Diary entry. Essay in the form of diary entries
There is probably no girl in the world who does not keep a personal diary. I think boys also write their thoughts on paper, immediately hiding the notes in a secret place so that no one will read them. So today I decided to start a personal diary. This was facilitated by the teacher, who asked in the form diary entry.
Essay in the form of a diary entry
Well, hello diary. Here I will write my innermost and secret.
October 19
Today I became interested in how to keep a diary and what is generally included in diary entries. I think you can write about everything in a diary, especially about painful things. For example, today the teacher unfairly reprimanded me without understanding the situation. But the culprit was my classmate, whom I did not betray. Now I’m offended by the teacher and my mood today is not the best. Now I understand how good it is to have friends. So I was able to talk to them and my soul felt calm.
The 20th of October
Continuing my essay, I will write about cherished dream. I'm in 9th grade and I have a dream. So, my favorite diary and my diary entry, I have been dreaming of having a pet for a long time. I really want a parrot. This cheerful and vocal bird that can imitate human speech. I already know everything I need about these birds, because I have read a lot of different literature. I'll probably ask my mom and dad to give it to me for my birthday. Maybe my dream will come true after all, especially since my birthday is just around the corner. In the meantime, see you soon, my diary, because soon I will write my thoughts here again.
Lesson Plan
Subject Rhetoric Grade 6 Date _____________
Subject: Diary entries.
Target: introduce students to diary entries famous people, teach to identify genre features of diary entries, make children want to write down their thoughts, analyze their behavior on the pages of the diary.
Tasks: teach how to write essays of different genres (diary entries).
Epigraph:
It is very convenient to judge from the diary to yourself.
L.N. Tolstoy
Psychological preparation.
Teacher's word.
Today, guys, we will talk about diaries. What is a diary? What are his genre features? Let's get acquainted with the diary entries of famous people. Let's find out why diaries are kept. And maybe after our lesson some of you will have a desire to start your own diary.
- What do we call a diary?
From the dictionary of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov: DIARY, -a, m. I. Records of everyday affairs, current events, kept from day to day. Keep a diary. Diary of the expedition. 2. A student notebook for recording assigned lessons and for making notes on academic performance and behavior.
Today we will get to know in more detail the first meaning of the word.
Let's read an excerpt from the story by Anatoly Georgievich Aleksin
“The Extraordinary Adventures of Seva Kotlov”:
“To begin with, I painted the entire cover and the edges of the first page with human heads, animal figures, and tailed paintings. I began the first sentence three times and deliberately crossed out three times: I knew that this is exactly what famous prose writers and poets do with their manuscripts. But I didn’t know what to do next...”
Diaries are more attractive for their content than for their form. A person must have a good idea of why he is writing a diary, what he wants to express in it.
Before we begin a more detailed study of the genre features of diaries, let's get acquainted with the diary of a certain person. What do we learn about this man from his diary entries?
May 197...
More than anything in the world I love to draw!
Sometimes it seems to me that in my dreams I draw: I drive magic pencil across the blue canvas of the sky, and outlines appear...
Today I walked all day in his (Pushkin’s) park...
From the alley she walked deeper into the area, then along the softly rustling grass she again returned to the trampled grass. Red-yellow piles of leaves are like colored landmarks on the grassy area of the park... After a walk I really want to draw!
Yesterday I finished my new cycle " Last days poet"...
I don't want to end on a sad note... Let there be more sunny days which he (Pushkin) loved so much. I want everyone to be healthy and happy.
What can you say about this person?
He loves to draw, does it seriously, is interested in Pushkin's poetry, loves people and life.
Thus, we can conclude that the diary can be used to judge a person’s inner world, his hobbies and way of thinking.
But is it only?
From the diary of L. N. Tolstoy:
I never had a diary because I didn't see any benefit from it. Now, when I am developing my abilities, I will judge the progress of this development. The diary should contain a table of rules, and my future actions should be determined in the diary...
How do you understand the epigraph of our lesson?
So, what are diaries kept for?
