The sound of an orchestra of Russian folk instruments. Musical instruments of the Russian folk orchestra
Russian instruments folk orchestra
Concert for first graders
Purpose of the event:
Expanding the musical horizons of students.
Development of the figurative-emotional sphere.
Awakening interest in musical creativity.
Formation of music listening skills.
Event form: Thematic concert.
Equipment:
Domra three-string small, alto, bass.
Balalaika-prima, balalaika-second, balalaika-alto, balalaika-bass.
Percussion instruments: tambourine, rattle, triangle, etc.
Wind instruments: pity, whistle, whistle, etc.
Piano.
Laptop.
Portrait of V.V. Andreev.
Leading: guys, today we will talk about musical instruments that are part of the Russian orchestra folk instruments. But before we talk about the orchestra, let's think about what large groups All instruments are divided according to the method of extracting sound from them.
(Children come to the table where there is a domra, a balalaika, spoons, a rattle, a tambourine, a whistle, a pity, a whistle. The children try to extract sound from various instruments).
Leading: guys, tell us how the sound is extracted from these instruments? (Points to spoons, a tambourine, a rattle. Children answer that sound is extracted from these instruments by striking their surface).
Leading: you are absolutely right! That's why these instruments are called percussion instruments. They appeared among people earlier than anyone else and are considered the most ancient.
How to make these instruments sound? (points to a pity, a horn, a whistle. Children blow into the instruments and they sound).
Leading: these instruments are called wind instruments. The sound in them arises from the movement of air. Air - brass.
And these instruments are familiar to you! (shows domras and balalaikas). In these instruments, the sound comes from strings that are stretched over a frame or resonator. For the deep and beautiful sound of the string, a special empty box with a hole for the resonator was needed, and since the sound of the domra and balalaika depends on the string, they belong to the group of stringed instruments.
The most ancient string instrument is domra. It appeared in Rus' a very long time ago, almost 500 years ago. Buffoons played on domras. Guys, are you familiar with this word - buffoons?
(children talk about wandering musicians who walked through cities and villages, entertaining people by playing the different instruments, sang ditties, staged funny performances).
Leading: I really liked the buffoons to the common people, not a single holiday would be complete without them. In their cheerful performances, they ridiculed the boyars and the clergy, which greatly angered the tsar and he issued a decree: take away the domras and other instruments, break them and burn them. The domra was forgotten for several centuries. She disappeared. But at the end of the 19th century, an instrument very similar to the domra was found in the Russian outback. He fell into the hands wonderful person- Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev. He searched all over Russia and restored various folk instruments. So he found the domra and revived it. Now it is played again, but not by buffoons, but by musicians from an orchestra of Russian folk instruments. But domra can also sound like a solo instrument.
Performed by a 2nd grade student (domra) sounds Russian folk song“Will I go, will I go out” arr. Grechaninova.
Presenter: the next Russian folk instrument that I want to tell you about is the balalaika. I have already told you about V.V. Andreev. He also paid a lot of attention to the balalaika. Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev created a whole family of balalaikas for the Russian folk orchestra: balalaika prima, balalaika second, balalaika viola, balalaika bass. They differ in pitch (the presenter shows different types balalaika).The balalaika spread throughout Rus' after the ban on the domra and became our most popular instrument, one of the symbols of Russia. In Russian villages the balalaika could be heard in almost every yard.
A Russian folk song will be performed by a 2nd grade student (balalaika). V. Andreev “Like under an apple tree.”
Leading: guys, you listened to pieces performed by two Russian folk instruments. Answer the question: how are the domra and the balalaika similar and how are they different? (children talk about the different structure of the body: on the domra it resembles half a pumpkin, and on the balalaika it resembles a triangle; on the domra the sound is produced with a special mediator plate, and on the balalaika it is played with a finger, etc. .d.)
Leading: what do domra and balalaika have in common? (children answer that domra and balalaika have three strings, a neck, frets, three pegs for tensioning the strings, a resonator on the body, etc.)
Leading: Well done guys, you are very attentive. What is also common between the domra and the balalaika is that they sound great in an ensemble.
The duet of domra and balalaika performs a comic Russian folk song in the arr. Shalova “My husband made me drown the guy’s bathhouse.”
