Musical instrument of a folk orchestra. Musical instruments of the Russian folk orchestra

Yakut Music College (School) named after. Zhirkova
ABSTRACT
subject: Folk musical culture
on the topic: Russian instruments folk orchestra
Completed by: 1st year student of the Vocal Department, Faina Takhirovna Khismatulina Teacher: Rosalia Rashitovna Davletova
Yakutsk, 2016
Content:
Introduction
Classification of instruments by sound source and method of sound production:
Stringed Russian folk instruments
Wind Russian folk instruments
Percussion Russian folk instruments.
Composition of the orchestra of Russian folk instruments:
Strings
Brass
Drums
3.Conclusion
Introduction
The first Russian folk musical instruments arose in ancient times. You can learn about what our ancestors played from paintings, handwritten brochures and popular prints. A certain number of tools were found during excavations, and now no one can doubt that they were indeed widespread in Rus'. Our ancestors could not live without music. Many of them knew how to independently make the simplest instruments, which were then passed on by inheritance.
The Orchestra of Russian Folk Instruments is an orchestra that includes instruments from the domra and balalaika family, as well as gusli, accordion, zhaleika and other Russian folk instruments. The first such group was created in 1888 in St. Petersburg by balalaika player Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev as “ Circle of balalaika lovers”, after successful concerts in Russia and abroad, called the “Great Russian Orchestra”. After October revolution orchestras of Russian folk instruments became widespread and existed almost everywhere: in concert organizations, cultural centers, clubs, etc.
The repertoire of Russian folk instruments usually includes arrangements of Russian folk instruments and transcriptions of works written for other ensembles, but also works written specifically for them.
Modern orchestras of Russian folk instruments are serious creative teams performing at major concert venues both Russia and abroad.
Classification of tools
according to the source of sound and the method of sound production. In accordance with the source of sound, Russian folk instruments are divided into:
- Strings (Chordophones)
- Brass (Aerophones)
- Shell-sounding (membranophones)
- Self-sounding (with a certain pitch and an indefinite one)
A. String folk instruments
Plucked folk instruments
Plucked folk instruments (the sound is produced by plucking a string) include fretboard or tanbur-shaped instruments - domra, balalaika and fretless instruments - various types of gusli. In the former, the pitch of the sound changes mainly by shortening the strings on the fingerboard with the fingers of the left hand when plucking or tremolding them, and in the latter, as a result of plucking the strings and quickly running the fingers or a special plate along them with a mediator (plectrum).
Balalaika – plucked instrument Ukrainian origin(probably comes from the old Russian domra). It was already known in the era of Peter I. It is characterized by a triangular body shape. There is a round cutout in the top deck.
The balalaika has three strings tuned to fourths, but some instruments have two lower strings tuned in unison.
In the modern orchestra of Russian folk instruments, five varieties of balalaikas are used: prima, second, viola, bass and double bass. Of these, only the prima is a solo, virtuoso instrument, while the rest are assigned purely orchestral functions: the second and viola implement chord accompaniment, and the bass and double bass perform the bass function.

Domra is a Russian folk plucked string instrument. Domra has a hemispherical body. The strings are plucked using a mediator. A typical sound production technique is the tremolo. There are two types of domra: three-string (Russian) domra with fourth tuning, traditionally used in Russia, and four-string domra with fifth tuning, most widespread in Belarus and Ukraine. Domra is used for solo performance (domra small, prima) and as part of ensembles and orchestras of Russian folk instruments.

Gusli are stringed musical instruments of various designs and origins, common in Russia. The most ancient Russian plucked string instrument is the lyre-shaped gusli. In ancient times, all stringed musical instruments could be called gusli. Traditionally, there are several types of plucked gusli, which are interconnected common name, while they are different tools.
The Russian folk orchestra includes keyboards and tinkled gusli.
Device, appearance and the range of keyboard gusli is similar to plucked psaltery, but all the strings are located in the same plane, and above the strings there is a box with a system of mufflers - dampers. This entire system is controlled using 12 one-octave keys of a piano keyboard located on the edge of the damper box. When you press a key, the damper associated with it rises and opens the corresponding this sound strings in all octaves at once. Most often, arpeggiated chords are played on the keyboard gusli. With his right hand, the performer runs a pick (a thin plate with a pointed end) along the strings, and with his left hand presses the necessary keys. Using the pedal located near the keys, all dampers are raised at once. When the pedal is pressed, the keyboard psaltery can be used as a plucked psaltery.
In the modern Russian folk orchestra this type of gusli is used; in professional groups there is a duet of plucked and keyboard gusli.
The ringed gusli is the direct descendant of the ancient winged gusli. They are usually trapezoidal in shape. When playing, the performer holds them on his knees, producing sound in several ways: plucking the strings with the fingers of both hands or just right hand, and with the left one muffles the strings; uses a plectrum, then the sound becomes especially sonorous. They play this harp and rattle it, like a balalaika.

