Oblomov's heroes briefly. Roman "Oblomov"

Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov worked on the novel “Oblomov” for ten years. The characterization of the main character is so convincingly presented by the classic that it went beyond the scope of the work, and the image became a household name. The quality of the author's elaboration of the characters in the story is impressive. All of them are integral, possessing the features of people contemporary to the writer.

The topic of this article is the characteristics of the heroes of Oblomov.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. Sliding on the plane of laziness

The central image of the book is the young (32-33 years old) landowner Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a lazy, imposing dreamer. He is a man of average height, with dark gray eyes, pleasant facial features, childishly pampered plump hands. The person living in the St. Petersburg apartment on the Vyborg side is ambiguous. Oblomov is an excellent conversationalist. By his nature, he is not capable of causing harm to anyone. His soul is pure. He is educated and has a broad outlook. At any given time, his face reflects a continuous stream of thoughts. It would seem that we are talking about if not for the enormous laziness that has taken possession of Ilya Ilyich. Since childhood, numerous nannies took care of him in small ways. “Zakharki da Vanya” from the serfs did any work for him, even small ones. His days pass in idleness and lying on the sofa.

Trusting them, Oblomov signed an enslaving agreement for his Vyborg apartment, and then paid fake “moral damages” to Agafya’s brother Mukhoyarov in the amount of ten thousand rubles through a fake loan letter. Ilya Ilyich's friend Stolz exposes the scoundrels. After this, Tarantiev “goes on the run.”

People close to Oblomov

Those around him feel that he is a sincere person, Oblomov. The characterization is a characterization, but the protagonist’s self-destruction through laziness does not prevent him from having friends. The reader sees how a true friend Andrei Stolts is trying to snatch Oblomov from the tight embrace of doing nothing. After Oblomov’s death, he became, according to the latter’s will, an adoptive father for his son Andryusha.

Oblomov has a devoted and loving common-law wife - the widow Agafya Pshenitsyna - an unrivaled housewife, narrow-minded, illiterate, but honest and decent. Outwardly she is plump, but well-behaved and hard-working. Ilya Ilyich admires it, comparing it to a cheesecake. The woman breaks off all relations with her brother Ivan Mukhoyarov, having learned about his low deception of her husband. After death common-law husband the woman feels that “the soul has been taken out of her.” Having given her son to be raised by the Stolts, Agafya simply wants to follow her Ilya. She is not interested in money, as can be seen from her refusal of the income due from Oblomov’s estate.

Ilya Ilyich is served by Zakhar - an unkempt, lazy, but idolizing his master and a loyal servant of the old school to the end. After the master's death, the former servant prefers to beg, but remains near his grave.

More about the image of Andrei Stolts

Often the theme school essays is Oblomov and Stolz. They are opposite even in appearance. Tawny, dark, with sunken cheeks, it seems that Stolz consists entirely of muscles and tendons. He has a rank behind him and a guaranteed income. Later, while working in a trading company, he earned money to buy a house. He shows activity and creativity, he is offered interesting and money job. In the second part of the novel, it is he who tries to bring Oblomov together with Olga Ilyinskaya, introducing them. However, Oblomov stopped building a relationship with this lady because he was afraid to change housing and engage in active work. Disappointed Olga, who planned to re-educate the lazy man, left him. However, Stolz’s image is not ideal, despite his constant creative work. He, as the opposite of Oblomov, is afraid to dream. Goncharov put an abundance of rationality and rationalism into this image. The writer believed that he had not finalized the image of Stolz. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov even considered this image negative, the judgment that he was “too pleased with himself” and “thinks too well of himself.”

Olga Ilyinskaya - woman of the future

The image of Olga Ilyinskaya is strong, complete, beautiful. Not a beauty, but surprisingly harmonious and dynamic. She is deeply spiritual and at the same time active. met her singing the aria "Casta diva". This woman turned out to be capable of stirring up even such a guy. But re-educating Oblomov turned out to be an extremely difficult task, no more effective than training woodpeckers; laziness took deep roots in him. In the end, Oblomov is the first to give up his relationship with Olga (due to laziness). Characteristics of them further relations- Olga's active sympathy. She marries the active, reliable and faithful Andrei Stolz, who loves her. They have a wonderful, harmonious family. But the astute reader will understand that the active German “does not reach” the spiritual level of his wife.

