The first professional artists of Chuvashia. Who are the best artists of Chuvashia? What Chuvash artists painted

December 2nd, 2010

G. Isaev: "The ten best artists of Chuvashia are..."
Isaev Georgy Gennadievich, chief curator of the Chuvash State Art Museum.
Interview to the site "Elite Ch" (http://www.ilemle.ru)

Tell us about yourself.

He began his studies at a school in the village of Oktyabrskoye, Mariinsko-Posad district, and continued his studies at the Kugessky secondary school. Graduated from the Faculty of Biology of Gorky State University.

He served in the air defense, and underwent training in training near Leningrad, near Lake Ladoga, where the “road of life” is. Then I was transferred to serve in the Moscow region, in the third defense belt.

As fate would have it, in 1990 I ended up in the museum. At first he worked as a museum employee, installing exhibitions. I have twenty years of experience in museum work.

Have a family. The wife received a printing education and works as a technical editor. My son studies at the university at the Faculty of History and Geography.

You are a famous photographer. Tell us about this hobby of yours.

I'm not an artist, but an amateur. But I have a long-standing interest in fine art. My father, Gennady Ilyich Isaev, is a professional artist. On November 15, 2007, he passed away.
Currently I am participating in the photographic project “Bridgehead” with the “Earth-Sky” series.

The first localization was at KhBK on November 5-6, I performed there with a banner measuring 4.5 x 3.15 meters.

The second location took place in Cheboksary on Konstantin Ivanov Street, ATS No. 42, where I exhibited both a banner and a series of photographs “Earth-Sky”. I turned to ancient Chuvash mythology, which says that the top, the sky, is masculine, and the bottom, the earth, is feminine. I tried to comment on the myth using a visual method. The photo series “Earth – Sky” is a self-portrait in form, and an attempt to interpret an ancient myth in a modern way in content.

You are engaged in the evaluation of works of art. Probably, subjectivity cannot be avoided here, but still: which of the artists of Chuvashia is in the top ten, who is in the second, third...?

On the Internet, on the website of the Union of Artists of Russia, a “rating of artists” is posted. It features ten thousand of the best artists in the world: Picasso, Modigliani and others. The ranking has seven categories. The highest is the first, the countdown starts from it.

The list includes seven artists from Chuvashia: Sverchkov Nikita Kuzmich, Spiridonov Moisey Spiridonovich, Ivan Vasilyevich Dmitriev, Nikolai Vasilyevich Ovchinnikov, Revel Fedorovich Fedorov, Petr Vasilyevich Pavlov, Petrov Vitaly Petrovich - Praski Vitti. They are all artists of the prestigious third level.

The best Chuvash masters, in my opinion, also include Alexey Afanasyevich Kokel, Ivan Trofimovich Grigoriev, Anatoly Ivanovich Mittov, Yuri Antonovich Zaitsev, the young master Georgy Fomiryakov, sculptors Yuri Ksenofontov, Fedor Madurov: they are closest to the “third level of the rating” and can present the art of Chuvashia at any exhibition.

The next “floor” consists of the authors of the permanent exhibition of the Chuvash State Art Museum. This is a large list of “level four rated” artists. Of course, Kiparisov Petr Gavrilovich, Grigoriev-Savushkin, Augusta Spiridonova, Aktsynov, Kharitonov, Karacharskov, Nemtsev, Semenov, Vladimirov... Naming these names, I can refer to the book “Unified Art Rating”, the author of the book, editor-in-chief and founder of the reference book is Sergei Volfovich Zagraevsky. The directory lists all the regulatory documents that determine the category of artistic work and the artist himself.

How is the permanent exhibition of the museum formed?

It is formed based on the general exhibition concept: the exhibition should include works by artists who are the face of Chuvash art. But, first of all, the main criterion for inclusion in the permanent exhibition is the quality of the work, the quality of the painting, the skill of the artist.

