Analysis of the work chapter 15 by Dubrovsky. Strange novel by Dubrovsky

Pushkin’s novel “Dubrovsky” (1833) was written on the basis of a creative reworking of history with “Pskov legends about the revolt of the peasants of the landowner Dubrovsky in 1773,” that is, the action should have taken place against the background historical events, which covered all of Russia and became largely decisive for it in the 70s of the 18th century. However, Pushkin creates romantic image young Vladimir Dubrovsky, and the action of the novel itself is taken out of the era, artistic research to which "The Captain's Daughter" will be dedicated.

At the same time, Pushkin’s “Dubrovsky” cannot be considered a romantic work rather, it's realistic novel with elements of romanticism (images of Vladimir Dubrovsky and Maria Troekurova), a synthesis of realistic and romantic principles in a work that can be called action-packed: dramatic fate Dubrovsky the father, role " noble robber", which his son is forced to choose, the story with the imaginary French teacher, the tragic outcome of the heroes' love allow us to talk about this. And the main conflict of the work is of a purely realistic nature, it is determined by the environment in which the heroes act, by the place that each of them occupies V social structure society.

The basis of the novel’s system of images is the confrontation between gross arbitrariness towards a person (the image of Troekurov) and self-esteem, which does not allow a person to turn into a “servant” (Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky and his son).

Kirila Petrovich Troekurov is called by the author “an old Russian gentleman,” and this description is fully confirmed by the description of how he “rules” on his estate. Here we see a version of the “wild lordship” (“Village”), and the most terrible thing for those around him is that “Kirila Petrovich showed all the vices of an uneducated person. Spoiled by everything that surrounded him, he was accustomed to giving full rein to all the impulses of his ardent disposition and all the ideas of a rather limited mind." Troekurov's "fun" amazes with its senseless cruelty, from which not only his serfs, but also his guests suffer - what is one joke with a bear worth... Pushkin shows that such behavior of the master has a corrupting effect on some of his "slaves", who become something like his doubles, believing that the position of “Troekurov’s serf” gives them grounds for neglect to those who are not awarded such an “honor”. In fact, the conflict between Troekurov and Dubrovsky was provoked by the behavior of the “hunger Paramoshka”, who publicly insulted the nobleman, for which he, as expected decent person, demanded “satisfaction.” This is where Troekurov’s completely unbridled nature manifested itself: realizing that he was wrong, he still stubbornly stood his ground, not wanting to take into account the fact that his “old friend” was “poor and independent”... True, when Andrei Gavrilovich felt completely “poor”; his conscience awakens in him: “Kirila Petrovich was embarrassed. By nature he was not selfish, the desire for revenge led him too far, his conscience grumbled.” About the truly deep emotional experiences The hero is told by a significant detail: Troyekurov went to Kistenevka, “ruling himself,” as if left alone on this trip with his conscience. However, his arrival became an unbearable experience for Dubrovsky, which killed him, while Troekurov, offended by the fair, albeit angry, words of his old friend, “smiled with contempt, looked menacingly at the servants and walked away from the yard.”

After the death of old man Dubrovsky, Troekurov could probably atone for his guilt before him by renouncing the fraudulently obtained rights to Kistenevka (“ self-explanatory name"villages - from the word "kisten", meaning the weapon of robbers...), he does not do this, thereby pushing young Dubrovsky on the path of revenge, although, of course, a vital role here belongs to peasants who do not want to submit to the “new owner”. With the help of detail, Pushkin shows the humanity of the blacksmith Arkhip, who does not spare his clerks, but saves the cat - “God’s creature is dying”...

Troekurov’s tyranny is manifested not only in his attitude towards people subservient to him, he does not even consider his only daughter to be a person, he decides her fate by marrying her to someone who is almost old enough to be her grandfather (“The prince was about fifty years old, but he seemed much older ") prince against her will. Here the author does not hide his sharply negative attitude towards such arbitrariness; the author’s position in this case is expressed quite directly: the father does not have the right to ruin his daughter’s life, guided only by personal, petty and selfish considerations. May with high degree I am confident to say that the image of Troekurov in the novel “Dubrovsky” is a negative image, in it Pushkin shows how uncontrolled power disfigures the soul of a not entirely bad person.

