Secret Arctic expeditions. Help from other civilizations

I think everyone knows the line of logical problems from the series “one always lies, the other always tells the truth.” Among them, there is one that is traditionally called the most difficult, and which leaves everyone in a slight shock.

« There are three gods: A, B and C, which are the gods of truth, lies and chance in no particular order. The god of truth always speaks the truth, the god of lies always deceives, the god of chance can speak both the truth and a lie depending on his state, truthful or false, which changes from time to time randomly. You need to identify the gods by asking 3 questions that can be answered “yes” or “no”. Each question is asked only to one god, and not to two or three at once. The gods understand the language, but answer in their own language, in which there are 2 words “da” and “ja”, and it is unknown which word means “yes” and which “no”».

The problem was invented by the American mathematician George Boulos, who sometimes, incl. and with mine light hand, confused with George Boole (1815-1864), creator of the algebra of logic.

Boulos's problem is complex in formulation and seems practically unsolvable. However, in fact, it can be solved quite easily using a trivial technique that is applicable to all problems of a similar class “about the city of liars”, “about two guards”.

Below I will try to explain this method in detail in the most accessible way possible (it’s just sometimes stated in such a way that you should at least run into the forest).

To begin with, let's take more simple task about the city of liars.

« There are two cities, in one there live liars who always lie, in the second there are knights who are always truthful. However, both tribes go to visit each other, so in each of the cities you can meet both. You find yourself in one of their cities, how can you understand where you are by asking 1 (one) question to the person you meet?»

The creator of this and similar problems is considered to be the American mathematician Smullyan, the author of many popular books on mathematics.

Everywhere with this task a simple author’s solution is reproduced: “We are in your hometown? No matter who the person he meets, he will say “yes” only in the city of the truthful, because a liar in his city will lie and say “no,” and a knight will say the same. Here the situation itself creates the conditions for a question to which the answer is the same for both options of the interlocutor. But there is a slightly more complex, but more universal solution.

Here's a more difficult task.

« From one prison, prisoners were released only after a difficult ordeal. They were placed in front of two doors, behind one of which freedom awaited, behind the other death. The prisoner chose one. Out of mercy, two guards-advisers who knew the right path were placed in front of the doors. One always answered the prisoner's question truthfully, the other always lied. How to do right choice by asking one question to one guard?»

Usually the standard correct answer is given: “If I ask another guard, “Is there freedom behind this door?”, will he answer me “yes”?” After listening to the answer, do the opposite.

The answer is not so obvious, so I’ll explain: our problem is that when asking a question to one guard, we simply don’t know whether he will lie or tell the truth. A deliberate lie means nothing worse than the truth, we would not believe him and would do the opposite. But our question is practically asked of the two guards, because they know each other's likely answer. As a result, we get a deliberate lie: either the first one will lie, and the second one will honestly convey his words, or the first one will tell the truth, and the second one will lie. The answer is a deliberate lie, which we invert.

Now let’s imagine that the warden realized our innocent trick and removed the second guard from the door. It is unknown who remained. What to do?

The principle of the answer is practically the same and it is already universal for all similar problems. Do you understand which one?

“If I ask YOU “is there freedom behind this door?”, will you say “no”?” We manage without a second guard with ease, forcing a potential liar to tell the truth. It is important to understand that a “liar” is not obliged to deceive you, but to lie, to give an answer opposite to reality.

Here the liar will tell his own lies. For example, to the direct question “is there freedom behind this door?” he would say no, but to our complex issue he answers, given this potential answer, which turns into the opposite in meaning. After all, if he says “no,” he will tell the truth. A truthful guard will tell the truth in both cases. And that's the end of it.

Now let's get back to our sheep.

Let's simplify the problem about the gods. Let them, out of respect for Boole and Smullyan, begin to answer in English “yes” - yes and “know” - no.

Question to any god: “If I ask you “are you the god of chance?”, will you answer me “no”?” After all, even the god of chance either lies or tells the truth.

If he is not the god of chance, then we ask the question “Are you the god of chance?”, and determine by the answer the god of lies in front of us or the god of truth (the answer “yes” is a deliberate lie). Then we ask any other god the first question. The third is determined by the method of elimination.

If the first god is the god of chance, then we ask the question “Are you the god of chance?” either of the other two. The third is determined by the method of elimination.

And finally, the canonical version of the problem. Still scary? Isn't that the case anymore?

