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Eugene Onegin- type of “extra person”

The novel "Eugene Onegin", written by A. S. Pushkin in 1823 - 1831, truly became the first truly realistic work. In it, the author reliably depicted contemporary reality, recreated it in the image of Eugene Onegin typical image young man 20s of the XIX century.

This is a representative of freedom-loving youth, but at the same time, bored, disappointed and dissatisfied. Onegin lives according to the principles of the surrounding society, but at the same time he is far from it in his interests and moral character, he turns out to be an “extra person.” Eugene Onegin opens up a whole “gallery of superfluous people” in Russian literature.

Let's try to explain the reasons why Onegin found himself outside the life around him. He received a typical education for his time, he was raised by the French:

At first Madame followed him.
Then Monsieur replaced her...

The home education Onegin received was very superficial. He learned “a little something and somehow.” As a result

He's completely French
He could express himself and wrote;
I danced the mazurka easily
And I'm having fun...

This was quite enough for “the world to decide that he was smart and very nice.” By his social status, Onegin belonged to high society and led a lifestyle typical of this circle: he attended theaters, balls, and receptions. The author describes in detail the routine for “ young rake“, but then it turns out that Onegin has long been tired of this way of life, “he was tired of the noise of the world,” he “had completely lost interest in life.” The author tries to find the reasons for Onegin’s “Russian blues”.

Eugene Onegin lives in a secular society, follows its laws, but at the same time he is alien to it. The reason for this lies not in society, but in himself. Onegin lives without a goal in life, he has nothing to strive for, he languishes in inaction. Tired of the bright, hectic life of the world, “Onegin locked himself at home,” he tries to join in some activity:

I wanted to write, but it’s hard work
He felt sick; Nothing
It didn't come from his pen...

Onegin begins to read, but soon he “covered the shelf with books with mourning taffeta.” Onegin does not find a place for himself in life. He leaves St. Petersburg and goes to the village in the hope of finding himself, but even here, only for two days, a new solitary place seemed to him. And soon he “saw clearly that in the village there was the same boredom.” And here he turns out to be an “extra person.” Onegin is alien to provincial society, first of all, in his social status and education.

Here Evgeniy has to go through two very serious tests: friendship and love, but he fails to withstand them. Onegin kills his friend Lensky in a duel, and in his relationship with Tatyana such a trait of his character as selfishness manifests itself. Onegin could have prevented the death of his friend; it was in his will to prevent the duel, but he did not do this, being afraid " public opinion" As V. G. Belinsky accurately noted, Onegin is a “suffering egoist,” “a reluctant egoist.” This means that Eugene was a man with good inclinations, but he was spoiled by his secular upbringing and the social environment to which he belonged.

In his relationship with Tatyana, this negative trait of his character also manifested itself. Having read a letter from a young girl in which she confesses her love to him, Onegin responds with coldness and reprimands her. There may be two explanations for this: on the one hand, Onegin did not want to lose his freedom by marrying Tatyana, and on the other, he saw in her a provincial girl, unequal to him in social status. The latter is also confirmed by the fact that, having met Tatyana for the second time as a society lady who has become a “trendsetter,” Onegin passionately falls in love with the inaccessible princess, but now he has to listen to the refusal. Onegin again experiences disappointment, he again turns out to be an “unnecessary, superfluous person.”

The image of Evgeny Onegin is very contradictory. Negative traits his character - individualism, selfishness, coldness, practical inactivity - are combined in him with positive ones, such as “direct nobility of soul.” In him we see signs of progressiveness and enlightenment. The image of Eugene Onegin is typical of the era described in the novel, but at the same time he stands out from the environment to which he belongs. First of all, he is distinguished by a “sharp, cooled mind”, a penchant for “caustic argument” and “a joke with bile in half.” He is far from secular and provincial nobility, which he surpasses with his intelligence, but he cannot be classified as a progressive youth, since he has no ideal in life to strive for.

Thus, Eugene Onegin becomes a “superfluous man.” Belonging to the light, he despises it. Onegin does not find his true purpose and place in life; he is burdened by his loneliness. In the words of Herzen, “Onegin... extra person in the environment where he finds himself, without having the necessary strength of character to break out of it.”

There are works in Russian literature in which the main characters are a type of “superfluous person.” One of such works is the novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”. It is believed that it was in Pushkin’s novel that the first “extra person” in literature appeared.

The very concept of “superfluous person” was formulated by I.S. Turgenev in mid-19th century. “Superfluous” was a name given to a hero from a noble background who is in conflict with society, unable to realize himself in accordance with his knowledge and abilities. He was always smarter than others, so he could not exist in harmony with society, which raised him according to its laws.

