bird's feather, creating an imitation of a gold miniature. (Annex 1)

5. Papier-mâché (French papier-mâché “chewed paper”) is an easily moldable mass obtained from a mixture of fibrous materials (paper, cardboard) with adhesives, starch, gypsum, etc. Plasters and masks are made from papier-mâché , teaching aids, toys, theatrical props, boxes. In some cases, even furniture.In Fedoskino, Palekh, Kholui, papier-mâché is used to make the basis for traditional lacquer miniatures.You can decorate a papier-mâché blank not only with paints, painting like famous artists, but using decoupage or assemblage. (Annex 1)

6. Scrapbooking, scrapbooking (English scrapbooking: scrap - scrapping, book - book, literally “book of scrapbooks”) is a type of handicraft art that consists of making and decorating family or personal photo albums.This type of creativity is a way of storing personal and family history in the form of photographs, newspaper clippings, drawings, notes and other memorabilia, using a unique way of preserving and communicating individual stories using special visual and tactile techniques instead of the usual story. The main idea of scrapbooking is to preserve photographs and other mementos of events for a long time for future generations.A specially decorated photo album consists of separate sheets, each of which represents a complete thought expressed in a photo collage. Typically, such an album covers one topic: a wedding, an anniversary, the birth of a child, a vacation at sea, and so on.It should be noted that scrapbooking is not limited to the creation of classic albums; in the collections of scrapbooking masters there are also accordion albums, albums in the form of houses, albums in the form of boxes/baskets, and even individual postcards (the so-called cardmaking or cardmaking, English cardmaking, lit. "making postcards") There is also the so-called “digital scrapbooking”, which uses various software computing tools to design and decorate photographs (universal graphic editors or specialized software designed for processing photographs and framing them with frames of various types and shapes).The work of creating albums is simplified by a variety of templates, blanks of various shapes, using various types of fastenings (rings, tapes, springs). You can make a blank yourself by cutting it out of thick cardboard in the form of silhouettes of a heart, castle, house, flower and other decorative elements. (Annex 1)

Weaving techniques:Man learned weaving much earlier than pottery. At first, he wove a dwelling from long flexible branches (roofs, fences, furniture), all kinds of baskets for various needs (cradles, boxes, carts, scoops, baskets) and shoes. A man learned to braid his hair.With the development of this type of needlework, more and more different materials for use appeared. It turned out that you can weave from everything you come across: from vines and reeds, from ropes and threads, from leather and birch bark, from wire and beads, from newspapers.... Weaving techniques such as wicker weaving, weaving from birch bark and reeds appeared. , tatting, knotted macrame weaving, bobbin weaving, bead weaving, ganutel, kumihimo cord weaving, chainmail weaving, net weaving, Indian mandala weaving, their imitations (weaving from paper strips and candy wrappers, weaving from newspapers and magazines)...As it turned out, this type of needlework is still popular, because using it, you can weave many beautiful and useful things, decorating our home with them.

1. Beading, like beads themselves, has a centuries-old history. The ancient Egyptians were the first to learn how to weave beaded threads into necklaces, thread bracelets, and cover women's dresses with beaded nets. But only in the 19th century the real flourishing of bead production began. For a long time, the Venetians carefully guarded the secrets of creating a glass miracle. Masters and craftswomen decorated clothes and shoes, wallets and handbags, cases for fans and eyeglass cases, as well as other elegant things with beads.With the advent of beads in America, indigenous people began to use them instead of traditional Indian materials. For ritual belt, cradle, headband, basket, hair net, earrings, snuff boxes...In the Far North, fur coats, high fur boots, hats, reindeer harnesses, leather sunglasses were decorated with bead embroidery...Our great-grandmothers were very inventive. Among the huge variety of elegant trinkets there are amazing items. Chalk brushes and covers, toothpick cases (!), inkwell, penpick and pencil, collar for your favorite dog, cup holder, lace collars, Easter eggs, chessboards and much, much, much more. (Annex 1)

2. Ganutel - exclusive Maltese handicraft. It was in the monasteries of the Mediterranean that this technique of creating beautiful flowers to decorate the altar was still preserved.The ganuteli uses thin spiral wire and silk threads to wrap the parts, as well as beads, pearls or seed beads. Brilliant flowers turn out graceful and light.In the 16th century, spiral wire made of gold or silver was called “canutiglia” in Italian, and “canutillo” in Spanish; in Russian, this word was probably transformed into “gimp”. (Annex 1)

Techniques related to painting, various types of painting and image creation:Drawing is a genre in the visual arts and a corresponding technique that creates a visual image (image) on any surface or object using graphic means, drawing elements (as opposed to pictorial elements), primarily from lines and strokes.For example: charcoal drawing, pencil drawing, ink and pen drawing...Painting is a type of fine art associated with the transmission of visual images through the application of paints to a solid or flexible base; creating an image using digital technology; as well as works of art made in such ways.The most common works of painting are those made on flat or almost flat surfaces, such as canvas stretched on a stretcher, wood, cardboard, paper, treated wall surfaces, etc. Painting also includes images made with paints on decorative and ceremonial vessels , the surfaces of which can have a complex shape.

1. Stained glass (lat. Vitrum - glass) is one of the types of decorative art. Glass or other transparent material is the main material. The history of stained glass begins in ancient times. Initially, glass was inserted into a window or doorway, then the first mosaic paintings and independent decorative compositions, panels made of colored pieces of glass or painted with special paints on plain glass appeared. (Annex 1)

2. Thread graphics (isothread, thread image, thread design) - a graphic image made in a special way with threads on cardboard or other solid base. Thread graphics are also sometimes called isographics or embroidery on cardboard. You can also use velvet (velvet paper) or thick paper as a base. The threads can be ordinary sewing, wool, floss or others. You can also use colored silk threads. (Annex 1)

3. Encaustic (from ancient Greek “the art of burning”) is a painting technique in which wax is the binder of paint. Painting is done with melted paints (hence the name). A type of encaustic painting is wax tempera, characterized by its brightness and richness of colors. Many early Christian icons were painted using this technique. (Annex 1)

Techniques related to sewing, embroidery and fabric use:Sewing is a colloquial form of the verb “to sew”, i.e. something that is sewn or stitched.