The only problem in this task is not understanding the answers, however, despite this, the answer will be incomprehensible, but guaranteed to be honest.

For example, we ask B the question “If I ask you “A god of chance?”, in your state at the time of the question being asked, will you answer me “ja”?” IN in this case It is not the semantics that is important, but the wording of the answer, so I will provide a table with the personality options for these two gods and the answers. I can’t imagine the option when the answering god is the god of chance, because depending on his state he will act as a liar or as a knight.

Answer " ja" always means that A is the god of chance, the answer is "da", which is not. This is due to the wording of the answer, where the negation and affirmation address the same question, but with the word “yes” or “no” at the end, the answer we are asking about also changes.

Then we repeat the same technique. We ask that god, who is not the god of chance, as we found out in the previous step: “If I ask you, “Are you the god of truth?”, will you answer me “ja”?” The answer “ja” without taking into account the semantics of the language means that he is the god of truth, the opposite - lies.

We ask him the third question: “If I ask you “S is the god of truth/lies?”, will you answer me “ja”?” Where is S the god about whom nothing is yet known.

The sum of the answers will help determine at least two, if the god of chance is not determined by the third question, and the last one is determined by the method of elimination.

Thus, we get all the answers without knowing which word means what.

This option for solving the problem is not the only one; there are also methods based on the same principles, as well as ways that include identically false or identically true questions to determine the identity of the interlocutor god by the fact that he cannot answer. There is also a variant of the problem where the god of chance does not just accidentally lie or tell the truth in this state, but gives a random answer that is not related to the question.

I kindly ask that if there are unclear explanations or crooked justifications in the text, please note them in the comments and I will correct them.

U Soviet writer Evgeniy Petrov - the one who, together with Ilya Ilf, wrote the famous “The Twelve Chairs” and “The Golden Calf” - had a very interesting hobby. He collected envelopes - but not all in a row, but from his own letters. It would seem an unthinkable thing, but Petrov came up with an excellent method: he wrote a letter abroad and made up the entire address - the city, the street, the house, and the addressee's last name. Naturally, after a couple of months the letter was returned, decorated with beautiful stamps “The addressee is incorrect.”

And so in the spring of 1939, Evgeny Petrov decided to receive an envelope with New Zealand stamps. He invented the city of Hydeberville, in which the mythical Meryl Eugene Weasley lived in house number 7 on Wrightbeach Street. And, carried away by the game, he put a letter in the envelope: “My dear Meryl! My sincerest condolences to you on the passing of your Uncle Pete. Hang in there, buddy! And I'm sorry that it took me so long to answer you. How is Ingrid doing? Kiss your daughter, she’s probably quite big already. I’m waiting for your answer, your Evgeniy.”

A month passed, a second, a third - and the letter was not returned. Petrov began to forget about him, but at the end of the summer he unexpectedly received... an answer from New Zealand. Having read the return address, the writer received a real shock - the envelope read: “Meryl Eugene Weasley, 7 Wrightbeach, Hydeberville, New Zealand.” There was also a post office stamp confirming the sender. But what was most surprising was the contents of the envelope.

The text of the letter received was as follows: “Dear Evgeniy! Thank you for your sympathy! Uncle Pete died in a completely ridiculous way, and this tragedy unsettled our entire family for six months. That’s why I haven’t written for so long, but Ingrid and I haven’t forgotten you and the three days that you spent with us. Gloria has really grown half a head, but she still won’t part with the Russian bear that you brought her. Yours, Meryl." But that was not all - from the envelope Petrov, with shaking hands, took out a photograph in which he himself was depicted hugging an absolutely by a stranger! Seeing the date in the photo, the writer grabbed his heart - it was on that day, October 9 last year, that he ended up in the hospital with a severe form of pneumonia, and for several days the doctors literally pulled him out of the other world...

Evgeniy Petrov never believed in any mysticism, and therefore immediately wrote to New Zealand again. But he did not wait for an answer - a war began in Europe, and Petrov became a war correspondent for the Informburo from its very first days. By the way, his colleagues claimed that after receiving a strange letter, this eternal joker became gloomy and withdrawn, and stopped joking altogether...

Well, this story didn’t end funny at all. In 1942, Yevgeny Petrov was flying on a plane from Sevastopol to the capital, and this plane was shot down by the Germans in the Rostov region. Mysticism - but on the same day when it became known about the death of the plane, a letter from New Zealand arrived at the writer’s home. In this letter, Meryl Weasley admired the Soviet soldiers and was worried about Petrov's life. Among other things, the letter contained the following lines: “Do you remember, Evgeny, you told me after swimming in the lake that you were not destined to drown, but that you were destined to crash on a plane. I beg you, fly as little as possible!”