The image of Vladimir Dubrovsky is interestingly written. At the beginning of the novel, he appears as a young man leading a lifestyle quite appropriate to his position, who is completely satisfied with himself and what is happening. A sudden letter from home, the illness and death of his father, the realization that “it’s all over” force him to express his best qualities: courage, sense of honor, willingness to be worthy son my father. It is noteworthy that the thought of revenge (“terrible thoughts were born in his mind”) comes to him when he looks at the portrait of his mother, which cannot be desecrated, and these thoughts turn out to be in tune with the thoughts and feelings of his serfs, which ends in a fire, destroying Kistenevka and its new “masters”.

The “noble robber” Dubrovsky, who, as everyone expected, was supposed to deal with his enemy, turned out to be a man unable to bring grief... to the father of the girl he loved. In relation to Marya Gavrilovna, Vladimir Dubrovsky’s chivalrous character, his nobility, ability to be generous and truly devoted to those who are dear to him are revealed. And it is not his fault that fate decreed that he could not be happy with his loved one. In showing the poetic feeling of lovers great importance have pictures of nature, against the background of which the decisive explanation of the heroes and subsequent important events for them take place.

The image of Marya Kirilovna Troekurova is extremely attractive, occupying a significant place in the gallery of works created by Pushkin female images. She is distinguished by her ability to overcome “aristocratic prejudices” and see in the teacher, who was initially perceived to her as “a kind of servant or artisan” and “did not seem like a man to her,” “bravery and proud pride... and from then on she began to show respect to the young teacher, which became more attentive hour by hour." Not every girl in her position would agree to the meeting proposed by the teacher, even if we take into account the fact that by this moment she had already “been expecting recognition for a long time, wanting and fearing it.” Not every girl will be able to “hand over her destiny” to the one who made such a “confession” to her, to be true to her feelings when a “robber” appears before her in the form of a loved one... Finally, you need to be for real strong man to tell your beloved: “Then, then there’s nothing to do, come for me - I’ll be your wife,” understanding what such words mean for the lives of both heroes, and after the wedding, when it turns out that it’s too late to change anything, “with firmness" "object": "I agreed, I swore an oath..., Prince, my husband, order him to be released and leave me with him. I did not deceive. I waited for you until last minute... But now, I tell you, it’s too late now.” The similarity between the images of Marya Kirilovna and Tatyana, Pushkin’s beloved heroine, who both turned out to be faithful to the word they gave to God, is obvious...

Pushkin's novel "Dubrovsky", the analysis of which we carried out, remained unfinished, but it cannot be considered unfinished. Storylines works, images-characters, their characteristics, moral pathos, moral and aesthetic position of the author - all these aspects of the work turn out to be developed and appear in a fairly complete form. We can say that the novel “Dubrovsky” occupies its own special place in Pushkin’s prose heritage; in it we first encounter a detailed socio-psychological description of the image-character (Troekurov), it shows the evolution of the romantic worldview towards a real assessment of reality (Marya Kirilovna ), it created an interesting image for its psychologism and ambiguity of a seemingly negative hero (Prince Vereisky); finally, it created an attractive image of a man of honor, forced to defend it by all means available to him and without losing his human dignity (Vladimir Dubrovsky).

The main idea of the work is the protection of human dignity. Due to a personal insult, enmity breaks out between the Troyekurov and Dubrovsky families. Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky cannot stand the unequal struggle for noble honor. He goes crazy and then dies. Then his son Vladimir begins to fight for the family property. He does not intend to give up his family nest to the enemy and prefers to burn the house in which he was born.

Even having set foot on the path of a robber, young Dubrovsky remains a man of honor. He is merciful and just, and does not oppress the poor. A lesson in observance of duty is also taught to us by Masha Troekurova, who refuses to quit unloved husband, remaining faithful to the oath before the altar.

In the novel, Pushkin raises a very important issue of family lawlessness. Masha, like many girls of that time, could not fully control her destiny. The tyrannical father decided everything for her, not paying attention to his daughter’s desperate pleas and tears. Prince Vereisky saw in his bride only a rich and beautiful girl.

The romantic plot of the work, as often happens in Pushkin, is only an outer shell under which the content is hidden. In such novels, evil must traditionally be punished, and good must certainly triumph. But in Dubrovsky, good always loses. The insulted honor of the Dubrovskys remained unavenged, Kistenevka went to Troyekurov, Masha married the prince, Vladimir was forced to flee abroad.