1.Embroidery.The embroidery is multifaceted - a simple cross and a Bulgarian cross, artistic, Russian, straight and oblique satin stitch, hardanger, temari, tapestry, Punch Needle (carpet embroidery), ribbon embroidery, stitching, gold embroidery, Vladimir Verkhoshov, colored weave, decorative seams, hemstitching, rocking chairs, cafasor, grain output, pricking, typing, cutting, cutwork, imitation cutting, surface, bottom, double-sided stamping, counted, Chinese, hand fillet and guipure embroidery.The "punch needle" technique is thread pulling or carpet embroidery. (Annex 1)2. Patchwork, Quilt, Quilting or Patchwork is a folk arts and crafts art with centuries-old traditions and stylistic features. This is a technique that uses pieces of colorful fabrics or knitted elements in geometric shapes to join together in a blanket, blouse or bag.

Artichoke is a type of patchwork that gets its name due to its resemblance to artichoke fruit. This technique has other names - “teeth”, “corners”, “scales”, “feathers”.By and large, in this technique it all comes down to folding the cut out parts and sewing them onto the base in a certain sequence. Or, using paper, create (pasting) various panels of a round (or multifaceted) shape on a plane or in volume.You can sew in two ways: direct the edge of the blanks to the center of the main part, or to its edges. This is if you sew a flat product. For products of a volumetric nature - with the tip towards the narrower part. The folded parts are not necessarily cut in the shape of squares. These can be rectangles or circles. In any case, we encounter the folding of cut-out blanks, therefore, it can be argued that these patchwork techniques belong to the family of patchwork origami, and since they create volume, then, therefore, to the “3d” technique. (Annex 1)

3. Tsumami Kanzashi. The Tsumami technique is based on origami. Only they fold not paper, but squares of natural silk. The word "Tsumami" means "to pinch": the artist takes a piece of folded silk using tweezers or tweezers. The petals of future flowers are then glued onto the base.The hairpin (kanzashi), decorated with a silk flower, gave its name to a whole new type of decorative and applied art. This technique was used to make decorations for combs and individual sticks, as well as for complex structures made up of various accessories.

This is not the entire list of new trends in arts and crafts techniques, because time does not stand still, and people involved in this area are finding more and more interesting ideas for creativity. (Annex 1)

2. Model of the program for decorative and applied arts of the “Ribbon Miracle” association.

Nowadays, kanzashi elements are used to decorate hair accessories, photo frames, photo albums, as brooches, to create wall panels, etc.

We used this type of needlework in classes at the Ribbon Miracle association. The program was designed for one year of study.

The program involves the development of children's artistic taste and creative abilities. In additional education, this type of arts and crafts is not widespread, so there was a need to write an additional educational program. The program includes material that can be mastered by children of different ages in one place and at one time. The activities of Kanzashi children open up the opportunity for deep and meaningful creativity. Rational-intuitive actions performed with the ribbon allow the child to simultaneously fold “something” out of fabric with his hands and solve problems of a different nature, find a way out of the current situation by using his mind.

A distinctive feature of the program is that the result of each student’s lesson is immediately visible. How many activities - so many products. Children take all the works with them as souvenirs, and they have the opportunity to give them to their loved ones, friends, and acquaintances. Thus, they receive assessment of their work not only by the teacher, but also by the people around them. And this stimulates their development.

Thus, kanzashi is not just a technology for making flower decorations, but also a full-fledged type of decorative and applied art that promotes the development of a creative personality.

The result of the implementation of this educational program was exhibitions of children's works, the use of crafts and souvenirs as gifts for family and friends, friends, teachers, etc.; decoration of the hall for festive events, production of products for decorating the interior of your own home.

The age of the children participating in the implementation of this educational program is 10-15 years, but based on work experience, older children successfully mastered the program. The girls enjoyed making jewelry for themselves and their loved ones, some even sold their products. Four girls participated in a scientific and practical conference, writing a project called “Possibilities of a satin ribbon. Japanese art “kanzashi” today”, where they took third prize. Throughout the year, we took part in competitions at various levels and won prizes.

(Appendix 2)

Conclusion

By teaching children creativity, we not only give children knowledge, skills and abilities, but also create conditions for successful learning, for the preservation and enhancement of traditional artistic values, for the formation of a morally healthy personality of the child, improving our pedagogical experience, using various innovations.

Everything new in creativity is always interesting for children. A variety of techniques, methods, and means makes the educational process exciting, develops freedom of activity, imagination and fantasy. The child goes through a path of learning, starting with the uniqueness of folk art and ending with modern forms of decorative and applied art. The works are varied in their execution, rich in new images, but consistent in a certain artistic style.

The use of new techniques allows children to develop an original way of expression and resourcefulness in finding solutions to assigned problems. As a result of such searches and discoveries, children's activities become free, joyful and successful.

Bibliography

Chernyakova, N.S. Lessons in children's creativity [Text]:/ N.S. Chernyakova.- Tula: Rodnichok, 2002.-189 p.

Corrugated tubes are the name given to a technique for making products in which tubes of corrugated paper are used to decorate surfaces or create three-dimensional figures. Corrugated tubes are obtained by winding a strip of paper onto a stick, pencil or knitting needle and then compressing it. The compressed corrugated tube holds its shape well and has many options for design and use.

Modular origami - the creation of three-dimensional figures from triangular origami modules was invented in China. The whole figure is assembled from many identical parts (modules). Each module is folded according to the rules of classic origami from one sheet of paper, and then the modules are connected by inserting them into each other. The friction force that appears in this case prevents the structure from falling apart.

Tsumami Kanzashi. The Tsumami technique is based on origami. Only they fold not paper, but squares of natural silk. The word "Tsumami" means "to pinch": the artist takes a piece of folded silk using tweezers or tweezers. The petals of future flowers are then glued onto the base. The hairpin (kanzashi), decorated with a silk flower, gave its name to a whole new type of decorative and applied art.

Use of ICT in
arts and crafts.

"The use of modern

pedagogical technologies

in additional education.

Prepared by: N.V. Filatova

Teacher of additional education.

Pedagogical technology -
This is a model thought out in every detail
joint pedagogical activities in design, organization and
conducting the educational process with unconditional provision of comfortable conditions for
students and teacher (V.M. Monakhov).
Today in Russian education the principle of variability has been proclaimed, which
gives the opportunity to teaching staff of educational institutions to choose and
design the pedagogical process according to any model, including author’s ones. IN
currently used in education
a variety of pedagogical innovations. This depends, first of all, on
traditions and status of the institution. However, we can highlight the following most characteristic innovative
technologies.