This story was used to make a short film, “The Envelope,” starring Kevin Spacey. leading role, which was shot by Russian director Alexei Nuzhny based on his own script. You can watch it below.

Some of these theories are bordering on the absurd. Absurd or not, they are perhaps some of the most interesting theories conspiracy of his time.

10. 1936 Black Forest Incident

According to various reports that appeared towards the end of the 20th century, in 1936, in the Black Forest of Germany near Friberg, UFO crash. He claimed that the ship was saucer-shaped and was eventually restored.

It was assumed that the object was taken to the castle Wawelsburg, Main Headquarters Third Reich, where their best scientists worked and found ways to use this technology to their advantage. Whether they achieved this or not is open to debate, but it is widely accepted that German scientists and engineers were far ahead of other countries at the time.

9. Nazi bell

In a 2000 book "The Truth About Wonder Weapons" author Igor Vitkovski claimed to have translated documents of a Nazi officer Jacob Sporrenberg regarding secret Nazi weapons. According to Witkowski, the documents were provided to him by an unnamed source in Polish intelligence. He was allowed to translate them, but they were not allowed to make copies.

The documents talked about "Gleke" , also known as "Nazi Bell" , and goes into detail about how it works and what it can do. Housed in a military facility called Der Riese, which was close to the Czech border in Poland near the Vaclav mine, was about 5 meters (15 ft) high.

It was underground under a stone circular structure called "Henge" , which still exists. It has also been said that ancient symbols such as hieroglyphs are located around the bottom of the bell shape. Two counter-rotating cylinders inside the structure were filled with a substance called "Xerum 525", which used the technology "Greik", using anti-gravity technology. Once he was tested and in motion, he was released from his underground facility, chained to "Henge" so that it doesn't fly over.

8. Annerbera and the hunt for ancient artifacts and relics

Although movies Indiana Jones is a complete fiction, their portrayal of the Nazis' interest in ancient relics and artifacts is very accurate. It is said that Hitler was obsessed with ancient texts and philosophies and that he made a real, concerted effort to bring to himself such revered subjects as Holy Grail, Ark of the Covenant And Holy Lance.

It looks like it was Heinrich Himmler who was the main driver Ahnenerbe- officially the educational institute of the Germanic heritage of the ancestors. However the real reason his existence was the acquisition of knowledge about the Aryan race "higher" people whom Himmler believed were once residents Atlantis.

Not only that, but Himmler claimed that the survivors of the Atlantis disaster fled north and that the real Germans were descendants of this race. Himmler privately believed that proving this would open the way for him to create a new Aryan religion which will replace Christianity.

7. Search for knowledge in ancient Sanskrit texts

To develop your twisted ideology, Hitler and the Nazis turned to many ancient beliefs and occult speculations, not the least of which were the ancient Sanskrit texts. Even swastika, a symbol that the vast majority of us automatically associate with Nazi Germany, was "stolen" from the ancient cultures of the region. Swastika is actually a Sanskrit word; the Nazis named their symbol Hakenkreuz.

The Nazis were especially interested in ancient Hindu texts India due to their belief that an ancient Aryan race attacked the country in ancient times and established a harsh society caste systems. It should be noted that mainstream scientists completely reject this concept and argue that Aryan civilization simply didn't exist.

They say that Himmler was quite skilled in reading and translating Sanskrit texts. Just as many ancient astronaut theorists perceive ancient texts as more valuable to prove their points, so does Himmler with these particular writings. For example, he believed that the references to lightning in these texts were actually talking about an ancient technological weapon of Aryan society—a technology that he and Hitler were desperate to obtain and master.

6. Flying disc disk Haunebu

From 1935, Nazi scientists were said to have begun the process of developing aircraft With anti-gravity movement- essentially flying saucer. Most of this work included alternative "free" energy sources, which would create electromagnetic fields, which, in turn, could control the ship.

These vessels are said to have been tested and developed in northwestern Germany in Gauenburg. They measured about 8 meters across and could accommodate eight people. Although they could only fly at low altitude, they could supposedly reach an astonishing 4,800 kilometers per hour. At their most developed, the ship supposedly reached speed 17,000 kilometers per hour. It was also believed that metallurgists had developed a heat-resistant armor called Victalen.

