A political scientist is a specialist in political processes. Profession political scientist Whether profession political scientist

Tuition cost (average in Russia): 500,000 rubles

Job description:

*Tuition fees are indicated for 4 years of full-time undergraduate studies.

This is a specialist who studies politics as a special area of ​​people’s lives associated with power relations, and analyzes the events of political life.

Political science (Greek πολιτικ?ς, πολ?της - citizen; from Greek π?λις - city; from Greek λ?γος - teaching, word) - one of the sciences of politics, a field of scientific knowledge that studies politics, power in society and political relations. Politics in a general sense is a special sphere of people’s life, associated with power relations, with the state-political organization of society, political institutions, principles, norms, the action of which is designed to ensure the functioning of society, the relationship between people, society and the state. The basis of the policy is reflected by the constitution (a normative legal act of the highest legal force of the state, which establishes the foundations of the political, economic and legal systems of a given state).

Profession political scientist has an ancient history. The definition of politics first took shape in ancient Greece around the 5th century BC. e. The thinkers of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome interpreted the state as the highest embodiment of reason. Philosophers concerned with the problem of a “better life” tried to solve it by creating a model of a state that personifies reason. The first thinkers in this area were the outstanding minds of Ancient Greece - Plato and Aristotle. All famous philosophers of antiquity and many theologians of the past can be considered political scientists. A clear definition, object and tasks of this science were formed only in 1948 and recognized by almost all states of the world.

In Russia, the tradition of teaching political science has existed since 1755. Then, at the suggestion of M.V. Lomonosov (1711 - 1765), the Department of Politics was established within the structure of Moscow University. From 1804 to 1835, the Faculty of Moral and Political Sciences existed within Moscow University, graduating specialists in the field of politics and political economy.

Nowadays, a political scientist is, first of all, a researcher. The subjects that he examines affect one sphere of social life (politics), but at the same time they are diverse: the political system, power relations, political system, political culture, political behavior. The political scientist makes all his conclusions based on political and legal ideas of past years, modern times, domestic experience and the experience of foreign countries. In order to draw any conclusions, he also turns to special methods of political science. At the same time, the world of politics is quite changeable and some scientific instruments cannot always give a 100% correct forecast of a particular situation. Therefore, a true professional political scientist keeps up with current politics and often bases his assessments of events on the principles of logic and on his erudition. For his conclusions, he also turns to statistical issues and the results of various sociological surveys.

The main function of a political scientist is social. It increases the political literacy of the ruling elite and “ordinary people.” Thanks to the comments of political scientists, citizens have a clearer idea of ​​the essence of the processes taking place in the country and gain an understanding of political values ​​and norms. In some cases, this helps alleviate social tensions.

The understanding of the profession of a political scientist exists in three aspects: a political scientist - a public expert, a political scientist-scientist and a political scientist - a specialist in the practice of political life of society.

In the first case, a political scientist is a recognized public expert in the political, social, political-economic sphere of society, as well as in other spheres of society (military, defense and security, political and legal, etc.), which are actively influenced by power, and which are the area of ​​political struggle, the retention and use of political power.

A political scientist is a scientist, a certified specialist in the field of political science, a scientific expert in the field of politics, capable of interpreting the political life of society.

In the third case, a political scientist is not one, but several quite different professions: political analyst, consultant, political science teacher, political journalist. Close but independent professions are political strategist and image maker. These specialists are involved in organizing elections and creating the image of politicians and political parties.

Specializations

• political consultant;
• political expert;
• political commentator;
• political theorist;
• political philosopher;
• political strategist;
• image maker;
• speechwriter.

Main activities

• studying political phenomena in their sequential temporal development, identifying connections between the past, present and future;
• study of the dependence of politics, political processes on society, economic relations, social structure of society, ideology and culture;
• determining the significance of political phenomena for society and the individual, their assessment from the point of view of the common good, justice, respect for human dignity;
• studying the relationship between political phenomena in experience and the level of economic development, political system, between the degree of urbanization of the population and its political activity, between the number of parties and the electoral system, etc.;
• research and analysis of verbal, practical, conscious and subconscious behavior of individuals and groups;
• study and analysis of the activities of institutions through which political activity is carried out (states, parties, government programs, etc.);
• research and identification of subjective mechanisms of political behavior, individual qualities, character traits, as well as typical mechanisms of psychological motivation:
• analysis of political phenomena in order to identify their common features and specifics, find the most effective forms of political organization or optimal ways to solve problems;
• forecasts about the political future of the state, party, politics.

Required professional skills and abilities

• deep theoretical knowledge of the subject of political science and political relations;
• constant monitoring of events in domestic and world political life;
• knowledge of one or more foreign languages;
• erudition, broad outlook (good knowledge in various fields of science, for example, history, sociology, psychology, jurisprudence).

Personal qualities

• the presence of well-developed verbal abilities (the ability to express themselves correctly and clearly);
• oratory skills (competent expression of thoughts);
• developed communication skills (ability to make contact, establish relationships, development of verbal and non-verbal communication channels, professional competence, etc.);
• analytical mind, desire to build hypotheses and make predictions;
• mobility;
• objectivity;
• developed logical thinking;
• determination;
• creativity;
• punctuality, responsibility;
• high moral qualities (principle, conviction, sensitivity and attentiveness to people, etc.);
• curiosity;
• tactfulness (the ability to show a sense of proportion);
• flexibility, developed intuition;
• persistence, objectivity;
• self-control, composure;
• sociability, energy;
• ability to quickly restore performance;
• desire for self-improvement.