Information and communication
technology (ICT) in education
Personally -
oriented technologies in teaching the subject
. Informational -
analytical support of the educational process and education quality management
schoolchildren.
Monitoring
intellectual development.
Educational
technology as the leading mechanism for the formation of a modern student.
Didactic
technology as a condition for the development of the educational process

Use of IT in training
arts and crafts opens up enormous creative possibilities for students
opportunities, contributes to the diversified development of children, activation of their cognitive
interest, formation of the foundations of information culture, preparation for
independent life in the modern world, and further professional
self-determination. The teacher appears
the opportunity to introduce new, non-traditional forms of organizing the educational process,
widely use methods of active, activity-based learning when organizing
creative work of students.

Most often used
various presentations made in PowerPoint. This program
gives the teacher unlimited opportunities
for creativity and for a more effective means of leveling up
cognitive activity. Simultaneous impact on two important organs
perceptions (hearing and vision) allow you to achieve a much greater effect.

Options
using presentations in working with students:

1. Conducting presentations in class when explaining new material:
a pre-created presentation replaces the demo material when explaining
new material, helping to fix students' attention on any
illustrations, data, formulas, etc.

2. Visual demonstration
process (building diagrams, tables, step-by-step
instructions) which is impossible or
quite difficult to do using posters or a blackboard.

3. Presentation on
results of individual and group projects:

preparation by students
(individual or in a group) presentations to accompany your own
report;

creating photo albums like
reports on research conducted by a group of students as part of activities on
project.

4. Collaborative learning
sources and materials on the program
(for example, discussing works of art based on multimedia
encyclopedias, scanned graphics or obtained from
Internet of materials, etc.) A special place in the MUP was occupied by fragments from educational,
documentaries and TV shows. Including video files in a presentation is most appropriate when
impossible to directly observe
objects and phenomena being studied that cannot be seen in everyday life
(a change in nature, the flight of a rocket or satellite, the transformation of a pupa into a butterfly
etc).

5 . For
securing the material. First, the guys get to know the legend. Then do
work, how they see the legend. And at the last stage they tell a legend,
using your work.

6. At the control stage and
self-control. Children are offered the opportunity to test their knowledge themselves.
Moreover, if the answer is not correct, you can go back and correct the error. Thereby
the lesson is freed from fear.

According to the requirements of SanPin 2.4.2.1178-02, within
weeks, the number of lessons using TSO should not exceed for students
first stage 3-4 lessons, second and third level students - 4-5 lessons.
After training with a video display terminal (VDT), it is necessary to carry out
eye gymnastics, which is performed at the workplace.

Taking into account
psychological characteristics of children at the initial stage of education, it is advisable to use the game method
situations involving the active use of cognitive didactic
games that facilitate the completion of various educational tasks. Games for children
younger age "fourth wheel". On the topic of beadwork, guys in
In a playful way, insects are introduced, then an insect is woven from beads.
Correction and testing of knowledge:

Systematic check
knowledge of a large number of people being tested leads to the need for automation
control, use of computer equipment and related programs
knowledge tests. Computer testing as an effective way of testing
knowledge is increasingly used in education. One of its advantages
is the minimum time spent on obtaining reliable control results, and
obtaining results almost immediately upon completion of the control test.
Automated testing results are better analyzed than
subjective assessments.

Programs for creating
tests - MiniTes; ExeTest-SL.

Having in my arsenal of work
educational simulators for arts and crafts (created by yourself or borrowed from
fellow teachers in the Internet community), we
we can prepare a lesson,
taking into account the individual characteristics of the process of mastering the material by each student
(differentiated and individual approach). And our children really have them
different. The child is given the opportunity to work at a pace that is acceptable to him,
according to the level of his actual development, but at the same time feel
as successful as the rest of his peers.

One of the ways to implement
new information technologies in arts and crafts classes
art is the use of computer programs as means of creating
patterns for beading, embroidery and knitting. Currently there are
graphic editors that allow you to create your own patterns and
convert your favorite images (photos, drawings) into diagrams for
beading, embroidery and knitting. Examples of such programs are Beads Wicker,
Biserhelp, Win-Stitch, Pattern Maker, PCStitch, Bead Work.

Modern teaching methods with
the use of information technologies should be aimed at the development and
formation of creative self-expression of children, for the revival of spiritual
values, to study the heritage of folk traditions of our culture.
Improving the learning process in additional education will help
preserve the cultural heritage of our ancestors and at the same time introduce children to the world
modern science and technology, activating the connection between the past, present and
future.

Ultimately, children may
turn your computer into a creative workshop, creating your own
creative products and projects based on knowledge of folk traditions.

Gushan Elena Vasilievna
Job title: DPI teacher
Educational institution: MBU DO "Khanymey Children's Art School" Khanymey village
Locality: Khanymei village, Purovsky district of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Name of material: Article
Subject: Modern educational technologies in arts and crafts
Publication date: 12.11.2016
Chapter: additional education

MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ARTS
Project technologies
help students in their creative work to better reveal their talents and abilities, because such work takes them into the world of reality and possibility. Often, the teacher’s ideas are superimposed on similar desires of the student, resulting in a finished project and a finished item: topiary, panels using the techniques of scrapbooking, quilling, mosaics, graphics. We modeled all sorts of products with students in class: boxes, caskets, flowers, postcards, and many others. Again, they took some things from familiar design experience, brought something new in, mixed the old with the new. I liked the scrapbooking that I saw on the Internet, because it has an element of novelty, but with familiar technological techniques, with familiar design concepts, using cheap materials, we studied it better, and made three-dimensional panels for the Nativity of Christ, on March 8, on May 9. Projects of this kind are completed quickly, are practical in nature, take up little space in the apartment, are easy to replace, easy to store, and most importantly, there is a demand for them. I would like to note that handmade work is in great demand these days. Why don’t students engage in similar projects, why not develop imagination, practical and work skills that will help them in the future to help them choose a profession where design technologies will form the basis of their work activity. There are many such professions. Of course, despite the apparent ease of making such projects, there is one catch. Surely, sooner or later, when performing work related to the project, the question of material resources will arise. Students willingly bring and share what they have in their home. It is very difficult to convince a child, and then, in turn, parents to purchase additional devices, materials and items to complete specific projects. I meet with parents during class hours and tell them about the students’ availability of work tools and the provision of the necessary material for creative modeling. Teachers make a list of necessary and resource materials, and the class teacher monitors the completion of this task by the student in the class entrusted to him.
Informational