"Dubrovsky" is a social novel. His main idea: laws in Russia mean nothing compared to wealth and connections. Everyone, except Dubrovsky, grovels before Troekurov and forgives him any humiliation. Even government officials are at the landlord’s beck and call. To noble people there is no place in such a society.

The novel also touches on the theme of popular rebellion. But the peasants of Kistenevka rise against Troekurov’s power not for the sake of justice or patriarchal attachment to “their” master. “If they get strangers, he will not only tear off the skin, but also the meat,” the coachman Anton expresses the reason for his dissatisfaction. The peasants are concerned about their own well-being, so their rebellion is not yet complete ideological content. This is not a protest against serfdom, but an attempt to protect oneself from a despot.

Life is depicted vividly and in detail in the novel landed nobility. Troekurov and Dubrovsky represent two different types this class. Kirila Petrovich is a large landowner who keeps the entire neighborhood in fear. He feels like a master not only over his serfs, but also over his neighbors. Troekurov despises any person lower on the social ladder. He's pushing around provincial officials, as if by his servants, pinned two teachers to death. Kirila Petrovich likes to have a lot of people in the house. But the guests serve him more for amusement. Troekurov takes pleasure in humiliating them, making rude and even cruel jokes.

Troekurov's opponent, Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, is an honest, decisive and noble nobleman, but sometimes he is quick-tempered, envious, and stubborn. Like Troekurov, he is prone to arbitrariness and prefers lynching, and treats the law with disdain. Dubrovsky the elder demands that the huntsman Paramoshka be handed over for punishment, and he himself deals with the Troekurov men who stole the forest from him. Pushkin clearly shows in the novel that even the best representatives of the nobility put their lordly self-will above morality and law.

The conflict of the older generation destroys the destinies of children. Vladimir Dubrovsky turns from a brilliant officer into a homeless outcast. Pushkin presents us with his hero in different roles: loving son who sincerely worries about the death of his father, a desperate avenger, a brave and cold-blooded French tutor, an ataman of dashing robbers, an ardent lover.

Love for Masha in Dubrovsky’s noble heart overcomes the feeling of revenge. He forgives Troekurov, because the house where his daughter lives becomes sacred. Involuntary crimes weigh on the soul and conscience young man, and all attempts to become noble and honest end in failure.

Love only increases Vladimir's suffering. He understands perfectly well that being the wife of a murderer and robber is a cruel choice. Therefore, Dubrovsky does not invite Masha to run away with him. He is ready to give her freedom from her despot father and hated fiancé when there is no other choice. Vladimir dreams of family happiness with his beloved, but can sacrifice him for the sake of the girl’s peace of mind. He accepts Masha's choice without objection.

Does Masha love Dubrovsky? The young girl rather sees him as a brave hero. She is attracted by the aura of mystery and romance, surrounding name the young robber is flattered by his enthusiastic worship. But is this love? Pushkin’s heroine herself answers the question: “it’s better to die, it’s better to go to a monastery, it’s better to marry Dubrovsky.”

The main advantage of Pushkin's prose is that books written in simple and accessible language, force, first of all, to think. The range of the writer’s creativity is so wide that every person will be able to find answers to questions in Pushkin’s works. exciting questions modernity.

In the period from October 1832 to February 1833, Pushkin worked on a new novel, which he wrote amazingly quickly, in pencil. But, having finished it, he does not publish it in print. Apparently, there were reasons for this. "Dubrovsky" was published in 1841.

The writer’s sincere friend, P.V. Nashchokin, “gave” Pushkin the “story” of the nobleman Ostrovsky, which became Starting point in writing of this work. One of the heroes (Vladimir Dubrovsky) originally bore this surname. But then Alexander Sergeevich changed his mind. The characters old man Dubrovsky and Troekurov had their prototypes in real life: landowners lived in Nizhny Novgorod province. Kistenevka was located not far from Boldin, which the poet inherited from his father. Landscape sketches, the customs of serf life bear the imprint of the writer’s Pskov and Mikhailovsky impressions.

How did Pushkin want to complete Dubrovsky? The concept of the novel changed. Initially main character marries Masha. When she fell ill, Vladimir takes his wife to Moscow and disbands the “gang”. But the author was not satisfied with this ending.

