DIY postcards for Chukovsky's work. The fascinating and rich history of New Year's toys

thematic planning on this topic " Cloth".Calendar plan for the month of February 2 younger Cloth" Main tasks of the week

original craft.

What do you need?

• 
  Paper bag,
• 
  scissors,
• 
  threads,
• 
  paper,
• 
  pencils.

Cut the paper bag from the top into strips up to

middle. Then you need to twist it like this

as if you were wringing out laundry.

Branches are made from straightened and twisted strips. The tree is ready! It is very stable.

Now you need to print out pictures of shoes on a printer or draw boots, shoes, sandals, shoes yourself. Color it and hang it on the branches with a string. The miracle tree is ready! It can serve as a decoration for a child's room!

The second version of the “Miracle Tree” is made from paper cylinders

What do you need?

• 
  One paper cylinder (it can be made

• 
  colored paper,
• 
  drawn or printed

• 
  scissors,
• 
  glue.

Make a tree crown from colored paper and

glue shoes to it (or better

draw and color). Glue the crown to

cylinder. The miracle tree is ready in 5-10 minutes!

Everything is very simple, fast and beautiful! After that,

Once the beautiful craft is made, you can play!

Craft-toy “Crocodile, Crocodile, Crocodilovich”

Do you know which of Chukovsky’s fairy tales the hero is a crocodile? “Crocodile”, “Cockroach”, “Stolen Sun”, “Confusion”, “Barmaley”, “Moidodyr”, “Telephone”.

Before becoming a children's writer, Chukovsky did a lot of translations, wrote articles, literary critic. One day he got sick little son. At this time they were traveling on the train. The boy was capricious and crying. Then Korney Ivanovich began to tell him a fairy tale. “Once upon a time there was a crocodile, he walked the streets.” The boy calmed down, and the next day he asked his father to tell him the same fairy tale again...

This is how the fairy tale “Crocodile” appeared, with its main character - Krokodilovich!

Once upon a time there lived a Crocodile.
He walked the streets
Spoke in Turkish -
Crocodile, Crocodile, Crocodilovich!

Shall we make Krokodilovich, who was defeated by Vanya Vasilchikov?
What do you need?

• 
  A picture or drawing of a crocodile,
• 
  scissors,
• 
  glue,
• 
  2 wooden skewers or juice straws.

How to do it?

Draw or print a picture of a crocodile. Color with your child with bright colors.

Let your Krokodilovich be cheerful, kind and perky! Cut it along the outline. Cut the picture into 2 parts. Next, you need to bend a colored sheet of paper like an accordion and glue two wooden sticks(skewers or straws for juice). It turned out to be an accordion.

For an accordion, you need to take thick paper so that it retains its shape well and stretches easily. Now you need to glue the accordion to the halves of the crocodile picture. Which funny toy it worked!

P decoration "Wash basins chief and

commander of the washcloths!”

Many, many decades ago, washbasins

were in almost every family. If not in the house,

then at the dacha. Nowadays, the word washbasin, in

in general, it has gone out of use, it is practically

not used in speech. But our children can

learn about the washbasin from Chukovsky's fairy tale

Korney Ivanovich "Moidodyr".

After reading the fairy tale, make it very easy,

unusual and beautiful craft from a fairytale. Your

the baby will be happy!

What do you need?

• 
  2 carton boxes,
• 
  colored paper with adhesive backing,
• 
  scissors,
• 
  glue and a little imagination.

Finding two cardboard boxes at home is not at all difficult. To make this craft, you need to cover the boxes with colored paper or simply paint them with gouache. This will be the washbasin body.

Glue two toilet paper cylinders to the body. Decorate to your taste. Glue or draw eyes on the washbasin, make a faucet out of a juice straw, and make a sink out of a yogurt cup.

Add details: hair, hat. Hands - a towel made of a strip of paper.

We have a wonderful head of wash basins! And, of course, your baby will now know why we so often say: “...always and everywhere eternal glory water!

Korney Ivanovich's poems and fairy tales bring children a lot of joy. Today we simply cannot imagine childhood without his fairy tales. Children like his characters and laugh at them merrily.
WITHthe tales of Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky are easy to read and remember, develop speech and memory, and most importantly, they help to form a feeling humor.