A diary helps a person open up, this is especially important at a young age, when a person sometimes has no friends and suffers from loneliness.
A diary helps you put your thoughts in order, it disciplines you, and from the diary you can judge spiritual growth person.
Diary develops Creative skills, allows you to look at yourself from the outside after some time.
Learning new material.
Teacher's word.
Now let's try to figure out what features are characteristic of diary entries.
Identify and write down the genre characteristics of the following fragments.
January 8, 1817, Tsarskoye Selo. “I read my “Memoirs of Tsarskoe Selo” while standing two steps from Derzhavin. I am unable to describe the state of my soul: when I reached the verse where Derzhavin’s name was mentioned, my voice rang like an adolescent, and my heart beat with rapturous delight. I don’t remember how I finished reading, I don’t remember where I ran away to. Derzhavin was delighted, he demanded me, wanted to hug me.
They looked for me, but they didn’t find me.”
From whose diary are the lines presented?
Genre features:
Indication of the date and place of action.
1st person narration.
Notes based on initial impressions.
1815, Tsarskoe Selo.
I was happy! ...no, I was not happy yesterday: in the morning I was tormented by anticipation... Finally I lost hope, suddenly I accidentally meet her on the stairs - a sweet moment!
How sweet she was! How black dress befits dear Bakunina!
Genre features:
Emotionality. Expressive vocabulary.
Fragmentary notes.
Syntax: exclamation sentences, one-part sentences
To live honestly, you have to struggle, get confused, struggle, make mistakes, start and quit. And calmness is spiritual meanness!
From the diary of L. N. Tolstoy.
Genre features:
The inner world, thoughts and feelings of a person are reflected.
Monologue.
Distinctive features genre of diary entries:
An indication of the date, year, and sometimes the time of day, chronology is maintained.
The place is called (city, educational institution, village, country).
The narration is conducted from the 1st person.
Notes based on initial impressions.
Monologue
Fragmentary thoughts, brevity of notes.
The recordings reflect the inner world, appear more clearly personal qualities person.
The presence of one-part, incomplete, exclamatory sentences.
Use of emotionally charged vocabulary.
Consolidation of the studied material.
Exercise. Knowing the genre features of diary entries, try to write your own text that reflects your mood. Imagine that you see a gloomy sky, rain, a belated ray from behind a cloud. And a text appears on paper, conveying your state of mind, either good, not spoiled by the weather, or tearful, in tune with this bad weather. Try to convey these states of mind in the genre of a diary entry.
The guys read out their completed work.
Lesson summary.
Let's summarize our lesson.
Why are diaries kept?
What are distinctive features diary entries?
Do any of you keep personal diaries now? Why?
Do you know works of art whose authors resorted to the form of diaries? (D Defoe "Robinson Crusoe")
Marks for the lesson.
Homework: Make diary entries based on personal impressions of the week you have lived.
Diary entry
Thursday, August 8th, turned out to be memorable. Today is Monday next week, but he can’t get it out of his head. I have to write it down.
The evening was dedicated to beginners. Among them was school teacher. During the war, he volunteered for the tank corps, was wounded and, it seems, was awarded twice. Naturally, now he wants to reflect his experiences during the war in literature, although he accumulated the richest material in another area - in the area of village life and observations of natural phenomena. This also affected his work. The story, generally worthless from the point of view of the plot, turned out to be magnificent in its individual inclusions in the waste. The very title of the first story, “Perch - He Lives in the Roots,” attracts attention. The title of the phrase, in my opinion, is one of the most difficult. Here you need to choose something very bright and short. Rarely does anyone succeed. Here, it seems to me, luck is undeniable. By this short phrase If you see the main character, at least paint a portrait. So a wide-bearded old man stands in front of you, perhaps with a bald head, or even with gray curls. He may not be very distant, but he believes in himself and is inclined to teach. “Perch lives in the roots.” A wide beard and a “thick” voice are quite appropriate here. This is not a tenor, not sly eyes and a narrow beard. Then there would be other phrases: “Perch - he loves roots.” Even better was the name of one of the characters- Pavelko. It just amazed me. I myself bear this name, I know, it seems, all its changes: Pasha, Pashutka, Pashunya, Pavlik, Pavlushka, Pavka, Pashka, etc., but I didn’t even imagine this. And at the same time it is incredibly simple and natural. It’s kind of one of the endless indicators that you can sit in your leather-lined pants at your desk and not come up with anything you can overhear in life. And this gives impetus to your word formations. After Pavelko, it is not surprising to compose something of the same kind. The story turned out to be rich in details taken from observations of nature. It is felt that the author knows a lot and is able to convey those vivid sayings that have developed among the people as a generalization of these observations. Of course, the loon coughs, and the quail complains - “here they lead you!” Here they will lead you!” I was pleasantly impressed that the author does not rush off the beaten path too easily.