communication

technologies
have firmly entered the life of modern man. Nowadays, perhaps, there is no person who does not use the Internet, computer, and mobile communications. It cannot be said that everything is so simple in using information and communication technologies. Today, the functionality of many modern information tools is significantly ahead of the possibilities of their use. Reaching perfection in computer knowledge is madness. Much is being updated, programs are changing, storage structures, modes, and access to materials are becoming more complicated. I would like to note that the student is better prepared to work on a computer than the teacher. For schoolchildren, an educational minimum has been introduced in general education schools - a computer science lesson at least once a week, but for teachers of additional education there are not even weekly courses a year. Therefore, it is not surprising that students are ahead of their teachers in the field of ICT knowledge and therefore use them more boldly, more often, and more promisingly. Definitely, the computer provides ample opportunities for practicing acquired knowledge by performing multi-level tasks and tasks.
The use of design and information and communication technologies contributes to the emergence of such interaction and relationships between students and with teachers, in which the creative efforts of the individual are realized to achieve the goal, not only the planned result is achieved, but also the development of the inner world of a growing person occurs. The educational role of design depends on the reflection of these labor relations in the spiritual life of students, in their refraction in thoughts and feelings, in the breadth and depth of the individual’s volitional efforts. Fostering love for work as the core of labor education in general is possible only when the child is imbued with the beauty of relationships between people that arise in the labor process. Carrying out a creative project is one of the aspects of education. It is aimed at making children, adolescents and young people aware of the moral value of work in life. The ability to competently and purposefully use ICT in many directions and to the required extent in school design will help the teacher and student to quickly produce a finished product, a finished form idea, a finished art design. Schoolchildren develop communication abilities and the ability to establish contact with people, activity in communication, the desire for interaction, cooperation with adults and peers, the ability to take into account the interests of other people, respect and dignity of others, and the desire for dialogue. A moral and value attitude towards work includes an understanding of not only social, but also its personal significance as a source of self-development and a condition for personal self-realization. In this case, an important factor becomes a person’s formed ability to experience joy from the process and result of the work of intellectual, volitional and physical forces. Students must choose for themselves a design object, a project topic, that is, a product that they would really like to improve, offer to the market, introduce into the objective world in order to satisfy the real needs of people. I and the DPI students work very closely with the historical and local history museum of our village. The museum has a very good collection of various items on display, stands, ethnic halls and much more. etc. The museum often hosts exhibitions of artists from our district, master classes with artists from the indigenous population. My students and I exhibit their final works in the museum; my children and I often take part in exhibitions held by the village and the museum. These exhibitions are organized annually for Mother's Day, for Victory Day, on environmental topics, on health-saving topics, on the fight against addictions, New Year's, Christmas, with a national component, etc. The positioning of our projects finds its place and its time in the halls of the museum. After all, they exist to review final works, to exchange experiences, and to draw important conclusions. There are still many unrealized plans ahead for the implementation of projects in various directions. My students and I are guided by the biblical expression “He who walks can master the road” - this helps us implement project technologies and use information and communication technologies on the school site. In DPI classes I implement
design, search and research, in-

individual, group and advisory
student activities. This work helps develop students’ abilities to select and analyze information and use the latest computer technologies. Development of creative projects, participation in thematic competitions, excursions to museums and libraries ensures optimal
solving the problem of developing the creative abilities of students, as well as preparing them for an informed choice of a future profession. In my work, I use elements of several technologies, apply original methodological techniques, modify them and reform them to suit my children, my abilities and tastes. In this case, it would be appropriate to say that some technologies become “proprietary”. Not only me, but every teacher is a creator of technology, even if he deals with borrowings. The creation of technology is impossible without creativity. For a teacher who has learned to work at the technological level, the main guideline will always be the cognitive process in its developing state. Let's take at least
multi-level technology
, which already quite accurately speaks for itself, and yet there are a number of circumstances that force it to be adjusted to the situation. For example, an urgent competition is being held, and students of different ages must complete certain work with certain restrictions. The most crucial moment comes not only in searching for images in conveying the main theme in the composition, but also in using more rapid technologies. When working with audiences of different ages, you begin to
multi-level
technology to add
personality-oriented
or
research
,
design
or
gaming
etc. And yet, pedagogical learning technologies are a chain of actions and operations that are aimed and result-oriented. Teaching technology is defined as a set of actions to select and determine the order and sequence of using didactic means, organizing forms and methods of teaching. There are, of course, as in any work and in any activity, priority pedagogical technologies. It is impossible to master all technologies at once, but by trying one or another in the process of work, you can settle on the one that is more perfect for your work and for your type of activity. Perhaps only
health-saving technology
cannot be ignored, because it considers the care of children, the health of the children entrusted to us. My subject requires routine in everything, good lighting and the release of tension, fatigue and stress in my classes. At the moment of creation on a sheet of paper or other material, the student freely
self-expresses, self-affirms and self-realizes
, what could be better and more valuable at this moment. So new technologies still appear, but only if at this time there are no others, such as
problem-activist-

new technologies
or
information-reflexive
. The modern didactic system proceeds from the fact that both sides - teaching and learning - constitute the learning process. The modern didactic concept is created by such areas as programmed, problem-based learning, and developmental learning. Intensive training gives the student the opportunity to choose a learning technology that suits him and develop an individual personal development program. Mastering any technology requires time for both the teacher and the student for brain processing, implementation and adaptation. You have to try a lot in order to compare and choose from so many. I do this myself and advise others. In this case, the teacher is responsible for the result. If you know that any educational technology is a guarantee of success, then rest assured that everything will work out for you.

Tuesday, February 15, 2011 10:20 + to quote book

The article was written based on materials from the “Country of Masters” website (mostly).

Studying the recently discovered site “Country of Masters” and never ceasing to be surprised and admired by the variety of applied creativity techniques and the talent of our people, I decided to systematize the techniques.
The list will be updated as new techniques are discovered.