Conclusion

String Goncharov's images passes before the eyes of the reader of the novel. Of course, the most striking of them is the image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. Having wonderful prerequisites for a successful, comfortable life, he managed to ruin himself. At the end of his life, the landowner realized what had happened to him, giving this phenomenon the capacious, laconic name “Oblomovism.” Is it modern? And how. Today's Ilya Ilyichs, in addition to the dream flight, also have impressive resources - computer games with amazing graphics.

The novel did not reveal the image of Andrei Stolts to the extent intended by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov. The author of the article considers this to be natural. After all, the classic depicted two extremes in these heroes. The first is a useless dream, and the second is a pragmatic, unspiritual activity. It is obvious that only by combining these qualities in the right proportion will we get something harmonious.

Name: Ilya Oblomov

A country: Russia

Creator:

Activity: landowner

Family status: married

Ilya Oblomov: character story

The novel is dedicated to a state characteristic of the Russian person. He describes a hero who has fallen into personal stagnation and apathy. The work gave the world the term “Oblomovism” - a derivative of the name of the character in the story. Goncharov created a striking example literature of the 19th century century. The book turned out to be the pinnacle of the writer's creativity. The novel is included in school curriculum Russian literature and does not lose its relevance, although two centuries have passed since its creation.

History of creation

"Oblomov" is a landmark work for Russian literature of the 19th century. Its meaning is not always accessible to schoolchildren who become acquainted with the book at a young age. Adults consider more deeply the idea that the author wanted to convey.

The main character of the work is the landowner Ilya Oblomov, whose lifestyle is incomprehensible to others. Some consider him a philosopher, others a thinker, and others a lazy person. The author allows the reader to compose own opinion, without speaking categorically about the character.

It is impossible to evaluate the concept of a novel separately from the history of the creation of the work. The basis of the book was the story “Dashing Illness,” written by Goncharov several years earlier. Inspiration struck the writer at a time when the social and political situation in Russia was tense.

At that time, the image of an apathetic tradesman who was unable to take responsibility for his actions and decisions was typical for the country. The idea for the book was influenced by reasoning. The critic wrote about the appearance of the image of the “superfluous man” in literary works that time. He described the hero as a freethinker, incapable of serious action, a dreamer, useless to society. Oblomov's appearance is a visual embodiment of the nobility of those years. The novel describes the changes occurring in the hero. The characteristics of Ilya Ilyich are subtly outlined in each of the four chapters.

Biography

The main character was born into a landowner family living according to the traditional lordly way of life. Ilya Oblomov spent his childhood on a family estate, where life was not very diverse. The parents loved the boy. The affectionate nanny spoiled her with fairy tales and jokes. Sleep and long sittings at meals were commonplace for the family, and Ilya easily adopted their inclinations. He was protected from all sorts of misfortunes, not allowing him to deal with the difficulties that arose.

According to Goncharov, the child grew up apathetic and withdrawn until he turned into a thirty-two-year-old unprincipled man with an attractive appearance. He lacked interest in anything and concentration on a specific subject. The hero's income was provided by serfs, so he did not need anything. The clerk robbed him, his place of residence gradually fell into disrepair, and the sofa became his permanent location.

Oblomov’s descriptive image includes bright features lazy landowner and is collective. Goncharov's contemporaries tried not to name their sons after Ilya if they were the namesakes of their fathers. The household name that Oblomov's name acquired was carefully avoided.

Satirical description of appearance actor becomes a continuation of the string of “extra people” that he began and continued. Oblomov is not old, but he is already flabby. His face is expressionless. Gray eyes do not carry even a shadow of thought. He wears an old robe. Goncharov pays attention to the character’s appearance, noting his effeminacy and passivity. The dreamer Oblomov is not ready for action and indulges in laziness. The tragedy of the hero lies in the fact that he has great prospects, but is not able to realize them.

Oblomov is kind and selfless. He does not have to put any effort into anything, and if such a prospect arises, he fears it and shows uncertainty. He often dreams of the setting of his native estate, bringing back a sweet longing for his native place. From time to time, beautiful dreams are dispelled by other heroes of the novel.