Pros of the profession

• very low competition in the labor market (due to the fact that there are currently very few political scientists who have the appropriate specialized education and a diploma in political science);
• high salary for a political scientist (depending on the place of work).

Cons of the profession

• political scientists have become less in demand as independent experts (due to the abolition of gubernatorial elections in Russia, an increase in the barrier to entry into the State Duma and a decrease in its political role).

Place of work

• political and public organizations;
• government agencies;
• election technology agencies;
• political consulting agencies;
• press centers;
• news agencies and media;
• scientific institutions.

Salary and career

As for the financial issue of working as a political scientist, here, as in many other specialties, the salary depends primarily on the region of residence of the political scientist, the specifics of the institution in which the Political Scientist works and the company’s policy regarding the level of wages for employees.

Independent political scientists usually begin their careers in news agencies and magazines on socio-political topics. This could be the position of correspondent, analyst, or assistant editor. Often, political scientists combine this profession with the work of a journalist, economist, teacher or private entrepreneur.

The peak of demand for political strategists in our country has passed, because the number of election campaigns has noticeably decreased. However, one-time project work can be found during the remaining elections. You can count on enviable incomes for the position of PR manager (from 100 thousand rubles), but only experienced specialists who have established contacts in government agencies will be able to get such a job. Therefore, it is worth starting a career in power structures, in any lower positions - this will give you contacts among officials and politicians, and knowledge of the inner workings. With such experience, you can then become a political consultant, expert, or PR person. The average salary is from 30 thousand rubles.

Education

To become a political scientist, you need to have a higher education in the humanities, preferably with a degree in Political Science.

There are often cases when people without special education achieve significant success in political science. Graduates of history, philosophy and even technical faculties become excellent professionals. However, the shortest path to the profession is to receive a specialized education (specialty "Political Science"), for example, the Faculty of Political Science and Law at the G.V. Plekhanov Russian Economic University.

Related professions for a political scientist are: marketer, psychologist, teacher, journalist, philosopher, theologian, publisher, sociologist, political consultant; political expert; political commentator; political theorist; political philosopher; political strategist; image maker; speechwriter.

Leading universities in Moscow that train political scientists:

• State University - Higher School of Economics (SU-HSE);
• Moscow State University named after. M.V. Lomonosov (MSU);
• Moscow State University of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO);
• Russian State Humanitarian University (RGGU);
• International Ecological and Political Science University (MNEPU).

Study questions:

1. The general importance of the profession of political scientist in Russia and abroad.

2. Requirements of the standard of the third generation of bachelors studying in the direction of “Political Science”.

Lecture objectives:

1. To help students – future political scientists – understand the role and place of their future profession in modern Russian society.

2. To determine students’ goal setting in acquiring the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities during their studies at the Russian Economic University named after G.V. Plekhanov.

While studying the course “Introduction to Political Theory,” we already know that political science is a science that studies politics, political relations, and power in society.

Even children sometimes try to interpret events in public life on an amateur level. We all have our own understanding of what is happening in the country and beyond. We are all trying, based on the knowledge that we have, to understand the reasons for the actions of public figures and people in power. And most of all, forecasts for future events are of interest. There are people who have proven more than once that they understand politics much more than the majority of people.

The definition of politics first took shape in ancient Greece around the 5th century BC. e. Before this, no one had united state events, public life and the economy into one concept. Therefore, the very origin of this word is Greek. The science of this concept appeared thanks to the works of the world famous Aristotle. Later, this science was supplemented by more and more knowledge from psychology, sociology and vast experience of events that had already occurred, by which one could judge what would happen in the near future. After all, the basis of political science is history. All famous philosophers of antiquity and many theologians of the past can be considered political scientists. A clear definition, object and tasks of this science were formed only in 1948 and recognized by almost all states of the world.

In the USSR they did not teach to become political scientists, there was no nomination for political sciences, no specialties and departments in universities: there were only “History of the CPSU” and the theory of Marxism-Leninism, which included three academic disciplines: “Marxist-Leninist philosophy”, “Political economy” and "Scientific Communism". It seemed that in the Soviet Union there was not only no sex, but also no politics. After all, politics is a struggle and competition that can only exist in the “wild West,” and under Soviet power there is a wise Communist Party that leads and directs.

However, near-political science research has always been carried out: within the framework of historical, philosophical, sociological sciences, oriental studies, and international relations. Those who studied these sciences at university became the first Russian political scientists. People with geographical, philological, psychological, physico-mathematical, and economic education also came to political science - each of them brought what he was taught in his “past” life. For example, philologists developed the analysis of political texts and political science concepts (the so-called discourse analysis), geographers became geopoliticians, mathematicians developed mathematical models for analyzing the political process.

Third direction. A political scientist is not one, but several quite different professions: political analyst, consultant, political science teacher, political journalist. Close, but independent – ​​political strategist and image maker. These specialists are involved in organizing elections and creating the image of politicians and political parties.

Note that related professions for political scientist are: , teacher, theologian, publisher, .

I would also like to draw your attention to the following:

What does a political scientist do?

Firstly, research activities. Explores areas of public life related to politics. Studies political and state, methods and nature of influence of power on the development of society, ways of influence of power on society, and. Engaged in research and analysis of the socio-political situation (system, historical features, legislation, federal structure, political culture, etc.) both locally (municipality, region, country) and at the external international level. Most often, such studies are carried out for reporting purposes by government bodies and information and analytical ones by the media.

Secondly, practical activities in the field of politics and government-social relations. What does the average practicing political scientist have to do? Comment on current events in current politics on radio, television, newspapers and online publications, write your own scientific and newspaper analytical articles (preferably books), prepare analytical materials for customers, participate in round tables and scientific conferences (sometimes in press conferences) ), work in dialogue with political customers. And constantly think about how the political future of your customers should develop, how your country and the world as a whole should develop.