Leading: guys, you probably noticed how natural and harmonious Russian sounds folk music on Russian folk instruments, how melodious and deep the sound can be on the domra, and how light and transparent on the balalaika. And now in execution young musicians you will hear three Russian folk songs:
“There was a birch tree in the field”, “Like under a hill, under a mountain”, “Goat” (performed by an ensemble of domra and balalaika players of 2-3 classes).
Leading: guys, on Russian folk instruments you can perform not only Russian music but also the music of other peoples:
The Czech folk song “Annushka” is performed by domra.
The German folk song “Riding on a Stick” is performed by a balalaika.
Leading: Guys, you have listened to how folk music sounds on the domra and balalaika, and now listen to the works written by composers specifically for these instruments.
A. Kotelnikov’s play “The Joke” is performed by a 2nd grade student (balalaika).
A 3rd grade student (domra) performs A. Ushkaryov’s play “Rodnichek”.
Yu. Shishakov’s play “Humoresque” is performed by a 5th grade student (domra).
Leading: guys, you listened to how domra and balalaika sound solo and in an ensemble. But they have a completely different sound in the Russian folk orchestra, where domras and balalaikas are the main instruments. The first orchestra of Russian folk instruments was created by Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev. And when he brought his orchestra to Paris for the World Exhibition in 1889, the success was amazing. V.V. Andreev was awarded the title of academician French Academy"for introducing a new element into music." So the glory of the domra and balalaika returned to the people became the glory not only of V.V. Andreev as a citizen and patriot, but also the glory of all Russian art.
Performed by the Russian Folk Orchestra. Osipov's work is played by V.V. Andreeva
“The moon is shining” (phonogram)
Leading: guys, at the end of our meeting I would like to wish you to be worthy successors to the traditions of performing Russian folk instruments and success in your musical creativity. Thank you for participating in the concert.
End.
List of used literature and media resources:
“Domra from the Azov” comp. A.Potapova. publishing house "Composer" St. Petersburg, 2003
“ABC of domra” (for three-string domra) junior classes of children's music school. ed. "Kifara". M 2006
Reading book “Balalaika” 1-2 grades. DMSh. Ed. "Kifara" M. 2007
“Domra” piece accompanied by piano. Junior classes DMSh. Ed. "Composer"
Chunin. “School of playing the three-string domra” ed. " Soviet composer» M. 1990
www.ossipovorchestra. ru.
Shcherbakova I.A., Nizhny Novgorod, 2015
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- The presentation was prepared by Rev. Vyazemsk Children's Art School named after A.S. Dargomyzhsky:
- Kurnosova E.A.
- Vorobyova I.V.
- Mironova I.I.
- 02/22/2017
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The first orchestra of Russian folk instruments
This was over a hundred years ago. Once in St. Petersburg, a young violinist Vasily Andreev came to the famous violin maker Ivanov and said that he wanted to order a musical instrument. Andreev showed a drawing of the instrument he had drawn, and the violin maker became terribly angry.
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It turns out that Andreev asked the respected violin maker make him a balalaika! The master found such a proposal simply offensive!
But the young man insisted and even asked that the balalaika be made from the best types of wood, which the master had aged for years, intending to make a noble instrument from it.
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V.V. Andreev designed
five varieties of balalaikas: primu, second, alto, bass and double bass. Of these, only the prima is a solo, virtuoso instrument, while the rest are assigned purely orchestral functions: the second and viola implement chord accompaniment, and the bass and double bass perform the bass function.
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And he, too, Vasily Andreev, revived the domra for us. Quite by accident, he found only one such instrument in the Vyatka province and did not immediately understand what it was!
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Most often, the alto domra is assigned melodic parts in the middle and lower registers or pedal accompaniment.
Three-string domras are one of the main groups of instruments in a folk orchestra. It includes piccolo, small, alto and bass domras. The small domra is the leading instrument of the orchestra. The alto Domra is assigned melodic parts in the middle and lower registers or pedal accompaniment. The bass domra is most often tasked with performing harmonically consistent bass sounds.
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Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev (1861-1918) made his dream come true -
He formed the Great Russian Orchestra, whose first performance took place in 1897 in the Hall of the Noble Assembly. From then on, folk instruments began to spread with extraordinary speed throughout Russia.