Genre, direction

In terms of genre, on the one hand, “Dubrovsky” is a social and everyday novel. On the other side, big picture Russian life of the 30s of the 19th century, presented in the work, gives the right to talk about a historical novel.

Pushkin's skill was especially clearly demonstrated in the creation of typical characters. Realistic image Dubrovsky is endowed with the features of romanticism.

The plot literally captivates the reader, as it includes elements of the “adventurous” genre.

The essence

The main events in the novel take place in the village. Kirila Petrovich Troekurov and Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky are noblemen, peers, who were once comrades in the service. Having given your military duty Homeland, retired and settled on their estates. They were widowed early. There was complete agreement between the landowners.

One day old man Dubrovsky said out loud that Troekurov’s serfs lived worse than dogs. Serf Paramoshka allowed himself an unseemly hint towards Andrei Gavrilovich, who, without saying anything in response, “turned pale” and disappeared unnoticed.

Kirila Petrovich used his numerous opportunities to bring back his “rebellious friend.” However, Andrei Gavrilovich demanded that the huntsman Paramoshka be sent to him to confess. This demand infuriated the wealthy landowner. This case sowed enmity between former comrades.

With the help of deception, assessor Shabashkin puts through the court a decision to “return” Kistenevka to her “real” owner. Kirila Petrovich understands that this is too much, experiences pangs of conscience and tries to make peace with Andrei Gavrilovich. But the attempt ends in failure: old Dubrovsky dies.

Deprived of his estate, Dubrovsky's son, Vladimir, becomes a robber. He wants to take revenge on Troekurov. The case provides Vladimir with the opportunity to appear in the Troekurov family under the name of Deforge as a French teacher. Having met Masha, the daughter of his enemy, he abandons his idea.

Subsequently, Vladimir confesses his feelings to Marya Kirilovna, and it is revealed that he is Dubrovsky’s son. She promises her support if Masha finds herself in a difficult situation.

The rich man Vereisky wooes Masha.

But for her it is better to marry the robber Dubrovsky than to become the wife of an unloved man. She asks a friend for help. Vladimir hurries to free Marya Kirilovna, but it’s too late: the wedding ceremony has taken place. Masha is forced to stay with her legal husband. Dubrovsky, having dismissed his “robbers”, goes abroad. That's what the book is about.