There is a place in the story when an old fisherman must undress and climb into the water to pull out a perch. By all literary traditions in this case, it is supposed that it smells, that the person examines his naked body with swollen veins and blue veins. Regarding a tanned, wrinkled neck, the supplement is also familiar. There is none of this in the story, and it gives the impression of freshness. This is how it should be, so that the reader does not remember: “But this is the same with Bunin, and this is with Chekhov.” And more correctly, it seems that in simple village conditions such details as undressing or dressing are not noticed. I need to undress. What's unusual here? On this occasion, I remembered an incident from my newspaper work. We were driving, it seems, in the Talitsky district. It was necessary to ask the way to one of the artels, where we were making our way with the agronomist, I remember, Belonogov (I still had to travel quite a bit with him). They asked the shepherds. They pointed along the road and explained: “You see, the girls are swimming. So, before you get a little further, you will see a turn off to the left. You can’t see it from here behind the forest.” Then, looking towards the swimmers, they added: “Look at them, cholera, the cape is full!” It’s no different from the artel. Close here. You ask which one. He carries it out, otherwise the fence will go away when they turn, there are many paths, but everything is in the forest. It’s easy to get lost.” This simplicity of relationships, which presupposes the ability to ask directions from “swimming girls,” was remembered here. The girls would probably have started squealing at first, but then, having learned that they were being asked “about business,” they would calmly explain. But we, city people, were shy and, as a result, having set off faithfully along the path, we later became entangled in its many branches. In the evening in the artel they laughed at us: “They were scared of our girls. They thought, look, they’re goblins!” “So they guessed at the factory potato plant. It’s almost like we’ve traveled fifteen miles, but here we can’t even get two.” “The girls really scared them away! They don’t see the light, they’re chasing in vain!”
A village man, although he had been working at school for over twenty years, the author absorbed this simplicity and passed by such a moment as undressing and dressing, but he did not forget to vividly imagine the old man, mentioning the emerging beard. This emerging beard is also a noticeable indicator that the narrator has undoubted qualities as a writer: he sees those about whom he writes.
His second story, “Ide - a cunning fish,” is something completely different. First of all, the title. Placed next to the previous one, it seems deliberate. It seems that the author took up fishing stories. The rustic framing here is done much worse. There is nothing that would be remembered in the same way as in the previous, plot-wise, useless story. But here we found very original story a military story with a deep philosophical generalization. Moreover, details emerged that were not always available to the writer even with the rank of war correspondent. There may be physical intimacy, but there are always elements of tension, the same as, for example, when taking photographs. People are sometimes asked to “be more free, more natural,” but everyone nevertheless remembers that “he is being filmed” and tries to “appear better.” Here one feels a closeness of a different order: the author sees people in everyday situations as they do in reality. As a political worker in one of the combat units, he, twice wounded, was, of course, not an outside spectator, but one of the participants in the life of an ordinary soldier and therefore could see it in its entirety and without embellishment. It seems true that the Red Army soldiers, during forced idleness, talk... about fishing. One of the fighters turned out to be a specialist in catching ides. They laugh at him a little, they don’t quite trust that such a specialty exists. In response, he talks in some detail about the peculiarities of ide fishing. This story is told at length and is complicated by side details, but this does not prevent the reader from understanding that catching ides is essentially a very difficult sport that requires great observation, endurance and patience. The story ends with the narrator calling the commander. The remaining fighters are talking among themselves about the one who left.
