Drawing geometric shapes. How to draw a woman's body in clothes with a pencil? Errors when depicting the human figure

Hello, dear friends!

Today we will continue the topic of drawing the human figure, and in this lesson we will study proportions. In this lesson we will learn how to learn to draw a person step by step with a pencil in full height . In order for the following information to really be useful to you, I suggest you prepare a sheet of paper and a pencil and immediately draw with me.

First of all, it is necessary to clarify: we will consider, and also learn how to build and draw a figure tall man with ideal academic proportions. The figures of most people have their own characteristics, sometimes very far from the standard ones, nevertheless, they are all interesting and beautiful in their own way. In order to learn how to correctly display in a drawing characteristics each person's figure is individual, first you need to remember the ratios and proportions in their ideal version.

If you've never drawn full-length people, start simple:

• First, try to build several proportional skeletons, so that the arms, legs, palms, pelvis, knees and other parts are in place.
• Next, dress the human body on these frames, perhaps in a very simplified version, without muscle relief. You can dress your character in simple clothes.
• From such a skeleton you can make a man or a woman, a fat or thin person, everything will be in place. Train!
• If everything works out well, try showing the muscles of your arms, legs, and torso.

The height from the top of the head to the line of the nose is equal to the size of the palm. This is a very important measurement, mark it for yourself, it will come in handy more than once today.

Torso and pelvis

In order to find important key points of the chest and pelvis, we need to mark the size of the palm height somewhere in the corner of the drawing; now we especially need it.

Hands

In order to correctly draw the human figure, it is important to understand the proportions of the arms, elbows, forearm, collarbone and hand.

These are guidelines that almost always coincide with everyone.

Scheme

If it is still too difficult to cope with these measurements and proportions, try printing this image with ready-made markings and practice drawing a person according to this scheme.

I hope this makes things easier and helps you.

Video

In this lesson we have dealt with the basic proportions of the human body and after some training you will be able to draw a full-length human figure without preliminary markings, marking only the main landmarks.

The question of how to draw a person step by step for beginners occupies absolutely everyone who has picked up a pencil. A beginning artist is often disappointed when he sees the results of his own efforts. They usually diverge greatly from what we really wanted to achieve. Many people at this stage give up trying to learn how to draw correctly. However, if you still have not abandoned your intention, you need to change your approach to business. The popular question of how to draw a full-length person must be answered on a systematic basis. In drawing, the most important thing is step-by-step and consistency. For many this will sound very unexpected, but before you draw anything, you need to think carefully. Well, this is quite difficult subject, as a human figure, this applies above all.

Convincing drawing

Each drawing begins with a competent layout, that is, placing the future picture on a plane. This is done with light pencil strokes, which indicate extreme points the figure being drawn. In each drawing it is necessary to highlight a certain compositional semantic center. One of the key rules of composition is that this composition center should not coincide with the geometric one. The drawing on the plane should occupy approximately three-quarters of the surface, while leaving free space at the edges. Further, in order for a person to look convincing, his figure must be constructed in strict compliance with the laws and proportions of anatomy. And what is also important, she must stand firmly on her feet, or sit on some kind of support - so that this does not violate the laws of balance in any way. Proportions human figure vary depending on age. In an adult, the head occupies approximately one-seventh of the height.

How to draw a figure

Experienced artists have been working on this for many years. In modern art universities plastic anatomy is studied in detail. Her course is tailored for artists. When studying it, they carefully study all the muscles and bones in the human body, their interaction and articulation. Such skills and knowledge are needed to properly build the human figure. True, when faced with the task of depicting a person in full height for the first time, it will be enough to correctly take the proportional relationships between all in separate parts body to figure in general. And also understand the general structural basis of the muscular system and skeleton. When constructing the torso of a human figure, it is necessary to outline center lines, hip and shoulder girdle, various joints. When making a figure, first of all remember balance. The figure must stand firmly on its feet. To ensure this requirement, many artists have a proven technique - a vertical line from the jugular cavity (a small depression between the collarbones under the human chin), drawn onto the plane, should not go beyond the plane of the feet. And then the most important thing is to carefully check the proportions of the limbs, head and torso, and build the entire figure step by step.

Generalization of the drawing

When making a construction and working on various details, it is important to stop in time and observe the measure. From the analysis of individual details, it is necessary to gradually move on to a generalization of the figure as a whole. This is usually done with sweeping, wide strokes. Nudity should not be depicted often. However, basic knowledge plastic anatomy the artist needs them in any case. Without them, it is simply impossible to correctly figure out how to draw a dressed person. When depicting a figure in a certain spatial perspective, one must see and imagine it through and through. In particular, it is necessary to pay attention to the patterns by which folds on clothing are formed. This is extremely important element in figure drawing. They can emphasize movement or stability. Having outlined general outlines, gradually give all the details volume. Model the shape with chiaroscuro. Much attention When constructing, it is necessary to pay attention to shading. The stroke is the most important element in the arsenal of any graphic artist. Much depends on the force of its pressure, direction and length. The culture of shading is always developed gradually.