*Techniques related to the use of paper:

1. Iris folding (“Rainbow folding”) is a paper folding technique. Appeared in Holland. The technique requires attention and accuracy, but at the same time it allows you to easily make spectacular cards or decorate the pages of a memorable album (scrapbooking) with interesting decorative elements.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/776

4. Origami (from Japanese letters: “folded paper”) is the ancient art of folding paper figures. The art of origami has its roots in ancient China, where paper was discovered.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/560
Kinds:
- Kirigami is a type of origami that allows the use of scissors and cutting paper in the process of making the model. This is the main difference between kirigami and other paper folding techniques, which is emphasized in the name: kiru - cut, kami - paper.
Pop-up is a whole direction in art. This technique combines elements of techniques.
- Kirigami and Cutting and allows you to create three-dimensional designs and cards folded into a flat figure.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1723
- Kusudama (literally “medicine ball” in Japanese) is a paper model that is usually (but not always) formed by sewing together the ends of many identical pyramidal modules (usually stylized flowers folded from a square sheet of paper), so that the body is spherical forms. Alternatively, the individual components can be glued together (for example, the kusudama in the bottom photo is completely glued rather than sewn). Sometimes, as a decoration, a tassel is attached to the bottom.
The art of kusudama comes from an ancient Japanese tradition where kusudama was used for incense and a mixture of dried petals; perhaps these were the first real bouquets of flowers or herbs. The word itself is a combination of two Japanese words, kusuri (medicine) and tama (ball). Nowadays, kusudama are usually used for decoration or as gifts.
Kusudama is an important part of origami, particularly as a precursor to modular origami. It is often confused with modular origami, which is incorrect, since the elements that make up kusudama are sewn or glued, and not nested inside each other, as modular origami suggests.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/850
- Origami from circles - folding origami from a paper circle. Usually the folded pieces are then glued together into an applique.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1636
- Modular origami - the creation of three-dimensional figures from triangular origami modules - was invented in China. The whole figure is assembled from many identical parts (modules). Each module is folded according to the rules of classic origami from one sheet of paper, and then the modules are connected by inserting them into each other. The friction force that appears in this case prevents the structure from falling apart.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/15

5. Papier-mâché (fr. papier-mâché “chewed paper”) - an easily moldable mass obtained from a mixture of fibrous materials (paper, cardboard) with adhesives, starch, gypsum, etc. Plasters are made from papier-mâché , masks, teaching aids, toys, theatrical props, boxes. In some cases, even furniture.
In Fedoskino, Palekh, Kholui, papier-mâché is used to make the basis for traditional lacquer miniatures.
You can decorate a papier-mâché blank not only with paints, painting like famous artists, but using decoupage or assemblage.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/561

7. Embossing (another name is “embossing”) - mechanical extrusion that creates images on paper, cardboard, polymer material or plastic, foil, on parchment (the technique is called “parchment”, see below), as well as on leather or birch bark, in which a relief image of a convex or concave stamp is obtained on the material itself, with or without heating, sometimes with the additional use of foil and paint. Embossing is carried out mainly on binding covers, postcards, invitation cards, labels, soft packaging, etc.
This type of work can be determined by many factors: force, texture and thickness of the material, the direction of its cutting, layout and other factors.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1626
Kinds:
- Parchment - parchment paper (thick waxed tracing paper) is processed with an embossing tool and during processing it becomes convex and turns white. This technique produces interesting postcards, and this technique can also be used to design a scrappage page.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1705
- Texturing - applying an image using a cliché onto a smooth material, usually metallized paper, in order to imitate foil stamping. Also used to imitate the skin of certain breeds (for example, a cliché with a pattern imitating crocodile skin, etc.)

*Techniques related to weaving:
Man learned weaving much earlier than pottery. At first, he wove a dwelling from long flexible branches (roofs, fences, furniture), all kinds of baskets for various needs (cradles, boxes, carts, scoops, baskets) and shoes. A man learned to braid his hair.
With the development of this type of needlework, more and more different materials for use appeared. It turned out that you can weave from everything you come across: from vines and reeds, from ropes and threads, from leather and birch bark, from wire and beads, from newspapers.... Weaving techniques such as wicker weaving, weaving from birch bark and reeds appeared. , tatting, knotted macrame weaving, bobbin weaving, bead weaving, ganutel, kumihimo cord weaving, chainmail weaving, net weaving, Indian mandala weaving, their imitations (weaving from paper strips and candy wrappers, weaving from newspapers and magazines)...
As it turned out, this type of needlework is still popular, because using it, you can weave many beautiful and useful things, decorating our home with them.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/302

1. Beading, like beads themselves, has a centuries-old history. The ancient Egyptians were the first to learn how to weave beaded threads into necklaces, thread bracelets, and cover women's dresses with beaded nets. But only in the 19th century the real flourishing of bead production began. For a long time, the Venetians carefully guarded the secrets of creating a glass miracle. Masters and craftswomen decorated clothes and shoes, wallets and handbags, cases for fans and eyeglass cases, as well as other elegant things with beads.
With the advent of beads in America, indigenous people began to use them instead of traditional Indian materials. For ritual belt, cradle, headband, basket, hair net, earrings, snuff boxes...
In the Far North, fur coats, high fur boots, hats, reindeer harnesses, leather sunglasses were decorated with bead embroidery...
Our great-grandmothers were very inventive. Among the huge variety of elegant trinkets there are amazing items. Chalk brushes and covers, toothpick cases (!), inkwell, penpick and pencil, collar for your favorite dog, cup holder, lace collars, Easter eggs, chessboards and much, much, much more.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1355

2. Ganutel - exclusive Maltese handicraft. It was in the monasteries of the Mediterranean that this technique of creating beautiful flowers to decorate the altar was still preserved.
The ganuteli uses thin spiral wire and silk threads to wrap the parts, as well as beads, pearls or seed beads. Brilliant flowers turn out graceful and light.
In the 16th century, spiral wire made of gold or silver was called “canutiglia” in Italian, and “canutillo” in Spanish; in Russian, this word was probably transformed into “gimp”.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1170

3. Macrame (from Arabic - braid, fringe, lace or from Turkish - scarf or napkin with fringe) - knot weaving technique.
The technique of this knot weaving has been known since ancient times. According to some sources, macrame came to Europe in the 8th-9th centuries from the East. This technique was known in Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Iran, Peru, China, and Ancient Greece.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/750