B. Russian folk wind instruments
The source of sound here is the air flow. According to the method of sound production, the group is divided into whistle, reed and mouthpiece.
Russian whistled folk instruments include various longitudinal pipes.
A single-barreled pipe is a longitudinal tube, usually with six playing holes, giving a diatonic scale.
A double-barreled pipe (also called a double-barreled pipe, double-barreled pipe or flute) usually has holes on each pipe that give scales that are in a quart ratio.
Kugikly (kuvikly, kuvichki) - multi-barreled pipes - these are several pipes, usually from two to five playing holes, with a diatonic scale and a small range within the fifth.
Ocarinas are hollow ceramic figurines, usually in the form of a bird or animal, with two or three playing holes, in some instruments up to ten, with a diatonic scale within a nona.
The flute is an ancient wind musical instrument, a type of longitudinal flute. Sometimes it can be double-barreled, with one of the barrels usually having a length of 33-35 cm, the second - 45-47 cm. At the upper end of the barrel there is a whistle device, at the bottom there are 3 side holes for changing the pitch of sounds. It is made from wood with a soft core: elderberry, willow, bird cherry. It is assumed that this instrument migrated to Russia from Ancient Greece.
Reed wind instruments
The sound occurs as a result of the vibration of a reed - a metal plate. There can be two types: striking reeds (when air is supplied, the reed hits the edges of the slots), with slipping, usually metal reeds (they produce one sound corresponding to the vibration frequency of the metal plate itself). Skipping reeds are the basis of harmonics - from the simplest accordion designs to modern concert button accordions and accordions.
Beating tongues include:
Zhaleika is a pipe with a small number of playing holes.
Bagpipes are a reed wind instrument with a special air reservoir, or bellows. Air is pumped into the fur by mouth or using special cavities controlled by the performer's hand. Because the instrument's tubes produce sound through the air flow from the bellows rather than from the mouth, the performer can breathe while playing and thus not have the sound interrupted. The fur was usually made from the skin of an animal, into which a shanter, or melody tube with finger holes, was inserted. The Russian bagpipe has a double shanter with bells made of horn. The history of the origin of the bagpipe is unclear, but its relationship with those instruments in which the entire reed is taken inside is obvious mouth Bagpipes were known back in the days Ancient Rome.

Accordion is a reed wind instrument, a hand harmonica. In the Russian tradition, it is usually customary to name only instruments with a right-hand piano-type keyboard (usually several timbre registers) - unlike, for example, the button accordion. However, sometimes the name “push-button accordion” is also found. Some of its varieties are called button accordion.

Bayan is a wind reed musical instrument, a type of harmonica with a full chromatic scale on the right keyboard, bass and ready-made chord accompaniment on the left; named after the ancient Russian singer-storyteller Boyan. The modern button accordion is equipped with a five-row right keyboard with switch registers and a ready-selectable six-row left one and has excellent artistic and performance capabilities, allowing you to play not only the simplest melodies, but also masterpieces of world classics.
The button accordion consists of three parts - the right half-body, the left half-body, and the bellows. In fact, the button accordion is a type of accordion. Moreover, this variety is distinguished as a separate instrument (boyan) only in Russia (and CIS countries). In other countries, this instrument remains an accordion.
Mouthpiece wind instruments
The sound is caused by the vibration of the performer's tense lips applied to the narrow end of the tube or mouthpiece.
A shepherd's horn is a wooden tube with a mouthpiece, a bell and a small number of playing holes (most often 5-6). Horns are often used in ensembles and can come in a variety of sizes and tessitura.

The shepherd's trumpet is an ancient wind instrument. It was made either from tree bark or from two hollowed out halves wrapped in birch bark. They do not have play holes.
A horn is a curved canonical instrument in which sound is produced by vibration of the performer's lips. The simplest varieties are made from animal horns, and it was animal horns that served as a model for other varieties of primitive horns. Air can be blown from the end or from the side; the melodic scope of instruments without finger holes is very limited. They are widely used for signaling and ritual purposes.
V. Percussion Russian folk instruments
Shell-sounding
The source of sound is an elastic membrane that vibrates as a result of a blow to it. Among Russian membrane instruments, the most famous is the tambourine - in the form of a wooden hoop, one side of which is covered with a leather membrane. Small metal plates are usually inserted into the holes in the walls of the hoop, complementing the sound of the tambourine with ringing overtones.

Self-sounding (with a certain pitch)
Bells are widely known as a native Russian instrument. Over the course of many centuries, a variety of types have been formed in Rus'. bells, characterized by great melodic and rhythmic originality - festive, alarm, counter, farewell, funeral, etc.
Medium-sized bells and bells have long been included in the category of percussion musical instruments that have a certain sonority. Bells come in various sizes and all tunings. The larger the bell, the lower its pitch. Each bell makes only one sound. The part for medium-sized bells is written in the bass clef, for small-sized bells - in the treble clef. Medium-sized bells sound an octave higher than the written notes.

Drova is a Russian folk percussion musical instrument similar to a xylophone. It consists of small wooden blocks (“logs” or “logs”) of a semicircular shape, of the same thickness, but of different lengths, fastened together with a rope. A resonating cavity is hollowed out on the inner (flat) side of each block. Fine adjustment of the bars to a specific musical tone is done by adjusting the depth of the cavity - the deeper the cavity, the lower the sound. The finished bars are varnished and connected with ropes. They play the “wood” with mallets made of hard wood.

