Post famous women artists. Seven Great Women Artists

- women Slavic origin and created many masterpieces of painting, sculpture, literature and music.

Maria Bashkirtseva

Her main merit is that she became the first of the “class” whose paintings were acquired by the Louvre. She was born in the Poltava region in 1860. The girl’s numerous talents showed up early. Behind short term She practically mastered four modern and two ancient languages ​​on her own. This gave her the opportunity to get acquainted in the original with the works of ancient authors and classics of world literature. Then the girl easily learned to play the guitar, mandolin, harp and piano. In addition, God rewarded her with an amazingly strong voice. But after serious illness I had to give up my dreams of the stage forever. After thinking for some time, Maria Bashkirtseva decided to become an artist. Academy of Painting gave her everything necessary knowledge. But the girl was seriously engaged in self-education. Pretty soon, her paintings were noticed and art critics in the press began to praise her. True, along with her successes, her health became increasingly worse. Maria passed away in October 1884, not two weeks before next day birth. On next year The French Society of Women Artists and Sculptors organized the first posthumous exhibition her works. Some time later, on the initiative and at the expense of Dutch painters, an exhibition of her works was held in Amsterdam. In 1887, her diaries were published. This publication has become one of the most read. European art criticism saw in Bashkirtseva bright personality, a multi-talented woman from mysterious Russia.

Angelica Kaufman

Angelica's father worked to order, fulfilling orders for decorating and painting provincial churches. The family moved quite often. Moreover, not only by city, but also by country. From the age of nine, the child could draw quite well with a pencil and even in oil. Having visited Italy, the young talent was amazed by the masterpieces of painting by the great masters. After this, Kaufman's desire to become an artist was firmly established. In 1765 she was accepted as a member of the Academy of St. Luke. And a couple of years later, Angelique also became a member of the Royal French Academy, where only the most worthy were accepted. By the way, until that time not a single woman was accepted there. Portraits and landscapes her brushes literally shone with talent! Angelica's portrait of Goethe is considered one of best works. During her life, all sorts of intrigues were woven around her, created by men in love with the artist. She lived for 66 years and died in 1807.

Zinaida Serebryakova

Born in 1884. In Zinaida's family it was difficult not to become an artist. Zinaida's mother was the sister of Alexandre Benois. The girl kept hearing conversations about great role art in people's lives and visited numerous Exhibitions. All relatives were creative people and did the work according to their calling. Serebryakova's self-portrait appeared in 1909 and was highly appreciated at the exhibition of the Union of Russian Artists. Moreover, the Tretyakov Gallery acquired the painting. Left early without a husband and with four children, Zinaida was thrown away from her career as an artist for a long time. Until a large exhibition took place in the USA, where her paintings were bought for quite large amounts. In Paris, where the artist moved, her fame as a great portrait painter was firmly established. But a real boom prevented abstract art, and therefore many of her works went unnoticed. After World War II, Serebryakova set out to return to her homeland. But something constantly prevented me from doing this: either paperwork or illness. Shortly before his death took place personal exhibition her paintings, which truly delighted all visitors and critics. In 1967, Zinaida Serebryakova passed away.

Marie Tussauds

She was born in Strasbourg in 1761. As a child, her environment was extremely small. This was due to the fact that Marie’s father was an executioner. It soon turned out that her father was the sculptor Philip Curtis. It was he who founded the Museum in 1770 wax figures. There was simply no end to Curtis’s orders for sculpting wax figures. Soon the daughter began to excel in modeling technology and help her father. She made her first statues in the form of Voltaire and Franklin at the age of 17. By the way, they still decorate the museum. Simultaneously talented girl achieved success in drawing, sewing and hair styling. In 1794, Curtis died and bequeathed the entire wax collection to his daughter. Marie inherited not only the collection, but also his business. And soon she married the French engineer Francois Tussaud. The only thing that benefited Marie from this marriage was her surname. Despite periodic setbacks in fate, Marie worked hard, and her fame grew. Almost all her life she wanted to have her own museum in which all the figures could be placed. And only shortly before his death the dream came true. After Madame Tussaud's death in 1884, the business was continued by her grandson, and then by subsequent descendants.