4. Weaving lace with bobbins. In Russia, the Vologda, Eletsky, Kirov, Belevsky, Mikhailovsky fisheries are still known.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1687

5. Tatting is a woven knotted lace. It is also called shuttle lace because this lace is woven using a special shuttle.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1728

* Techniques related to painting, various types of painting and image creation:

Drawing is a genre in the visual arts and a corresponding technique that creates a visual image (image) on any surface or object using graphic means, drawing elements (as opposed to pictorial elements), primarily from lines and strokes.
For example: charcoal drawing, pencil drawing, ink and pen drawing...
Painting is a type of fine art associated with the transmission of visual images through the application of paints to a solid or flexible base; creating an image using digital technology; as well as works of art made in such ways.
The most common works of painting are those made on flat or almost flat surfaces, such as canvas stretched on a stretcher, wood, cardboard, paper, treated wall surfaces, etc. Painting also includes images made with paints on decorative and ceremonial vessels , the surfaces of which can have a complex shape.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1218

1. Batik - hand-painted fabric using reserve compounds.
The batik technique is based on the fact that paraffin, rubber glue, as well as some other resins and varnishes, when applied to fabric (silk, cotton, wool, synthetics), do not allow paint to pass through - or, as artists say, “reserve” from coloring individual areas of fabric.
There are several types of batik - hot, cold, knotted, free painting, free painting using saline solution, shibori.
Batik - batik is an Indonesian word. Translated from Indonesian, the word “ba” means cotton fabric, and “-tik” means “dot” or “drop”. Ambatik - to draw, to cover with drops, to hatch.
Batik painting has long been known among the peoples of Indonesia, India, etc. In Europe - since the twentieth century.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/916

2. Stained glass (lat. Vitrum - glass) is one of the types of decorative art. Glass or other transparent material is the main material. The history of stained glass begins in ancient times. Initially, glass was inserted into a window or doorway, then the first mosaic paintings and independent decorative compositions, panels made of colored pieces of glass or painted with special paints on plain glass appeared.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/886

3. Blowing - a technique based on blowing paint through a tube (on a sheet of paper). This ancient technique was traditional for the creators of ancient images (bone tubes were used).
Modern juice straws are no worse in use. They help to blow recognizable, unusual, and sometimes fantastic designs from a small amount of liquid paint on a sheet of paper.

4. Guilloche - the technique of burning an openwork pattern onto fabric manually using a burning machine was developed and patented by Zinaida Petrovna Kotenkova.
Guilloche requires careful work. It must be made in a single color scheme and correspond to the ornamental style of the given composition.
Napkins, panels with appliqués, bookmarks, handkerchiefs, collars - all this and much more, whatever your imagination suggests, will decorate any home!
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1342

5. Grattage (from the French gratter - scrape, scratch) - scratching technique.
The drawing is highlighted by scratching with a pen or sharp instrument on paper or cardboard filled with ink (to prevent it from spreading, you need to add a little detergent or shampoo, just a few drops).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/686

6. Mosaic is one of the most ancient arts. This is a way of creating an image from small elements. Assembling a jigsaw puzzle is very important for a child’s mental development.
Can be made from different materials: bottle caps, beads, buttons, plastic chips, wooden cuts of twigs or matches, magnetic pieces, glass, ceramic pieces, small pebbles, shells, thermal mosaic, Tetris mosaic, coins, pieces of fabric or paper, grain, cereals, maple seeds, pasta, any natural material (scales of cones, pine needles, watermelon and melon seeds), pencil shavings, bird feathers, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/438

7. Monotype (from the Greek monos - one, united and tupos - imprint) - one of the simplest graphic techniques.
On a smooth glass surface or thick glossy paper (it should not allow water to pass through), a drawing is made using gouache paint or paints. A sheet of paper is placed on top and pressed to the surface. The resulting print is a mirror image.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/663

8. Thread graphics (isothread, thread image, thread design) - a graphic image made in a special way with threads on cardboard or other solid base. Thread graphics are also sometimes called isographics or embroidery on cardboard. You can also use velvet (velvet paper) or thick paper as a base. The threads can be ordinary sewing, wool, floss or others. You can also use colored silk threads.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/452

9. Ornament (lat. ornamentum - decoration) - a pattern based on the repetition and alternation of its constituent elements; intended for decorating various objects (utensils, tools and weapons, textiles, furniture, books, etc.), architectural structures (both externally and in the interior), works of plastic arts (mainly applied), among primitive peoples also the human body itself (coloring, tattoo). Associated with the surface that it decorates and visually organizes, the ornament, as a rule, reveals or accentuates the architectonics of the object on which it is applied. Ornament either operates with abstract forms or stylizes real motifs, often schematizing them beyond recognition.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1222

10. Print.
Kinds:
- Printing with a sponge. Both a sea sponge and a regular one intended for washing dishes are suitable for this.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1094
Wood is usually used as the starting material for stamping using a cliche stamp so that it is convenient to hold in the hand. One side is made flat, because Cardboard is glued onto it, and patterns are glued onto the cardboard. They (patterns) can be made from paper, from rope, from an old eraser, from root vegetables...
- Stamp (stamping). Wood is usually used as the starting material for stamping using a cliche stamp so that it is convenient to hold in the hand. One side is made flat, because Cardboard is glued onto it, and patterns are glued onto the cardboard. They (patterns) can be made from paper, from rope, from an old eraser, from root vegetables, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1068

11. Pointillism (French Pointillisme, literally “pointing”) is a style of writing in painting that uses pure paints that do not mix on the palette, applied in small strokes of a rectangular or round shape, counting on their optical mixing in the viewer’s eye, as opposed to mixing paints on the palette. Optical mixing of three primary colors (red, blue, yellow) and pairs of additional colors (red - green, blue - orange, yellow - violet) gives significantly greater brightness than a mechanical mixture of pigments. Mixing of colors to form shades occurs at the stage of perception of the picture by the viewer from a long distance or in a reduced view.
The founder of the style was Georges Seurat.
Another name for pointillism is divisionism (from the Latin divisio - division, crushing).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/700

12. Drawing with palms. Small children find it difficult to use a paint brush. There is a very exciting activity that will give the child new sensations, develop fine motor skills, and give the opportunity to discover a new and magical world of artistic creativity - this is palm painting. By drawing with their palms, little artists develop their imagination and abstract thinking.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1315