Ide hunter! No wonder he brought up eight languages. I learned how to catch ides.
Again, an excursion into personal memories. Krasnokamsk during its construction. Questionnaire from the Construction Committee on how someone spent their month off. Of the thirty-two responses, the majority were considered “cultural.” Translated into colloquial this means that people took vouchers and went somewhere. Including, I remember, Shartash and Sysert were mentioned. (Back then Krasnokamsk was still part of Sverdlovsk region.) But they also turned out to be “uncultured”. One, as it appears on the sheet, spent a whole month fishing on Lysva, the other berry-picking and haymaking. They tried to turn such people “toward culture,” but is it necessary? Living for a month on the Kama bank, in my opinion, is no worse than in Sysert, which I know and love as the place of my homeland, but still I do not dare to say that it is worth going from the Kama to the stagnant waters of the pond. There is nothing to say about Shartash.
It also seems wrong to underestimate some types of old Russian sports, such as fishing. Some reminder of this, even if it is given in passing, seems useful.
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Memoirs(fr. memoires), memories- notes from contemporaries telling about events in which the author of the memoirs took part or which are known to him from eyewitnesses. Important Feature memoirs is to focus on the “documentary” nature of the text, which claims to be authentic to the reconstructed past.
The following memoir genres are usually classified as such genres in literary criticism: : memoirs (in in the narrow sense words), notes, notebooks, autobiographies, obituaries, diaries.
Apparently, without referring to this priceless heritage it is difficult to understand and current state literature. Therefore, our task is to analyze the historical changes in the diary as a genre memoir literature, elucidating the stages of the genre’s evolution using the example of diaries of Russian and foreign authors.
The diary genre is one of the oldest genres in literature, the first information about which dates back to the origins of writing.
Diary as a literary genre
“To learn to write, you have to write. Therefore, write letters to friends, keep a diary, write memories, they can and should be written as early as possible - not a bad thing even in early years- about my childhood, for example"(D.S. Likhachev)
A diary is an important and, in a sense, famous attribute school life. But besides the usual diary (as a form of recording student progress), there is a diary as literary genre, How oldest form verbal creativity.
Probably some of you also keep your personal diaries, recording events from your life. Today I would like to introduce you to information from the history of the diary tradition, about the construction of the diary, about its intellectual and artistic possibilities. In short, to help you master the basics of this most popular form of writing.
There are many definitions of a diary. One of them, owned by M.O. Chudakova, precise and clear, seems especially acceptable for school practice: “Diary- a form of narration conducted in the first person in the form of daily entries"(Short Literary Encyclopedia).
As a rule, diaries begin to be kept in adolescence. Daily entries may contain generalizations, reflections, notes about books read, newspaper news or the weather. Often their keeping is dictated by the desire of the author of diary entries to trace his own spiritual development; The diary also serves as a means of self-education and self-organization.
History of the diary
- The development of diary entries began from the 10th century. These are the texts various types diary genre: “walking”, travel, travel essays, autobiographical records that are still difficult to separate from journalism and chronicle narration, for example, the essay by Andrei Kurbsky “The History of the Grand Duke of Moscow...”.
- From 13th to 19th centuries. publication begins in Russia notebooks and diaries, travel notes ( Gildenstedt I.“Diary of a trip through the Sloboda-Ukrainian province of Academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences Gildenstedt in August and September 1774”; “Notes of Prince Boris Ivanovich Kurakin about his stay in England, departure to Russia to join the army, travel with Tsar Peter Alekseevich to Carlsbad and his appointment to the congress in Utrecht. 1710–1711–1712"; Vyazemsky P."From an old notebook").