He is the antagonist of Ilya Oblomov. The friendship between the men began in childhood. The opposite of a dreamer, Stolz, who has German roots, avoids idleness and is accustomed to working. He criticizes the lifestyle preferred by Oblomov. Stolz knows that his friend’s first attempts to realize his career ended in failure.

Having moved to St. Petersburg as a young man, Ilya tried to work in an office, but things did not go well, and he chose inaction. Stolz is an ardent opponent of passivity and tries to be active, although he understands that his work is not intended for high goals.

She became the woman who managed to awaken Oblomov from idleness. The love that settled in the hero’s heart helped him leave the usual sofa and forget about drowsiness and apathy. Golden heart, sincerity and breadth of soul attracted the attention of Olga Ilyinskaya.

She valued Ilya’s imagination and fantasy and at the same time tried to assert herself by caring for a man who had renounced the world. The girl was inspired by her ability to influence Oblomov and understood that their relationship would not continue. Ilya Ilyich's indecisiveness became the reason for the collapse of this union.

Fleeting obstacles are perceived by Oblomov as indestructible barriers. He is not able to adapt and adapt to social frameworks. Inventing his own cozy world, he distances himself from reality, where he has no place.

Isolation became the path to simple happiness in life, and it was brought by a woman who was constantly nearby. rented out the apartment where the hero lived. After breaking up with Olga Ilyinskaya, he found solace in Agafya’s attention. A thirty-year-old woman fell in love with a tenant, and her feelings did not require changes in character or way of life.

Having united their households, little by little they began to show trust in each other and began to live in perfect harmony. Pshenitsyna did not demand anything from her husband. She was content with the merits and did not pay attention to the shortcomings. The marriage produced a son, Andryusha, Agafya’s only consolation after Oblomov’s death.

• The chapter “Oblomov’s Dream” describes how the hero dreams of a thunderstorm. By popular belief On Elijah’s day you cannot work, so as not to die from thunder. Ilya Ilyich has not worked all his life. The author justifies the character's idleness by believing in omens.
• Coming from a village whose life is cyclical, Oblomov builds love relationship according to this principle. Getting to know Ilyinskaya in the spring, he confesses his feelings in the summer, gradually falls into apathy in the fall and tries to avoid meetings in the winter. The relationship between the heroes lasted a year. This was enough to experience a bright palette of feelings and cool them down.

• The author mentions that Oblomov served as a collegiate assessor and managed to be a provincial secretary. Both positions did not correspond to the class to which the landowner belonged, and they could be achieved through hard work. Comparing the facts, it is easy to assume that the hero, who was lazy and while studying at the university, received his position in a different way. The classes of Pshenitsyna and Oblomov corresponded, which the author emphasizes the kinship of souls.
• Life with Agafya suited Oblomov. It is curious that even the woman’s surname is consonant with the rural nature for which the hero yearned.

Quotes

Despite his laziness, Oblomov shows himself to be an educated and sensitive person, deep person With with a pure heart and good thoughts. He justifies his inaction by saying:

“...Some people have nothing else to do but talk. There is such a calling."

Internally, Oblomov is strong to commit the act. The main step towards changes in his life is his love for Ilyinskaya. For her sake, he is capable of feats, one of which is saying goodbye to his favorite robe and sofa. It is quite possible that an object that could interest the hero just as much was simply not found. And if there is no interest, why forget about convenience? Therefore he criticizes the world:

“...There is nothing of their own, they are scattered in all directions, not directed towards anything. Underneath this comprehensiveness lies emptiness, a lack of sympathy for everything!..”

Oblomov in Goncharov’s novel appears at the same time as a lazy person with a negative connotation and an exalted character with poetic talent. His words contain subtle turns and expressions that are alien to the hard worker Stolz. His elegant phrases attract Ilyinskaya and turn Agafya’s head. Oblomov’s world, woven from dreams and dreams, is built on the melody of poetry, love for comfort and harmony, peace of mind and goodness:

“...Memories are either the greatest poetry when they are memories of living happiness, or burning pain when they touch dried wounds.”