Self-sounding (with an indefinite pitch)
In the Russian ethnic environment, the most popular were spoons - in the form of wooden tablespoons with slightly elongated handles, to which bells are sometimes tied. Ratchets are also very popular - most often, in the form of wooden tablespoons with slightly elongated handles, to which they are sometimes tied bells.
The box is a very modest, but important tool Russian folk orchestra. This is a small, oblong, carefully planed and even sanded on all sides wooden block of maple or birch with a small cavity under top part housing, which serves as a resonator. The sound is produced with drum or xylophone sticks. The box emphasizes individual rhythmic points that imitate the clatter of hooves.
Sharkun – popularly it is also called sharkunok or shergunok. Now this instrument can be found here in the North. These are wicker birch bark or folding wooden rattles, in which dry peas poured inside “sound.” Sometimes the sharkunok was made like a puzzle: its wooden parts, stepped, similar to a modern “construction set,” were tightly fitted to each other. They were folded into a ribbed cone. And beads or peas were placed into the voids inside the puzzle.

For academic instruments, it is important that all membrane and self-sounding instruments (with the exception of the Jew's harp) make up a group percussion instruments orchestra, in particular the Russian folk orchestra. The method of sound production on them - impact - practically turns out to be more significant than the source of sound. Therefore, in the music of the musical notation tradition, it seems much more important to classify percussion instruments not into membrane and self-sounding ones, but into instruments with a certain pitch (timpani, bells, bells, vibraphone, etc.) and with an indefinite pitch (tambourine, large and snare drum , triangle, plates, spoons, rattles, etc.) Composition of the folk instrument orchestra
Groups of instruments of the Russian folk orchestra
Percussion: Spoons Sharkun Box Hoof Ratchets Firewood (similar to a xylophone)
Brass:PipeOcarina BrechkaZhaleikaHornBagpipes

Tongue-fur: AccordionBayan
Strings:
GusliDomraBalalaika

An orchestra of Russian folk instruments usually includes the following instruments (in order of placement in the score and approximate number of performers):
- Three-string domras: piccolo, small (6–20), alto (4–12) and bass (3-6)
- Wind instruments:
Of Russian origin - pipes, zhaleikas, bagpipes, Vladimir horns (currently rare in the orchestra).
European - flutes, oboes (used more often, as they have a timbre almost identical to Russian instruments, but with a larger range), sometimes brass instruments are included.
- Orchestral harmonicas - in most cases, modern button accordions are used (from two to five): usually half of them perform the melody, the rest - bass parts. Some orchestras may also use regional versions of double-row accordions: “livenki”, Saratov, “khromki”, etc.
- Percussion instruments
Of Russian origin - bells, spoons, rattles, tambourines, etc. European - timpani (initially Andreev planned to introduce similar covers into the orchestra, but this instrument, due to some imperfections in its design, quickly fell out of use), bells and others (similarly symphony orchestra).
- Keyboard and ringed gusli
- Balalaikas: primas (3-6), seconds (3-4), alto (2-4), bass (1-2) and double bass (2-5.)
Conclusion
A hundred years ago, for the first time in musical practice, a Russian orchestra, national in the composition of its instruments, was created, which became an organic part of the professional artistic culture and at the same time – part of mass musical life. This is its great educational significance: today the Russian folk orchestra is an important means of actively introducing wide sections of the population to music. From here it is clear how important the role of Russian folk orchestras is in modern musical culture.
Numerous evidence of the wide variety of Russian musical instruments has survived to this day. There are plucked strings, bowed instruments, wind instruments, and percussion instruments. With change social conditions, way of life musical instruments changed and changed. Some are widespread throughout the country, some only in certain areas. The basis of folk instrumental art is collectivity. The idea of ​​reviving a collective game in Russian folk instruments arose from V.V. Andreeva is not accidental.
Even short review historical facts testifies to the deep historical roots of ensemble music playing in Russia. Andreev’s creation of the Russian Orchestra was a unique phenomenon, because never before, either in domestic or foreign practice, had there existed an orchestra whose instruments were so accessible for initial mastery, and it was on this point that Andreev emphasized Special attention. Orchestral performance on Russian folk instruments has a rich tradition. Currently, this genre occupies a prominent place in musical culture. Today we can say with confidence that the art of orchestral performance on Russian folk instruments is on the rise.
Information sources
Antonin Modr " Musical instruments».
"Musical Instruments of the World" (Illustrated Encyclopedia).
Internet: www.aveclassics.net, Wikipedia.

Olga Popova
Musical instruments of the Russian folk orchestra

Musical instruments of the Russian folk orchestra.

Target:

Expand children's understanding of music.

Introducing children to folk music , Russian traditions.

Tasks:

1. Introduce children to orchestra of Russian folk instruments, its composition.

2. Cultivate love for folk art , To Russian traditions

3. Develop a desire to express yourself in various types activities; promote the development of initiative and creative activity.

Panoramic.