We tried to get away from regalia, titles - “honored”, “national”, etc. They were taken into account, but there are artists who are beyond the titles. For example, Ivan Vasilyevich Dmitriev: he has no regalia at all. But out of the entire Volga region, he occupies one of the very first places in the ranking of Russian-level artists. Dmitriev is represented in the Tretyakov Gallery, his works are in the gallery’s catalog “Painting of the first half of the twentieth century.” I don’t know of any other Chuvash painter who would be represented in the Tretyakov catalog. There is an annotation about him, illustrations of his works: “Portrait of a Mother”, “Self-Portrait”, “Country Interior”, “Zvenigorod Still Life”. By the way, in 2000 we brought the painting “Country Interior” from the Tretyakov Gallery, and it was exhibited at the Chechen State Art Museum. In total, we organized six exhibitions dedicated to the work of Ivan Vasilyevich Dmitriev: in 1992, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002.

The twentieth century is closed, and hardly anyone will break through. But the twenty-first century is open to all artists.

Which young artist are you most interested in?

- Fomiryakov is the best.

More than that - this is my purely subjective opinion, I would not name a single one. Young masters have no vector. No worldview. There is no sense at all of where or what to go to. Recovers, repetitions, remixes, compilations and so on.

Raphael has a famous painting “The School of Athens”: Plato points his finger up, he is a representative of abstract philosophy, Aristotle points down - he is a representative of natural philosophy, and somewhere on the edge Raphael places his self-portrait, one-on-one communicating with the viewer. That is: in order to say a new word in world art, it is first necessary to make a breakthrough in philosophy and worldview. Then you can talk about the details - style, form.

People usually chase style. And this is a dead thing. Representatives of the Baroque Rubens or Rembrandt, for example, do not fit into this style, which is broader than it. And representatives of the baroque style are already third- and fourth-rate artists who simply compile and repeat.

Our artists are looking for style. They choose sugary, kitsch. That's it - these artists will no longer advance art!..

Take Malevich or Kandinsky. First of all, they positioned their art through purely verbal speeches, verbal works - “On the Spiritual”, “On Suprematism”... Two completely different artists in temperament and worldview. In Kandinsky’s work there is the energetic tension of the Universe. Malevich has a “black square” in which there is no emotional vision.

First, the artist must determine his worldview, what he wants to say to humanity, and then look for a form and style for his art.

All mysteries lie in man himself. We often perceive reality according to the Dersu Uzala scheme - “there are eyes - look - no”, that is, we look and do not see.

I study philosophy, and I am interested, for example, in the fact that the moment of development, evolution in biology is always determined by male genes. This is a scientific fact: male genes are always turned to the search for something new, although they are leveled out faster. To put it simply, a woman preserves what men find. A woman’s mission is not to interrupt the thread of life. And a man’s mission is to search for novelty. As Picasso, a typically avant-garde man, said: “I don’t look, I find!”

There is a community of ethnofuturists in Chuvash art. But these people have nothing to do with ethnofuturism. In principle they don’t! They are conservatives from the core. They repeat what already existed in Chuvash art, use found forms, play with them, but there is nothing new! The breakthrough must be in philosophy and worldview. The same national ornament was a breakthrough in its time: a huge layer of ancient culture that our people preserved. But ornament is a worldview that characterizes that time. Turning to ornament is, of course, good, but it is not ethnofuturism. I don't really understand the term itself. “Ethno” – folk, clearly; “future, future” - the future. Ethnic future or the future of ethnic art - this can be translated. But there is nothing new. Worldview - no. My mind is empty. There are only re-covers and compilations.

In this regard, I am a pessimist.

What can you offer to those who would still like to master the second and first levels of the world ranking?

We have a philosophical school, we have books, we need to read them. But none of the artists reads them. Feizov, the smartest philosopher in Chuvashia, created his own philosophical school. Which of our artists is familiar with his work?

It is necessary to intensify exhibition activities, to attract paintings from the best museums in the world to display.

There are several institutions in the republic. National Museum, Art Museum...I won’t speak for the National Museum, but our museum cannot yet host world-class art exhibitions, like, for example, the Tatar Hermitage, which is located in the Kazan Kremlin.

There are certain service requirements for organizing such exhibitions: security, service, temperature and humidity conditions... If the criteria are met, then the best museums can take out their works for exhibiting. Holding such exhibitions as, for example, “Kubrat’s Gold”, “Golden Horde” is an indicator that important artistic events are taking place.