And yet, political scientists are fundamentally different from politicians! For example, the famous Kiev political scientist Dmitry Vydrin, who worked for several months as a deputy of the Ukrainian parliament, admitted: “Now I know how political scientists differ from politicians: the same way astronomers differ from astronauts.”

I would note that politicians are those who make politically significant decisions, implement them and bear responsibility for them (or happily avoid responsibility). And political scientists are the ones who develop such decisions and calculate the country’s development strategy. In addition, political scientists study the activities of politicians, predict their actions or determine the determining factors in the adoption of a particular decision by various political leaders.

At the same time, a specialist who thoroughly understands all the trends and pitfalls of big politics is able to become not only an observer, but also an active participant in the political process. That is, a political scientist can become a politician!

What are the dominant types of activity in the political scientist profession? This:

The study of political phenomena in their sequential temporal development, identifying connections between the past, present and future;

Study of the dependence of politics, political processes on society, economic relations, social structure of society, ideology and culture;

Determining the significance of political phenomena for society and the individual, their assessment from the point of view of the common good, justice, respect for human dignity;

Studying the relationship between political phenomena in experience and the level of economic development, political system, between the degree of urbanization of the population and its political activity, between the number of parties and the electoral system, etc.;

Research and analysis of verbal, practical, conscious and subconscious behavior of individuals and groups;

Study and analysis of the activities of institutions through which political activity is carried out (states, parties, government programs, etc.);

Research and identification of subjective mechanisms of political behavior, individual qualities, character traits, as well as typical mechanisms of psychological motivation:

Analysis of political phenomena in order to identify their common features and specifics, find the most effective forms of political organization or optimal ways to solve problems;

Forecasts about the political future of the state, party, politics.

The algorithm of a political scientist’s activities may look like this:

– collection of statistical information;

– verification and processing of received information;

- researching;

– drawing up diagrams, tables, reports, writing analytical articles;

– providing comments.

Where do specialists with political science education work? What are their career options?

First of all, don’t expect to find vacancies for a political scientist on job sites—they aren’t there. For example, one 5th year girl at the Faculty of Political Science and Law of the Russian University of Economics named after G.V. Plekhanova, studying in the specialty “Jurisprudence,” naively assumed that she could find a job as a political scientist through an advertisement!

Graduates whose diplomas include this qualification work in very different places. Some manage to find work in their specialty, for example, in the apparatus of parties, the Government or the Duma, in political consulting, as a GR manager (interaction with government) in commercial companies or public organizations. Most go into the field of PR and mass media.

People with such a profession are a rare occurrence. The fact is that there are a limited number of places where they can work, other than political parties. Often, political scientists combine this profession with the work of a journalist, economist, teacher or private entrepreneur. Of course, it is impossible to live simply by giving an interview to a magazine or TV channel once a month. Requirements for such a profession: objectivity, knowledge of history, sociology and psychology, developed logical thinking. A successful political scientist has every chance of becoming a famous person, often sparkling with his intellect on the TV screen, and receiving good money for advice from various prominent figures.

The peak of demand for political strategists in our country has passed, because the number of election campaigns has noticeably decreased. However, one-time project work can be found during the remaining elections. You can count on enviable incomes for the position of PR manager (from 100 thousand rubles), but only experienced specialists who have established contacts in government agencies will be able to get such a job. Therefore, it is worth starting a career in power structures, in any lower positions - this will give you contacts among officials and politicians, and knowledge of the inner workings. With such experience, you can then become a political consultant, expert, or PR person. The average salary is from 30 thousand rubles.

The following specializations in the activities of political scientists are distinguished:

Places of work:

– apparatuses of political parties;

– public organizations (institutes, think tanks, etc.);

– news agencies, mass media;

– a staff of assistants (advisers) to deputies of legislative assemblies at various levels;

– state and municipal government bodies.

Additional features in the activities of a political scientist: as with supporters or critics of the authorities and as great manipulators - political strategists.

As with supporters or critics of the authorities may be possessors of an analytical mind, those who like to build hypotheses and make forecasts are highly valued in a professional environment. Such specialists can work in institutes and independent analytical centers: the Carnegie Moscow Center, the Institute of Political Science and World Politics, the Institute for Problems of Globalization (IPROG), etc. Such organizations not only study political problems, but also, as a rule, conduct diverse public work : Organizes seminars, symposiums and conferences on current policy issues. For example, the Institute of Globalization Problems initiated the visit of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez to Moscow.

In addition to public organizations, the knowledge of a professional political scientist can be useful in news agencies and the media. Some agencies specialize in socio-political topics (Agency of Political Information "Politinform", "Panorama of Modern Politics"), others are responsible for the entire news spectrum (ITAR-TASS, MIGnews).

Note that a political scientist evaluates media not only by circulation and regions of distribution. The position of the publication in relation to the current government plays a big role. All media that are in one way or another involved in politics can be divided into “left”, “right” or “centrist”. Of course, it is impossible to stew in a political cauldron and not have your own beliefs, so experts and analysts choose their place of work taking into account their own political views and preferences.

As great manipulators - political strategists usually those political scientists who prefer to directly participate in political events speak. The golden age of domestic political technology was the era of Boris Yeltsin’s reign, with its serious intensity of political passions, the “Red threat” and the memorable “yes-yes-no-yes” referendum. It was at this time that such whales of political PR as the Foundation for Effective Politics and the Center for Political Technologies emerged, and the names of Gleb Pavlovsky, Vladislav Surkov, and Sergei Lisovsky were popular.