13. Drawing with leaf prints. Having collected various fallen leaves, smear each leaf with gouache from the vein side. The paper on which you are going to make a print can be colored or white. Press the colored side of the sheet onto a sheet of paper and carefully remove it, grasping it by the “tail” (petiole). This process can be repeated over and over again. And now, having completed the details, you already have a butterfly flying over the flower.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/667

14. Painting. One of the most ancient types of folk crafts, which for several centuries have been an integral part of everyday life and the original culture of the people. In Russian folk art there are a large number of varieties of this type of decorative and applied art.
Here are some of them:
- Zhostovo painting is an ancient Russian folk craft that arose at the beginning of the 19th century, in the village of Zhostovo, Mytishchi district, Moscow region. It is one of the most famous types of Russian folk painting. Zhostovo trays are painted by hand. Usually bouquets of flowers are depicted on a black background.
- Gorodets painting is a Russian folk art craft. It has existed since the middle of the 19th century. in the area of Gorodets. Bright, laconic Gorodets painting (genre scenes, figurines of horses, roosters, floral patterns), made in a free stroke with a white and black graphic outline, decorated spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, and doors.
- Khokhloma painting is an ancient Russian folk craft, born in the 17th century in the district of Nizhny Novgorod.
Khokhloma is a decorative painting of wooden utensils and furniture, made in black and red (and also, occasionally, green) on a golden background. When painting, silver tin powder is applied to the wood. After this, the product is coated with a special composition and processed three or four times in the oven, which achieves a unique honey-golden color, giving the light wooden utensils a massive effect. Traditional elements of Khokhloma are red juicy rowan and strawberries, flowers and branches. Birds, fish and animals are often found.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/301

15. Encaustic (from ancient Greek “the art of burning”) is a painting technique in which wax is the binder of paint. Painting is done with melted paints (hence the name). A type of encaustic painting is wax tempera, characterized by its brightness and richness of colors. Many early Christian icons were painted using this technique.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1485

*Techniques related to sewing, embroidery and fabric use:
Sewing is a colloquial form of the verb “to sew”, i.e. something that is sewn or stitched.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1136

2. Patchwork, Quilt, Quilting or Patchwork is a folk arts and crafts art with centuries-old traditions and stylistic features. This is a technique that uses pieces of colorful fabrics or knitted elements in geometric shapes to join together in a blanket, blouse or bag.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1347
Kinds:
- Artichoke is a type of patchwork that got its name because of its resemblance to artichoke fruits. This technique has other names - “teeth”, “corners”, “scales”, “feathers”.
By and large, in this technique it all comes down to folding the cut out parts and sewing them onto the base in a certain sequence. Or, using paper, create (pasting) various panels of a round (or multifaceted) shape on a plane or in volume.
You can sew in two ways: direct the edge of the blanks to the center of the main part, or to its edges. This is if you sew a flat product. For products of a volumetric nature - with the tip towards the narrower part. The folded parts are not necessarily cut in the shape of squares. These can be rectangles or circles. In any case, we encounter the folding of cut-out blanks, therefore, it can be argued that these patchwork techniques belong to the family of patchwork origami, and since they create volume, then, therefore, to the “3d” technique.
Example: http://stranamasterov.ru/node/137446?tid=1419
- Crazy quilt. I recently came across this type. In my opinion, this is a multi-method.
The bottom line is that the product is created from a combination of various techniques: patchwork + embroidery + painting, etc.
Example:

3. Tsumami Kanzashi. The Tsumami technique is based on origami. Only they fold not paper, but squares of natural silk. The word "Tsumami" means "to pinch": the artist takes a piece of folded silk using tweezers or tweezers. The petals of future flowers are then glued onto the base.
The hairpin (kanzashi), decorated with a silk flower, gave its name to a whole new type of decorative and applied art. This technique was used to make decorations for combs and individual sticks, as well as for complex structures made up of various accessories.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1724

* Techniques related to knitting:
What is knitting? This is the process of making products from continuous threads by bending them into loops and connecting the loops to each other using simple tools by hand (a crochet hook, knitting needles).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/729

1. Knitting on a fork. An interesting way of crocheting using a special device - a fork curved in the shape of the letter U. The result is light, airy patterns.
2. Crochet (tambour) - the process of manually making fabric or lace from threads using a crochet hook. creating not only dense, relief patterns, but also thin, openwork, reminiscent of lace fabric. Knitting patterns consist of different combinations of loops and stitches. The correct ratio is that the thickness of the hook should be almost twice the thickness of the thread.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/858
3. Simple (European) knitting allows you to combine several types of loops, which creates simple and complex openwork patterns.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1157
4. Tunisian long crochet (both one and several loops can be used at the same time to create a pattern).
5. Jacquard knitting - patterns are knitted on knitting needles from threads of several colors.
6. Loin knitting – imitates loin-guipure embroidery on a special mesh.
7. Guipure crochet (Irish or Brussels lace).

2. Sawing. One type is sawing with a jigsaw. By decorating your home and home with handmade products or children's toys that are convenient for everyday life, you experience joy from the appearance and pleasure from the process of creating them.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1418

3. Carving is a type of decorative and applied art. It is one of the types of artistic woodworking along with sawing and turning.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1113

* Other self-sufficient techniques:
1. Applique (from the Latin “attachment”) is a way of working with colored pieces of various materials: paper, fabric, leather, fur, felt, colored beads, seed beads, woolen threads, embossed metal plates, all kinds of material (velvet, satin, silk), dried leaves... This use of various materials and structures in order to enhance expressive capabilities is very close to another means of representation - collage.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/364
There are also:
- Application from plasticine - plasticineography - a new type of decorative and applied art. It represents the creation of stucco paintings depicting more or less convex, semi-voluminous objects on a horizontal surface. At its core, this is a rarely seen, very expressive type of painting.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1243
- Application from “palms”. Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/612
- Broken applique is one of the types of multifaceted applique techniques. Everything is simple and accessible, like laying out a mosaic. The base is a sheet of cardboard, the material is a sheet of colored paper torn into pieces (several colors), the tool is glue and your hands. Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1346

2. Assemblage (French assemblage) - a visual art technique related to collage, but using three-dimensional parts or entire objects, applicatively arranged on a plane like a picture. Allows for artistic additions with paints, as well as metal, wood, fabric and other structures. Sometimes applied to other works, from photomontage to spatial compositions, since the terminology of the latest visual art is not completely established.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1412