In the summer of 2010, we exhibited Zurab Tsereteli’s exhibition at the Chechen State Art Museum in the most difficult temperature conditions - it was extremely hot. There is little experience in showing large imported exhibitions.

The main process of intensifying artistic search takes place in workshops. But we are talking about reflecting the process: image, positioning of the city and the republic on an artistic level.

This is my point of view as a museum specialist, I am cutting off purely art historical aspects here: in order to claim to master world-class art, you must first of all have a basis on which to position such art.

Let's say you're making a copy of a Rembrandt work. You're doing great. But this is just a craft. Art cannot stop; it is a reflection of life, the development of humanity, and worldview. Many breakthrough artists, as a rule, owe their success to their acquaintance with philosophers, scientists, and friendship with them. Just sitting and drawing beautifully is not enough. Picasso has an early painting, “The Old Fisherman,” in the Hals style. If it hadn’t been written below that the author was Picasso, one would have passed by. Why is this happening? One has it written on his forehead that he is an avant-garde artist: he thinks this way, nature gave it to him. And the other - harmonizes the find, makes it more stylish, accessible to a person, like a woman looking after a house. A man creates a structure, and a woman brings comfort and an emotional element to it. Both work together, mutually. But breakthrough artists have the ability to master both the worldview, scientific, philosophical level, and the purely craft level of the artist. They can present new ideas in a way that is accessible to everyone.

But the development of the theory of art should be carried out by specialists in this field, and the artist simply must draw well, right?

Our art criticism as a science has already eaten its crumbs, and I don’t see anything new there. There will be a breakthrough in art criticism only when there is a breakthrough in philosophy. A breakthrough in understanding and comprehension of what the artist has done, a breakthrough in reflecting the world, is carried out on the basis of philosophy and worldview. And everything else is a simple exercise in beautiful painting, repeating what has already happened.

I’ll say a banal thing: talent is always news. Like fallen snow, a blossoming flower.

What determines the price of a work?

Price factors are a very interesting question.

Let me give you a small example: a man found five kopecks on the road that leads from Cheboksary to the village of Oktyabrskoye. A year is indicated on the copper coin. A passerby took the coin and took it to the numismatist. He looked and calculated: the coin was minted in the year when Alexander Pushkin visited Chuvashia. This means that the nickel has already increased slightly in price.

Then the numismatist clarified: the nickel, it turns out, lay on the former Yamskaya road, which in those days connected Cheboksary and Kazan, along which the great poet was traveling.

The price of the nickel jumped up a little again.

A thing may not be a masterpiece, but if it has a special context, this significantly increases interest in it.

There are many components of the value of a thing: art history, historical, title-numismatic, quality... Everything is taken into account.

A large exhibition “Golden Crown” was organized in Cheboksary - in accordance with the project awarded a grant from the President of Chuvashia. The cost of the project is two million rubles. The content of the project is the purchase of the best works of art.

Among the applicants were artists, including those working in decorative and applied arts, sculpture...

A selection of works for procurement was made.

At first, we wanted to make do with the decision of our expert commission, formed from specialists from Chuvashia. Then they got scared and decided to invite outside experts, from Moscow, from the Russian Ministry of Culture. Thus, we signed our own death sentence: we are afraid to make a decision. We don't trust our own opinions.

The experts were paid for travel, hotel accommodation, and other expenses from the grant of two million rubles, which significantly reduced the purchase amount.

But there was another point that explained why we did this then.

In a situation where one out of ten is chosen, the nine outsiders have a question: “Why did they choose him and not me?” There were indignant calls to the Ministry of Culture, complaints, and the case almost went to court.

Money is a sensitive issue; money always quarrels with us because of poverty.
They threw two million. Is it a lot or a little? It seems like a considerable amount. But in Naberezhnye Chelny, a million rubles are allocated per year for the purchase of kartings for city artists. But here for the entire republic there are only two million. And then only once for several years.

It’s clear that a squabble immediately began.

In order to avoid the reefs, they did just that, they decided: let venerable people from the outside make the choice. If you have any questions, please contact them.

I also participated in the work of the commission. When we put everything out and put the works on the floor, the first phrase that came from the Muscovites was: “And you have to choose from this? Horror!"