A political strategist is an experienced strategist and risk player on the exchange of political passions. Depending on the situation, he can perform a variety of functions, but he has one goal: to present his customer (a particular politician or party) in the most favorable light and thereby achieve his victory in elections, promotion to one or another power structure, and his growth. political rating, etc. Typically, a political strategist works in a team: sociologists, image makers, speech writers and many other specialists responsible for the “face” of the client work side by side with him. If there are no significant political events planned in the near future (elections, referendums, etc.), the political strategist is engaged in quieter work: organizing the daily life of the party, preparing current meetings, seminars and conferences.

Table No. 1

Professional profile of a political scientist:

Table No. 2

Qualities that ensure the success of the professional activities of a political scientist:

Qualities that hinder the effectiveness of professional activity:

– self-interest;

– aggressiveness;

– narrow-mindedness;

– self-doubt, indecision;

– low level of development or lack of communication abilities, poor diction;

– imbalance, tactlessness;

– inertia;

– unprincipledness;

– lack of interest in the work being performed;

– hot temper, impulsiveness;

– inability to compare and analyze facts;

– inability to withstand external factors.

Diseases contraindicated for the profession of political scientist:

– drug use,

– dependence on alcohol,

– hearing disorders,

– speech disorders,

– hemorrhoidal disorders.

So, A. Golts highlighted the first problem that we are forced (we are interested in!) to deal with: we are trying to conduct an independent examination of the decisions being prepared and made in the field of defense and security from the state.

The second problem is that many military personnel (both current and former) are afraid to write about topics related to the field of defense and security. There are many reasons for this. There is probably a certain fear (which has become a habit) of divulging some “military secret.” One cannot discount the fact that military personnel are not taught to write texts (except for military journalists, of course). I will also note that in the USSR the culture of society and government was such that it was possible to write only about what was specifically allowed to be studied and discussed.

Therefore, in our opinion, a market for intellectual services in the field of defense and security has not yet formed in Russia. In our country, to a certain extent, but still there is a noticeable correlation between the military profession (which never became prestigious and listed on the Russian labor market) and those who give reviews of this field.

We are not sure that our works are in demand by officials, that the Russian authorities have an order for the research we are conducting. Rather, we are sure of the opposite. But, nevertheless, we clearly know that Russian society needs us and our work. We judge this by the people around us, by our loved ones and friends. And there is no reason or reason to doubt their sincerity. In addition, we are understood and supported by committees of soldiers’ mothers and other human rights and public organizations that guard the rights of military personnel.

And one last thing. We do not have delusions of grandeur and hopes that, following Archimedes, we will be able to “turn the Earth upside down” if we suddenly find a lever or a fulcrum. By no means, we will not do this on principle, since we clearly know that revolutions, uprisings, races and coups do not bring anything good to society.

Conclusion: Political scientist is a profession that requires versatile personal development, a broad horizon of knowledge, constant improvement of skills in scientific, expert and political-public activities. The profession of political scientist in our country is one of the youngest and appeared thanks to the democratic process of development of Russian society. In fact, its formation in Russia is only now beginning. Therefore, what its role and place will be in the further development of Russian society largely depends on the professional qualities of graduates of the Faculty of Political Science and Law of the Russian Economic University named after G.V. Plekhanov, studying in the direction of “Political Science” with a specialization in “Economic Policy”.

The standard of the 3rd generation of bachelors determines the areas of professional activity of bachelors in the direction of “Political Science” (with a specialization in “Economic Policy”), the objects and main directions of their professional activity.

Areas of professional activity:

– general education institutions and educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education as teachers of social studies and political science;

– academic and research organizations related to political issues as researchers capable of participating in collective research projects;

– government and management bodies, media editorial offices as employees capable of participating in the development and implementation of decisions implemented by these bodies;

– the apparatus of political parties, commercial and public organizations carrying out project (consulting, advisory, research and analytical), as well as information activities in the field of politics, as employees capable of participating in and implementing the decisions released by these structures.

The objects of professional activity of bachelors are: various spheres of socio-political, socio-cultural and economic space of the Russian Federation and the world:

1) In the political-state and political sphere itself, these are, first of all, the structures of state power and public administration (federal, regional and municipal levels), political parties and socio-political movements, the system of modern international relations.

2) In sociocultural terms – political culture and self-awareness, socio-political sentiments.

3) In the economic aspect - the interaction between government and business, political interests and aspirations of various groups of the economic community.

Types of professional activities of bachelors in the field of study “Political Science”:

– research;

– pedagogical:

– organizational and managerial;

– design.

A bachelor in the field of study “Political Science” (“Economic Policy”) must solve the following professional tasks in accordance with the types of professional activity:

1. Research activities:

– participation in seminars, scientific-theoretical and scientific-practical conferences, in the preparation of reviews and annotations;

– compilation of abstracts and bibliographies on the topics of research:

– compilation of sections, scientific and analytical reports, explanatory notes.

2. Pedagogical activities:

– teaching certain disciplines of political science knowledge in general educational institutions and educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education;

– preparation of scientific and methodological documentation for social science courses;

– participation in extracurricular and educational work with students;

– preparation of established reports according to approved forms.

3. Organizational and managerial activities:

– participation in the organization of management processes in government and administrative bodies, in the apparatus of political parties and socio-political associations, local governments, business structures, and the media;

– participation in political campaigns, organization of the electoral process, consulting activities;

– processing of sociological research data for subsequent political science analysis.

