The meaning of the word play. What is a play? This is the most difficult form of word art

Meaning of the word PLAY in the Dictionary literary terms

PLAY

- (from the French piece - piece, part) - common name literary works dramatic genres(tragedies, comedies, dramas, vaudeville, etc.). See drama

Dictionary of literary terms. 2012

Man is an emotional being

Human nature, it turns out, is this: a thought that is not colored by intense emotion is not able to enter into information space most specific individuals. After all, the same mathematics, as a system of certain knowledge, even purely formally is much easier the more However, only a few truly understand the Queen of all Sciences, and everyone perceives what “Romeo and Juliet” tells about. And then there is no need to explain what a play is.

The work of Leo Tolstoy is indicative in this regard. As an example, he clearly described the character of the same Natasha Rostova on many pages, but this description did not linger in people’s heads for a moment. And suddenly we see her dancing to the guitar of her distant relative, enthusiastically looking at the native and Russian night sky, absorbing with all her awakening feminine nature the glances of men cast on her body... And every person instantly understood her, because poetic perception awakened peace. This is what it means to transmit a bunch of information about anything through emotional channels human consciousness into its information field.

A play is a composition for stage, radio and television performances

People who have never worked out literary creativity Having read the title of this section, they will not even be interested in the meaning of what was said. They won’t remember that actors walk across the stage, and each of them has their own unique character. inner world; they won’t think about how hard the director, playwright, artist, prop makers, stage technicians worked on a specific performance... But these are all worlds, worlds, worlds that come together in order to create an artificial Universe in which important thoughts should come to life. And when everything works out, not a single answer to the question “what is a play” is capable of containing the action that unfolds over the course of two or three hours before the eyes of the audience.

An important formality

And yet, what is a play? The term is quite a set of dialogues between characters that they utter as the plot develops. But in the case when the author, albeit unconsciously, adjusts the speeches of fictional characters to his understanding and vision of what is happening in the world in which he lives, then the truth of life dies, and the words sound in vain. Through the speeches of the heroes of the work, it is necessary to show exactly what the character himself sees, and not the author. There is no room in the play to further explain something, to further tell the viewer, as is done in novels and poems. That is why writing dramatic works is the most difficult form of verbal art.

More alive than life itself

Once Gogol was asked what the play “The Inspector General” was. At first the writer became gloomy and withdrawn, and after an hour or two, when the questioner forgot to think about his question, the genius answered that this is something that is more alive than life itself, because not years, but minutes flow. And he is infinitely right, because everyone plot twist, the emergence of new characters is a multidimensional allegory, and each individual phrase is like a revelation. This definition is the essence of what a play is. After all, the viewer, even an inexperienced one, instantly sees through the deception, and the written masterpiece dies without being born. For all time in Russian Empire Over 20,000 plays were written, but very few live on the stages of the world to this day - only 7. The mystical number of perfection...

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Play
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Play (French pi;ce) - a dramatic work, usually classic style, created for staging any action in the theater. This is a general specific name for works of drama intended for performance on stage.
The structure of the play includes the text of the characters (dialogues and monologues) and functional author's remarks (notes containing the designation of the location of the action, interior features, appearance of the characters, their manner of behavior, etc.). As a rule, the play is preceded by a list of characters, sometimes indicating their age, profession, titles, family ties, etc.
Separate finished semantic part a play is called an act or action, which may include smaller components - phenomena, episodes, pictures.
The very concept of a play is purely formal; it does not include any emotional or stylistic meaning. Therefore, in most cases, the play is accompanied by a subtitle that defines its genre - classic, main (comedy, tragedy, drama), or author's (for example: My poor Marat, dialogues in three parts - A. Arbuzov; We'll wait and see, a pleasant play in four acts - B.Shaw; a kind person from Szechwan, parabola play - B. Brecht, etc.). The genre designation of a play not only serves as a “hint” to the director and actors when stage interpretation plays, but helps to enter into the author's style, the figurative structure of drama.
IN musical art The term piece is usually used as a specific name for works of instrumental music.
Play