There was nothing to choose from.

What are the dynamics of the creative process in the Chuvash Republic?

In a conversation with Alexei Trofimov, an eminent academician, we agreed that the peak of Chuvash fine art occurred in the seventies and eighties of the twentieth century. There was a wave, but now it is receding.

At that time, a policy was pursued to train national personnel. They tried to push talented people into the Academy of Arts. And then we performed at exhibitions. Now there is a complete recession.

...And at that competition they bought something: a fish painted on a large canvas. She was swimming in an aquarium.

Known for their achievements or influence on the course of history.

The selection took into account ethnicity, place of birth, length of period of life and work in the territory that is now part of the Chuvash Republic. Thus, the list includes Chuvash who were not born on the territory of Chuvashia, and representatives of other nationalities whose place of birth and/or life is connected with Chuvashia.

Scientists

• I. N. Antipov-Karataev (1888-1965) - soil scientist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, laureate of the Dokuchaev and Dimitrov (Bulgaria) prizes.
• N. I. Ashmarin (1870-1933) - Turkologist, founder of Chuvash scientific linguistics, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, author of the multi-volume “Dictionary of the Chuvash Language”.
• Iakinf (Bichurin) (1777-1853) - orientalist and historiographer, one of the founders of sinology, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, full member of the Asian Society in Paris.
• A. A. Izotov (1907-1988) - scientist, laureate of the USSR State Prize, clarified the shapes and sizes of the globe, developed a number of theoretical problems of higher geodesy, theory and methods for studying the movements of the earth's crust.
• V.K. Magnitsky (1839-1901) - ethnographer, folklorist, supporter of public education in the Middle Volga region in the second half of the 19th century.
• N.V. Nikolsky (1878-1961) - historian, ethnographer, creator of a multi-volume collection of ethnographic, historical and folklore material, first editor of the first newspaper in the Chuvash language “Khypar”.
• V. V. Kozlov (11/29/1957) full member of the International Academy of Psychological Sciences, full member of the Russian Academy of Social Education, full member of the Baltic Pedagogical Academy Psychologist, full member of the International Academy of Human Factors, Honorary Professor of the International Humanitarian-Economic Institute (Belarus), Honorary Doctor of the International Institute of Practical Psychology (Latvia).
• A. N. Krylov (1863-1945) - shipbuilder, mechanic, mathematician, founder of the “ship theory”, author of the most important works on the theory of magnetic and gyroscopic compasses, artillery, astronomy, academician, Hero of Socialist Labor.
• S. N. Fedorov (1927-2000) - ophthalmologist, professor, winner of the international Oscar award, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, statesman and public figure, Hero of Socialist Labor.
• N. I. Lobachevsky (1792-1856) - mathematician, creator of non-Euclidean geometry, professor, rector of Kazan University.
• A. D. Pozdeev (1929-1998) - Doctor of Technical Sciences, academician, Honored Inventor of the Russian Federation and the Chuvash Republic, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation, founder of the scientific school of electric drives. Included in the hundred most outstanding scientists of the 20th century.

Architects

• P. E. Egorov (1731-1789) - architect, author of the famous fence of the Summer Garden in St. Petersburg, one of the founders of early Russian classicism in architecture.

Writers

• K. V. Ivanov (1890-1915) - classic of Chuvash literature, poet, translator, artist, author of the poem "Narspi".
• E. I. Patmar is a writer.
• M. K. Sespel (1899-1922) - Classic of Chuvash literature, reformer of versification, poet, prose writer, playwright, artist, public and statesman.
• I. S. Tuktash (1907-1957) - poet and translator, folklorist, author of the poetic text of the National Anthem of the Chuvash Republic.
• Y. G. Ukhsai (1911-1986) - people's poet of Chuvashia, laureate of the RSFSR M. Gorky Prize and the State Prize named after. K.V. Ivanova.
• P. P. Khuzangai (1907-1970) - people's poet of Chuvashia, laureate of the State Prize named after K.V. Ivanov and the Komsomol Prize of Chuvashia named after M. Sespel, public figure.
• G. N. Aigi (1934-2006) - Chuvash poet who wrote in the Chuvash and Russian languages ​​and made a huge contribution to the world propaganda of Chuvash poetry and Chuvash culture.