Camille Claudel

Exactly at the age of 18, an unknown girl came to conquer Paris. But school fine arts closed the doors on her. Camilla did not despair and organized sculpture courses. After some time, the mentor showed her work to the director of that same school. He approved of these works, but said that the style was very similar to Rodin's. Ironically, it was Rodin who became the new mentor for the courses. Less than a year had passed since Claudel and Rodin became friends and began not only to communicate closely, but also to work together in the same workshop. Of course, the birth of a novel was inevitable. But having worked with Rodin for a long time, Camille’s works were constantly compared with the sculptures of her “teacher”. In 1896, She finally broke off all relations with him. Nevertheless, such sculptures as “Oblivion”, “In Conversation”, “Waltz” were executed masterfully and decades later received massive approval from art connoisseurs. But even after the artist’s death in 1943, the remaining works were placed in a separate room at the Rodin Museum.

Let's talk about "Women Artists" and what this term means.

Here are some things in the art world that I know about:

In 2013, every artist in the top 100 auction sales was a man.
There were no women in the top 40 in 2014.
In 2015, only five out of 34 art galleries boasted lists in which women make up more than 50 percent. And this is in America - the leader of world democracy!

Less than four percent of artists in contemporary art in the collection of the Metropolitan in New York there are works by women, but, attention (!) - 76% of the canvases are nude or half-naked women. Since 2007, only 29 percent of solo exhibitions at the Whitney Museum have been dedicated to women artists.

Male artists still perpetuate the myth that women bad artists: "Even if in painting classes art academy more than 90 percent are women, it is a fact that very few of them will manage to become truly powerful artists," said Georg Baselitz this year.

"If women are ambitious enough to succeed, they can do it, thank you. But so far, they haven't been able to prove that they want success. Women generally sell themselves well, but not as artists."

These are just numbers, yes, and I was able to find them in reviews American art. We have the same depressing picture in art.
I welcome a more complete statistical review (although I doubt it will be a different story), and if you have other numbers, please write. But one thing is clear today - The reality is: women are underrepresented in the art world.

A small question: why are there so few women - street artists? There are only a few of them, while there are hundreds of men in this area! Those artists we know today are no worse, and sometimes better than Banksy. It turns out that to achieve success in street art, women need to seriously outperform men - only then will they be noticed. But is it only in this direction?

The term “artist” necessarily emphasizes the female authorship of any work performed by her.

By separating women artists from men, a critic may say that " women's art“We need to approach it with a different yardstick. But an approach with a different standard means, first of all, neglect and raising the bar for women.

Ruth Asawa was born in 1926, California. She earned the nickname "Lady Fountain" due to her penchant for designing unusual fountains, particularly in San Francisco. Early in her career, she learned to crochet wire sculptures, creating works that combined realism and abstraction.

Vivianna Toruń is often mentioned as one of Sweden's most famous jewelers, a master jeweler with a personal style. She communicated with Picasso and Matisse in Parisian salons.

By using the concept of gender as a filter through which we analyze art, we introduce limitations.

There are artists who firmly state, “I don’t consider myself a girl artist, I’m just an artist.” And this is a completely legal statement for a person.

Women artists are simply artists. But not today. Today, a woman in art is a person whose work is assessed according to gender. Today women are a minority in the arts.

And the choice of profession that they make is a right, not a privilege.

Now you can throw slippers at me, but what is written here is just the truth.

Since ancient times, painting, like other forms of art, has been the prerogative of men. Everyone knows the names of great artists from the Renaissance to the famous modernists and abstractionists of the 20th century, who wrote their names in capital letters in the history of world art. The same cannot be said about equally talented women artists . Not many people know about them. It so happened historically that for centuries talented women had to win their place in the sun from men.

For the first time, paintings began to appear signed female names, only during the Renaissance. But it took another five hundred years to achieve full equality and recognition in the fine arts. Only by the beginning of the 19th century did women at the easel take their worthy page in the history of world art.

https://static.kulturologia.ru/files/u21941/000molbert-0005.jpg" alt="Self-portrait.