The main characters and their characteristics

Kirila Petrovich Troekurov belonged to a noble noble family. He rose to the rank of general-in-chief. After retiring, he settled in the village of Pokrovskoye. Physically he was unusually strong. He had the vices of an uneducated person. His ardent disposition did not allow him to lead a measured life. Every evening I was tipsy. He was distinguished by his hospitality. His house was never empty, but gathered people of the highest rank. Regardless of persons and positions, Troekurov behaved arrogantly. No one had the right not to show up at the appointed time, much less refuse the invitation. His name alone made those around him tremble. He treated peasants and servants capriciously. In a fit of anger, he beat two teachers to death. Favorite hobby– hunting. Troekurov’s pride was his kennel, where more than five hundred hounds and greyhounds “lived in contentment and warmth.” Kirila Petrovich was not selfish. Human feelings were still preserved in his soul and sometimes broke out. When the court decided to transfer Kistenevka to his full possession, his heart did not rejoice. He sympathized with his former comrade, deciding to make peace. Unfortunately, this impulse of the soul led to a tragic outcome. This is Troekurov’s characterization.
Andrey Gavrilovich Dubrovsky- an impoverished nobleman, in whose possession was the village of Kistenevka with seventy serf souls. By nature, the person is direct, impatient, proud and decisive. Had own opinion, was not afraid to express it directly. Being poor, he refused the patronage of a rich friend, maintaining his independence. Having been widowed early, he adored his son. Caring about his future, he spared nothing for his decent maintenance. I saw my son as my support in my old age. An experienced hunter, “a subtle connoisseur of canine virtues.” Kirila Petrovich never went hunting without him.
Vladimir Dubrovsky fate was not at all kind to me. He did not know maternal care and affection: his mother died early. The father gave the seven-year-old boy to be raised in St. Petersburg cadet corps, after which Vladimir served in the guard. The young man did not care at all about his future, knowing that he would always find a rich bride. He allowed himself various whims, without denying himself anything. Having received a letter from Yegorovna, he decided to go to his father, whom he loved very much, and, if necessary, resign. Vladimir Andreevich had a sensitive and responsive heart. He treated his servants with respect and gratitude. In Kistenevka they loved him, and the servants joyfully greeted their young master. Being honest and fair, he did not take any measures to ensure that the estate remained with him, as he believed in a fair decision of the court. Having been forced to become a robber, he was famous for his generosity, intelligence and courage. He did not rob the estates of his “offender,” which surprised those around him. When he first meets Masha, Vladimir experiences embarrassment and trepidation. His changed voice suggests that the girl made an indelible impression on him. Love for Masha helps him give up revenge on his father’s former comrade. From now on, all people connected by fate with Marya Kirilovna become inviolable for the hero. Hatred gives way to forgiveness. In Troekurov’s house, everyone considers him one of their people. Courage, courage, determination, resourcefulness - important qualities his character, fully manifested in a clash with a bear, which was shot by the faithful hand of the “Frenchman”. A sincere man, Deforge “reveals” his real name to Masha. He doesn’t want even a drop of lies to creep into their relationship, such is Dubrovsky’s straightforward character. At the same time, he realizes that Masha can only be with him under the most difficult life circumstances for her. She is her father's daughter, and lives by the laws noble society, and Vladimir violated these laws.
Seventeen-year-old Masha- daughter of Troekurov, who sincerely loves her, but does not always take into account her desires. There is no trust between them. Masha never shared her innermost feelings with her father. Just like Vladimir Dubrovsky, she did not know maternal tenderness and grew up completely alone. Her entire education consisted of reading novels French authors. Good command French, acted as a translator for her father. At the same time, she always delicately softened rough turns of speech. A talented girl, Masha had beautiful musical abilities. Marya Kirilovna, having read French books, dreamed of romantic love, the hero of her novel should be a brave man, a representative of the aristocratic environment. She did not react in any way to the appearance of Deforge, Sasha’s teacher, in the house. When the Frenchman, without being confused, dealt with the bear, the heroine was forced to recognize him brave heart and proud pride. Having fallen in love with the “young robber,” Marya Kirilovna turns to his help when her father agrees to Prince Vereisky’s proposal to marry his daughter. When Dubrovsky “gives her freedom,” she refuses to accept it, explaining that she honors the wedding ceremony and cannot go against it. True to her oath before God, Masha remains with her unloved husband.
The image of Pushkin. The novel is narrated from the perspective of the author, who describes the events in chronological order in simple, accessible language. His attitude to the events taking place is manifested in the descriptions of the actions of the heroes, the psychological characteristics given to the characters. Thus, the excitement of Kir Troekurov’s thoughts for the fate of his old neighbor was reflected in his “whistle” of the opening line from G. R. Derzhavin’s poem “Roll the Thunder of Victory.” It is no coincidence that Pushkin took a verse from G. R. Derzhavin’s ode “On the Death of Prince Meshchersky” as the epigraph to Chapter IV of the first volume. These lines predetermine tragic events, which will be discussed. Pushkin seems to warn: time is fleeting. Grief came to the hospitable and bright house of the Dubrovskys: the owner was gone.
Scenery the author does not “live” separately by itself. He is the means psychological characteristics characters and a means of expressing the thoughts and feelings of the author. When old Dubrovsky was buried, “the day was clear and cold.” " Autumn leaves fell from the trees,” symbolizing the end of the life of the bright one, honest man. Experiencing the death of his father, Vladimir goes into the grove to be alone with nature and enjoy the peace that reigns in it. He contemplates for a long time “the quiet flow of a stream carrying away a few faded leaves.” Pushkin creates a vivid metaphor: life on Earth does not stop, and mere mortals who have outlived their days leave it.

If we talk about Pushkin’s attitude towards Vladimir Dubrovsky, he does not idealize his hero, does not admire his “heroic” deeds, and does not praise his best character traits. He most likely sympathizes with the young man, to whom circumstances did not allow him to fully reveal himself, but, on the contrary, made his life worthless, useless to anyone, and forced him to leave his homeland. Author's position– sympathy.