In 1942, three years after the first test flights at Gaunebu, the Haunebu II. The difference between the Haunebu II and the first was small; it was able to land one more crew member, and its flight endurance was said to be a staggering 55 hours, rather than the 18-hour limit of the first flying disc.

Was Hanebu real or just a legend, but the fact is that Nazi scientists and engineers experimented with systems antigravity, suggests that he was not completely beyond the realm of possibility, however unlikely.

5. Vril and the Vril Society

It is reported that Vril Society was secret society, of which members were said to be Adolf Gitler and other high-ranking Nazi members. The name of the society and, at some point, their philosophy comes from the scientific fantasy book 1871 "The Coming Race » Bulwer Lytton. The book tells about a highly developed civilization ( Aryans), which could harness Vril - essentially the energy of the universe - and use it for its own purposes.

The Vril Society, who believed that they were direct descendants Aryan race , also believes that they can master and use it energy field.

4. Secret Arctic expeditions

In 1938, the Nazis sent a ship Schwabenland to the western Antarctica, and upon arrival they stated that New Swabia was their property. This was done for "supporting the German whaling industry", which seems very reasonable considering the number of valuable products that Third Reich would use from whaling.

For some, however, the expedition led to great debate about its true purpose. They believe that the Nazis' real goal was to create a military base called "Base 211" in Antarctica. The Nazis were also allegedly looking for entrance to "inside the earth" , which they believed was inhabited Aryan race.

3. Help from other civilizations

Although there is no doubt that Nazis were far ahead of the rest in terms of technology and modern weapons, some argue that the reason is that they received help from aliens. The theory itself is crazy, right?

But the stories were almost from the end Second World War, and just recently, an Iranian news platform said they had documents from a whistleblower Edward Snowden, who also made such claims. This particular report states that these aliens, known as "tall white" , also secretly control the US government today.

2. Was Hitler possessed by the devil?

Hermann Rauschning is just one of many people who have argued that Hitler may have been possessed by none other than himself the devil. In his book « Hitler speaks" Rauschning stated that Hitler would participate in " trance", giving various speeches. He felt that the leader of the Third Reich was a breeding ground for evil spirits and even the devil himself.

1. Hitler really fled to South America

In the summer of 2014, declassified documents FBI claimed that Adolf Gitler did not commit suicide in Berlin, but instead left war-torn Europe for Argentina. He is said to have landed in the South American country just over two weeks after Berlin fell into Allied hands.

The declassified files say that FBI this information was given informant, who sought political asylum in the United States. Allegedly helping the Argentine government, Hitler settled for some time in a small village not far from Andes mountains. The files conclude that the information they have is insufficient to justify further investigation.

You have arrived at a fork in two roads. One of them leads to the False City, where there is a general store for clues to the Universe, which are sold for free. Another road leads to Pravdograd, where there is a gas station. Residents of False City always lie, but residents of Pravdograd always tell the truth and only the truth. One representative from each of the two cities is on duty at the fork. You don't know which one is from where.
How can you find out which road leads to Pravdograd if you are only allowed to ask one question to only one representative?

There are several options for such questions.

1. Indirect question: “Hey you! What will that person say if I ask him where this road leads?”
   The answer to such a question will always contradict where the road actually leads.
2. Trick question: “Hey you! That person who is on duty on the road leading to Pravdograd, is he from there?”
   The answer will be positive only in two cases: either it is a resident of Pravdograd, standing on the road to Pravdograd, or a resident of False City, standing on the same road. In both cases, you can be sure that if the answer is yes, this road will really lead you to Pravdograd. A negative question can be formulated in the same way.
3. Or another, tricky question: “Hey you! What would you say if I asked you...?"
   A resident of Pravdograd will always answer the truth, and a resident of False Grad will lie. However, thanks to the wording of the question, the liar will have to lie twice, and that is, tell the truth.

In the courtroom I

And now there are several cases with the inhabitants of the island, where all people are divided into two groups - those who always tell only the truth, and those who always lie.
The defendant is given the floor in his defense in the courtroom. In this case, you can say no more than one sentence. The defendant thought for a moment and said: “The crime was committed by a liar.”
Did it help him?

Yes, it helped. If he is one of those who always tells the truth, then the crime was committed by a liar. If he is a liar, then his statement indicates that the person who always tells only the truth is guilty. Thus, his statement in any case indicates his innocence.