Perspective

Competent construction of any spatial figure, including a person, on a plane is simply impossible without understanding all the laws linear perspective. You need to understand it and understand that all parallel planes and lines have a vanishing point on the horizon. There are no parallel planes in the human figure, but she easily fits into them. Perspective construction the figure must be performed only after its position relative to the horizon is understood. The horizon line should be the first in the drawing.

Step by step example

Do you want to learn how to draw a full-length person step by step? We have prepared this lesson for you. We will draw a person with a pencil and in clothes. This guy is wearing a shirt and jeans.

We begin to draw a full-length person step by step.
To begin with, let's conduct vertical line on a piece of paper, leaving some space at the top and bottom. If a man's head and legs rest against the edges of the sheet, it will not be beautiful. According to the rules of composition, it is necessary to leave space around the figure. Now divide the vertical line into 6 equal segments and make another small segment at the bottom. Here, in the future, we will draw our guy's shoes. Why do we divide a straight line into so many segments? The fact is that the height of an average person fits approximately 6-7 heads. Since we want to draw proportional person, we will need these marks.

Now we have the lines of the shoulders and pelvis. Thus, we have outlined the approximate location of the shoulder and hip joints. Pay attention to which specific segment they are depicted on. If you make a mistake here, the person will end up disproportionate. The joints on the right are located slightly further from the center line than the left. Why? The fact is that our person’s posture is quite relaxed. He's out of line. Therefore, the figure will not be perfectly symmetrical. You may have noticed that we have almost no room left for the neck: the man we are drawing tilted his head forward slightly, thereby covering his neck.

We mark the places where our knees and elbows are. Again, don’t forget to pay attention to where these circles are located relative to our small segments and relative to the center line. We depict circles and ankle joints. As you can guess from the name, these are the joints that connect the foot and lower leg. Connect the circles with lines. A man will keep his hands in his jeans pockets. Therefore, we draw lines from the elbows to the pelvis. If you still have difficulty drawing fingers, then you can simplify the drawing by making your hands invisible, as in this case.

Next we use temporary construction lines. Now, using the eraser, we erase these lines. More precisely, we make them less noticeable so that they are not so noticeable. At the end of drawing, you will need to erase them completely, but for now we need these lines in order to better navigate the drawing. We begin to mark the contours of the body - torso, legs, top line of trousers. We suggest at this stage to outline the line of the eyes, the chin, as well as the border of hair growth - the place where the forehead ends and the hairstyle begins. Let's outline the neck with you. When drawing, focus on the midline of the body and our construction lines. Look carefully at what distance from the midline the right side of the neck is, and at what distance the left side is.

We continue to draw the human body in full height. Now we add the outlines of the arms and boots. On the face we mark the lines of the nose and lips. Draw a man's ear. In order to draw the ear in the right place, be guided by the line of the eyes and the midline of the body.

At this stage, some elements of clothing begin to appear - pockets on jeans, a belt.

To depict a person in clothes, it is worth remembering that the fabric always forms folds. Our man is dressed in modern clothes. We begin to draw folds on the jeans. We depict the details of the belt and the collar of the shirt. Hands hidden in pockets. However, thumbs looking outside. You need to draw them. We also mark with curved lines the place where the jeans end - the length of the trousers.

At this stage, the drawing becomes more and more attractive due to the drawing of details - folds on the shirt and jeans. On the shirt, folds form at the elbows, on the sleeves, as well as above the belt and a little on the chest. On jeans, the folds are clearly visible at the knees, as well as at the bottom of the legs. Please note that the fabric does not wrinkle randomly. The fold pattern has a certain rhythm. Try to draw it believably. Draw the soles of the shoes. All these little details will make your drawing more interesting. In order for the drawing to turn out beautiful, you need to pay attention to the elements of clothing and shoes.

Now we can finally completely erase the construction lines on the human body. Your drawing should now look something like this. Let's continue with the details. Any jeans have a characteristic facing - the edges of such trousers are hemmed in a special way: pay attention to double line along the line of pockets and along the bottom. And buttons appeared on the shirt.

How to draw a guy in full height? Of course, you should pay attention to his face and hairstyle. Let's make the lower jaw a little square - this will add masculinity to the guy's image. Let's draw the outline of the head. In a man Wavy hair. However, nothing prevents you from making him bald or with a different hairstyle.

It's time to draw the face. We outlined the lines of the eyes, nose and lips. Important note: all these lines must be parallel to each other. Otherwise, the face will turn out slanted and crooked. In order to emphasize a smile, you need to draw folds from the wings of the nose to the corners of the lips. To add liveliness to the eyes, you need to leave small white highlights next to the pupils. Don't forget about eyebrows - they make your face more expressive. Add a couple or three curved lines into the hairstyle so that the hair does not look boring.

That's all. You have read to the end the lesson on how to draw a full-length person. We got a nice young man. Try it. We believe that everything will work out for you too!

Instructions

Draw a vertical line on a piece of paper top point which coincides with the crown person, and the lower one - with feet. Divide this line into eight parts - each part is equal to the height of the head person.