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The further transformation of the orchestra into a multi-timbral one was accompanied by the introduction of new instruments:
- Keyboard gusli.
- Orchestral harmonicas - in most cases modern button accordions are used.
- Wind instruments:
- Russian origin -
- pipes, pity pipes, bagpipes, kugikly, Vladimir horns.
- European -
- flutes, oboes, sometimes brass instruments are included.
- Percussion instruments:
- Russian origin -
- bells, spoons, rattles, tambourine, etc.
- European -
- timpani, bells and others.
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Brass
Horn It is a conical-shaped straight pipe with five holes at the top and one at the bottom. The horn is made from birch, maple and juniper. The horn's sound is strong but soft, with a range of slightly more than an octave.
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Zhaleika– a wind reed instrument, is a short wooden tube with 3-7 side holes. The pity can be single or double. They play it both as a duet and solo, and perform folk songs, dances, and tunes as part of an orchestra.
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The flute is similar to a longitudinal flute, consisting of two wooden tubes of different lengths that are not fastened together.
The flute is played mostly solo and folk songs are performed.
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Flute - modern flutes are very rarely made of wood, more often made of metal, sometimes made of plastic and glass. The flute is held horizontally. The flute is one of the highest sounding instruments in the orchestra. The most virtuoso and technically agile instrument in the wind family, thanks to these advantages she is often assigned orchestral solos.
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The oboe is a melodic instrument with a range lower than that of the flute. Slightly conical in shape, the oboe has a melodious, but somewhat nasal timbre, and even sharp in the upper register. It is primarily used as an orchestral solo instrument.
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Clarinet - comes in several sizes, depending on the required pitch. The clarinet has a wide range, warm, soft timbre and provides the performer with wide expressive possibilities.
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Percussion musical instruments.
The oldest and most numerous among groups of musical instruments. Often the drums are affectionately called the “kitchen” of the orchestra, and the performers are called “jack of all trades.” WITH percussion instruments the musicians treat them quite “harshly”: they beat them with sticks, hit each other, shake them - and all this in order to set the rhythm of the orchestra, as well as to give color and originality to the music. Sometimes a car horn or a device that imitates wind noise (aeoliphone) is added to the drums.
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Timpani
Timpani - a hemispherical metal body covered with a leather membrane; timpani can sound very loud or, conversely, softly, like a distant rumble of thunder. An orchestra usually has two to five timpani.
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- Plates (pairs) - convex round metal discs different sizes and with an indefinite pitch.
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Smolensk Russian folk orchestra them. V.P. Dubrovsky....
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State Academic orchestra folk instruments of Russia name N.P. Osipova.
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State ensemble Russian music and dance "Sadko".
Lesson objectives:
- to form in students a conscious idea of the composition of the orchestra of Russian folk instruments;
- arouse interest in communication with music performed on Russian folk instruments.
- Educational teach to distinguish the voices of folk instruments - balalaika, button accordion, domra and others - in the sound of an orchestra of folk instruments. Strengthen the ability to play in an orchestra according to the rules.
- Developmental develop an emotional and value-based attitude to life through musical works of Russian folk art, works of Russian composers.
- Educational formation among students national identity, education of love for the Motherland, for native land, broadening your horizons; upbringing careful attitude to musical instruments.
Didactic material: map-scheme, table “Orchestra of Folk Instruments”, rhythmic poster, portraits of composers: M. Glinka, I. Dunaevsky, A. Dargomyzhsky, illustrations - creative works students, children's musical instruments, exhibition “Folk musical instruments.
Reproductions of paintings: I. Repin “Barge Haulers on the Volga”, T. Yablonskaya “Bread”
Musical material: Russian folk songs: “The moon is shining,” “Oh, you canopy,” “Dance tunes,” “Millet,” “Look how it is in our workshop.” Folk song of the Kursk region “Timonya”. “We call this land our Motherland.” Words by M. Plyatskovsky, music by Y. Chichkov; N.A. Rimsky - Korsakov choir “Farewell to Maslenitsa” from the opera “The Snow Maiden”, A. Dargomyzhsky choir “Svatushka” from the opera “Rusalka”.
During the classes
I. Musical greeting –
“The bell rang”, performed with clapping and stamping.II. Motivation of students.
1) The teacher plays the melody of the song “We call this land our Motherland.”