In the courtroom II

The defendant hired a lawyer, all of whose statements the court accepts as the pure and undeniable truth.
The following statements were made in court:
Prosecutor: “If the defendant committed a crime, then he had an accomplice.”
Lawyer: “The prosecutor told a lie!”
Did the lawyer help his client?

The prosecutor's statement can be called false only if the hypothesis (the part of the statement that is mentioned at the beginning of the sentence) is true, and the conclusion (the part of the sentence that ends the statement) is a lie. Based on this fact, the lawyer did not help his client at all - in fact, he said that his client was guilty and acted without accomplices.

In the courtroom III

Imagine that you are a resident of an island where all people are divided into two groups - those who always tell the truth and those who always lie. You have been accused of a crime and brought to court, where you are only allowed to say one sentence in your defense. What would you say in the following situation?

• The court found that the crime was entirely a liar. You are innocent. You are a liar, which the court does not know.
• The court found that the crime was committed by a person, always telling the truth. You are innocent. You always tell the truth, which the court does not know.
• You are innocent. In addition, the court found that the crime was not a “normal” person at all. Normal people is a group of new immigrants who sometimes lie and sometimes tell the truth. Which sentence will prove your innocence, regardless of which of the three groups of people you belong to?

• "I plead guilty. I did it."
• "I am not guilty."
• "Either I always tell the truth and I am innocent, or I am a liar and I am guilty" = "I am either an innocent truth-teller or a guilty liar."
  The court came to the following conclusion:
  1. If he always tells the truth, then his statement is true and he is innocent.
  2. If he is a liar, then his statement is false, and he cannot be an innocent truth-teller, nor can he be a guilty liar. Which means he is an innocent liar.
  3. If he is “normal”, then he is innocent, since a “normal” person could not do such a thing.

Pandora's Box I

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a beauty named Pandora. And she really wanted her chosen one to be very smart and quick-witted. So she came up with several puzzles to test the intelligence of her suitors. Here is one of them.
Based on the inscriptions on the three caskets, determine which of the caskets contains wedding ring, provided that the inscriptions are either all incorrect, or only one of them is correct.

Golden casket
“The ring is in this casket.”

Silver casket
“The ring is not in this casket.”

Bronze casket
“The ring is not in the golden casket.”

Pandora's Box II

Here's the second puzzle. At least one inscription is correct, and at least one is incorrect. Does this mean that the ring is in...?

Golden casket
“The ring is not in the silver casket.”

Silver casket
“The ring is not in this casket.”

Bronze casket
“The ring is in this casket.”

Baal Island

On the island of Baal live only people and strange monkeys, which cannot be distinguished from people. Any of the inhabitants of the island speaks either only the truth or only lies.
Who are the next two?
A: “B is a lying monkey. I am human."
B: “And he told the truth.”

The double statement used by A is true only if both parts are true. Let's assume that B - fair man, then A is also honest (that's what B says), so B is a liar, as A claims, which contradicts our assumption. Therefore B is a liar. Knowing this very well, B said that A is also a liar. Thus, A's first statement is a lie, and B is not a lying monkey. However, B, as we have already found out, is definitely a liar, which means that B is not a monkey. B is a dishonest person. A's second statement shows us that A is a monkey. Therefore, A is a lying monkey.

Truth, Lies and Wisdom

In an ancient Indian temple, three goddesses sat: Truth, Lie and Wisdom. Truth speaks only the truth, Lie always lies, and Wisdom can tell the truth or lie.
The pilgrim asked the goddess on the left: “Who is sitting next to you?”
“True,” she answered.
Then he asked the middle one: “Who are you?”
“Wisdom,” she answered.
Finally he asked the one on the right: “Who is your neighbor?”
“It’s a lie,” answered the goddess.
And after that the pilgrim knew exactly who was who.

The Riddle of Gestumblindi
One of the characters Scandinavian mythology, Gestumblindi, asked the following riddle to the king:

Four hanging
four are coming,
two show the way,
two defend themselves from dogs,
one is hanging out
always dirty.

Answer: cow.

Bilbo's Riddle
In the movie The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, Bilbo asked the following riddle:

Thirty white horses
On two red hills -
They will run away and collide
And again they will fall silent in the darkness.

Answer: teeth.