Artists

• E. I. Efremova (1914-2000) - artist of national embroidery, Honored Artist of the RSFSR, People's Artist of Chuvashia.
• A. A. Kokel (1880-1956) - artist and teacher who left a bright mark on the history of fine arts of Chuvashia and Russia. The first of the Chuvash artists to receive an academic education.
• A. I. Mittov (1932-1971) - an original Chuvash graphic artist and painter, an innovator who had a unique artistic vision.
• N.V. Ovchinnikov (1918-2004) - People's Artist of the RSFSR and Chuvashia.
• E. M. Yuryev (1936-2001) - People's Artist of Chuvashia, laureate of the State Prize of the Chuvash Republic, honorary citizen of the city of Cheboksary, author of the coat of arms and flag of the Chuvash Republic, coat of arms of the capital of Chuvashia.
• G. V. Kozlov (07/19/1962) - artist and teacher, director of the Chelyabinsk State Art Museum

Composers

• G. S. Lebedev (1913-1980) - composer, conductor-choirmaster, author of the music of the National Anthem of the Chuvash Republic, Honored Artist of the RSFSR.

Actors

• I. S. Maksimov-Koshkinsky (1893-1975) - founder of the Chuvash Drama Theater, creator of the first Chuvash films, actor and director, playwright, People's Artist of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Honored Artist of the RSFSR.
• N. V. Pavlova (1956) - ballerina, People's Artist of the USSR (1984) and the RSFSR, People's Artist of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, laureate of the State Prize of the RSFSR, II International Ballet Competition.
• N. D. Mordvinov (1901-1966) - Russian actor, wonderful master of cinema, People's Artist of the USSR (1949), three times laureate of the USSR State Prize, laureate of the Lenin Prize.
• B. A. Alekseev (1911-1973) - actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1969).

Singer

• M. D. Mikhailov (1893-1971) - opera singer, People's Artist of the USSR, twice laureate of the USSR State Prize.

Astronaut

• A. G. Nikolaev (1929-2004) - pilot-cosmonaut, the third person in the world to conquer space, major general of aviation, twice