Oblomov- a hereditary nobleman of the old school. He is 31 - 32 years old, lives in St. Petersburg in a small rented apartment, and is a person who spends all his time at home. Ilya Ilyich does not go to work and does not sit behind papers in the building, he earns his living with the help of other, equally stupid and narrow-minded people. Oblomov dreams of sitting on the couch forever in his favorite robe and not worrying about “stupid” problems. Oblomov is a lazy and dreamy person. One day he falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya, who wants to change him with all her might, but even love cannot fix him.

Stolz- best friend Oblomov, who has known him since childhood and is the complete opposite of him. It is alien to him to lie on the sofa and dream about better life and a wonderful future. Andrei Ivanovich relies only on his own strength and own skills. He constantly goes to the front and tries to reach his top. He doesn’t understand how you can live your life in one place, not travel and not grow. But, despite this, Stolz appreciates Oblomov for his pure, sincere heart and tries with all his might to help him both financially and in love affairs.

Olga Ilyinskaya- a young progressive landowner 20 years old. She is a smart, beautiful, emotional girl who takes the best from life. Olga is similar to Stolz in her beliefs and character. The moment she meets Oblomov, she notices a man who does not want to change anything and relies only on fate and dreams. She doesn't count good time spending time lying on the couch and daydreaming. Therefore, afterwards Ilyinskaya spends all her strength on changing Oblomov, but even she doesn’t succeed.

Agafya Pshenitsyna- not a rich landowner, about 30 years old, who remained a widow with two small children. She is the owner of the house where Ilya Ilyich lives. Agafya cooks very tasty, cleans the house well, also sews well, in general, she is an excellent housewife. Matveevna is a quiet, kind, modest woman and at the same time narrow-minded and stupid. She would prefer to remain silent and simply agree than to express her point of view. Agafya is getting old, doing everything for Oblomov, she takes care of him like a mother and child. And then in the end she acquires the role of wife for her tenant.

Zakhar- Oblomov’s servant for 50 years. He has known the owner since his youth and works for him quite a large number of time. Now in his service with Mr. Zakhar, he has become as lazy and grouchy as the owner. He constantly complains, whines about the terrible conditions, and deceives Ilya Ilyich. Zakhar Trofimovich can rob Oblomov both in terms of money and food. The servant is a representative of the old order and believes that until his death he should serve only one master. He remains loyal even after the death of his master.

Anisya- cook in the apartment of the landowner Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, she is 47 years old. She is a hardworking woman, kind, affectionate, quiet and quite modest. Anisya is not a stupid and narrow-minded person, she is much smarter than the servant Zahara. The cook sees that Oblomov is wasting his life on the sofa in a dressing gown, surrendering to unrealistic dreams. Agafya understands that you can’t live like a nobleman, and you could waste your whole life. But despite her conflicting thoughts, she does not tell her owner about this and continues to take care of him and push him around in front of his orders.

Mukhoyarov – brother the mistress of the house Agafya Pshenitsyna. He worked for a long time as a secretary in the office, and during his entire service Mukhoyarov accumulated a fairly decent amount of money with the help of bribes. The former secretary is arrogant and cunning man who can sell his loved ones for a pittance. If you don’t know this person well or look at him from the outside, you can say that he is quiet, petty and pathetic man who is afraid, raise his head to the nobleman. But in his soul, Mukhoyarov, as they said, is a rather smart and narcissistic person.

Volkov- a noble nobleman, the first guest in Oblomov’s house for 25 years. He is a fashionable, rich man who spends his whole life not on the sofa in a robe, giving in to his dreams, but at various noisy gatherings with noble people. He only wears best clothes and decoration, talks only about “high” things and problems. Volkov attends all social meetings, performances, theaters and various evenings. For a nobleman, the opinion of the noble crowd is more important than his desires. Volkov is ready to forget about his interests, just for the sake of respect from other people.

Sudbinsky- he is Oblomov’s former colleague in the office and is the second guest in Ilya Ilyich’s house after Volkov. He does not spend his life on rich social evenings, not discussing people, and does not spend his life in the house in a shabby robe. Sudbinsky spends all his personal time on his own career. The employee tries his best to receive big bonuses And best awards. This brings him quite a bit of income, but, despite the benefits, he lives his life within the four walls of his office.