Exeter mysteries
Old English riddles are one of the minor genres of Old English poetry that are part of the Exeter Codex. One of these riddles:

I am dear to people, I meet in many places,
They bring me from the forest and from the mountain slopes,
from the valleys and from the hills.
During the day I was carried by wings through the air, delivered with care
under roof protection.
People then soaked me in a barrel.
Now I'm a binder and a flail, soon I'll quit
people on the land, every peasant...

Answer: drinking honey.
Children's riddle for Homer
According to legend, the ancient Greek poet Homer himself did not know where he was born. One day he asked the Delphic Oracle about this and received the answer:
“The island of Ios is your mother’s land, and she will receive you dead, but beware of the riddles that children tell.” Already an old man, Homer came to Ios and when he sat down on the shore, he saw the children of local fishermen returning from the sea. He asked what they caught. The children replied: “What we caught, we threw away, and what we didn’t catch, we have.”

Homer tried to solve the riddle and realized that his time was up. Still trying to find the answer, he slipped, hit his head and died.

Riddle about heaven and hell
Situation:
You are in a room with two doors: one leads to heaven, the other to hell.
In the room, besides you, there are 2 more wise men: one always tells the truth, the other always lies. You don't know which one is which.

Question:
How to get to heaven by asking just one question to one of the sages?

Answer: Which door would another sage point to if I asked him how to get to hell? In any case, the door leading to heaven will be indicated.

Einstein's riddle
This famous logic problem According to legend, it was created by Albert Einstein during his childhood.

There are five houses on the street.
An Englishman lives in a red house.
The Spaniard has a dog.
They drink coffee in the green house.
A Ukrainian drinks tea.
The green house is located immediately to the right of the white house.
Anyone who smokes Old Gold breeds snails.
They smoke Kools in the yellow house.
IN central house drink milk.
The Norwegian lives in the first house.
The neighbor of the one who smokes Chesterfield keeps a fox.
In the house next door to the one where the horse is kept, they smoke Kools.
Anyone who smokes Lucky Strike drinks orange juice.
The Japanese smokes Parliament.
A Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
Who drinks water? Who's holding the zebra?

Finding a solution is easy if you outline the sign.

Samson's Riddle
Samson asked this riddle on his wedding day with Dilida.

From the eater comes something edible,
From the strong came the sweet?
Samson and the lion came together in battle, Samson perched on the lion's back. Lions, as you know, tear their prey with their claws, but Samson killed the lion with his bare hands! And a couple of days later Samson comes, and here is a swarm of bees in the lion’s corpse and honey.

Samson's riddle is twofold. One half of the answer is lion, the other half is honey.

The Mystery of Lewis Carroll
What do a raven and a desk have in common?

As you know, this riddle of the Hatter gave rise to so much controversy that Carroll himself had to explain in the preface to one of the editions of “Alice in Wonderland” that the riddle had no answer. By the way, he himself, in the end, couldn’t stand any of it, but he saw the connection between the crow and the desk: “With the help of both, you can give answers, albeit flat ones; they are never put on the wrong side!”

The most difficult logic problem
This riddle was proposed by the American philosopher and logician George Boulos in the Italian newspaper "la Repubblica" in 1992:

There are 3 familiar gods: A, B and C, which are the gods of truth, lies and chance in no particular order. The god of truth always tells the truth, the god of lies always deceives, the god of chance can speak both the truth and lies in any order. You need to identify the gods by asking 3 questions that can be answered “yes” or “no”. Each question is asked only to one god. The gods understand the language, but answer in their own language, in which there are 2 words “da” and “ja”, and it is unknown which word means “yes” and which “no”.

Answer:
Let's ask God B: “If I ask you: “God A is the god of chance?”, will you answer “ja”?” If god B answers "ja", then either he is a god of chance (and answers randomly), or he is not a god of chance, but in fact god A is a god of chance. In any case, God C is not a god of chance. If B answers “da”, then either he is the god of chance (and answers randomly), or B is not the god of chance, which means that god A is also not the god of chance. In any case, God A is not a god of chance.
Let us ask a god who is not a god of chance (based on the results of the previous question, either A or C): “If I ask you: “Are you the god of truth?”, will you answer “ja”?” Since he is not a god of chance, the answer "ja" indicates that he is the god of truth, and the answer "da" indicates that he is the god of lies.

Let's ask the same god: “If I ask you: “God B is the god of chance?”, will you answer “ja”?” If the answer is “ja” - god B is the god of chance, if the answer is “da”, then the god who has not yet been spoken to is the god of chance.

The remaining god is determined by elimination.