The first professional artists of Chuvashia Teacher of culture of the native land Municipal Educational Institution “Chubaevskaya Secondary School” Nikiforova Lyudmila Fedorovna Petr Egorovich Egorov  “I was formerly a Chuvashe by birth, taken as a child by Mr. Major General of Artillery Prince Dadianov to Russia and by him baptized by the Orthodox faith of the Greek confession...” Education   In the prince’s house, Pyotr Egorov received versatile knowledge, was taught mathematics, drawing and the basics of architecture. In the winter of 1755, according to a letter of recommendation from E.L. Dadiani, he submits a petition addressed to Empress Elizabeth Petrovna with a request to admit him to the school at the Chancellery of Buildings in St. Petersburg. Having successfully passed all the tests, Pyotr Egorov becomes a first-class student of the “architectural team.” From this time on, his whole life will be connected with creative work to improve the northern capital. The diligence and hard work, curiosity and talent of the future architect were immediately noticed by the teachers of the Imperial Chancellery from buildings. From the first years of his studies, Peter Egorov was entrusted with responsible work: he participated in the filming of the general plan of Peterhof (1756), copied drawings of individual halls of the Winter Palace (1759). The pinnacle of creativity of the talented architect is rightfully considered a masterpiece of world culture - the fence of the Summer Garden (1770-1786). Back in the 19th century, the scientist D. Sokolov wrote that “the embankments of St. Petersburg and the lattice of the Summer Garden can be ranked among the wonders of the world.”    I want to go to the roses, to that only garden, Where the best in the world stands from the fences... Anna Akhmatova Iron, submitting to the influence of fire, Here it marvels with ease in the transparency of the fence, Behind which the garden of coolness hides and watches, This Poltava hand bred garden!   Peter Vyazemsky Almost 15 years of his life were devoted by the wonderful architect to this wonderful creation, which simply, elegantly and harmoniously combined granite, marble and metal. Marble Palace  In 1768, construction of the fabulously beautiful Marble Palace began. It is distinguished by its unique decoration: it is lined with marble and granite of various colors, hence its name. Its authors are the Italian architect A. Rinaldi and P. Egorov, who also supervised its construction. Monument to the architect Pyotr Egorovich Egorov Moses Spiridonovich Spiridonov  On August 24, 1890, a son, Moses, was born into a peasant family in the village of Yanshikhovo-Norvashi, Tsivilsky district. At the age of 9 the boy went to the village school. And in 1903, having graduated from it, together with his cousin Nikita Sverchkov (also a future artist), he tried to enter the city school, and then in 1905 - to the teacher’s seminary, but each time was unsuccessful. K. A. Baratynskaya-Alekseeva, the granddaughter of the poet Baratynsky, who opened a preparatory school for peasant children on her estate Shushary, near Kazan, helped fill in the missing knowledge. At this school, Moses received sufficient knowledge not only of the Russian language, but also the necessary skills in fine arts. And in 1906, Moses entered the Kazan Art School. Having successfully completed it, he continued his education at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. Professional activity  And since 1918, the whole life of one of the first professional artists of Chuvashia was devoted to the formation and development of the fine arts of his native land. During the most difficult years of famine and devastation, Moisei Spiridonovich worked both as an artist and as a public figure. He began by leading the isolation section at the public education department of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in 1920. For the first time in the history of Chuvashia, the workers of the section not only designed scenes, painted posters, panels, made signs and drawings, but also tried in every possible way to organize the teaching of drawing in schools and the education of talented children. And when the Union of Artists was created in Chuvashia, M. S. Spiridonov led it for more than two decades. He trained many masters of the brush during his years of work at the art school. And besides this, Moses Spiridonovich spent almost his entire life collecting samples and sketching elements of Chuvash folk culture - embroidery, wood carving, ancient utensils, etc. He prepared a unique album “Chuvash Ornament”. But M. S. Spiridonov is especially famous as an artist. Many of his works: “In the Reading Hut”, “Bubble Man”, “Schoolgirl”, “Bride” and others were included in the treasury of Chuvash professional fine art. M. S. Spiridonov is an Honored Artist of the RSFSR and the Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, a People's Artist of the Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and has been awarded orders and medals. His name is included in the Honorary Book of Labor Glory and Heroism of the Czech Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On March 31, 1981, Moisei Spiridonovich passed away. Creativity  Starting his journey in creativity, M.S. Spiridonov consciously devoted himself to serving his homeland. In his works, at all stages of creative life, there are entirely the Chuvash people, their way of life, customs, everything that makes up their national image, culture, something stable that allowed them to preserve themselves as a people for thousands of years. Works of the artist Yuri Zaitsev    Yuri Antonovich Zaitsev (1884-1972) is one of the most talented Chuvash artists. He was born and raised in the village of Irekh-Sirmy, Marposad district of the Chuvash Republic. He was 14 years old when he began working for an icon painter. In 1912 he went to Moscow and worked as an assistant to many Russian artists. Then he served in the army, and in 1920 he became the head of a club in one of the Red Army units. He became interested in photography and participated in many all-Union and international exhibitions with his works. Yu. A. Zaitsev has been a member of the Union of Artists since 1934. 2 years after that, he went on a creative trip to Kazakhstan with Chuvash writers. Here he creates a wonderful series of pictures “Pribalkhashstroy”. In 1968, Yu. A. Zaitsev was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the Chuvash Republic. The artist's main works are "Cheboksary", "Collective farm girl Liza with her friend", "Collective farm girls", "Sisters", "Border crossing", "Hop", "Above Civil", "Songs of Chuvashia", "The Volga River Flows", " Akatui", "Girl in Khushpu" and others. Works of the artist Nikita Kuzmich Sverchkov  Sverchkov Nikita Kuzmich was born on February 9, 1891 into a peasant family in the village of Yanshikhovo-Norvashi, Yantikovsky district, Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Member of the Union of Artists of the USSR. Participant in the Civil War. From 1912 to 1917 he studied at the Higher Art School at the Academy of Arts in Petrograd, and in 1934 he graduated from the Omsk Institute of Railway Engineers. The artist's work  A multi-talented artist, N. K. Sverchkov created many portraits, landscapes, and graphic works. He was a participant in a number of republican, zonal, all-Russian and all-Union exhibitions. Many of his works were included in the treasury of Chuvash fine art. In 1980, Nikita Kuzmich donated 566 of his paintings and graphics to the art gallery of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Test yourself        1. The first professional artist - architect - is... A. Moses Spiridonov B. Petr Egorov V. Nikita Sverchkov 2. The most famous work of this architect... A. Fence of the Summer Garden in St. Petersburg B. Kremlin V. Mausoleum 3. Bring into correspondence:  A. Moses Spiridonov 1. “Chuvash mothers”, “Death of Takhtaman” B. Yuri Zaitsev 2. “Ancient Chuvash wedding”, “Pushkin in a Chuvash village” V. Nikita Sverchkov 3. "Bubble Man", "Bride"