Sophonisba Anguissola (1532-1625)

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Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1653)

https://static.kulturologia.ru/files/u21941/000molbert-0022.jpg" alt="Self-portrait. (1671). Author: Maria van Oosterwijk." title="Self-portrait. (1671).

Anna Vaser (1678–1714)

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Angelika Kaufman (1741-1807)

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Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun (1755-1842)

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Sentimental genre allowed the artist to depict subjects in very advantageous poses and elegant clothes, so Louise Vigee-Le Brun was loved among the French aristocracy and members of royal families.

https://static.kulturologia.ru/files/u21941/000molbert-0006.jpg" alt=" Artist, painting a portrait female musicians (1803). Author: Margarita Gerard. " title="Artist painting a portrait of a musician. (1803).

Maria Bashkirtseva (1858-1884)

Bashkirtseva Maria Konstantinovna - a native of the village of Gavrontsy, Poltava province, most who lived in France, considered herself a Russian writer and artist. She died at the age of 26 from tuberculosis.

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Marie Gabrielle Capet (1761–1818)

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Anna Vallaye-Koster (1744-1818).

Self-portrait.

This list can be continued and further list the names and achievements of world-famous artists who lived and worked in the 20th century. This includes Tamara de Lempicki with her spectacular works, Frida Kahlo with her piercing paintings. And also to be inspired, having experienced real delight, at the sight of the works of Russian artists Zinaida Serebryakova and Alexandra Ekster.

However, male artists still strive to belittle the role of women in art history and perpetuate the myth that they are bad artists: "Даже если в занятиях живописью в художественной академии более 90 процентов составляют женщины, это факт, что очень немногим из них удастся стать по-настоящему мощными художниками",- !} stated Georg Baselitz - famous German artist.

Talented, enlightened women have always had a hard time. Many had to give up family ties for the sake of their creativity, while remaining

Traditional English tea party "five o'clock" (1880), artist Mary Cassatt

Van Gogh, Matisse, Gauguin, Dali... And hundreds of other men, geniuses of painting, who are well known to everyone, whom we have known and loved since childhood. But representatives of the fair half of humanity seem to remain on the sidelines... How often can one hear an offensive, unfair question: “Why are there no famous artists among women? Maybe they don’t have it?”

Of course, this is not true. Today we will remember the great artists, Russian and foreign, whose paintings are rightfully considered world masterpieces. Seven great names, seven difficult ones women's destinies in the world visual arts, which is generally considered masculine...

Natalia Goncharova(1881-1962) - great-grandniece of that same Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova, wife of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (at one time the artist designed “Tales of Tsar Saltan”, thus paying tribute to the famous relationship).

She studied painting under the guidance of the outstanding artist and teacher Konstantin Korovin. Together with her husband, M.F. Larionov, one of the founders of the Russian avant-garde, she organized the “Donkey’s Tail” association. In 1915, she received an invitation from Sergei Diaghilev to work on the Russian Seasons - tours of opera and ballet artists in Paris.

With the current value of her paintings, Natalya Goncharova has outdone all the artists in the world. In 2008, the price record in the “women’s category” was broken by the painting “Flowers”, sold at Christie’s auction for more than $10 million. The work is one of key works Russian avant-garde, since it combines elements of European impressionism and an absolutely innovative movement created by Goncharova and her husband - the so-called. "Rayism". Like, all the objects that we see are the sum of rays refracted from these same objects. The artist also experimented with primitivism, using iconography.

In 2010, at the London auction, the painting “The Spanish Flu” set another price record - its lucky owner parted with $1.216 million.

Today, most of Natalia Goncharova’s works are in Tretyakov Gallery.

Natalya Goncharova. "Peacock under bright sun" 1911.

Frida Kahlo(1907-1954) - the most famous Mexican artist, who was famous for her colorful self-portraits. Her work was significantly influenced by Mexican culture and the art of the peoples of pre-Columbian America. Art style Frida Kahlo has been characterized as folk art or naive art.