Nina Chashchina

Who doesn't know famous fairy tales Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky"Fly - Tsokotuha", "Telephone", "Moidodyr", "Cockroach", "Barmaley". All these fairy tales are familiar to each of us from childhood. These works Children love and listen with great pleasure. These are real literary masterpieces for young children, which are still published to this day. About itself literary writer, poet, translator, the children learned in class. Real name Nikolay Vasilievich Korneychukov. He was illegitimate, which made his life difficult. He was expelled from the gymnasium due to low origin. Chukovsky self-educated, studied English language. He wrote a lot about other Russian authors - Nekrasov, Blok, Mayakovsky, Akhmatova, Dostoevsky, Chekhov. Chukovsky remained in memory, How children's writer. He felt great, understood children, and was a good child psychologist.

Publications on the topic:

Today I decided to show you through a photo report the process of my work on a new didactic game– multifunctional development.

Target. Develop visual and auditory attention, memory, observation, resourcefulness, fantasy, imagination, creative thinking. Shape.

Summary of a lesson on speech development for children of the younger group. Reading the work of K. Chukovsky “The Miracle Tree” Target. Introduce the work of K. Chukovsky “The Miracle - the Tree”. Educational task: consolidate the ability to distinguish and name the leaves of friends.

"Autumn Tale". I love you, autumn, for the unprecedented beauty, for the elegant leaves and belated warmth, for the harvest harvest, the flying cobwebs.

The works of K.I. Chukovsky are of great educational, cognitive and aesthetic value, because they broaden the child’s horizons and have an impact.

Autumn. Beautiful time of the year. Poets write poems about this time of year, artists paint pictures. This year we were especially pleased with autumn.

In our kindergarten Between the groups there was a crafts competition on the theme: “Autumn Fantasy.” Before the competition, I worked with parents and invited them.

For 20 years now, artist, historian and restorer Sergei Romanov has been collecting children's toys: dolls, soldiers, teddy bears, doll furniture, dishes, pedal cars... And especially Christmas decorations. His collection contains about three thousand things: cotton dolls from the 1930s, airships, papier-mâché vegetables and fruits from the 50s, and a polyethylene Santa Claus from the 1970s. Until January 18th Cultural center Bulat Okudzhava’s exhibition “Christmas tree. Candle. Two balls." Using her example, collector Romanov spoke about the century and a half history of the New Year's toy.

I was 14 years old when we got a kitten. By the New Year, the kitten turned into a large, well-fed cat. And this cat saw a decorated Christmas tree for the first time. And I was stunned. At first he knocked over the toys that were hanging below with his paw, and then he contrived to jump straight onto the tree. And the tree, although it was fixed on an iron tripod, lay at its full length across the room. In one minute I lost all the most beautiful and favorite toys. To restore what was lost, I began to look for and buy antique Christmas tree decorations...

(Total 21 photos)

Post sponsor: Wooden houses: design, production, construction of wooden houses, bathhouses, gazebos made of rounded logs, turnkey profiled timber
Source: lenta.ru

Toys from the collection of Sergei Romanov. All photos: Pavel Bednyakov / Lenta.ru

1. Angel, early 20th century

The custom of decorating a spruce tree for the New Year appeared in the Middle Ages among the Germanic peoples. Since ancient times, the Germans revered the spruce sacred tree- a symbol of immortality. Every year on the winter solstice they cleaned their houses spruce branches, believing that good spirits of nature live in pine needles. Since the 16th century, spruce has become a symbol of Christian Christmas. In Germany, Holland, and England, a tradition arose of placing a whole conifer tree and hang decorations on its branches. For the first three centuries, these decorations were exclusively edible. Apples are like a memory of the fruits of paradise that grew on the tree of knowledge. Unleavened waffles - instead of mallow, symbolizing the body of Christ. And of course, marshmallows, gingerbread and nuts, which were gilded with real gold leaf. Actually, real Christmas tree decorations appeared only in late XVIII centuries. In those years, jewelry made from fir cones, covered with gold plating, silver-plated stars made of straw and small figures of angels made of hammered brass.

My grandmother often recalled how candles were lit on the Christmas tree. These candles were small, like for a cake, in iron candlesticks. They were attached to the branches so as to turn the flame outward. And they lit it only once - on Christmas night. Moreover, on the same night, buckets of water and sand were placed under the tree along with gifts - to avoid fire.