The first professional artists of Chuvashia

• Culture teacher of the native region, Municipal Educational Institution "Chubaevskaya Secondary School"

• Nikiforova Lyudmila Fedorovna

Petr Egorovich Egorov

• “I was formerly a Chuvashe by birth, taken as a child by Mr. Artillery Major General Prince Dadianov to Russia and by him baptized in the Orthodox faith of the Greek confession...”

Education

In the prince's house, Pyotr Egorov received versatile knowledge, was taught mathematics, drawing and the basics of architecture. In the winter of 1755, according to a letter of recommendation from E.L. Dadiani, he submits a petition addressed to Empress Elizabeth Petrovna with a request to admit him to the school at the Chancellery of Buildings in St. Petersburg. Having successfully passed all the tests, Pyotr Egorov becomes a first-class student of the “architectural team.” From this time on, his whole life will be connected with creative work to improve the northern capital.

• The diligence and hard work, curiosity and talent of the future architect were immediately noticed by the teachers of the Imperial Chancellery from buildings. From the first years of his studies, Peter Egorov was entrusted with responsible work: he participated in the filming of the general plan of Peterhof (1756), copied drawings of individual halls of the Winter Palace (1759).

The pinnacle of creativity of the talented architect is rightfully considered a masterpiece of world culture - the fence of the Summer Garden (1770-1786). Back in the 19th century, the scientist D. Sokolov wrote that “the embankments of St. Petersburg and the lattice of the Summer Garden can be ranked among the wonders of the world.”

• I want to go to the roses, to that one and only garden, Where the best fence in the world stands...

• Anna Akhmatova

• Iron, submitting to the influence of fire, Here marvels with ease in the transparency of the fence, Behind which the garden of coolness hides and looks, This Poltava hand planted the garden!

• Peter Vyazemsky

The remarkable architect devoted almost 15 years of his life to this wonderful creation, which simply, elegantly and harmoniously combined granite, marble and metal.

Marble Palace

• In 1768, construction began on the fabulously beautiful ^ Marble Palace . It is distinguished by its unique decoration: it is lined with marble and granite of various colors, hence its name. Its authors are the Italian architect A. Rinaldi and P. Egorov, who also supervised its construction.

Monument to the architect Pyotr Egorovich Egorov

Moses Spiridonovich Spiridonov

On August 24, 1890, a son, Moses, was born into a peasant family in the village of Yanshihovo-Norvashi, Tsivilsky district. At the age of 9 the boy went to the village school. And in 1903, having graduated from it, together with his cousin Nikita Sverchkov (also a future artist), he tried to enter the city school, and then in 1905 - to the teacher’s seminary, but each time was unsuccessful. K. A. Baratynskaya-Alekseeva, the granddaughter of the poet Baratynsky, who opened a preparatory school for peasant children on her estate Shushary, near Kazan, helped fill in the missing knowledge. At this school, Moses received sufficient knowledge not only of the Russian language, but also the necessary skills in fine arts. And in 1906, Moses entered the Kazan Art School. Having successfully completed it, he continued his education at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg.