Literary encyclopedia
Play

PLAY (French piece - “thing”, “piece”) - as a dramatic term is used for those works that are difficult to attribute to any of the genres already canonized by theory. Thus, in the history of French theater we find the word “play” in the repertoire of fair theaters, which, under the influence of persecution from the “Comedie Francaise” and “Comedie Italienne”, created the most interesting genres - “piece a ecritaux”, “piece ariette”, etc. d. These are small everyday scenes, the tradition of which was picked up by the Jacobin revolutionary theater, which created the genre of topical political performance - “piece a circonstance”. The word "P." It is also found in Diderot’s treatise “De la poesie dramatique”. Diderot does not see any specific genre in P. - he calls P. any dramatic. a work written on an everyday theme, therefore it is dramatic in its scale. Diderot P. does not insert genres.
P. is greatly expanding in connection with the development of real-life theater - a theater that considered its main goal to be the accurate reproduction of empirically known reality in the form of a kind of “piece of living life.” Being the most general, universal designation of dramatic works and having the ability to combine all dramatic genres, the play leveled each of them and thereby lost its individual properties. The most characteristic feature of bourgeois P. is the routine and mediocrity of everything that happens in it. There are no strong ones here dramatic conflicts, no heroic tension, no sharp and evil laughter. The bourgeois play is entirely within the bounds of empirical and socially compromised, liberal art.
In Soviet drama, the traditional “P.” begins to undergo significant changes towards the typification of images and the activation of means of influence. So. arr. The development of Soviet drama does not lead to the consolidation of drama as a genre, but, on the contrary, to the creation of a whole series of new genres that have a distinct individual outline and are devoid of the amorphousness and hybridity that constitute the essence of theater.

Same as piesa, see this word. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. PLAY in general literary or musical. work; in the strictest sense, a dramatic work. Dictionary of foreign words included in... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

- (French piece “thing”, “piece”) as a dramatic term is used for those works that are difficult to attribute to any of the genres already canonized by the theory. Thus, in the history of French theater we find the word “play” in... ... Literary encyclopedia

And (obsolete) play, plays, women. (French pièce). 1. Dramatic work. Stage a new play. Translated play. “In dramatic plays... he knows how to arouse noble passions in us.” Nekrasov. 2. A small piece of music (music).... ... Dictionary Ushakova

PLAY, s, women. 1. A dramatic work for theatrical performance. 2. A short musical instrumental lyric or virtuoso composition. P. for button accordion. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

PLAY, play for women, French. dramatic, theatrical or musical composition. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dahl. 1863 1866 … Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Noun, g., used. often Morphology: (no) what? plays, why? play, (see) what? play, what? play, about what? about the play; pl. What? plays, (no) what? plays, what? plays, (see) what? plays, what? plays, about what? about plays 1. A play is a dramatic... ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

play- PLAY, PLAY, PLAY s, w. piece f. 1. Essay (scholarly); document. PPE. I know how much you love to read and are curious, for this reason I am enclosing one play, which is written as better than that it is forbidden. 1744. M. P. Bestuzhev Ryumin. // AB 2 230 ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

play- y, w. 1) A dramatic work for theatrical performance. [Treplev:] She... is against my play, because she is not playing, but Zarechnaya. She doesn’t know my play, but she already hates it (Chekhov). Synonyms: drama/ma 2) A little musical... ... Popular dictionary of the Russian language

play- a literary work intended for stage performance. Rubric: structure of a dramatic work Part: act Other associative connections: dramatic genres Play drama, comedy are the most difficult form of literature, difficult because ... Terminological dictionary-thesaurus in literary studies

Books

Play, notes, scene. A musical play for children in two acts. A fascinating journey into the fairy-tale plot of the book “The Red-haired Dreamer with Green Eyes”, Sergei Aleksandrovich Kazakevich. Near the fabulously beautiful Valdai lakes they live their fabulous life magical cats and cats, raising growing kittens. Danger and unusual adventures await them. Here a bird can carry away... eBook
Play, G. Fauré. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. Reprint sheet music edition "Pi?ce". Genres: Pieces; For treble instrument, piano; Scores featuring…

The play is form literary work written by a playwright, which usually consists of dialogue between characters and is intended to be read or theatrical performance; a small piece of music.