2. Boat. Late XIX- beginning of the 20th century

The first Christmas tree balls appeared in Thuringia, in the city of Lausch, in 1848.

Since ancient times, Lausch has been famous for its glassblowers. And then one day one master decided to decorate a Christmas tree for his children for Christmas. But he was very poor. There was not enough money for fruits and sweets. And then he blew apples, lemons, gingerbread and nuts out of glass. The toys turned out to be so beautiful that word spread about them. And soon not only the residents of Lausch, but also all of Germany began to order glass decorations for Christmas.

3. Father Christmas. Cotton toy, chromolithography. Late 19th - early 20th century

At first, glass Christmas tree decorations were made of thick, heavy glass, and the inside was covered with a layer of lead for shine. But in the 1860s a gas plant was built in Lauscha. With the help of gas burners, glass could now be heated to very high temperatures, and glassblowers began to make delicate, elegant things. Balls with gold and silver patterns, angel heads, strawberries, icicles, cones... For a long time German glassblowers kept the secrets of their craft secret, so until the 20th century, Christmas tree decorations were produced only in Germany, from where they were exported to other countries: England, Holland, France, Russia.

4. Father Christmas. Glass. Late 19th - early 20th century

Celebrate in Russia New Year began on January 1, 1700 by decree of Peter I. He also ordered, in imitation of the Dutch, to decorate the gates and doors of houses with spruce branches. Toys were not hung on these branches, and Christmas trees were placed mainly on the roofs of drinking establishments. The first Christmas tree, decorated with candles, toys and garlands, was installed in St. Petersburg in 1852 - it is believed that this custom was started by the wife of Emperor Nicholas I, Alexandra Feodorovna, who was born and raised in Prussia.

From that moment on, decorating a Christmas tree became very fashionable. However, there was one difficulty. Glass jewelry imported from Germany was very expensive. At the turn of the 20th century, toy dealers asked for 20 rubles for one glass ball, and for a set they could charge 200. And this despite the fact that for 20 rubles in those days you could buy a cow, for 200 - a house near St. Petersburg.

5. Boy on skis, glass balls. Late 19th - early 20th century

Cotton toys have become an alternative to expensive glass decorations. You could buy them in a store, or you could make them yourself. Around Christmas, many women's magazines told their readers how to make a figurine out of cotton wool with their own hands.

Here is an excerpt from a magazine at the beginning of the 20th century: “Cooking the paste. Take 2-3 tablespoons of starch for 1 and 1/2 cups of water and bring to a boil. Then we make a frame from wire. We divide the cotton wool into strips, moisten it with paste and wrap it around the wire. You can also use the papier-mâché technique. That is, stick pieces of paper soaked in paste onto the frame. We secure it all to the frame with threads. We dry the toy for two days. Then we paint.”

6. Children on a sled. Cotton toys with porcelain faces. Late 19th - early 20th century

A wide variety of figures were made from cotton wool: angels with wings, birds of paradise, girls on skates and boys on skis. Often the heads of these dolls were porcelain. The stores also sold die-cut sheets with chromolithographic images. From these sheets one could cut out the faces of the same angels, children or Santa Clauses and glue them onto a cotton or fabric toy.

7. Father Christmas. Cotton toy, chromolithography. Late 19th - early 20th century

Also, before the revolution, Christmas tree decorations using the Dresden cardboard technique were very popular in Russia. These were figures glued together from two halves of embossed cardboard, tinted with gold or silver paint. They were produced by machine in Dresden and Leipzig starting in the 19th century. These figures were sold in the form of sheets with embossed parts, which you had to press out, cut and glue yourself.

In Russia, Dresden cardboard could be ordered by mail. It was quite affordable. 40 kopecks - for a sheet of simple figures in the form of birds, bunnies, elephants, lions. 1 ruble 20 kopecks - for three-dimensional figures: silver cannons, airplanes, horse-drawn carriages...

8. Star. Mounted toy. Glass. Late 19th - early 20th century

Factory production Christmas decorations was first established in Russia during the First World War. At that time in the city of Klin there was Glass factory, owned since 1848 by the princes Menshikov. At this factory, lamps, bottles and vials for pharmacies were made from colored glass. During the war, captured German soldiers ended up in Klin. It was they who taught Russian craftsmen how to blow Christmas tree balls and beads from glass.