Penkin- another of Oblomov’s acquaintances and the third guest in his house. He fashion writer and writer. Penkin earns money by writing various books, fashion articles in newspapers and magazines. He writes about various incidents, secular news and not poor individuals. But despite his rather easy career, Penkin writes articles only for profit, and does not receive any pleasure from it. The writer sees quite rich life, travels around the world and sees a lot of new things. But for Oblomov, he is just a machine that is trying to survive all the juices from life.

Alekseev- an old acquaintance of Onegin and is already the fourth guest in his rented estate. He is a minor official who earns little money and does not move up the career ladder. Alekseev fully corresponds to his profession. An official is a small, quiet person who does not like to stand out from others; it is easier for him to squeeze into a corner so that no one sees him. Alekseev is not passionate about his service, does not travel the world, and does not like to attend various noisy social parties. He visits Ilya Ilyich only for the sake of free food and booze.

Tarantiev- fifth guest in Oblomov’s house, about 40 years old. He is a minor official, like Alekseev. Throughout his entire life, Tarantiev did not advance any further in his service. The official, despite his low title among his acquaintances, is an arrogant, cunning, and also quite selfish person. He has been robbing Oblomov and Mukhoyarov for quite some time, “pumping” money out of him while he lies quietly on the sofa and simply does not notice it. Tarantiev is a vengeful person who will not forget a single word from an action and will not calm down until he takes revenge.

Doctor Oblomova- another acquaintance of Oblomov and the last guest in his house. He treats Oblomov, examines him and gives him various advice. The doctor is not used to serving small people and treats only nobles and socialites. He is one of the few people who does not profit from someone he knows, but tries to get him off the couch and show him how diverse the world outside the window is. He is a quiet, reserved, but attentive person. The doctor will prefer to advise, but not force you to do something.

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/ Heroes of Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”

I.A. Goncharov in the novel “Oblomov” showed quite solid characters. Both the main and secondary characters are representatives contemporary writer society.

The main characters of Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”

– main character novel. This is a lazy, inert representative of the philistinism. A large role in the description of the character is played by the image of the sofa on which he spends his time. most life of Oblomov. It is a symbol of inaction and apathy. The author pays attention to the reasons for such an inactive lifestyle: they lie in the upbringing of the hero. A childhood in which Oblomov was constantly looked after by adults bore fruit in mature age. I. A. Goncharov shows that people like Oblomov have no future, they are doomed to tragic fate. That is why when the main character of a work dies, the story still continues.

- one of the main images of the novel, Oblomov’s friend, who is his complete opposite. Work for a character is one of the main components of life. He believes that without hard work, the embodiment of all one’s desires and the constant development of oneself as an individual, the future is impossible. Stolz is opposed to Oblomov not only in relation to work, but also in terms of spiritual qualities. The German, unlike Oblomov, is rude and callous. He lacks the warmth inherent in the main character. This image is on the path of ideal and strong personalities, according to the author.

However, more strong personality in the work she appears as Oblomov’s beloved, and later as Stolz’s wife. This image always strives for development, even more than Stolz. Olga was not particularly beautiful, but she was always confident in herself. Ilyinskaya’s words will never be inconsistent with her actions. She is a man of action. The heroine sincerely tries to change Oblomov’s lifestyle, but when she comes to the understanding that she won’t succeed, she breaks up with him. Because she cannot connect her life with an apathetic person. And even being married to Stolz, she is bored, because there is no hero who would suit her strong character.

Contrasted Ilyinsky image Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna. This is Oblomov’s wife, distinguished by her kindness and mercy. Such a heroine is Oblomov’s ideal; both of them are representatives of the old world. Pshchenitsyna is not interested in anything other than housekeeping. She truly loves Oblomov and is ready to do anything for him. After her husband's death, she loses part of herself and withdraws.

Minor characters of Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”

Zakhar is the servant of Ilya Ilyich, who is somewhat similar to his master. He is lazy and unkempt. The author ironically shows how all the things around break or break. However, such character traits do not prevent the hero from taking care of his master. He, like Oblomov, is a representative of the old order, in which the master is everything to the servant. We can say that Zakhar’s life is in connection with Oblomov’s life. Therefore, when the main character dies, his servant also dies mentally, whom his wife, Anisya, still tries to look after.