Topics and issues

The themes and problems raised in the novel have not lost their social significance and today.

Main theme - social contradictions the life of the nobility, a reflection of the morals and customs of a certain era.
The theme of the people is manifested in a special way. Pushkin knew his life well, which was closely intertwined with faith in miracles and omens. When Vladimir came across the priest with all his mischief, the young man involuntarily disappeared behind a tree, because folk signs this omen brings only misfortunes.
Social conflict between masters and slaves. Cordiality, kindness, devotion to their owners are traits that have been characteristic of Russians from time immemorial. national character. The people serve the magnanimous owner faithfully and are ready to take the most extreme actions. So, the servants who arrived with the officials of Mr. Shabashkin were ready to destroy. And only the authoritative voice of the owner, who assured that the sovereign would stand up for them, did not allow lynching to take place. And yet, lynching was accomplished when the blacksmith Arkhip, contrary to Vladimir’s orders, locked the doors of the house set on fire by the young Dubrovsky. Everyone burned in this fire.
The problem of cruelty is intertwined with the problem of mercy. The same Arkhip, seeing a cat rushing about in the fire, forgetting about the danger, saves it (“God’s creature perishes, and you ... rejoice”).
Pushkin took a unique approach to new topic about the corrupting power of money, which “kills” all the best moral qualities in a person.
The problem of rebellion, developing into peasant protests against violence against the human person. The rebels are led by a nobleman who opposes the tyrant landowners.
The problem is the government, which is allowed to do everything, acting on the principle: “The law is that whatever the pole is, where you turn, that’s where it comes out.”
The problem of fathers and children". The novel presents two generations. The story of the enmity of the “fathers” is a “prelude” to the failed love of the “children”. Social issues is revealed in the relationship between daughter and parent. Marya is afraid of daddy, doesn’t trust him, and loneliness pushes her into the arms of Dubrovsky. The father himself does even worse, depriving the child of freedom of choice and dooming the girl to an unhappy life.
The main problem that always worried Pushkin and found a lively response in the hearts of readers was the problem of the relationship between man and society. Each personality is individual in its development, has its own views on certain events, its own point of view. But the life of society is also regulated by its own laws and traditions. Is it possible to achieve public views coincided with affections and sympathies ordinary people? Is friendship and love possible between people at different levels of the social ladder?

the main idea

The meaning of the novel lies in the comparison of the destinies of the prosperous and impoverished aristocracy, which reveals a disappointing conclusion: power is not on the side of the nobility, it supports only the rich. Pushkin shows how two people with the same position, the same services to their homeland are not equal before the law. The management system is rotten, “justice” is given out for money. And until this changes, such progressive, strong and gifted descendants of noble families as Vladimir will extra people, whose lives are destroyed by corrupt officials and capricious moneybags. The author condemns the existing order in Russia and sympathizes with his hero, in whose fate he saw his problems. Pushkin was also noble, but poor, and he was also not recognized in society. It is known that N. Goncharova’s parents did not seriously consider his proposal until he achieved his goal with his perseverance.

Also, the main idea of the novel is the need for compromise in all areas of life. The era of Pushkin clearly lacks tolerance. A father forcibly marries his daughter to an old man, a friend cannot forgive his friend, a deceived man cannot achieve the truth in court, and the employer tries to brutally kill an employee by setting a bear on him. People do not know how to communicate in a civilized manner and achieve mutual understanding, because of this all the conflicts in the book occur. The author tried to engage in education

What does it teach?

Pushkin teaches “soul-nurturing humanity.” Only sincere, selfless, faithful love and friendship coming from the depths of the soul, not depending on what place a person occupies “in the table of ranks,” are capable of changing a society in which each individual will feel like a Personality. The moral of the novel proves the need for every citizen to strive for social equality.

Criticism

Pushkin's novel was received literary criticism differently. Thus, reactionary reviewers rated it as a “praise of crime,” confident that this is one of the reasons why Pushkin did not publish the work after its completion. Another reason was that “Dubrovsky” is a parody copy of the “robber and adventure” books that are so popular abroad. All together gave reason to doubt the artistic perfection of the novel, freeing it from topical social content.