4. Project activities:

– preparation of documentation for the development of research programs and projects;

– participation in the design of scientific and theoretical developments and political campaigns;

– participation in the design of sociological studies of political processes.

You can familiarize yourself with the list of competencies, that is, the results of mastering the basic educational programs of a bachelor’s degree, in the text of the standard of the 3rd generation of bachelors for the preparation of “Political Science,” which is posted on my page “In Contact.”

Let us note that our faculty does not train “in general” political scientists, but unique specialists - experts in the field of influence of power on the economic process and on the entire economic sphere of society. Therefore, our graduates will be in demand as advisers (assistants) to heads of executive bodies of state power, assistants to deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly and legislative bodies of the Subjects of the Federation, assistants to managers of large enterprises, concerns and holdings, assistants to managers of large funds. In all cases, they will be experts in the field of political-economic relations.

1. A bachelor in the field of study “Political Science” must prepare himself, at the same time, for research, teaching, expert, project-political and practical activities in the field of both general and economic policy.

2. The work of a political scientist in the economic sphere requires wide-ranging knowledge not only in the field of political science, but in the field of law, economic disciplines, sociology, psychology, pedagogy, cultural studies, document management and much more, including good physical fitness.

Political scientists help us extract meaning from the smallest actions of politicians and understand all existing political trends. They are the ones who sort everything out and talk about the prospects to society, give useful advice to politicians, and act as a link between the population and the state. How can political scientists influence the situation? Where do they work? What are the specifics of their work? Let's figure it out.

Today even an infant knows that actions and goals pursued politicians, cannot be interpreted in the form in which they are presented. Every action, statement or decision is part of a strategy, a plan designed to achieve what is planned. At the same time, often even experienced politicians and officials moving in these circles do not fully understand these actions. What then can we say about the ordinary citizen?

Political scientists help us extract meaning from the slightest actions of politicians and understand all existing political trends. They are the ones who sort everything out and talk about the prospects to society, give useful advice to politicians, and act as a link between the population and the state. How can political scientists influence the situation? Where do they work? What are the specifics of their work? Let's figure it out.

Who is a political scientist?

A specialist who studies politics and its impact on society, as well as analyzes events occurring in political circles. This is a researcher who evaluates the actions of authorities and the population's reaction to them. He always knows about the mood of the public, about the prospects for positive or negative development of a particular situation.

Political science as a science originated in the times of Ancient Greece. It is known that in the 5th century. BC. thinkers held meetings and discussed various topics, which also touched upon political issues related to the formation of a model of an ideal state and the search for a better life. The founders of this branch of science include Aristotle, the great philosopher and logician. The political scientists of those times were very educated people: thinkers, theologians and humanists in various fields.

In 1755, the Russian tradition of teaching political science arose, which was started by V.M. Lomonosov, who proposed to establish a department of politics at Moscow University. In the same university in the first half of the 19th century. trained specialists in the field of political economy and politics at the Faculty of Moral and Political Sciences.

By the way, although science of politics actively developed over many centuries, only in 1948 the world was presented with the most complete definition of the concept of “political science”, its object and tasks, which were recognized by almost all countries.

Despite the fact that the object of study of this science is politics, political scientists are well versed in various branches of science: sociology, psychology, history, cultural studies, etc. The main task of a political scientist is to increase the political literacy of senior officials and ordinary people. His conclusions allow the population to understand the actions of politicians and understand the essence of the events taking place in the country. For the ruling elite, their experience and knowledge are no less important, since they can advise, find gaps in the adopted strategy and help eliminate them, and predict the outcome of the situation.

Depending on the chosen area of ​​activity, the functions of political scientists vary:

• political scientist-social expert understands all areas of public life that are directly influenced by power: social, political, political-economic, political-legal, military, etc.;
• political scientist-scientist - a person who is able to interpret events in political life, a certified specialist and scientific expert in the field of politics;
• A practicing political scientist and expert in the field of politics can work in several different professions at once: political consultant(gives recommendations, advice, understands the peculiarities of what is happening), analyst (collects and processes information, conducts research and analysis of the current situation, predicts the result), journalist (writes about political life, makes reports, works as an editor), politics teacher (engages in scientific activities, teaches at universities, improves the level of his education, receiving various degrees);
• A political scientist and image maker is engaged in creating a beautiful image of a politician, establishing beneficial relationships between government agencies and the population, and writing speeches for party leaders and senior officials. Most often in demand in election campaigns. Such a PR specialist does everything to ensure that society recognizes and has a positive attitude towards his employer;
• A political strategist, like an image maker, creates a positive image using special technologies to achieve a specific goal. He analyzes public sentiment, collects information, and identifies effective ways to influence the population and the media.

What personal qualities should a political scientist have?

The opinions of political scientists have a significant impact on public sentiment. Therefore, it is very important that they be objective in their judgments. In addition, the profession requires maintaining neutrality, in which specialists are helped by their high moral qualities:

• integrity,
• honesty,
• integrity, etc.

A true specialist always strives for self-development, broadens his horizons and constantly monitors political changes both in the country and in the world. He is attentive, tactful, responsible, flexible. Political scientists must have good communication skills and be persuasive. A true professional is a person who is able to clearly formulate his thoughts and convey them to the listener. His eloquence is his reputation.

For successful activities, knowledge alone in the chosen specialization is not enough. The ability to think critically and intuitively understand the direction is of considerable importance here. political movement, for which an analytical mind and developed logical thinking are also useful.

The following qualities will also be useful:

• curiosity;
• mobility;
• organization;
• self-control;
• ability to work in a stressful environment;
• persistence, etc.