Anisya is Oblomov’s cook, somewhat similar to Agafya Matveevna. Both of them are the embodiment of a real Russian woman. Anisya joined the Oblomov family so easily that she has already become an inseparable part of it. She is hardworking, kind and worldly smart.

The work highlights negative images, which includes Ivan Matveevich Mukhoyarov, Pshenitsyna’s brother. He is a cunning and indifferent person, although initially he seems virtuous. Mukhoyarov is used to getting money by any means, fair or dishonest, he is used to taking bribes. He has nothing sacred; the hero, together with Tarantiev, is trying to create a scam with the help of which they will be able to rob Oblomov. However, Stolz reveals their plans.

Mikhei Andreevich Tarantiev is an equally insensitive swindler and swindler, ready to do anything for money. It is he who comes up with a plan to rob Oblomov, but he cannot carry out this plan alone, so he chooses the executor - Mukhoyarov. Tarantiev is a rude, immoral person who criticizes everything and everyone.

Important in the work are the images of Oblomov’s unique doubles, which include Volkov, Sudbinsky and Penkin. The author shows that their life is as inferior as Oblomov’s. Volkov, although he does not lie on the couch, spends it also uselessly on entertainment and attending various holidays. Sudbinsky is the embodiment of bureaucratic life. He works really hard, which helps him achieve a high position. However, according to Oblomov, this pursuit of a career spoils all people; it is not capable of making a person happy. Penkin is a writer who writes about everything in the world and publishes meaningless and insensitive works. The hero is the personification of corrupt creativity, which, of course, was not supported by I. A. Goncharov.

Another guest in Oblomov’s house is Alekseev. This is a person who adapts to others and does not have his own opinion. Nobody remembers his name. Alekseev is similar to Oblomov in that they are both quiet, unremarkable people.

Importantly among minor characters is Dr. Oblomov, who treats only wealthy people. He gives advice to the main character: to live according to the social rules of that time. However, in essence, he suggested that Oblomov exchange the sofa for the same useless things.

Thus, I.A. Goncharov showed not only “Oblomovism”, but also the society in which this phenomenon is formed.

The novel "Oblomov" is integral part Goncharov’s trilogy, which also included “The Precipice” and “An Ordinary Story.” It was first published in 1859 in the magazine " Domestic notes“, however, the author published a fragment of the novel “Oblomov’s Dream” 10 years earlier, back in 1849. According to the author, the draft of the entire novel was already ready at that time. A trip to his native Simbirsk with its ancient patriarchal way of life largely inspired him to publish the novel. However, I had to take a break creative activity in connection with a trip around the world.

Analysis of the work

Introduction. The history of the creation of the novel. Main idea.

Much earlier, in 1838, Goncharov published humorous story“Dashing Sickness,” which condemningly describes such a harmful phenomenon that flourishes in the West as a tendency to excessive daydreaming and melancholy. It was then that the author first raised the issue of “Oblomovism,” which he later fully and comprehensively revealed in the novel.

Later, the author admitted that Belinsky’s speech on the topic of his “ Ordinary history"made him think about creating Oblomov. In his analysis, Belinsky helped him outline a clear image of the main character, his character and personality traits. In addition, the hero Oblomov is, in some way, Goncharov’s recognition of his mistakes. After all, he, too, was once a supporter of serene and meaningless pastime. Goncharov spoke more than once about how difficult it was sometimes for him to do some everyday things, not to mention the difficulty with which he made the decision to go to circumnavigation. His friends even nicknamed him “Prince De Lazy.”

The ideological content of the novel is extremely deep: the author raises deep social problems, which were relevant for many of his contemporaries. For example, the dominance of European ideals and canons among the nobility and the vegetation of original Russian values. Eternal questions love, duty, decency, human relationships and life values.

General characteristics of the work. Genre, plot and composition.

According to genre features, the novel "Oblomov" can be easily identified as typical work directions of realism. Here there are all the signs characteristic of works of this genre: a central conflict of interests and positions of the protagonist and the society opposing him, many details in the description of situations and interiors, authenticity from the point of view of historical and everyday aspects. For example, Goncharov very clearly depicts the social division of layers of society inherent in that time: bourgeois, serfs, officials, nobles. During the course of the story, some characters receive their development, for example, Olga. Oblomov, on the contrary, degrades, breaking under the pressure of the surrounding reality.