Appearance musical instruments can be attributed to the era of primitive man. Wasn't she the first? musical instrument stick, which primitive hit a tree, driving the bees out of the hollow? At the same time, he involuntarily compared the sound of a tree empty inside with the sound that was obtained from hitting a stone against a stone.

From the early age adults, through epics and songs, riddles and proverbs, tried to tell children about folk musical instruments. In the house they became the simplest items from peasant everyday life: bubble with peas - rattle; dry firewood - xylophone; a copper basin or pot - a ringing drum; a bunch of wooden plates - with a ratchet...

Folk instruments most often made from simple natural materials– wood, clay, animal horns, reeds, reeds; tool could be an ordinary blade of grass, a bean pod, or an acacia pod, or the bones of birds and animals.

Folk musical instruments are divided into 3 groups:

Brass instruments – whistles, pipes, zhaleika, horn, bagpipes, etc.

Strings – gusli, balalaika, domra.

Percussion - spoons, bells, bells, rattle, kokoshnik,

ruble, box, firewood, etc.

- Russian button accordion - an instrument in the Russian folk orchestra, which does not belong to any of the groups. But it’s impossible to imagine without a button accordion.

Let's combine all these musical instruments into a single musical body and we get - orchestra of Russian folk instruments. Parent Russian folk orchestra Vasily Vasilievich Andreev is rightfully considered, having created it in the middle

Drums musical instruments.

Teacher: What do you think the first one was? musical instrument? (children's answers).

Rhythmic strokes of the palms create a unique pattern unique beauty. Here he is the first drummer tool! Wasn't she the first? stick tool, which primitive man hit against a tree, driving bees out of the hollow?

In Rus', without exception, drums were called "rattling" or "emphasis". It's impossible to imagine Russian dance without drums tools. Balalaika and button accordion are not enough without a tambourine, spoons and many others tools.

The simplest and most common tool. Typically, three spoons are used in the game. (The teacher shows the technique of the game). The result is a polyphonic rhythmic pattern. Our painted spoons are popular not only here, but also abroad. Thousands of them are taken home by foreigners as souvenirs.

Bells, bells.

Teacher: What is the difference between bells and bells? (children's answers).

The bell is a metal cup open at the bottom with a striker attached to the bottom. (tongue). The bell is a hollow ball in which a metal ball (sometimes several) rolls, when shaken, it hits the walls and produces a sound. The bell is clearer and brighter in timbre, the bell is dull; its sound is less long. But it sounds in any position. In the old days, bells and bells were hung under the arc of the daring troika.

Teacher: Why do you think these were hung tools?

Ratchet.

A ratchet is a bunch of wooden plates that, when shaken, hit each other and make a rattling sound. This one is funny and effective tool you can do it yourself. Approximately 20 smooth, even plates measuring 200x60 mm are cut and planed from dry wood. When used, the ratchet expands like an accordion, but in a fan shape. Hold the ratchet at chest or head level. It is often decorated with colored ribbons, flowers, etc. It is mainly played by women, singing majestic songs at weddings.

Kokoshnik.

In former times, watchmen were armed with so-called beaters. The watchman walked around the village at night and knocked on it, thereby letting his fellow villagers know that he was not sleeping, but working honestly. Yes, and scared away thieves.

It is precisely on the principle of a sentry beater that the drum is designed folk instrument kokoshnik. Its basis is a small wooden frame covered with leather. A wooden ball tied to the top hits it, producing sounds similar to machine gun shots. A handle is inserted into the lower part, which is held with one hand. tool. Making frequent oscillatory movements with your hand causes the tied ball to swing from side to side. Rare hits are impossible, the ball in this case "doesn't listen".

The ruble, like spoons, is an everyday item Russian people. In the old days, when there was no iron yet, linen was ironed by rolling it while wet onto a rolling pin and then rolling it out for a long time, compacting it with a ruble. It is possible that someone once accidentally passed another elastic object along its teeth and a sparkling cascade of sounds was created. As you can see, musical instruments, especially drums, are born by life itself, and often by our everyday life.

Box.

Wooden box - very modest, but important instrument of the Russian folk orchestra. It is a small oblong, carefully planed on all sides wooden block with a small cavity. The sound is produced with drum or xylophone sticks.

The box imitates the clicking of heels in dancing and the clatter of hooves.

This musical instrument It is advisable to make it from maple, birch or spruce. The material must be very dry or hard. Russian folk instrument firewood is designed on the principle of the well-known xylophone. Sound is produced by hammers.

Used Books:

1. Yu. A. Vasiliev, A. S. Shirokov "Stories about Russian folk instruments» M:. Soviet composer, 1986

2. « encyclopedic Dictionary young musician» . Publishing house "Pedagogy", 1985 Compiled by

V. V. Medushevsky, O. O. Ochakovskaya.

3. A. Klenov "Where music lives» . Publishing house "Pedagogy",1986

Lesson objectives:

• to form in students a conscious idea of ​​the composition of the orchestra of Russian folk instruments;
• arouse interest in communication with music performed on Russian folk instruments.