V. G. Belinsky, a representative of the democratic movement in literature, initially reacted enthusiastically to the work, calling it “one of greatest creatures the genius of Pushkin." Later in his writings, he noted the “wonderful” aspects of the story: a description of the life of the Russian nobility, the corruption of legal proceedings reigning in Russia, the creation peasant images, the character of the heroine. He did not fail to emphasize that Dubrovsky “does not arouse participation.”

I. S. Turgenev admired the poet’s “epic powers” in creating the image of Troekurov.

The melodrama of “Dubrovsky,” which Belinsky noted as a weak side of the novel in his articles, is explained by criticism from the 30s to the 50s of the 20th century as a consequence of Pushkin’s plan, which placed a rebellious nobleman at the head of the peasant rebellion.

In works about “Dubrovsky” written at the end of the 20th century, artistic merit in the novel they are “rehabilitated”.

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IN early XIX For centuries, adventure novels have been in circulation. Alexander Pushkin also paid tribute to fashion. In 1832, the poet’s friend Pavel Nashchokin told a story about a landowner named Ostrovsky, whose estate was taken away by a biased court. The victim organized his peasants and began to engage in robbery with them. This story from life interested Pushkin. Soon the poet wrote the first two volumes of a novel about a noble robber.

But the work remained unfinished and did not even have a title. It was published after Pushkin's death in 1841. The publisher named the novel after the name of the main character - "Dubrovsky".

main idea works – protection of human dignity. Due to a personal insult, enmity breaks out between the Troyekurov and Dubrovsky families. Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky cannot stand the unequal struggle for noble honor. He goes crazy and then dies. Then his son Vladimir begins to fight for the family property. He does not intend to give up his family nest to the enemy and prefers to burn the house in which he was born.

Even having set foot on the path of a robber, young Dubrovsky remains a man of honor. He is merciful and just, and does not oppress the poor. A lesson in observance of duty is also taught to us by Masha Troekurova, who refuses to leave her unloved husband, remaining faithful to her oath before the altar.

Romantic plot a work, as is often the case with Pushkin, is only an outer shell under which the content is hidden. In such novels, evil must traditionally be punished, and good must certainly triumph. But in Dubrovsky, good always loses. The insulted honor of the Dubrovskys remained unavenged, Kistenevka went to Troyekurov, Masha married the prince, Vladimir was forced to flee abroad.

"Dubrovsky" is a social novel. His main idea: laws in Russia mean nothing compared to wealth and connections. Everyone, except Dubrovsky, grovels before Troekurov and forgives him any humiliation. Even government officials are at the landlord’s beck and call. There is no place for noble people in such a society.

Touched upon in the novel and theme of popular revolt. But the peasants of Kistenevka rise against Troekurov’s power not for the sake of justice or patriarchal attachment to “their” master. “If he gets someone else’s, he’ll tear off not only the skin, but also the meat.”, - the coachman Anton expresses the reason for his dissatisfaction. The peasants are worried about their own well-being, so their rebellion is not yet filled with ideological content. This is not a protest against serfdom, but an attempt to protect oneself from a despot.

The life of the local nobility is vividly and in detail depicted in the novel. Troekurov and Dubrovsky represent two different types of this class. Kirila Petrovich is a large landowner who keeps the entire neighborhood in fear. He feels like a master not only over his serfs, but also over his neighbors. Troekurov despises any person lower on the social ladder. He bosses around provincial officials as if they were his servants, and has two teachers killed. Kirila Petrovich likes to have a lot of people in the house. But the guests serve him more for amusement. Troekurov takes pleasure in humiliating them, making rude and even cruel jokes.

The conceit of this uneducated and spoiled gentleman knows no bounds. He believes that Dubrovsky does not attack his possessions solely out of fear of Troekurov’s power. Absolute impunity, vindictiveness and lust for power overshadow the landowner's rare glimpses of nobility and remorse.

The conflict of the older generation destroys the destinies of children. Vladimir Dubrovsky turns from a brilliant officer into a homeless outcast. Pushkin presents us with his hero in different roles: a loving son who sincerely worries about the death of his father, a desperate avenger, a brave and cold-blooded French tutor, an ataman of dashing robbers, an ardent lover.

Dubrovsky is a victim of violence and its instrument. Vladimir did not strive to become a robber, to live outside the law. At first he wanted to find justice for Troekurov “at the top.” He did not intend to kill the judges either. It was the blacksmith Arkhip who, with his cruel act, put Dubrovsky in a hopeless situation. Vladimir became a criminal only when the legal way to solve the problem was closed to him.