The typical phenomenon of that time, described on the pages, which later received the name “Oblomovshchina,” allows us to interpret the novel as a social one. The extreme degree of laziness and moral depravity, vegetation and personal decay - all this had an extremely detrimental effect on the bourgeoisie of the 19th century. And “Oblomovshchina” became a household name, in in a general sense reflecting the way of life of Russia at that time.

In terms of composition, the novel can be divided into 4 separate blocks or parts. At the beginning, the author lets us understand what the main character is like, to follow the smooth, non-dynamic and lazy flow of his boring life. What follows is the climax of the novel - Oblomov falls in love with Olga, comes out of “hibernation”, strives to live, enjoy every day and receive personal development. However, their relationship was not destined to continue and the couple experienced a tragic breakup. Oblomov's short-term insight turns into further degradation and disintegration of personality. Oblomov again falls into despondency and depression, plunging into his feelings and joyless existence. The denouement is the epilogue, which describes future life hero: Ilya Ilyich marries a homely woman who does not sparkle with intelligence and emotions. Conducts last days in peace, indulging in laziness and gluttony. The finale is the death of Oblomov.

Images of the main characters

In contrast to Oblomov is the description of Andrei Ivanovich Stolts. These are two antipodes: Stolz’s gaze is directed clearly forward, he is confident that without development there is no future for him as an individual and for society as a whole. Such people move the planet forward; the only joy available to them is constant work. He takes pleasure in achieving goals, he has no time to build ephemeral castles in the air and vegetate like Oblomov in a world of ethereal fantasies. At the same time, Goncharov is not trying to make one of his heroes bad and the other good. On the contrary, he repeatedly emphasizes that neither one nor the other male image is not ideal. Each of them has both positive features, and disadvantages. This is another feature that allows us to classify the novel as a realistic genre.

Just like men, women in this novel are also opposed to each other. Pshenitsyna Agafya Matveevna - Oblomov's wife is presented as a narrow-minded, but extremely kind and flexible nature. She literally idolizes her husband, trying to make his life as comfortable as possible. The poor thing does not understand that by doing so she is digging his grave. She - typical representative the old system, when a woman is literally a slave of her husband, not having the right to her own opinion, and a hostage to everyday problems.

Olga Ilyinskaya

Olga is a progressive young girl. It seems to her that she can change Oblomov, set him on the true path, and she almost succeeds. She is incredibly strong-willed, emotional and talented. In a man, she wants to see, first of all, a spiritual mentor, a strong, integral personality, at least equal to her in mentality and beliefs. This is where the conflict of interests with Oblomov occurs. Unfortunately, he cannot and does not want to meet her high demands and goes into the shadows. Unable to forgive such cowardice, Olga breaks up with him and thereby saves herself from “Oblomovism.”

Conclusion

In the novel it is raised quite serious problem from point of view historical development Russian society, namely “Oblomovshchina” or the gradual degradation of certain layers of the Russian public. Old foundations that people are not ready to change and improve their society and way of life, philosophical questions development, the theme of love and the weakness of the human spirit - all this rightfully allows us to recognize Goncharov’s novel as a brilliant work of the 19th century.

"Oblomovshchina" from social phenomenon gradually flows into the character of the person himself, drags him to the bottom of laziness and moral decay. Dreams and illusions are gradually replacing real world, Where like a person There's just no room. This leads to another problematic topic raised by the author, namely the question “ An extra person", which is Oblomov. He is stuck in the past and sometimes his dreams even take precedence over really important things, for example, his love for Olga.

The success of the novel was largely due to the deep crisis that coincided with serfdom. The image of a bored landowner, incapable of independent life, was perceived very sharply by the public. Many recognized themselves in Oblomov, and Goncharov’s contemporaries, for example, the writer Dobrolyubov, quickly picked up the theme of “Oblomovism” and continued to develop it on the pages of their scientific works. Thus, the novel became an event not only in the field of literature, but the most important socio-political and historical event.

The author is trying to reach the reader, make him look at own life, and perhaps rethink something. Only by correctly interpreting Goncharov’s fiery message can you change your life and then you can avoid Oblomov’s sad ending.