Frida had poor health all her life - she suffered from polio at the age of six, and also suffered a serious car accident in adolescence, after which she had to undergo numerous operations that affected her for the rest of her life. It was after the tragedy that she first asked her father for brushes and paints. The first painting was a self-portrait, which forever determined the main direction of creativity. She wrote in her diary: “I write about myself because I spend a lot of time alone and because I am the subject I know best.”

In 1929, Kahlo married artist Diego Rivera. Their stormy living together became a legend.

In 1937, the Soviet revolutionary leader Leon Trotsky briefly found refuge in the house of Diego and Frida, who adhere to communist views; he and Frida began an affair.

In the forties, Frida Kahlo's paintings appeared in several notable exhibitions. At the same time, her health problems are getting worse. Medicines and drugs designed to reduce physical suffering change it state of mind, which is clearly reflected in the diary, which has become a cult among her fans. In 1953, her first personal exhibition took place in her homeland. By that time, Frida could no longer get out of bed, and she was brought to the opening of the exhibition in a hospital bed. A year later, the cult artist and style icon died, but her life itself, bright image And amazing paintings have become an inspiring legend for millions of people around the world...

Frida Kahlo. "Self-Portrait (Diego in Thoughts)." 1943.

Maria Bashkirtseva(1858 - 1884) - born in Poltava province. She is the first of the Russian artists whose paintings, “Jean and Jacques” and “The Meeting,” adorned the walls of the Louvre. However, most of her works did not survive the First World War. In addition to 150 paintings, 200 drawings and numerous watercolors, Maria Bashkirtseva left behind literary heritage- “Diary”, which I kept from the age of 15 in French. After her death, it was translated into all European languages, and soon published in America. It is noteworthy that the mother tore out all the pages from the diary that mentioned her daughter’s feminist views. It is known that Maria Bashkirtseva actively advocated for women's rights. The academic canons of painting also seemed cramped to her nature. She preferred working in the open air, painting the faces of Parisian women snatched from everyday street landscapes.

The artist's life, unfortunately, was not long: she died of tuberculosis at only 25 years old. IN last years During her life, the artist corresponded with Guy de Maupassant, who said at her grave: “This was the only Rose in my life, whose path I would strew with roses, knowing that it would be so bright and so short!” And the great Marina Tsvetaeva dedicated a collection of early lyrics “Evening Album” to Bashkirtseva.

Maria Bashkirtseva. "Rain Umbrella" 1883.

Mary Cassatt(1844—1926) – famous American artist and a graphic artist who painted in the style of impressionism. She lived most of her life in France and was friends with Edgar Degas and Berthe Morisot. Her paintings were inspired by images of the social and personal lives of women, with particular emphasis on the close bond between mothers and children.

Even though Mary's family objected to her desire to become professional artist, she began studying painting at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia. Intolerant of the leisurely pace of learning and the patronizing attitude of the male half of students and teachers, she decided to continue her studies on her own, and in 1886 she moved to Paris.

After seeing Edgar Degas pastels in the window of an art shop, she wrote to a friend: “I had to go and press my nose to the window to absorb all I could of his painting. It changed my life. I saw art the way I wanted to see it.” She met Degas in 1874. He invited her to participate in an Impressionist exhibition, and Mary Cassatt's works were exhibited in 1879.

Cassatt became extremely adept at using pastels, eventually executing many of her paintings in this technique.

A series of strictly written, subtly observed, unsentimental paintings of mother and child are the main theme of her most famous works.

The 1890s were Cassatt's busiest and most creative period in her life. Young people imitated her American artists who needed her advice and support. In recognition of her contribution to art, she received the Legion of Honor in 1904.

Mary Cassatt died in 1926 at the Chateau de Beaufren, near Paris, and was buried in the family crypt.

Mary Cassatt. "Women admiring a child." 1897.

Zinaida Serebryakova(1884-1967) – Russian realist artist. Her grandfather and great-grandfather devoted themselves to architecture, her father was engaged in sculpture and painting, and her uncles included a famous artist and critic Alexander Benois, so Zinaida became friends with a brush and canvas since childhood.