- Since the 20th century Thanks to the use of fragmentary forms of writing by writers, the diary form of narration is becoming widespread in modern times. literary process. So, an example of such a diary is Pechorin’s diary in M.Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time.” In the novel, the diary is not only a way author's characteristics and the form of self-expression of the hero, but also the subject of the image human soul. In the novel, the diary genre itself is analyzed. It seems to split into two and loses its value-semantic indisputability: the diary introduces us to complex world Pechorin, makes you believe in the genuineness of his spiritual movements. The question of the essence of the diary as a genre grows here into a serious social and moral problem. On the one hand, a diary allows for unhindered analysis of the environment and self-analysis, and serves to preserve the memory of what happened and what has changed one’s mind. But on the other hand, the diary leads to spiritual fragmentation - the hero secretly executes those around him with the word of the diary hidden from them.
So, a diary is, first of all, a technique psychological image hero. By introducing a diary into the text of his novel, Lermontov allows you to see how complex states of mind the hero's ideas are decomposed into elements and thereby explained and become clear to the reader. And finally, in a work that uses a diary as a form of artistic narration, the position of the author is quite sharply separated from the position of the character, so that there can be no question of the individualities of the author and the hero being combined.
Entire works are written in the form of a diary. Thus, “Notes of a Madman” by N.V. Gogol is such a work when the personal memories and impressions of the author, who knew the life and psychology of St. Petersburg officials, are reflected in the form of a diary.
* Blogs consist of “posts” (a post is a message in a diary), each of which contains the date and time of publication, as well as links to pages with photographs, comments and the name of the author. But unlike a household diary, which is a system of entries associated with a specific date, blog entries from different users appear in the news feed and are replaced by others over time; the time intervals that actually exist between them cannot be reflected online.
The main difference between a LiveJournal diary and an everyday diary is the blog author’s focus on finding like-minded people, people who share it life position, - to communicate with them. The author creates a communicatively competent text to which the potential recipient would want to react in one way or another.
* Twitter is an analogue of a diary.
Regardless of the form in which the diary will be kept, you need to learn how to thoughtfully make entries in it.
Basic rules for keeping a diary
1. “Not a day without a line” (Yu. Olesha).
2. Date each entry.
3. Be sincere and honest in your notes.
4. Don't read someone else's diary without permission!
In addition to household chores, you can conduct reader's diary, indicating in it:
- author and title of the book;
- imprint: place of publication, publisher, year;
- the time of creation of the work, as well as the time discussed in the book;
- It is advisable to indicate the theme of the work;
- V general outline state the content;
- formulate an idea for a book;
- write down general impression from the book.
MM. Prishvin kept a diary all his life. He was convinced that if all the records were collected in one volume, the book would be the book for which he was born. According to estimates from Prishvin’s publishers, the manuscripts of his diaries are three times larger than the actual volume works of art author. As Prishvin himself wrote, “the form of small diary entries has become more my form than any other” (1940). And shortly before his death, in 1951, looking back at his life, he admitted: “It was probably due to my literary naivety (I am not a writer) that I spent the main forces of my writing on writing my diaries.”
Literary works in diary form(“Demicoton Book” in “Soboryans” by N.S. Leskov, “Pechorin’s Journal” in “Hero of Our Time” by M.Yu. Lermontov, “Chapaev” by D.A. Furmanov, “Diary” extra person» I.S. Turgenev, “The Diary of Kostya Ryabtsev” by N. Ognev, “The Village Diary” by E.Ya. Dorosha). (Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe)
Why do you need a personal diary? What is its use?
Almost each of us has secrets that we cannot tell even to our closest people. Either we are afraid that we will not be understood and judged, or something else... But sometimes these very secrets cause very strong emotional experiences, which, not finding a way out, can eventually affect a person’s behavior. If you throw out your experiences on paper, it will serve as a kind of psychological relief. And then - the paper will endure everything and certainly will not condemn you for your revelations.
In addition, when we describe a problem that we have been struggling with for several days, expressing our thoughts sometimes helps us find the right solution. After all, when we write, we, willy-nilly, have to organize the emotional chaos that is happening inside us, and putting things in order very often helps us find exactly what we are looking for - no matter whether it is a thing or a way out of a difficult situation.