- What's the name of the song?
- What is the song about? (About the beauty of the nature of our Motherland.)
2). Performing one verse of the song “We call this land Motherland.”
- Why did we start the lesson with this song? Theme for the quarter? (“Music of my people” and in our lessons we learn a lot of new things about Russian music).
- Then can you answer exactly what is the name of the fairy-tale hero depicted in the picture? (Emelya).<Appendix 1. Figure 1 >
You are all familiar with the fairy tale “At the behest of the pike.” Did you know that there is another fairy tale about this hero - a musical one. It tells how Emelya traveled to the city of Masters and there he became acquainted with folk musical instruments. Today in class I will tell you this fairy tale, and we will learn a lot of interesting things about the orchestra of Russian folk instruments, we will learn new musical instruments, we will hear their voices, and you yourself will become performing musicians. Only in fairy tales does someone always help the main character, but in our fairy tale you will help Emelya. The smart pike gave Emelya a magic bag containing chips. They are intended for all those children who will help Emela on the road. Let's go to a fairy tale? Magic music sounds. (Emelya decreases)
Fairy tale “Emelya’s Journey to the City of Masters”
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived Emelya. Emelya had a balalaika, but it broke: the string on it broke and the sounds did not sound accurately, not harmoniously, and he could not play a single song on it to please his soul and take away his sadness. And Emelya heard that there is such a thirtieth kingdom, the Musical State, where you can repair your instrument so that it sounds cleaner and louder, cheerfully and fervently. He asked Emelya Pike to help him. The path to this kingdom is difficult and far, so the pike gave Emelya a magic map that will lead him to the city of Masters - craftsmen in the manufacture of musical instruments. But at the same time he must pass all the tests that he will encounter along the way. Unfolded Emelya's map<Appendix 1. Figure 2 > and saw a signpost stone on the way, and on it the inscription: “If you go to the right, you’ll find a river, if you go to the left, you’ll end up in a swamp, and if you go straight, you’ll end up in Mudroye village where the wise men live." And Emelya decided to go to the village of Mudroye. The sages promised to show him the way only after he answered all their questions. But Emelya could not do this. Shall we help him guys?
III. Repetition of covered material.
Quiz.
1. Drawing, image of a buffoon.
- Who is shown in the picture? (buffoon)
- Who were called buffoons in Rus'?
2. Hook recording.
- What does the entry mean?
- Where could you hear it? (in the Temple)
3. A fragment of the work by N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov is played by the choir “Farewell to Maslenitsa”
A fragment of the work by A. Dargomyzhsky choir “Svatushka” from the opera “Rusalka” is heard.
- Which composer is the author of the sound fragment, please indicate the portrait? (A. Dargomyzhsky)
- Determine the genre of the song performed? (wedding song).
5. A melody plays folk song Kursk region “Timonya”?
- Determine the genre of the song? (round dance song)
- What are the names of the round dances of the Kursk region? (tank, karagod)
- Perform the song “Timonya”.
6. Painting by I. Repin “Barge Haulers on the Volga”
- Name the artist, the painting?
- Which musical composition could voice this picture, why?
(Russian folk song “Hey, let’s go!”).
- By what means did the artist convey the hard work of people? (colors, mood)
Well done boys! Thanks for the help! (For each correct answer, children receive a chip). I will continue the tale.
The sages showed Emelya the way further: “You will pass, Emelya, a water meadow, you will drive past a hundred-year-old oak tree, you will climb a hill and see Pesenny farm. That’s where you need to be.” That's what Emelya did. And on the farm new trials awaited him. People live here who love to perform songs. And they gave our hero the following task - to perform a Russian folk song (illustration) and determine its genre. Yes, the trouble is, Emelya forgot the name and words of the song. Help him, children!
- Based on the illustration, do children determine the title and genre of the song? (Russian folk song, round dance-game “Millet”).
- What other types of round dance songs do you know? (round dance).
- Performing the round dance-game “Millet”. Children in groups act out the plot of the song.
Thanks guys! With your help, Emelya sang the right song and the residents of the Pesenny farm showed him the way further: “We walk along this road for two days and two nights, if you ride the stove, you will get to the city of Masters in 1 day.” But the trouble is, that road is littered with stones. It is necessary to clear the rubble, remove the stones, and this can only be done strong people. Emele, I can’t cope without you guys! Shall we help our hero?