Eugene Onegin - main character novel by A.S. Pushkin - is precisely such an “extra person”. Let's try to understand this issue. Why does Onegin belong to this type of people? Who is he? What place does it occupy in society?

Evgeny Onegin comes from the nobility. He received a good education, although we feel the irony in some Pushkin's lines: “...the poor Frenchman, / So that the child would not be tormented, / Taught him everything in jest...” Onegin “cut his hair latest fashion; / Dressed like a London dandy,” knows French, Latin, speaks beautifully, knows how to dance, can carry on any conversation. Secular society accepted Eugene with open arms: “The world decided / That he is smart and very nice.” Onegin plunged headlong into social life. Every day he travels to guests, to balls, to masquerades. He is welcome everywhere, women love him and wait for his attention. But all these idle days, entertainment, empty conversations bored Evgeniy. He cannot find a place for himself in this society.

Having accidentally “by the will of fate” arrived in the village, Onegin could have begun new life. He tries to write, but nothing worthwhile comes out of his pen, he takes up a book, but also cannot do this for a long time. Although in the village Onegin takes up running his own household. He even facilitates the peasant “tribute”: “He replaced the ancient corvée with a yoke / With an easy quitrent.” But it doesn't last long. Onegin is not capable of constantly doing something. Everything becomes boring and monotonous. This is the imprint of the same public education. Even in love, Onegin cannot be himself. He responds to Tatyana Larina’s sincere confession with a moralizing speech about how a girl should behave. He does not accept her love, talking about his social manners and preferences. And two years later you will bitterly regret it.

Onegin is smarter and more educated than the society in which he lives. He has his own talent, but he is not able to use it. Those laws, beliefs, orders that live in the world did not make Onegin happy. He is an extra person. And he is unlikely to be able to live in harmony with himself and society. A.S. Pushkin gives the reader the opportunity to imagine what Onegin will be like later; he leaves the ending of the novel open. But, in my opinion, Evgeny Onegin will retain the type of “superfluous man.”

Vyazkova Veronica

The novel "Eugene Onegin" occupies central place in the works of A.S. Pushkin. Eight years of hard work were devoted to the product. “The work of Pushkin, who created the first Russian novel and even in verse, is enormous,” wrote V.G. Belinsky. When reading the novel, one gets the impression that the author did not want to prove anything and did not have any clear idea. But in reality A.S. Pushkin showed various pictures of Russian life at the beginning of the 19th century, and painted types of representatives of noble society characteristic of that era.

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Onegin is an “extra” person in society.

The novel “Eugene Onegin” occupies a central place in the work of A.S. Pushkin. Eight years of hard work were devoted to the product. “The work of Pushkin, who created the first Russian novel and even in verse, is enormous,” wrote V.G. Belinsky. When reading the novel, one gets the impression that the author did not want to prove anything and did not have any clear idea. But in reality A.S. Pushkin showed various pictures of Russian life at the beginning of the 19th century, and painted types of representatives of noble society characteristic of that era.

The “Hero of Time” is presented in the image of Eugene Onegin. He educated person, but “superfluous” to society. In an effort not only to show, but also to explain the reasons for the appearance of such a hero in Russian life, Pushkin talks in detail about what happened to him before the plot action began. Before us is a picture of the upbringing, education, pastime and interests of a typical rich, secular young man. Outwardly busy, his life turns out to be monotonous. This leads to the appearance of a kind of “disease of the century” in Onegin - the blues. The hero is trying to do something: he reads, writes, but “he was sick of persistent work.” This is no longer so much the influence of the environment as the quality of his nature. Onegin's laziness and apathy also manifest themselves when he moves to the village. There there is a meeting between a “Russian European” and a dreamy girl, sincere in her impulses and capable of deep feelings. This meeting could be salvation for Onegin. But one of the consequences of his illness is “premature old age of the soul.” Having appreciated Tatyana, he does not find it in himself mental strength to respond to a girl's feelings. In his monologue-“sermon” in the garden, there is a sincere confession of the soul, and the caution of a secular person, but most importantly, callousness and selfishness. For such a person, freedom is above all; it cannot be limited by anything, including family ties. Only as a result tragic events Changes begin in the hero. Lensky's death is the price of Onegin's transformation. The “bloody shadow” of a friend awakens frozen feelings in him, his conscience drives him out of these places. It took time to realize that freedom can become “hateful” in order to be reborn for love. IN last chapter novel, the scale of Onegin’s worldview changed, who finally realized himself not only as an independent person, but also as part of a huge country with rich history. Now he has become a stranger to secular society, and kindred spirit he is looking for Tatyana, who is just as different from everyone else.. Intense experiences and reflections enriched him inner world. From now on, he is able not only to coldly analyze, but also to deeply feel and love. Whether Onegin will find moral support in life or become an even more devastated person is unknown: the ending of the novel is open. Pushkin does not suggest clear solutions; only life itself can answer such questions. “What happened to Onegin later?.. We don’t know, and why should we know this when we know that the forces of this rich nature were left without application, life without meaning, and the novel without end?” wrote V.G. Belinsky.