Advantages of being a political scientist

Good policy experts are of great importance in the political life of the country. Both politicians and citizens listen to their opinions. Political scientists are often invited on television and interviewed, which increases their reputation and contributes to their popularity.

Having connections with officials allows them to solve many problems and get to a higher level. Often, political scientists are offered work as assistants and advisers to deputies who write speeches to the country's top officials and, to some extent, influence the political situation. However, these are closed positions, which are filled only by the most famous and experienced political scientists.

On average, expert political scientists receive from 50 to 100 thousand rubles per month, depending on working conditions and area of ​​activity. And the scope of their activities is very diverse. They can work in the media and write articles about politics; in consulting companies, as business consultants, give advice to company managers on where it is better to invest funds; at research institutes as research assistants; in the offices of political parties. It all depends on the interests of the political scientist himself and on the direction in which he wants to develop.

Disadvantages of the profession of political scientist

The main value of a political scientist is his wisdom and political experience. Therefore, in most cases, only older people become successful, which means that young experts do not have the opportunity to quickly advance in their careers.

Political scientists do not always work on the team of ruling parties. Sometimes they hold rallies against the country's leadership, which can negatively affect their quality of life. In particular, political scientists working for the opposition often have to fear for their safety and freedom. Basically, they are trying to bribe them, but if this fails, their own health and the health of their loved ones is at risk.

Although work of a political scientist presupposes objectivity, and, therefore, freedom of speech; it is not always possible to adhere to this rule. Every political program on television and every printed publication on a political topic undergoes a test of political correctness. If it does not comply with it, the political scientist may have problems. Therefore, he must express his point of view very carefully, which excludes complete objectivity.

Where can you get a profession as a political scientist?

A political scientist is a specialist with higher education. Of course, everyone can follow politics in the world and it is good to understand all the pitfalls without a university education, but only after undergoing special training at a university does it become possible to achieve success in the profession.

Today, many Russian educational institutions offer training programs in the areas of “Political Science”, “Political Science and International Relations”. In addition, a graduate of sociological, historical and psychological faculties can become a good political scientist.

Among the most popular universities in Russia that produce political scientists are:

– for the first time, open a website with vacancies, and do not find a single suitable offer there. Political science is a closed field; people do not enter it by advertisement or from the street. You will have to start climbing the career ladder from the very bottom, and for this it is not even necessary to obtain a diploma of higher education.

After school or while studying at university, find out which political parties operate in the region, who is part of the parliament and local governments. It would be a good idea to familiarize yourself with the staffing table of government institutions: district, city and regional administrations, directorates, departments and agencies. Is there an assistant or administrator? Of course, this will allow you to earn no more than 15-20 thousand rubles at the initial stage, but it will open up prospects for career growth, new experience, connections and acquaintances.

Don’t be afraid to offer your services yourself, methodically call organizations on the list and don’t stop after the first three refusals. Make an appointment with them and try to become one of their assistants. Political parties often require a “person on the phone” - a responsible, calm employee who understands the basics of the activity, but does not yet have deep knowledge to perform more serious work.

Where to find a job in your specialty

Depending on the portfolio, work experience and track record, the salary of a professional political scientist reaches 150 thousand rubles or more. But you definitely won’t be able to find a high-paying position through advertisements, so the winners in the race for a long ruble are those with a broad outlook and set of competencies and an extensive network of professional connections.

Career growth is possible both in political parties and local governments, and among freelance political scientists, in different parts of the country and representing various political forces. In the latter case, the amounts of earnings are impressive, but one-time – from election to election.

Scientific work will help in finding a stable and prestigious place.

Evgenia Dorina

Head of the press service of the Pharmcontract Group of Companies

While studying in graduate school, you don’t so much sit behind books and comprehend theory, but rather look for interesting events, give presentations - strive for self-development, and don’t wait for a teacher to come and break down how the government system should be structured, how business should function . Involvement in the process of analyzing political events along with eminent professors (including foreign ones), businessmen, political technology gurus and other persons known from textbooks raises education to a new level.

Political scientist - teacher

An unexpected option for those who received a degree in political science, but do not realize themselves in this direction -. Basic liberal arts education is based on a wide range of studied topics and interests, directions and subjects. Such luggage will allow you to find a job at a specialized university or secondary school.

Anna Novikova

Political scientist-expert at Mantrin Group

From my first year of study at one of the Moscow universities, I worked part-time on election campaigns. Knowledge, as well as income levels, grew. The profession of a political scientist is relevant; there is a great demand for specialists. But after receiving a diploma and an impressive fee for the victory of our candidate in the elections, I went to work as a history and social studies teacher. Why not teach at school? The main political season is still in the summer, when schoolchildren have holidays, and you can do research and write strategies in the evenings, after checking your homework.

The decision on whether to hire a specialist without a pedagogical education is made in each educational institution independently - based on the charter. But if there is an acute shortage of specialized personnel, the candidate will receive a referral to a university or college, where, after distance learning, he will become a full-fledged teacher.

Pay largely depends on the chosen place of work. Private schools are ready to offer history and social studies teachers up to 50 thousand rubles, public schools - 15-20 thousand. But after moving outside the city, the salary will increase by one and a half to two times, even in public large provincial schools.

Political scientist - analyst

A political scientist is a universal soldier who is trained at a university for multidisciplinary work. And if a professional analyzes the socio-political situation in the country and the world, then why shouldn’t he do the same in other areas, for example, in the analytical departments of companies, consulting agencies, investment business or retail.

One of the main advantages of this choice is the level of income, because in commercial consulting it is quite high. The disadvantages, perhaps, include the need to constantly be on your toes - to develop, increase the level of competencies, master new analysis technologies and follow the trends of the consulting market in order not to yield to competitors. But a person who chooses to major in political science is usually prepared in advance for the eternal race.