• Educational
teach to distinguish the voices of folk instruments - balalaika, button accordion, domra and others - in the sound of an orchestra of folk instruments. Strengthen the ability to play in an orchestra according to the rules.
• Developmental
develop an emotional and value-based attitude to life through musical works Russian folk art, works of Russian composers.
• Educational
formation among students national identity, education of love for the Motherland, for native land, broadening your horizons; upbringing careful attitude to musical instruments.

Didactic material: map-scheme, table “Orchestra of Folk Instruments”, rhythmic poster, portraits of composers: M. Glinka, I. Dunaevsky, A. Dargomyzhsky, illustrations - creative works students, children's musical instruments, exhibition “Folk musical instruments.

Reproductions of paintings: I. Repin “Barge Haulers on the Volga”, T. Yablonskaya “Bread”

Musical material: Russian folk songs: “The moon is shining,” “Oh, you canopy,” “Dance tunes,” “Millet,” “Look how it is in our workshop.” Folk song of the Kursk region “Timonya”. “We call this land our Motherland.” Words by M. Plyatskovsky, music by Y. Chichkov; N.A. Rimsky - Korsakov choir “Farewell to Maslenitsa” from the opera “The Snow Maiden”, A. Dargomyzhsky choir “Svatushka” from the opera “Rusalka”.

1) The teacher plays the melody of the song “We call this land our Motherland.”

• What's the name of the song?
• What is the song about? (About the beauty of the nature of our Motherland.)

2). Performing one verse of the song “We call this land Motherland.”

• Why did we start the lesson with this song? Theme for the quarter? (“Music of my people” and in our lessons we learn a lot of new things about Russian music).
• Then can you answer exactly what is the name of the fairy-tale hero depicted in the picture? (Emelya).<Appendix 1. Figure 1 >

You are all familiar with the fairy tale “At the behest of the pike.” Did you know that there is another fairy tale about this hero - a musical one. It tells how Emelya traveled to the city of Masters and there he became acquainted with folk musical instruments. Today in class I will tell you this fairy tale, and we will learn a lot of interesting things about the orchestra of Russian folk instruments, we will learn new musical instruments, we will hear their voices, and you yourself will become performing musicians. Only in fairy tales does someone always help the main character, but in our fairy tale you will help Emelya. The smart pike gave Emelya a magic bag containing chips. They are intended for all those children who will help Emela on the road. Let's go to a fairy tale? Magic music sounds. (Emelya decreases)

Fairy tale “Emelya’s Journey to the City of Masters”

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived Emelya. Emelya had a balalaika, but it broke: the string on it broke and the sounds did not sound accurately, not harmoniously, and he could not play a single song on it to please his soul and take away his sadness. And Emelya heard that there is such a thirtieth kingdom, the Musical State, where you can repair your instrument so that it sounds cleaner and louder, cheerfully and fervently. He asked Emelya Pike to help him. The path to this kingdom is difficult and far, so the pike gave Emelya a magic map that will lead him to the city of Masters - craftsmen in the manufacture of musical instruments. But at the same time he must pass all the tests that he will encounter along the way. Unfolded Emelya's map<Appendix 1. Figure 2 > and saw a signpost stone on the way, and on it the inscription: “If you go to the right, you’ll find a river, if you go to the left, you’ll end up in a swamp, and if you go straight, you’ll end up in Mudroye village where the wise men live." And Emelya decided to go to the village of Mudroye. The sages promised to show him the way only after he answered all their questions. But Emelya could not do this. Shall we help him guys?

Quiz.

1. Drawing, image of a buffoon.

• Who is shown in the picture? (buffoon)
• Who were called buffoons in Rus'?

2. Hook recording.

• What does the entry mean?
• Where could you hear it? (in the Temple)

3. A fragment of the work by N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov is played by the choir “Farewell to Maslenitsa”

A fragment of the work by A. Dargomyzhsky choir “Svatushka” from the opera “Rusalka” is heard.

• Which composer is the author of the sound fragment, please indicate the portrait? (A. Dargomyzhsky)

• Determine the genre of the song performed? (wedding song).

5. A melody plays folk song Kursk region “Timonya”?

• Determine the genre of the song? (round dance song)
• What are the names of the round dances of the Kursk region? (tank, karagod)
• Perform the song “Timonya”.

6. Painting by I. Repin “Barge Haulers on the Volga”

• Name the artist, the painting?
• What piece of music could sound this picture, and why?

(Russian folk song“Hey, let’s whoop!”).

• By what means did the artist convey the hard work of people? (colors, mood)

Well done boys! Thanks for the help! (For each correct answer, children receive a chip). I will continue the tale.

The sages showed Emelya the way further: “You will pass, Emelya, a water meadow, you will drive past a hundred-year-old oak tree, you will climb a hill and see Pesenny farm. That’s where you need to be.” That's what Emelya did. And on the farm new trials awaited him. People live here who love to perform songs. And they gave our hero the following task - to perform a Russian folk song (illustration) and determine its genre. Yes, the trouble is, Emelya forgot the name and words of the song. Help him, children!