I think that Onegin is the saddest character, the most tragic. He did not overcome life's obstacles, missed his happiness and continued to suffer to the end, tormented by remorse for the death of a friend, from the realization that his life was colorless, dull, meaningless. Eugene continues to exist only until the very end. I believe this is precisely the tragedy of this character - he was useless to anyone, superfluous in this world.

The transformation of Onegin into a “superfluous man” was certainly inevitable at that time. He belonged to that enlightened part noble intelligentsia, who avoided serving tsarism, did not want to be in the ranks of the silent ones, but stood aloof from social activities. These people, troubled through life in search of their place and a worthy cause, were never able to find their calling and guess their destiny, and were unable to recover from their terrible illness. Pushkin’s undoubted merit is that in his novel he showed the tragedy of “superfluous people” and the reasons for their appearance among the noble intelligentsia of the 20s of the 19th century.

(362 words)

In the novel by the great A.S. Pushkin’s “Eugene Onegin” depicts before us an excerpt from the life of a Russian nobleman Empire XIX century. It is through this representative of high society that the author gives an extensive description of the life and morals of the privileged class.

The novel begins with a story about Onegin's childhood. Our hero's father led an idle life, which ultimately led to his ruin. He had little interest in his son, so the young man was placed in the care of a careless Frenchman who was completely irresponsible in his education. So, even though he was a nobleman, Eugene was a poorly educated person, but he was still known in high society as a real intellectual. Having begun to lead a full social life, he completely surrendered to passions and vices. He gave particular preference love affairs, becoming a real thief of women's hearts. But after some time, our hero lost interest in balls, art and novels. Having lost interest in entertainment, he fell into despondency and blues. Unfortunately, his story is by no means an exception. Pushkin showed how the idleness and irresponsibility of an entire class leads to the appearance of many young, beautiful, well-mannered, but empty and unadapted young men - superfluous people.

Feeling the purposelessness of his existence, Onegin left the world and soon moved to the provinces. With this change of scenery, Eugene hoped to dispel his blues, but rural nature and worries about the household soon bored him. Of all the neighbors, he was able to get close only with Lensky. But in the end everything turns into tragedy. If the hero had dealt with high society, nothing terrible would have happened, because the behavior characteristic of Onegin was the norm for high society his time. But among the provincial landowners this caused a storm of indignation, and the offended poet in anger called his best friend for a duel. It seems that it would be possible to quell the absurd conflict by apologizing, but in the capital, repentance would be a disgrace for Eugene, and he could not allow this. In the end, the young man gives his life in vain. This is what it's all about major tragedy Onegin. Wanting to leave a spiritless environment, he cannot get rid of secular habits that alienate him from ordinary people. That is why the main character of the novel is an extra person, doomed to eternal loneliness.

Being a nobleman, Pushkin saw decay in the 19th century noble class. Extra people are its consequence. The poet believed that sooner or later this would lead to the collapse of the elite and the death of the empire. And, as we know, he was not mistaken.

ABSTRACT on LITERATURE

“Eugene Onegin – “an extra man””

1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….3

2 MAIN PART

2. 1 The theme of the “superfluous man” in literature……………4

2. 2 The image of Evgeny Onegin……………………………….4

3 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………..5

4 LIST OF REFERENCES……….…6

1. INTRODUCTION

Evgeny Onegin is a novel in verse by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, written in 1823-1831, one of the most significant works Russian literature. About nine years, almost half of my life creative life, Pushkin devoted to the creation of the novel, putting into it the fruits of “a mind of cold observations and a heart of sorrowful notes.”

With all the breadth of the novel’s themes, “Eugene Onegin” is, first of all, a novel about the mental life and quests of the Russian noble intelligentsia of the 20s of the 19th century. Pushkin turned to creating the image of his contemporary in his early romantic works, for example, in " Caucasian prisoner" However, the hero of this work did not satisfy the author, as he turned out to be romantic. The circumstances in which he acted were hothouse, his past remained vague, the reasons for his disappointment were unclear. Therefore, Pushkin returned to the idea of ​​​​creating a typical image of a contemporary in his main work - the novel Eugene Onegin.