Political scientist - journalist

Often, applicants who have decided to choose political science as their specialty are clearly determined what they will become in the future. Journalism is a practical profession, and specialized faculties teach general disciplines that will be of little help in future work. Therefore, obtaining a side specialty that will help you deeply understand a highly specialized topic is the most successful step.

But you won’t be able to immediately become a columnist or political commentator in a federal publication. First, you will have to gain experience as a “laborer” - a correspondent or assistant editor: prepare reports from events, produce small notes and news materials. Salaries start from 15-20 thousand rubles and can exceed the 60 thousand rubles mark for eminent journalists.

It is not so difficult to grow to such heights: regular reading of thematic publications and practical work will help you acquire your own writing style and get used to the profession, but to make a professional, you will need to engage in self-promotion, collaborate with various publications, and act as a commentator.

Political scientist in commercial PR and GR

Promoting political parties, election candidates, preparing programs and holding public events are not much different from similar work in commercial companies and corporations. The required skills and competencies of professional political scientists and PR specialists are very similar, but the latter can earn much more and faster.

Arina Vasilyeva

PR Manager ICL Services

A newly minted political scientist must think about how he will live, since at the initial stage the pay for this type of activity is extremely low. That's why I chose a related specialization - PR. For several years I was a PR specialist in a large Russian bank, now I work in an IT company. Political scientists are universal specialists, well-read and able to convey their point of view, quickly responding to changes and possessing communication skills, and, importantly, understanding the political trend of the country and the situation on the world stage. Therefore, every good political scientist can get a job in PR.

A separate area is interaction with government agencies, or Government Relations, GR. Lobbying the interests of commercial companies, finding common ground and opportunities to influence authorities is precisely the area where a political scientist will demonstrate analytical, organizational and diplomatic skills to the maximum. Moreover, the more experience and professional connections a specialist has in government and political structures, the more in demand he will be in the labor market. Of course, such vacancies also cannot be found on advertising sites, but an experienced HR person will find a suitable candidate and offer decent conditions for changing occupations and companies.

Secretaries, sales people and all, all, all

Recruitment experts and graduates of specialized universities unanimously note that about 60% of political scientists do not get a job in their specialty. On professional forums and in faculty discussions, you can often find negative reviews about the profession and a strict recommendation for applicants not to receive a too general and impractical education as a political scientist.

Specialists with an excellent education join the ranks of extras: secretaries in government and commercial companies, office administrators, active sales managers, marketers and, in a word, all those for whom abilities and experience are much more important than a university diploma.

This problem arises due to insufficient self-education during university studies and an inactive position after graduation. Yesterday's graduates did not develop a base of contacts and at least minimal work experience. They look for suitable vacancies in newspapers and websites, but they are not there. Therefore, the career of a political scientist is becoming very similar to a treasure that must first be found on a map, then dug out of the ground, pretty tired and dirty, and only then enjoy the spoils.

If we forgot to mention another promising area where a political scientist can apply his knowledge, we will be glad to hear about it from you in the comments!

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Political scientist is a specialist who studies politics as a special area of ​​people’s lives associated with power relations, and analyzes events in political life. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in history and social studies (see choosing a profession based on interest in school subjects).

Political science (Greek πολιτικ?ς, πολ?της - citizen; from Greek π?λις - city; from Greek λ?γος - teaching, word) - one of the sciences of politics, a field of scientific knowledge that studies politics, power in society and political relations. Politics in a general sense is a special sphere of people’s life, associated with power relations, with the state-political organization of society, political institutions, principles, norms, the action of which is designed to ensure the functioning of society, the relationship between people, society and the state. The basis of the policy is reflected by the constitution (a normative legal act of the highest legal force of the state, which establishes the foundations of the political, economic and legal systems of a given state).

Profession political scientist has an ancient history. The definition of politics first took shape in ancient Greece around the 5th century BC. e. The thinkers of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome interpreted the state as the highest embodiment of reason. Philosophers concerned with the problem of a “better life” tried to solve it by creating a model of a state that personifies reason. The first thinkers in this area were the outstanding minds of Ancient Greece - Plato and Aristotle. All famous philosophers of antiquity and many theologians of the past can be considered political scientists. A clear definition, object and tasks of this science were formed only in 1948 and recognized by almost all states of the world.

In Russia, the tradition of teaching political science has existed since 1755. Then, at the suggestion of M.V. Lomonosov (1711 - 1765), the Department of Politics was established within the structure of Moscow University. From 1804 to 1835, the Faculty of Moral and Political Sciences existed within Moscow University, graduating specialists in the field of politics and political economy.

Nowadays, a political scientist is, first of all, a researcher. The subjects that he examines affect one sphere of social life (politics), but at the same time they are diverse: the political system, power relations, political system, political culture, political behavior. The political scientist makes all his conclusions based on political and legal ideas of past years, modern times, domestic experience and the experience of foreign countries. In order to draw any conclusions, he also turns to special methods of political science. At the same time, the world of politics is quite changeable and some scientific instruments cannot always give a 100% correct forecast of a particular situation. Therefore, a true professional political scientist keeps up with current politics and often bases his assessments of events on the principles of logic and on his erudition. For his conclusions, he also turns to statistical issues and the results of various sociological surveys.

Thanks to the comments of political scientists, citizens have a clearer idea of ​​the essence of the processes taking place in the country and gain an understanding of political values ​​and norms. In some cases, this helps alleviate social tensions.