^ Professional activity

And since 1918, the entire life of one of the first professional artists of Chuvashia was devoted to the formation and development of fine art of his native land. During the most difficult years of famine and devastation, Moisei Spiridonovich worked both as an artist and as a public figure. He began by leading the isolation section at the public education department of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in 1920. For the first time in the history of Chuvashia, the workers of the section not only designed scenes, painted posters, panels, made signs and drawings, but also tried in every possible way to organize the teaching of drawing in schools and the education of talented children. And when the Union of Artists was created in Chuvashia, M. S. Spiridonov led it for more than two decades. He trained many masters of the brush during his years of work at the art school. And besides this, Moses Spiridonovich spent almost his entire life collecting samples and sketching elements of Chuvash folk culture - embroidery, wood carving, ancient utensils, etc. He prepared a unique album “Chuvash Ornament”. But M. S. Spiridonov is especially famous as an artist. Many of his works: “In the Reading Hut”, “Bubble Man”, “Schoolgirl”, “Bride” and others were included in the treasury of Chuvash professional fine art. M. S. Spiridonov is an Honored Artist of the RSFSR and the Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, a People's Artist of the Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and has been awarded orders and medals. His name is included in the Honorary Book of Labor Glory and Heroism of the Czech Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On March 31, 1981, Moisei Spiridonovich passed away.

Creation

• Starting his career in creativity, M.S. Spiridonov consciously devoted himself to serving his homeland. In his works, at all stages of creative life, there are entirely the Chuvash people, their way of life, customs, everything that makes up their national image, culture, something stable that allowed them to preserve themselves as a people for thousands of years.

Artist's works

Yuri Zaitsev

Yuri Antonovich Zaitsev (1884-1972) is one of the most talented Chuvash artists. He was born and raised in the village of Irekh-Sirmy, Marposad district of the Chuvash Republic. He was 14 years old when he began working for an icon painter. In 1912 he went to Moscow and worked as an assistant to many Russian artists. Then he served in the army, and in 1920 he became the head of a club in one of the Red Army units. He became interested in photography and participated in many all-Union and international exhibitions with his works.

• Yu. A. Zaitsev has been a member of the Union of Artists since 1934. 2 years after that, he went on a creative trip to Kazakhstan with Chuvash writers. Here he creates a wonderful series of pictures “Pribalkhashstroy”.

• In 1968, Yu. A. Zaitsev was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the Chuvash Republic. The artist's main works are "Cheboksary", "Collective farm girl Liza with her friend", "Collective farm girls", "Sisters", "Border crossing", "Hop", "Above Civil", "Songs of Chuvashia", "The Volga River Flows", " Akatui", "Girl in Khushpu" and others.

Artist's works

Nikita Kuzmich Sverchkov

Nikita Kuzmich Sverchkov was born on February 9, 1891 into a peasant family in the village of Yanshikhovo - Norvashi, Yantikovsky district, Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Member of the Union of Artists of the USSR. Participant in the Civil War. From 1912 to 1917 he studied at the Higher Art School at the Academy of Arts in Petrograd, and in 1934 he graduated from the Omsk Institute of Railway Engineers.

^ Artist's creativity

A multi-talented artist, N.K. Sverchkov created many portraits, landscapes, and graphic works. He was a participant in a number of republican, zonal, all-Russian and all-Union exhibitions. Many of his works were included in the treasury of Chuvash fine art. In 1980, Nikita Kuzmich donated 566 of his paintings and graphics to the art gallery of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Ch?your en?ner?isem=Artists of Chuvashia: biographies: purn?? ?st? : [album-reference. / Sergey Zhuravlev; Z. M. Yuryeva ed.]. - Shupashkar: Chuvashia, 2007. - 94, p. : ill., color. ill., portrait; 30 cm. The book by photojournalist Sergei Vitalievich Zhuravlev is a “journey” into the magical world of fine arts - painting, graphics, sculpture, art glass and ceramics. The author has found an interesting form of presenting the material: laconic texts in the Chuvash and Russian languages ​​with bright moments of his creative biography are accompanied by a series of images - reproductions of the master’s works and his self-portrait. The publication includes biographies of 21 artists. In condensed articles, the author tries to give the most amazing and previously unknown facts from the lives of artists that influenced their further work. The book contains a dictionary of terms and an index of names. The publication uses reproductions of paintings from the funds of the Chuvash State Art Museum, private collections and artists' workshops.