You can also write down ideas that you have in your personal diary. Who knows, maybe through certain period In time, this entry, when you re-read it at your leisure, will give you a new impetus for development.
The diary can also reflect in detail the process of working on yourself if, for example, you decide to develop certain traits in yourself, learn new skills or get rid of an old habit. Such a detailed description will allow you to see your weaknesses and strengths, as well as how far you have come towards your goal.
Some people write in a journal every day at the end of the day, describing what happened, how they felt, and reflecting on what happened, what worked or didn't work, and why.
Anyway, conducting personal diary allows you to be more attentive to yourself, to your inner world, more consciously perceive feelings and emotions and, over time, understand the reasons for their occurrence.
A personal diary is an excellent interlocutor who will not interrupt you and will always listen to you to the end. Although, of course, whether to conduct it or not is everyone’s personal choice.
The diary is one of the most democratic literary genres. Keeping a diary is accessible to every literate person, and the benefits it brings are enormous: daily entries, even small ones, in a few lines, teach attention to oneself and others, develop self-analysis skills, cultivate sincerity, observation, develop a taste for the word, accurate judgment, strict a polished phrase.
Let's draw conclusions: the diary genre, acquiring various features in the course of evolution, on modern stage is characterized as follows: “A diary is a genre of memoir literature, which is characterized by the form of first-person narration, kept in the form of everyday, usually dated, synchronous records from the point of view of the system of reflecting reality. The diary is distinguished by extreme sincerity and trust. All diary entries are usually written for oneself.
D/z: During the week, starting from today, every day write down any events from your life, everything that you would like to note in your diary. We'll see what you got in a week.
Robinson Crusoe's Diary
From then on, I started keeping my diary, writing down everything I did during the day. At first I had no time for notes: I was too overwhelmed with work; Moreover, I was then depressed by such gloomy thoughts that I was afraid that they would be reflected in my diary.
But now, when I finally managed to cope with my melancholy, when, having ceased to lull myself with fruitless dreams and hopes, I set about arranging my home, put my household in order, made myself a table and a chair, and generally made myself as comfortable and cozy as possible, I started writing my diary...
Our ship, caught in the open sea by a terrible storm, was wrecked. The entire crew, except me, drowned; I, unfortunate Robinson Crusoe, was thrown half-dead onto the shore of this damned island, which I called the Island of Despair.
Until late at night I was oppressed by the darkest feelings: after all, I was left without food, without shelter; I had neither clothes nor weapons; I had nowhere to hide if my enemies attacked me. There was nowhere to wait for salvation. I saw only death ahead: either I would be torn to pieces beasts of prey, either the savages will kill me, or I will die of starvation.
When night came, I climbed a tree because I was afraid of animals. I slept soundly all night, even though it was raining.
Waking up in the morning, I saw that our ship had been refloated by the tide and driven much closer to the shore. This gave me hope that when the wind died down, I would be able to get to the ship and stock up on food and other necessary things. I cheered up a little, although the sadness for my fallen comrades did not leave me. I kept thinking that if we had stayed on the ship, we would certainly have been saved. Now, from its wreckage, we could build a longboat, on which we would get out of this disastrous place.
As soon as the tide began to go out, I went to the ship. First I walked along the exposed seabed, and then I started swimming. The rain did not stop all that day, but the wind died down completely.
Today I noticed that I have very few crackers left. Strict frugality must be observed. I counted all the bags and decided to eat no more than one cracker a day. It's sad, but nothing can be done.
Today is the sad anniversary of my arrival on the island. I counted the notches on the post, and it turned out that I had been living here for exactly three hundred and sixty-five days!
Will I ever be lucky enough to escape from this prison to freedom?
I recently discovered that I have very little ink left. It will be necessary to spend them more economically: until now I kept my notes daily and entered all sorts of little things there, but now I will write down only the outstanding events of my life.