The understanding of the profession of a political scientist exists in three aspects: a political scientist - a public expert, a political scientist-scientist and a political scientist - a specialist in the practice of political life of society.

In the first case, a political scientist is a recognized public expert in the political, social, political-economic sphere of society, as well as in other spheres of society (military, defense and security, political and legal, etc.), which are actively influenced by power, and which are the area of ​​political struggle, the retention and use of political power.

A political scientist is a scientist, a certified specialist in the field of political science, a scientific expert in the field of politics, capable of interpreting the political life of society.

In the third case, a political scientist is not one, but several quite different professions: political analyst, consultant, political science teacher, political journalist. Close but independent professions are political strategist and image maker. These specialists are involved in organizing elections and creating the image of politicians and political parties.

Specializations

• political consultant;
• political expert;
• political commentator;
• political theorist;
• political philosopher;
• political strategist;
• image maker;
• speechwriter.

Main activities

• studying political phenomena in their sequential temporal development, identifying connections between the past, present and future;
• study of the dependence of politics, political processes on society, economic relations, social structure of society, ideology and culture;
• determining the significance of political phenomena for society and the individual, their assessment from the point of view of the common good, justice, respect for human dignity;
• studying the relationship between political phenomena in experience and the level of economic development, political system, between the degree of urbanization of the population and its political activity, between the number of parties and the electoral system, etc.;
• research and analysis of verbal, practical, conscious and subconscious behavior of individuals and groups;
• study and analysis of the activities of institutions through which political activity is carried out (states, parties, government programs, etc.);
• research and identification of subjective mechanisms of political behavior, individual qualities, character traits, as well as typical mechanisms of psychological motivation:
• analysis of political phenomena in order to identify their common features and specifics, find the most effective forms of political organization or optimal ways to solve problems;
• forecasts about the political future of the state, party, politics.

Required professional skills and abilities

• deep theoretical knowledge of the subject of political science and political relations;
• constant monitoring of events in domestic and world political life;
• knowledge of one or more foreign languages;
• erudition, broad outlook (good knowledge in various fields of science, for example, history, sociology, psychology, jurisprudence).

Personal qualities

• the presence of well-developed verbal abilities (the ability to express themselves correctly and clearly);
• oratory skills (competent expression of thoughts);
• developed communication skills (ability to make contact, establish relationships, development of verbal and non-verbal communication channels, professional competence, etc.);
• analytical mind, desire to build hypotheses and make predictions;
• mobility;
• objectivity;
• developed logical thinking;
• determination;
• creativity;
• punctuality, responsibility;
• high moral qualities (principle, conviction, sensitivity and attentiveness to people, etc.);
• curiosity;
• tactfulness (the ability to show a sense of proportion);
• flexibility, developed intuition;
• persistence, objectivity;
• self-control, composure;
• sociability, energy;
• ability to quickly restore performance;
• desire for self-improvement.

Pros and cons of the profession

Pros:

• very low competition in the labor market (due to the fact that there are currently very few political scientists who have the appropriate specialized education and a diploma in political science);
• high salary for a political scientist (depending on the place of work).

Minuses:

• political scientists have become less in demand as independent experts (due to the abolition of gubernatorial elections in Russia, an increase in the barrier to entry into the State Duma and a decrease in its political role).

Where to study to become a political scientist

Russian Institute of Vocational Education "IPO" - recruits students to obtain a specialty through a distance program of professional retraining and advanced training. Studying at the IPO is a convenient and quick way to receive distance education. 200+ training courses. 8000+ graduates from 200 cities. Short deadlines for completing documents and external training, interest-free installments from the institute and individual discounts. Contact us!

To become a political scientist, you need to have a higher education in the humanities, preferably with a degree in Political Science.

There are often cases when people without special education achieve significant success in political science. Graduates of history, philosophy and even technical faculties become excellent professionals. However, the shortest path to the profession is to receive a specialized education (specialty "Political Science"), for example, the Faculty of Political Science and Law at the G.V. Plekhanov Russian Economic University.

Related professions for a political scientist are: marketer, psychologist, teacher, journalist, philosopher, theologian, publisher, sociologist.

Leading universities in Moscow that train political scientists:

• State University - Higher School of Economics (SU-HSE);
• Moscow State University named after. M.V. Lomonosov (MSU);
• Moscow State University of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO);
• Russian State Humanitarian University (RGGU);
• International Ecological and Political Science University (MNEPU).

Place of work

• political and public organizations;
• government agencies;
• election technology agencies;
• political consulting agencies;
• press centers;
• news agencies and media;
• scientific institutions.

Salary and career

Salary as of November 21, 2019

Russia 30000—55000 ₽

Moscow 45000—100000 ₽

As for the financial issue of working as a political scientist, here, as in many other specialties, the salary depends primarily on the region of residence of the political scientist, the specifics of the institution in which the Political Scientist works and the company’s policy regarding the level of wages for employees.

Independent political scientists usually begin their careers in news agencies and magazines on socio-political topics. This could be the position of correspondent, analyst, or assistant editor. Often, political scientists combine this profession with the work of a journalist, economist, teacher or private entrepreneur.

The peak of demand for political strategists in our country has passed, because the number of election campaigns has noticeably decreased. However, one-time project work can be found during the remaining elections. You can count on enviable incomes for the position of PR manager (from 100 thousand rubles), but only experienced specialists who have established contacts in government agencies will be able to get such a job. Therefore, it is worth starting a career in power structures, in any lower positions - this will give you contacts among officials and politicians, and knowledge of the inner workings. With such experience, you can then become a political consultant, expert, or PR person. The average salary is from 30 thousand rubles.