9. Father Christmas. Chromolithograph. Late 19th - early 20th century

We also owe the First World War another decoration, without which it is impossible to imagine a modern Christmas tree - a spire-shaped top. Throughout the 19th century, the top of the Christmas tree was decorated or Star of Bethlehem, or figurine of Jesus Christ. They were usually made from Dresden cardboard and illuminated with candles for greater effect.

With the outbreak of the First World War, the rise of patriotism in both Germany and Russia was so high that they began to put cones on the tops of Christmas trees - the tops of soldiers' helmets and helmets. IN Soviet years The star of Bethlehem was replaced by the red Kremlin star, but the shishak remained and was very popular in the 1960-1970s. It could be in the form of a spire, could turn into a rocket taking off, or could be decorated with bells on a twisted wire.

10. Christmas tree with cotton toys. Second half of the 1930s

In 1925, the custom of celebrating Christmas was banned in the Soviet Union. For the next ten years, Christmas trees were not decorated in our country. But on December 28, 1935, the Pravda newspaper published an article by the first secretary of the regional party committee, Pavel Postyshev, entitled “Let's organize a good Christmas tree for the children for the New Year!”

From this moment on, the era of the Soviet Christmas tree decoration begins. In terms of technology, Christmas tree decorations of the 30s were not too different from pre-revolutionary ones. As before, toys were made by hand by craftsmen. As before, they were made from Dresden cardboard, cotton wool and glass. But the plots became different - the biblical characters were replaced by Red Army soldiers, sailors, pioneers and collective farmers in red scarves with a sickle in their hands. Also popular among Soviet citizens were the hut on chicken legs, ruddy athletes and a janitor with a broom.

11. Balloon in honor of the 20th anniversary October revolution. Glass. 1937

For Christmas toys pre-war years you can easily understand how the country lived. 1935 The film “Circus” with Lyubov Orlova was released in leading role- cotton clowns, acrobats and trained dogs appeared on Christmas trees. In the same year, the metro opened - and now Christmas trees began to be decorated with miniature red metro caps. 1937 20th anniversary of the October Revolution. For this date, a glass ball was made: on red panels there are four portraits - Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. And in 1938, Moscow artels for the production of Christmas tree decorations produced a series of cotton figurines in honor of Papanin’s expedition to North Pole. It included: a polar explorer with a bear planting a red flag at the North Pole, the North Pole station and a skier bear delivering mail. In addition to cotton toys, a glass ball was also made with the image of Papanin with a dog in the camp near the tent.

12. Letter from Santa Claus. New Year card. Mid-20th century

A special type of Christmas tree decorations are bonbonnieres. They were also called surprise girls. These were small, beautifully decorated boxes in which sweets or small gifts were hidden. Bonbonnieres began to be made back in the 19th century - from walnut shells or from matchboxes. They were given the appearance of houses, books, drums. In the 30s they were also hung on the Christmas tree. But they were designed in accordance with Soviet ideology. For example, there was a surprise - Mailbox. There was a house with a red flag - the district council. And there was a plane - a tool of the proletariat. After the war, the bonbonnieres quietly disappeared. But it has become fashionable to hang chocolate figures in foil on the Christmas tree - hares, bears, Santa Clauses. In the 50s, you could buy a “Help me get dressed” chocolate bar in stores. There was a baby drawn on the wrapper. And inside there is an insert with clothes that could be cut out, and a rhyme:

“It’s not good for me to sit like this,
So I might catch a cold.
Help me get dressed
Help me keep warm."

13. Santa Claus. Cotton toy, 1930-1940s

In Soviet times, the top of the New Year tree was crowned with a red five-pointed star - like on the Kremlin towers. Santa Claus stood under the tree. It was a tribute to tradition.

IN pre-Petrine times In Rus', Father Frost was represented as an old man with a gray beard who ran through the fields and caused bitter frosts by knocking. On Christmastide, it was customary to invite him into the house and feed him kutia - in order to appease him. The image of a Christmas grandfather who gives gifts to children appeared only at the end of the 19th century - in imitation of the European Santa Claus. In Russia, Father Frost at that time was associated with Nikolai Ugodnik, the patron saint of travelers and children.