Serebryakova married her cousin; Relatives did not approve of this union, and the artist and her husband had to emigrate, leaving their children in Russia. Zinaida Serebryakova was lucky enough to see her son only after 36 years...

Today, the artist’s paintings are sold for incredible amounts of money. And while living in Paris, she tried to make a living by painting portraits, but very often she simply gave them to customers. Due to poverty, Serebryakova was even forced to make her own paints. She was never able to return to Russia: Second World War cut her off from her homeland.

The most famous painting by Zinaida Serebryakova is the artist’s self-portrait “At the Toilet” (1909). For the first time, the public started talking about the author’s talent after the presentation of the work at the VII exhibition of the Union of Russian Artists (1910). Today, the self-portrait of the 25-year-old artist is kept in the Tretyakov Gallery. And the painting “At Breakfast” (1914), the heroes of which were Serebryakova’s children, is called one of the best children’s portraits in the history of painting.

Zinaida Serebryakova. "Behind the toilet." Self-portrait. 1909.

Berthe Morisot(1841-1895) - French artist who painted in the style of impressionism. She had great-niece the famous artist, master of the Rococo style, Jean Honore Fragonard, was married to Eugene Manet, the brother of his friend and colleague Edouard Manet. Bertha's facial features are well known to connoisseurs of impressionism, as Manet often painted her.

Morisot was born in Bourges, into a wealthy bourgeois family. She and her sister Edma Morisot became artists. The family, after Bertha decided on her choice of profession, did not interfere with her career. She studied painting from K. Corot, working with him in the open air.

In 1864, she exhibited her work for the first time at one of the most prestigious art exhibitions France - Paris Salon. Her work was selected for six consecutive Salons until, in 1874, she joined the group of “rejected” Impressionists created by Cézanne, Degas, Monet, Morisot, Pissaro, Renoir and Sisley, and took part in their first exhibition in the studio of the photographer Nadar .

Light, filled with light and a joyful feeling of life, B. Morisot’s painting creates alluring images that evoke a feeling of harmony and beauty in the soul. There are no social motives or outbursts of emotion in her paintings, but they forced us to look at ordinary and familiar events in a new way. Everyday life, they smelled of warmth, comfort and quiet family happiness. This direction of painting turned out to be in demand, Bertha’s paintings were readily bought, and they invariably aroused the interest of viewers at exhibitions. The artist had many followers around the world, especially among women painters.

Berthe Morisot. "Catching Butterflies" 1874.

Elena Polenova(1850 – 1898) – sister of the famous Russian painter Vasily Polenov. An artist who created a fairy-tale world on canvases.

Born in St. Petersburg, in the family of a historian. Interest in mythical subjects comes from childhood: little Lila, as her family called her, was always read by Russians folk tales. She and her brother learned to draw from famous artist and teacher, author of the method " broad view", Pavel Chistyakov. Since women were not allowed to enter the Academy of Arts at that time, the girl studied with Ivan Kramskoy at the St. Petersburg School of the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts.

Elena Polenova’s personal life never worked out. In contrast to creative life: Tretyakov himself acquired several works for the collection. Fairy tales pictures came to her in a dream. And she worked on canvases on the estate of the philanthropist Mamontov, Abramtsevo. Here, for example, the “Beast” was born - a monster that steals the soul from the kingdom of bright dreams.

In the last years of her life, the artist made many sketches of fantastic floral patterns for framing icons, embroidery, and ceramics. When drawing floral patterns, Polenova showed inexhaustible imagination, each time finding a new arrangement of flowers, a new rhythm, creating a stormy and dynamic flow of forms. Elena Polenova died on November 19, 1898 in Moscow, in the prime of her strength and talent, without realizing many plans. So, she had to design the Russian pavilion at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900...

Elena Polenova. "Ivan Tsarevich and the Firebird." 1896.

Leonardo di Ser Piero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was a famous Italian painter, architect, philosopher, musician, writer, explorer, mathematician, engineer, anatomist, inventor and geologist. Known for his paintings, the most famous of which are “ last supper" and "Mona Lisa", as well as numerous inventions that were far ahead of their time, but remained only on paper. In addition, Leonardo da Vinci made important contributions to the development of anatomy, astronomy and technology.