1. Based on the illustration, do children determine the title and genre of the song? (Russian folk song, round dance-game “Millet”).
2. What other types of round dance songs do you know? (round dance).
3. Performing the round dance-game “Millet”. Children in groups act out the plot of the song.

Thanks guys! With your help, Emelya sang the right song and the residents of the Pesenny farm showed him the way further: “We walk along this road for two days and two nights, if you ride the stove, you will get to the city of Masters in 1 day.” But the trouble is, that road is littered with stones. It is necessary to clear the rubble, remove the stones, and this can only be done strong people. Emele, I can’t cope without you guys! Shall we help our hero?

• Plastic intonation.
Children “lift” and “throw” stones from the road. Well done boys!

So, the road is clear, along which Emelya reached the city of Masters. But the trouble is, the city gates were closed, and to open them you need to help the carpenters in the workshop at the gate.

• Performance of the song “Look how it is in our workshop”, plastic intonation.

And as soon as the song ended, the gates to the city were opened. Emelya drove into the city and what did he see and hear there? Residents of the city of Masters made new musical instruments. And, an orchestra of Russian folk instruments gathered on the square. Emel saw many instruments for the first time; he wanted to know their names and hear their sound. (Exhibition of folk musical instruments: button accordion, balalaika, domra, sopel, kugikly, etc.)

Now let's fill the space with orchestra instruments (table).<Appendix 1. Figure 3 >

1). A story about Russian folk instruments (balalaika, button accordion, flute, horn, gusli and

etc.), showing them, messages from children, creating an orchestra. (Filling out the table)

2). A story about folk instruments of the Kursk region . Kugikly – multi-barrel flute. In the Kursk region - these are five reed pipes of different lengths, not connected in any way! yourself. The performer holds them in her hands, aligning the upper ends of the pipes. The pipes differ from each other in length - exactly by width thumb performer, who is most often also a craftswoman in making kugikl. The sound of the kugikle is gentle and dull. It goes well with other wind tones: pipe, horn. This ancient instrument is still used today not only in the Kursk region, but also in the Bryansk and Kaluga regions . < Приложение 1. Рисунок 4 >

3). “Dance tunes”, “The moon is shining” - listening and distinguishing the timbres of musical instruments.

Dance is a dance without rules. They dance as the soul asks, as the legs themselves demand. It can be uncontrollable, wild, fiery, unbridled.

4). “The Moon is Shining” - performance on musical instruments, according to a rhythmic score, in an ensemble with a teacher.<Appendix 1. Figure 5 >

Emelya listened to the masters play, the Russian dance music sounded painfully beautiful - rhythmically, harmoniously, each individual timbre of the instrument merged into a single orchestral palette. Emel asked the craftsmen to repair his balalaika. Yes, the masters refused him; his balalaika cannot be repaired because... It was made a long time ago and the craftsmen have no strings for it. But for his kindness and attention, they gave Emelya a new balalaika, better than the previous one, and gave him an order: “Take care of Emelya’s musical instruments, and try to create your own folk (fantastic) instrument.

Invent and draw a fantastic instrument.

The masters escorted Emelya out and showed him the way. How long or short did Emelya drive and stop at dense forest, and behind the forest there is a bridge and a river, and there it’s not far from the house. And then Baba Yaga stood in his way: “I won’t let you out of the forest until you solve the riddle!” Let's help him, guys!

V. Test. (Appendix 2)

Thank you guys, you're great! It was only thanks to your help that Emelya completed all the tasks and returned home safely.

Tell us, guys, how did you help Emela on the road?

1) The village of Mudroye. (We answered the questions of the sages, repeating the material covered)

2) Khutor Pesenny. (We performed a round dance - the game “Millet”).

3) City of Masters.

(We got acquainted with Russian folk musical instruments, listened to their voices. We independently created our own orchestra and performed the Russian folk song “The Month Is Shining” on musical instruments).

4) Answered the riddles of Baba Yaga.

5) What order did the masters give to Emelya?

(Take care of musical instruments).

For every correct answer, you guys received chips. Count their number.

Which one of you has the most chips? Which of you was the most active in class? erudite? curious? artistic?

Thank you guys for the lesson.

Musical farewell “The bell rang.”

Literature

1. Zatyamina T.A. Modern lesson music: design methodology, scenarios, test control: educational method. manual. - M., 2007.
2. Kritskaya E.D., Sergeeva G.P., Shmagina T.S. Program “Music. 1-7 grades.” General programs educational institutions.- M., 2007.
3. Kupriyanova L.L. Russian folklore. A manual for music teachers. - M., 1996.
4. Programs of educational institutions “Music” grades 2-8. Auto count under the leadership of D.B. Kabalevsky. - M., 2006.

Russian folk orchestra

Lesson summary in 4th grade of the State Budgetary Educational Institution “SKOSHI of Mednogorsk”

Pereima M.V.

Goals:

To form in students a conscious idea of ​​the composition of the orchestra of Russian folk instruments;

Arouse interest in communicating with music performed on Russian folk instruments.

Tasks:

Educational teach to distinguish the voices of folk instruments - balalaika, button accordion, domra and others - in the sound of an orchestra of folk instruments.