14. Snow Maiden. Cotton toy. 1930-1950s

But Grandfather Frost’s granddaughter appeared only in the Soviet years. In 1937, a children's Christmas tree was organized for the first time in the Hall of Columns of the House of Unions. The host of this holiday was Father Frost. But he needed an assistant. At first, the organizers of the Christmas tree wanted to appoint the Snowman-Postman as such an assistant. But then they remembered the heroine of the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "Snow Maiden" - a beautiful fair-haired girl sculpted from snow.

At the end of the 30s, Snow Maiden figurines began to be placed under the Christmas tree. They were made from cotton wool or papier-mâché. In one of the versions, the Snow Maiden was a proletarian girl in morocco boots and with a red flag.

15. Steam locomotive. Embossed cardboard. 1930-1940s

Matte ball in the color of an airplane wing. Budennovtsy walk along it. Above the Budennovites there is an inscription: “Happy New Year 1941!” In the Soviet Union, everyone was waiting for this year, wondering what it would bring? He brought the Great Patriotic War. However, even in these difficult years for the country, people continued to decorate Christmas trees - in the rear, in hospitals, in the trenches on the front line. And they continued to make Christmas tree decorations. They were made from whatever was at hand. They took light bulbs and painted them in different colors, painted cherries and flowers. Butterflies and dragonflies were twisted from waste copper wire.

16. Airships. Glass. 1930-1940s

In January 1943, shoulder straps were introduced into the Red Army. Both soldiers and officers began to make Christmas tree toys from them. Also popular were airplanes assembled from glass beads and tubes, as well as glass airships, emok-type cars, cardboard cannons, tanks and figurines of border guard Karatsupa with the dog Hindu, preserved from pre-war times.

17. Clock. Glass. 1950-1960s

In 1946, January 1 was declared a holiday. New Year has become real national holiday. And toys are massive. In the 1950-1960s, several factories of Christmas tree decorations opened at once - in Moscow, Leningrad, Klin, Kirov, Kyiv. New items have appeared: toys with clothespins and miniature toys for small artificial Christmas trees.

Christmas tree decorations these years were very different. In the 1950s, after the release of the film “Carnival Night,” glass watches with hands frozen at “twelve minutes to five” became very fashionable. During the time of Khrushchev - figurines of astronauts and ears of corn. And in the 1970s - shells, houses with snow-covered roofs, spotlights and balls called “radio waves”.

“Radio waves” began to be made even before the war. These were balls with a pattern of circular lines. The pattern was applied with phosphor paint, and the balls glowed in the dark.

18. Hare with a drum. Glass. 1950-1970s

In the 1960s–1980s, toys based on fairy tales were very popular. In principle, this was not news. Back in the 1930s, artels made cotton decorations in the form of Russian heroes folk tales or the poems of Korney Chukovsky. In those years, in many houses, huts on chicken legs, lame bast shoes, or a Cockroach in red boots hung on their Christmas trees. And when “The Tales of Uncle Remus” was translated into Russian in 1935, Brother Rabbit and Brother Fox settled in the pine needles.

19. Clown with a pipe. Glass. 1950-1970s

In the era of developed socialism, entire fairy-tale sets appeared: “The Golden Cockerel”, “Little Muk”, “Little Red Riding Hood”, “Cipollino”. The same fairy tale was produced for years and in different factories. At the same time, the appearance of the heroes could change. This is clearly seen in the old woman from The Tale of the Goldfish. At the beginning of the episode, the old woman is calm, standing, holding on to her shower jacket. But at the end she has her hands on her hips.

20. Glass toys from the 1960s-1980s

In the 1970s-1980s, many of the most different toys: bells, figurines of animals, genies, girls in fur coats. Among the balls, the main one was a large polystyrene ball with a rotating butterfly inside. These balls were sold all year round, they were blue, red, green, purple. To the children they seemed magical.

There probably wasn’t a single child who didn’t want to take that butterfly out of the ball. One day I myself came out of the store with such a ball and around the corner hit the asphalt like this: bam! The ball broke, I took out the butterfly. But she no longer spun outside the ball. And all the magic disappeared.

21. Lady with a snowball. Porcelain doll. Late 19th - early 20th century

For reference: among collectors, toys produced before 1966 are considered rare. The entire value of toys released after this date is in the memories.