- Plastic intonation. Children “lift” and “throw” stones from the road. Well done boys!
So, the road is clear, along which Emelya reached the city of Masters. But the trouble is, the city gates were closed, and to open them you need to help the carpenters in the workshop at the gate.
- Performance of the song “Look how it is in our workshop”, plastic intonation.
And as soon as the song ended, the gates to the city were opened. Emelya drove into the city and what did he see and hear there? Residents of the city of Masters made new musical instruments. And, an orchestra of Russian folk instruments gathered on the square. Emel saw many instruments for the first time; he wanted to know their names and hear their sound. (Exhibition of folk musical instruments: button accordion, balalaika, domra, sopel, kugikly, etc.)
IV. Learning new material.
Now let's fill the space with orchestra instruments (table).<Appendix 1. Figure 3 >
1). A story about Russian folk instruments (balalaika, button accordion, flute, horn, gusli and
etc.), showing them, messages from children, creating an orchestra. (Filling out the table)
2). A story about folk instruments of the Kursk region . Kugikly – multi-barrel flute. In the Kursk region - these are five reed pipes of different lengths, not connected in any way! yourself. The performer holds them in her hands, aligning the upper ends of the pipes. The pipes differ from each other in length - exactly by width thumb performer, who is most often also a craftswoman in making kugikl. The sound of the kugikle is gentle and dull. It goes well with other wind tones: pipe, horn. This ancient instrument is still used today not only in the Kursk region, but also in the Bryansk and Kaluga regions . < Приложение 1. Рисунок 4 >
3). “Dance tunes”, “The moon is shining” - listening and distinguishing the timbres of musical instruments.
Dance is a dance without rules. They dance as the soul asks, as the legs themselves demand. It can be uncontrollable, wild, fiery, unbridled.
4). “The Moon is Shining” - performance on musical instruments, according to a rhythmic score, in an ensemble with a teacher.<Appendix 1. Figure 5 >
Emelya listened to the masters play, the Russian dance music sounded painfully beautiful - rhythmically, harmoniously, each individual timbre of the instrument merged into a single orchestral palette. Emel asked the craftsmen to repair his balalaika. Yes, the masters refused him; his balalaika cannot be repaired because... It was made a long time ago and the craftsmen have no strings for it. But for his kindness and attention, they gave Emelya a new balalaika, better than the previous one, and gave him an order: “Take care of Emelya’s musical instruments, and try to create your own folk (fantastic) instrument.
V. Homework.
Invent and draw a fantastic instrument.
The masters escorted Emelya out and showed him the way. How long or short did Emelya drive and stop at dense forest, and behind the forest there is a bridge and a river, and there it’s not far from the house. And then Baba Yaga stood in his way: “I won’t let you out of the forest until you solve the riddle!” Let's help him, guys!
V. Test. (Appendix 2)
Thank you guys, you're great! It was only thanks to your help that Emelya completed all the tasks and returned home safely.
VI. Lesson summary.
Tell us, guys, how did you help Emela on the road?
1) The village of Mudroye. (We answered the questions of the sages, repeating the material covered)
2) Khutor Pesenny. (We performed a round dance - the game “Millet”).
3) City of Masters.
(We got acquainted with Russian folk musical instruments, listened to their voices. We independently created our own orchestra and performed the Russian folk song “The Month Is Shining” on musical instruments).
4) Answered the riddles of Baba Yaga.
5) What order did the masters give to Emelya?
(Take care of musical instruments).
VII. Reflection.
For every correct answer, you guys received chips. Count their number.
Which one of you has the most chips? Which of you was the most active in class? erudite? curious? artistic?
Thank you guys for the lesson.
Musical farewell “The bell rang.”
Literature
- Zatyamina T.A. Modern lesson music: design methodology, scenarios, test control: educational method. manual. - M., 2007.
- Kritskaya E.D., Sergeeva G.P., Shmagina T.S. Program “Music. 1-7 grades.” General programs educational institutions.- M., 2007.
- Kupriyanova L.L. Russian folklore. A manual for music teachers. - M., 1996.
- Programs of educational institutions “Music” grades 2-8. Auto count under the leadership of D.B. Kabalevsky. - M., 2006.