Love for Masha in Dubrovsky’s noble heart overcomes the feeling of revenge. He forgives Troekurov, because the house where his daughter lives becomes sacred. Involuntary crimes weigh on the soul and conscience of a young man, and all attempts to become noble and honest end in failure.

Love only increases Vladimir's suffering. He understands perfectly well that being the wife of a murderer and robber is a cruel choice. Therefore, Dubrovsky does not invite Masha to run away with him. He is ready to give her freedom from her despot father and hated fiancé when there is no other choice. Vladimir dreams of family happiness with his beloved, but can sacrifice it for the sake of the girl’s peace of mind. He accepts Masha's choice without objection.

Does Masha love Dubrovsky? The young girl rather sees him as a brave hero. She is attracted by the aura of mystery and romance surrounding the name of the young robber, and is flattered by his enthusiastic worship. But is this love? Pushkin’s heroine herself answers the question: “it’s better to die, it’s better to go to a monastery, it’s better to marry Dubrovsky.”

Critics reacted differently to the novel. Some saw in him a lot weaknesses, others recognized high artistic merit. “This is one of the greatest creations of Pushkin’s genius,” Belinsky wrote about the novel. For a long time the work was included in school curriculum, has been filmed many times. An opera of the same name was created based on the novel “Dubrovsky”.

"Dubrovsky" analysis of the work - theme, idea, genre, plot, composition, characters, issues and other issues are discussed in this article.

At the beginning of the 19th century, adventure novels were in use. Paid tribute to fashion and AleXander Pushkin. In 1832, the poet’s friend Pavel Nashchokin told a story about a landowner named Ostrovsky, who had a prejudiceThe fifth court took away the estate. The victim organized his peasants and began to engage in robbery with them. This story from life interested Pushkin. Soon the poet wrote the first two volumes of a novel about a noble robber.

But the work remained unfinished and did not even have a title. It was published after Pushkin's death in 1841. The publisher named the novel after the name of the main character - "Dubrovsky".

main idea works - protection of human dignity. Due to a personal insult, enmity breaks out between the Troyekurov and Dubrovsky families. Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky cannot stand the unequal struggle for noble honor. He goes crazy and then dies. Then his son Vladimir begins to fight for the family property. He does not intend to give up his family nest to the enemy and prefers to burn the house in which he was born.

Even having set foot on the path of a robber, young Dubrovsky remains a man of honor. He is merciful and just, and does not oppress the poor. A lesson in observance of duty is also taught to us by Masha Troekurova, who refuses to leave her unloved husband, remaining faithful to her oath before the altar.

"Dubrovsky" is a social novel. His main idea: laws in Russia mean nothing compared to wealth and connections. Everyone, except Dubrovsky, grovels before Troekurov and forgives him any humiliation. Even government officials are “at the beck and call” of the landowner. There is no place for noble people in such a society.

The conflict of the older generation destroys the destinies of children. Vladimir Dubrovsky turns from a brilliant officer into a homeless outcast. Pushkin presents us with his hero in different roles: a loving son who sincerely worries about the death of his father, a desperate avenger, a brave and cold-blooded French tutor, an ataman of dashing robbers, an ardent lover.

Love for Masha in Dubrovsky’s noble heart overcomes the feeling of revenge. He forgives Troekurov, because the house where his daughter lives becomes sacred. Involuntary crimes weigh on the soul and conscience of a young man, and all attempts to become noble and honest end in failure.

Love only increases Vladimir's suffering. He understands perfectly well that being the wife of a murderer and robber is a cruel choice. Therefore, Dubrovsky does not invite Masha to run away with him. He is ready to give her freedom from her despot father and hated fiancé when there is no other choice. Vladimir dreams of family happiness with his beloved, but can sacrifice it for the sake of the girl’s peace of mind. He accepts Masha's choice without objection.

Critics reacted differently to the novel. Some saw many weaknesses in it, others recognized high artistic merits. “This is one of the greatest creations of Pushkin’s genius,” Belinsky wrote about the novel. For a long time, the work was included in the school curriculum and was filmed many times. An opera of the same name was created based on the novel “Dubrovsky”.