Raphael Santi (March 28, 1483 - April 6, 1520) - great Italian artist and an architect working in the Renaissance, covering the period from the end of the 15th to the early years of the 16th century. Traditionally, Raphael is considered one of three great masters of this period, along with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Many of his works are in Apostolic Palace in the Vatican, in a room called Raphael's Stanza. Among others, his most famous work, “The School of Athens,” is located here.

Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velazquez (June 6, 1599 – August 6, 1660) - spanish artist, portrait painter, court painter of King Philip IV, greatest representative of the Golden Age spanish painting. In addition to numerous paintings depicting historical and cultural scenes from the past, he painted many portraits of the Spanish royal family, as well as other famous European figures. Most famous work Velazquez is considered to be the painting "Las Meninas" (or "The Family of Philip IV") from 1656, located in the Prado Museum in Madrid.

Pablo Diego Jose Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Martir Patricio Ruiz y Picasso (October 25, 1881 - April 8, 1973) - world famous Spanish artist and sculptor, founder of the movement in fine art - cubism. Considered one of the greatest artists influenced the development of fine arts in the 20th century. Experts have recognized the best artist among those who have lived over the past 100 years, and also the most “expensive” in the world. During his life, Picasso created about 20 thousand works (according to other sources, 80 thousand).

Vincent Willem van Gogh (March 30, 1853 – July 29, 1890) was a famous Dutch artist who gained fame only after his death. According to many experts, Van Gogh is one of the greatest artists in history. European art, and also one of the most prominent representatives post-impressionism. Author of more than 2,100 works of art, including 870 paintings, 1 thousand drawings and 133 sketches. His numerous self-portraits, landscapes and portraits are among the most recognizable and expensive works of art in the world. Most famous work Vincent Van Gogh is perhaps considered to be a series of paintings called "Sunflowers".

Michelangelo Buonarroti (6 March 1475 - 18 February 1564) - world famous Italian sculptor, artist, architect, poet and thinker, who left an indelible imprint on the whole world culture. The artist's most famous work is perhaps the frescoes on the ceiling Sistine Chapel. Among his sculptures, the most famous are “Pieta” (“Lamentation of Christ”) and “David”. Among the works of architecture - the design of the dome of St. Peter's Basilica. Interestingly, Michelangelo became the first representative Western European art, whose biography was written during his lifetime.

In fourth place on the list of the most famous artists in the world is Masaccio (December 21, 1401-1428), a great Italian artist who had a huge influence on other masters. Masaccio lived a very short life, so there is little biographical evidence about him. Only four of his frescoes have survived, which are undoubtedly the work of Masaccio. Others are believed to have been destroyed. Masaccio's most famous work is considered to be the fresco of the Trinity in the Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy.

Peter Paul Rubens (28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish (South Dutch) painter, one of the greatest artists of the Baroque era, known for his extravagant style. He was considered the most versatile artist of his time. In his works, Rubens emphasized and embodied the vitality and sensuality of color. He painted numerous portraits, landscapes and historical paintings with mythological, religious and allegorical subjects. Rubens's most famous work is the triptych “The Descent from the Cross,” painted between 1610 and 1614 and which brought the artist worldwide fame.

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (September 29, 1571 - July 18, 1610) - great Italian artist of the early Baroque period, founder of European realistic art. painting XVII century. In his works, Caravaggio skillfully used contrasts of light and shadow, focusing on details. He often depicted ordinary Romans, people from the streets and markets in the images of saints and madonnas. Examples include “Matthew the Evangelist”, “Bacchus”, “The Conversion of Saul”, etc. One of the most famous paintings The artist is considered to be “The Lute Player” (1595), which Caravaggio called his most successful fragment of painting.

Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn (1606-1669) is a famous Dutch painter and engraver who is considered the greatest and most famous artist peace. Author of about 600 paintings, 300 etchings and 2 thousand drawings. Its characteristic feature is the masterful play with light effects and deep shadows. Rembrandt's most famous work is considered to be the four-meter painting " The night Watch", written in 1642 and now kept in State Museum Amsterdam.

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