Developmental develop an emotional and value-based attitude to life through Russian musical works folk art, works of Russian composers.

Educational formation of national self-awareness among students, nurturing love for the Motherland, for the native land, broadening their horizons; fostering respect for musical instruments.

Equipment:

Presentation

Audio recordings:

Collection of publishing house Musik-Baby “Favorite Melodies”

A fragment of their film “Alexander Nevsky” (new version)

Fragments-examples of the sound of instruments of a Russian folk orchestra

Lesson plan:

Org. moment. Musical greeting.

Announcing the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Updating students' knowledge on the topic of the lesson.

Explaining new material using a presentation.

Consolidating students' knowledge and skills on the material covered.

Staging homework. Summarizing.

During the classes:

1. Org. moment. Musical greeting based on motive.n.p. “There was a birch tree in the field.”

The music started again

Announcing the beginning of the lesson.

Nice to see you guys:

Both boys and girls!

Children say a chant:

We always eat with pleasure -

Don't ask us for this

Because we are all notes:

Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si!

Slide number 1.

U.- Hello my dear! The topic of today's lesson is “Russian folk instruments”. In this lesson we will summarize knowledge about Russian folk instruments and get acquainted with the history of their creation. And I would like to start our lesson with a song about Russia.

2. Performance of “My Russia” music. G. Struve, Art.Solovyova N.

Slide number 2.

3. Explanation of new material.

Slide number 3.

U.- Where are you from, Russian?

Was the music born?

Either in an open field,

Either in a hazy forest

Are you happy? In pain?

Or in a bird whistle?

Tell me where from

Do you have sadness and daring?

Whose heart did you beat in?

From the very beginning?

How did you come?

How did you sound?

The ducks flew by -

Dropped pipes.

The geese flew by -

The harp was dropped.

Sometimes they were found in the spring,

We weren't surprised.

Well, what about the song?

Born in Rus'.

G. Serebryakov

U.- The Russian people loved to sing songs "chapel", that is, without music. But no less he loved to perform them to the accompaniment of musical instruments that he himself created.

Slide number 4.

U.- And now he will tell us how this happened. “A fairy tale about how smart and useful things became musical instruments.”

That was a long time ago. They lived and lived in a small village, in a wooden hut with smart and useful things: wooden spoons, a ruble, a rattle and a horn.

Slide number 5.

They lived in a small friendly family. From early morning until late evening, smart and useful things worked tirelessly together with their owners. Wooden spoons We cooked cabbage soup and porridge in the kitchen, and then fed the whole family a delicious lunch. Rubel- helped the mistress of the house wash and iron clothes so that everyone in the family was clean and tidy. Horn- together with the owner of the house, early in the morning he drove a herd of cows and sheep into the meadow, and in the evening, with his loud voice, he called the entire herd home. Ratchet– protected gardens and orchards from uninvited birds so that they would not spoil the harvest of fruits and berries. So they all lived together, for the time being.

Slide number 6.

One day, buffoons appeared in that village. This is how wandering artists, singers and musicians were called in ancient times in Rus'. The buffoons walked down the street singing a cheerful song. The whole village gathered to watch the cheerful performance of the buffoons.

Slide number 7.

In the hands of the buffoons, musical instruments sang, rang, strummed and played. Among them were harp, balalaika and domra.

Smart and useful things remained at home, but even to them the sounds of lively music and cheerful songs of buffoons who amused the people could be heard.

Soon evening came, and the buffoons asked to spend the night with the owners of the very hut in which smart and useful things lived. After dinner, when the guests and hosts fell asleep, things decided to talk to musical instruments. “How do you live with your buffoon masters?” - the wooden spoons asked the musical instruments. “Life is fun,” answered the balalaika, a cheerful chatterbox. “We go everywhere, entertaining people with our sonorous songs.” “And we have never been further than our village,” responded the rattle and ruble.

Here the harp entered the conversation. “They love us in Rus' for our songs and cheerful dances. Everywhere they meet and greet you. We bring joy to people with our music.” "Oh!" - exclaimed the horn. “How we would also like to bring joy to all people.” “So let's travel around the world with us. Together we have even more fun yes better music it will begin to sound,” suggested the gusli and balalaika.

Slide number 8.

So they decided to turn smart and useful things into musical instruments, so as not only to bring benefits to people, but also to give them joy.

Since then, they have been traveling together as a big happy family. And their family began to be called - Russian folk music orchestratools. For a long time now, neither that village, nor the wooden hut, nor the buffoons have been in the world, but the music performed by Russian folk instruments continues to sound and bring joy to everyone who hears it.

Slide number 9.

U.- Eh, folk orchestra,
Razdolno - round dance!
If a dance starts -
I'll dance with everyone
If the song is sad -
I will feel sadness in my soul!
Then he cries
Then he laughs -
Does it to us
Whatever he wants.

U.- All instruments of the Russian folk orchestra can be divided into four groups.

Slide number 10.

U. -Stringed instruments. Why are they called that?

D.- These instruments are called string instruments because... Their sound is produced by plucking the strings.

U.–D ear instruments. Why were they given this name?

D.- They are called wind instruments because sound is produced by blowing air out of them.