Now we also have a disappointed hero, and in this we can see a connection with romantic poems, however, he is depicted in a completely different way: his upbringing, education, and the environment in which he was born and lives is described in detail. The poet not only indicates obvious signs of his disappointment, but sets out to explain the reasons that gave rise to it.

The concept of “an extra person” appeared in 1850, when I. S. Turgenev’s “Diary of an Extra Man” was published. However, in Pushkin’s drafts there is a remark that Onegin at a social event “stands like something superfluous,” and it was Pushkin who for the first time in Russian literature creates the image of a “superfluous person.”

The purpose of the essay: to study the image of Eugene Onegin in the novel.

Task: 1) consider the topic of the “extra person” in literature;

2) analyze the image of Eugene Onegin.

2 MAIN PART

2. 1 The theme of the “superfluous man” in literature

To some extent, the theme of the “extra person” is the opposite of the theme “ little man" If the theme of the “little man” is seen as a justification for everyone’s fate, then here, on the contrary, there is a categorical impulse “one of us is superfluous,” which can both relate to the hero and come from the hero. The superfluous person most often turns out to be the one who denounces everyone.

"Extra person" is a certain literary type, which includes a set of characters close in their worldview, occupation and spiritual appearance. Literary scholars of the 20th century call Onegin, Pechorin, Chatsky, Oblomov, etc. “superfluous people.”

2. 2 Image of Evgeny Onegin

The image of Evgeny Onegin is very contradictory. The negative traits of his character - individualism, selfishness, coldness, practical inactivity - are combined in him with positive ones, such as “straight nobility of soul.” In him we see signs of progressiveness and enlightenment. The image of Eugene Onegin is typical of the era described in the novel, but, at the same time, he stands out from the environment to which he belongs. First of all, he is distinguished by a “sharp, cooled mind”, a penchant for “caustic argument” and “a joke with bile in half.” He is far from the secular and provincial nobility, which he surpasses with his intelligence, but he cannot be classified as a progressive youth, since he has no ideal in life to strive for. Thus, Eugene Onegin becomes a “superfluous man.”

Belonging to the light, he despises it. Onegin does not find his true purpose and place in life; he is burdened by his loneliness. In the words of Herzen, “Onegin... is an extra person in the environment where he is, not possessing the necessary strength of character to break out of it.”

3 CONCLUSION

So, let me summarize my essay.

Evgeny Onegin - “secular St. Petersburg young man”, metropolitan aristocrat; “A child of fun and luxury,” he received what was typical for aristocratic youth of that time home education and education under the guidance of a French tutor, who, “so as not to exhaust the child, taught him everything jokingly, did not bother him with strict morals...”

Onegin leads a life typical of the “golden youth” of that time: balls, restaurants, walks along Nevsky Prospect, visiting theaters. It took him eight years. But Onegin stands out from the general mass of aristocratic youth. Pushkin notes his “involuntary devotion to dreams, inimitable strangeness and a sharp, chilled mind,” a sense of honor, and nobility of soul. This could not but lead Onegin to disappointment in life, in secular society.

It should be noted that declaring someone superfluous is not a Russian tradition at all. Brought up on Orthodox soil, our writers could not help but feel this, which went against their public positions. One can assume that there are no superfluous people in this world and in literature, then all that remains is the hero’s awareness of himself as superfluous. We can say that there is certain stereotype"an extra person." Both Evgeny Onegin and Alexander Andreevich Chatsky open the theme of the “superfluous man” in Russian literature of the 19th century.

But I think that Onegin and Chatsky can be considered not only as “extra” people, but also as individuals! V. G. Belinsky called Onegin a “reluctant egoist,” a “suffering egoist,” because society made him such a “strong, remarkable nature.” This suggests that under the stereotype of the “extra person” one can unite the most different heroes, which, however, have common problem. They can't find their place in society, so it's not a matter of social status, but in the inner conviction of the hero.

4 LIST OF REFERENCES USED

1. Afanasyev V.V. A.S. Pushkin. – M., 1991.

2. Belinsky V.G. Articles about Pushkin. - Saratov, 1990.

3. Vatsuro V.E. Commentator's notes. St. Petersburg, 1994

4. Eidelman N.Ya. Pushkin: From biography and creativity. 1826-1837. M., 1987