3. Paper tunnel. The original English name for this technique is tunnel book, which can be translated as a book or paper tunnel. The essence of the technique can be clearly seen from the English name tunnel - tunnel - through hole. The multi-layered nature of the “books” that are put together conveys the feeling of a tunnel well. A three-dimensional postcard appears. By the way, this technique successfully combines different types of techniques, such as scrapbooking, applique, cutting, creating layouts and voluminous books. It is somewhat akin to origami, because... is aimed at folding paper in a certain way.
The first paper tunnel dates back to the mid-18th century. and was the embodiment of theatrical scenes.
Traditionally, paper tunnels are created to commemorate an event or are sold as souvenirs to tourists.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1411

4. Cutting is a very broad term.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/701
They are cut from paper, from foam plastic, from foam rubber, from birch bark, from plastic bottles, from soap, from plywood (though this is already called sawing), from fruits and vegetables, as well as from other various materials. Various tools are used: scissors, breadboard knives, scalpel. They cut out masks, hats, toys, postcards, panels, flowers, figurines and much more.
Kinds:
- Silhouette cutting is a cutting technique in which objects of an asymmetrical structure, with curved contours (fish, birds, animals, etc.), with complex outlines of figures and smooth transitions from one part to another, are cut out by eye. Silhouettes are easily recognizable and expressive; they should be without small details and as if in motion. Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1416
- The cutting is symmetrical. With symmetrical cutting, we repeat the contours of the image, which must fit exactly into the plane of a sheet of paper folded in half, consistently complicating the outline of the figure in order to correctly convey the external features of objects in a stylized form in the appliqués.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/466
- Vytynanka - the art of cutting openwork patterns from colored, white or black paper has existed since paper was invented in China. And this type of cutting became known as jianzhi. This art has spread throughout the world: China, Japan, Vietnam, Mexico, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ukraine, Lithuania and many other countries.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/563
- Carving (see below).

5. Decoupage (from the French decoupage - noun, “that which is cut out”) is a technique of decoration, applique, decoration using cut out paper motifs. Chinese peasants in the 12th century. They began to decorate furniture in this way. And in addition to cut out pictures from thin colorful paper, they began to cover it with varnish to make it look like a painting! So, along with beautiful furniture, this equipment also came to Europe.
Today, the most popular material for decoupage is three-layer napkins. Hence another name - “napkin technique”. The application can be absolutely limitless - dishes, books, boxes, candles, vessels, musical instruments, flower pots, bottles, furniture, shoes and even clothes! Any surface - leather, wood, metal, ceramics, cardboard, textiles, plaster - must be plain and light, because... the design cut out of the napkin should be clearly visible.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/722

6. Carving (from the English carvу - cut, carve, engrave, slice; carving - carving, carved work, carved ornament, carved figure) in cooking is the simplest form of sculpture or engraving on the surface of products from vegetables and fruits, such short-lived decorations table.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1339

7. Collage is a creative genre when a work is created from a wide variety of cut out images pasted onto paper, canvas or digitally. Comes from fr. papier collée - glued paper. Very quickly this concept began to be used in an expanded meaning - a mixture of various elements, a bright and expressive message from scraps of other texts, fragments collected on one plane.
The collage can be completed with any other means - ink, watercolor, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/324

8. Constructor (from Latin constructor “builder”) is a multi-valued term. For our profile, this is a set of mating parts. that is, details or elements of some future layout, information about which was collected by the author, analyzed and embodied in a beautiful, artistically executed product.
Designers differ in the type of material - metal, wood, plastic and even paper (for example, paper origami modules). When different types of elements are combined, interesting designs for games and fun are created.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/984

9. Modeling - giving shape to a plastic material (plasticine, clay, plastic, salt dough, snowball, sand, etc.) using hands and auxiliary tools. This is one of the basic techniques of sculpture, which is intended for mastering the primary principles of this technique.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/670

10. A layout is a copy of an object with a change in size (usually reduced), which is made while maintaining proportions. The layout must also convey the main features of the object.
To create this unique work, you can use various materials, it all depends on its functional purpose (exhibition layout, gift, presentation, etc.). This can be paper, cardboard, plywood, wooden blocks, plaster and clay parts, wire.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1397
Type of layout - model - is a working layout that depicts (imitates) any significant features of the original. Moreover, attention is concentrated on certain aspects of the modeled object or, to an equal degree, its detail. The model is created to be used, for example, for visual-model teaching of mathematics, physics, chemistry and other school subjects, for a maritime or aviation club. A variety of materials are used in modeling: balloons, light and plastic mass, wax, clay, gypsum, papier-mâché, salt dough, paper, foam plastic, foam rubber, matches, knitting threads, fabric...
Modeling is the creation of a model that is reliably close to the original.
"Models" are those layouts that are in effect. And models that do not work, i.e. "strand" - usually called a layout.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1353

11. Soap making. Animal and vegetable fats, fat substitutes (synthetic fatty acids, rosin, naphthenic acids, tall oil) can be used as raw materials to obtain the main component of soap.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1631

12. Sculpture (Latin sculptura, from sculpo - I cut, carve) - sculpture, plastic - a type of fine art, the works of which have a three-dimensional form and are made of hard or plastic materials (metal, stone, clay, wood, plaster, ice, snow , sand, foam rubber, soap). Processing methods - modeling, carving, casting, forging, embossing, carving, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1399

13. Weaving - production of fabric and textiles from yarn.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1318

14. Felting (or felting, or felting) – felting wool. There is “wet” and “dry”.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/736

15. Flat embossing is one of the types of decorative and applied art, as a result of knocking out a certain ornamental relief, drawing, inscription or round figured image, sometimes close to engraving, on a plate, a new work of art is created.
Processing of the material is carried out using a rod - a hammer, which stands vertically, the upper end of which is hit with a hammer. By moving the coin, a new shape gradually appears. The material must have a certain plasticity and the ability to change under the influence of force.
Examples:

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Advanced technologies in arts and crafts. Application of innovative technologies in arts and crafts classes

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..3

New techniques in the areas of decorative and applied creativity…………………………………………………………………………………........6

Model of the program for decorative and applied arts of the association “Ribbon Miracle”...................................................... ...............................13

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….....15