U.- What instruments will sound if you hit or shake them?

D.- These are percussion instruments.

U.- The Russian folk orchestra also has keyboards and wind instruments.

U.- And now I’ll tell you riddles about the instruments of the Russian folk orchestra and we’ll hear how they sound.

Slide number 12.

Slide number 14.

U.- Accordion is the smallest manual type of pneumatic reed instrument. Came to Russia in 30 of the last century. Bayan came from a large family of accordions. And it was created by master Pyotr Sterligov, an accordion maker. Yes, the instrument turned out to be so dexterous and sonorous that it went for a walk all over Russia.

U.- I see you are all musicians, unique talents

here's for you kids musical game.

4. Game “Orchestra” (physical exercises).

1.We created an orchestra
And the forest animals were called:
- Come visit us.
We are very glad to have guests!

2. The bunnies galloped up,
We took balalaikas.
Voiced balalaikas -
The musicians are clever.

3. Waxwings have arrived
They gave us pipes,
And the pipes are not simple,
The sounds flow golden.

4. And stubborn sheep
Everything was beating on the drums.
Their curly sheep.
Tambourines were played on the porch.

5. Even small midges
We played the harmonica
Played the harmonica
For the cheerful Antoshka.

6. Clubfoot bear -
Our forest brother.
He didn't know how to play
I wanted to conduct.

7. No one was offended
We invited everyone to our place.
Look at us -
Our orchestra is simply CLASS!

Now let's play a game “Who is the most attentive?” Now you will be presented with a video clip from the movie. According to the plot, you will find yourself at a wedding feast. And what would a feast be without songs and dances accompanied by folk musical instruments? What musical instruments did you recognize, you will be able to name after finishing watching.

Slide number 15.

(Children name the musical instruments they saw in the film fragment.)

U.– Well done, everyone was very attentive, but you couldn’t name some instruments. These are very ancient instruments. Currently, we can only see them in museums or in ancient engravings. These are wing-shaped harps and a whistle.

Slide number 16.

U.- And here’s another riddle:

Who's not polite?

Has your back been turned to us?

Started waving his arms

Right in the hall in front of us.

He is not accustomed to order

Or doing exercises?

Who does the orchestra and choir sound with?

We know this... (CONDUCTOR)

Slide number 17.

U.- The most important member of the orchestra is the conductor. The orchestra performs music under his direction. The interpretation of the work, the coherence of the playing of the orchestra players and the tempo of the performance of the work depend on the waves of the conductor's baton. The conductor stands in front of the orchestra so that all the orchestra members can see him. With the movement of his hands and facial expressions, the conductor tells the musicians how they should play this or that musical episode, where they should play quietly and where loudly, and the orchestra plays exactly that way, where they need to play faster and where slower, and again the orchestra does everything as the conductor wants.

Slide number 18.

U.- Now look at the diagram and see what places various folk instruments occupy in the orchestra. What instruments are there in greatest number?

D.-Strings.

U.- And why?

D.– Because they have very thin voices and this way you can hear their playing better.

U.- In the orchestra stringed instruments live with whole families. And each instrument has its own unique voice-timbre.

Slide number 19.

U.- And our fairy tale continues.

It took a while before they learned the musical intricacies of the ruble, spoons, rattle and horn in the orchestra. They learned that all the instruments in the orchestra spoke special language. And that language is called - orchestral score.

If a musical instrument does not learn to speak and understand this language, then the music will not turn out beautiful and harmonious. We can see this for ourselves!

5. Performance of a rhythmic score. Game "Let's Play in the Orchestra"

Students are provided with noise instruments.

U. - Try playing your instruments. Listen to how their voices sound.

(Children play the instrument one at a time, then all at the same time).

U. - Each instrument in the orchestra has its own melody. If a musician plays his melody exactly according to the orchestral score, then he will not interfere with the other musicians. Combining together, all the melodies will create beauty and harmony in the music. See what the score looks like in the recording. And let's try to lose all these games.

Slide number 20.

(Children play musical noise instruments according to the rhythmic score).

U.- Well, guys, did you like my fairy tale?

(Children's answers).

U.- Which orchestra did we meet today?

D.– With an orchestra of Russian folk instruments. U.- Very often behind events
And behind the bustle of days.
We don’t remember our antiquity,
We forget about her.

It is very important to know the history of your homeland. Remember, love and respect the traditions of your people. After all, it depends on each of us what country we will live in: strong or weak, good or evil, beautiful or not. Now each of you can declare your love for Russia. Let's all sing the song “Rosinochka-Russia” together

6. Performance of E. Zaritskaya’s song “Rosinochka-Russia”.

Slide number 21.

(Children perform the song “Rosinochka-Russia”).

7. Homework.

U.- Find images of Russian folk orchestra instruments in the picture and color them.

Slide number 22.

8. Summing up:

U.– Today we learned a lot of new things about Russian folk instruments. This knowledge will be useful to us to understand the language of music even better. Today all the guys worked excellently. In the next lesson we will continue to talk about the folk orchestra. And at the end of the lesson I want to say: “Listen to music and be healthy!”