Use of the term

The term "play" refers to both the written texts of playwrights and their theatrical performances. Few playwrights, such as George Bernard Shaw, gave no preference regarding whether their plays would be read or performed on stage. The play is a form of drama based on the conflict between serious and complex nature . The term "play" is used in broad meaning– regarding the dramatic genre (drama, tragedy, comedy, etc.).

Play in music

A play in music (in this case the word is similar to Italian language pezzo, literally "piece") - an instrumental piece, often small in volume, which is written in the form of a period, simple or complex 2-3 private form or in the form of a rondo. In the name musical piece Its genre basis is often determined - dance (waltzes, polonaises, mazurkas by F. Chopin), march ("March tin soldiers" With " Children's album"P.I. Tchaikovsky), song ("Song without words" by F. Mendelssohn").

Origin

The term "play" - French origin. In this language the word piece includes several lexical meanings: part, piece, work, excerpt. Literary form the play passed long haul development from ancient times to the present. Already at the theater Ancient Greece two formed classic genre dramatic performances - tragedy and comedy. Later development theatrical arts enriched the genres and varieties of drama, and, accordingly, the typology of plays.

Genres of the play. Examples

A play is a form of literary work of dramatic genres, including:

Development of the play in literature

In literature, the play was initially viewed as a formal, generalized concept that indicated belonging work of art to the dramatic genre. Aristotle (Poetics, V and XVIII sections), N. Boileau (“Message VII to Racine”), G. E. Lessing (“Laocoon” and “Hamburg Drama”), J. W. Goethe (“Weimar Court Theatre”) used the term “play” as a universal concept, which applies to any genre of drama.

In the 18th century Dramatic works appeared, the titles of which included the word “play” (“The Play about the Accession of Cyrus”). In the 19th century the name "play" was used to denote lyric poem. Playwrights of the 20th century sought to expand the genre limits of drama by using not only different dramatic genres, but also other types of art (music, vocals, choreography, including ballet, cinema).

Compositional structure of the play

The compositional structure of the play's text includes a number of traditional formal elements:

title;
list of characters;
character text – dramatic dialogues, monologues;
stage directions (author's notes in the form of indicating the location of the action, character traits or a specific situation);

The textual content of the play is divided into separate complete semantic parts - actions or acts that can consist of episodes, phenomena or pictures. Some playwrights gave their works an author's subtitle, which meant genre specificity and the stylistic direction of the play. For example: “discussion play” by B. Shaw “Getting Married”, “parabola play” by B. Brecht “The Good Man from Sichuan”.

Functions of a play in art

The play had a strong influence on the development of the arts. World-famous artistic (theatrical, musical, cinematic, television) works are based on the plots of the plays:

operas, operettas, musicals, for example: W. A. Mozart’s opera “Don Giovanni, or the Punished Libertine” is based on the play by A. de Zamora; the source of the plot of the operetta “Truffaldino from Bergamo” is the play by C. Goldoni “The Servant of Two Masters”; musical " West Side Story» – adaptation of W. Shakespeare’s play “Romeo and Juliet”;
ballet performances, for example: the ballet “Peer Gynt”, staged based on the play of the same name by G. Ibsen;
cinematic works, for example: English film “Pygmalion” (1938) – film adaptation play of the same name B. Shaw; Feature Film“Dog in the Manger” (1977) is based on the play of the same name by Lope de Vega.

Modern meaning

The interpretation of the concept of a play as a universal definition of belonging to dramatic genres, which is widely used in modern literary criticism and literary practice. The concept of "play" is also applied to mixed dramatic works, combining the characteristics of different genres (for example: comedy-ballet, introduced by Moliere).

The word play comes from French piece, which means piece, part.