The widest part of the figure is equal to two whole and one third of the width of the head. Using the created auxiliary marks as guide lines, begin the shape person, taking into account all the relationships of body parts.

The waist should always be slightly wider than the head, and the elbows should be in line with the navel. Place the lower edge of the knees at a distance of one quarter of the figure from the point of the feet, and draw the shoulders at a distance of one sixth from the point of the top of the head.

Place your belly button below waist level on your figure and place your elbows just above your belly button. All these points make the female figure distinguishable from. Try the woman's figure from different angles - front, back and side. This will allow you to get the most adequate idea of ​​proportions and their combinations.

Sources:

• Human head proportions

Drawing a female body requires special attention and proportions. It is not enough to draw beautifully, it is important to do it correctly. However, no matter how difficult this process may seem, it is quite possible to learn, just follow the instructions and gain some experience.

You will need

• Pencil, paper, model

Instructions

With the body, maintain proportionality. As a result, its shape should resemble hourglass. Give your shoulders and hips a rounded look and your waist an elegant edge. Make all lines smooth and natural. Perform the convex bend of the body up to the breast line and the concave bend in the area diagonally. When drawing the hips, make them inner part flatter than the outer part.

Display shoulders with a smooth slope. Make the lines of the arms soft and prominent, trying to accurately depict the structure of the muscles. Change the thickness of your hand along its entire length. Narrow it down and then expand it again.

Upper part Draw the legs as thick and rounded, narrowing closer to the knee. Make the muscles on your shins and calves protruding.

note

Avoid flatness of the image, its averageness. Pay special attention to the structural appearance of the elbows and knees.

Helpful advice

To simplify the process of drawing arms and legs, first make a skeletal diagram of them from ovals, and then outline its outline, detailing all the bends and dimples. To create a diagram, use ovals rather than cylinders. This will help convey it more clearly and correctly real form thighs, shins, forearms. Convey muscle relief using light and shade.

Sources:

• Artist recommendations in 2019

To draw the feminine believably body, you need to maintain proportions and be very careful. After all, you need to draw not just beautifully, but also correctly. And yet, no matter how difficult this process may seem, learning to draw the feminine body quite possible. The main thing is to follow the instructions and practice a little beforehand.

You will need

• - a simple pencil;
• - a sheet of A4 paper;
• - eraser.

Instructions

When depicting the body, try to maintain proportionality. Schematically, it should resemble an hourglass in its shape. Give roundness to the shoulders and hips, and elegant sophistication to the waist. Try to make all lines smooth, soft and natural. Perform the concave bend of the body in the abdominal area and the convex bend to the chest line diagonally. When depicting the hips, make their inner part flatter than the outer part.

The shoulders should be displayed with a smooth slope, and the lines of the arms should be soft and prominent. Try to depict the muscle structure as accurately as possible, but just don’t overdo it. Still draw it body, but not . Vary the thickness of each arm throughout. Slightly narrow it towards the elbow, then widen it again and narrow it again towards the hand.

note

Avoid averageness and flatness of the image; on the contrary, try to make it three-dimensional, three-dimensional. Pay attention Special attention structural mapping of the knees and elbows.

Helpful advice

To simplify the process of depicting limbs, first draw them schematically, from ovals, then outline the contours, detail all the bends and muscles, and after that remove unnecessary lines using an eraser. And the relief of the muscles can be highlighted using chiaroscuro and shading.

A person is one of the most interesting objects to draw, so a novice artist definitely needs to learn how to depict him. You should start by studying standard proportions. Using this knowledge, you will be able to believably portray any person, regardless of the characteristics of his figure and face.

Instructions

Explore theoretical basis question. There are standard proportions of the human body, which vary depending on the specific figure person. To construct a standard human body, draw a vertical axis. Divide it into 8 equal segments. On the first segment from above, draw the head, outline it as an oval, and then expand the upper half of the skull.

Measure 4 more segments down - the groin area is located at this level person. If you go a third of the way up, you will find the fingertip level. Consider the fact that even in a relaxed state, the human hand is slightly bent.

From the bottom point of the vertical axis, rise two segments and mark the location of the knees. By determining the proportional relationship of all parts of the body, you can more clearly work out their shape.

To learn to draw figure in different poses, try modifying the sketch consisting of only lines. Bend and straighten body parts while maintaining their original size.

When drawing bent parts of the body, you need to take into account the peculiarities of the work of various muscles. A minimal knowledge of anatomy will be useful to you if you want to draw people perfectly correctly.

After the outlines of the figure are constructed, you will need to give the object volume. To do this, it is worth taking into account the peculiarities of light distribution on surfaces of different shapes and textures. You also need to study the characteristics of the material you are working with. For example, to achieve a natural skin tone in a drawing, watercolors, pastels and oils must be mixed and applied differently.

The perception of the drawing will be influenced not only by how the body is drawn, but also by the image of the clothing. Carefully design all draperies, taking into account the shape of the body under the fabric and the softness or hardness of the fabric itself - then the image will be realistic.

IN colloquial speech Shoulder usually means the distance from the neck to the shoulder joint. However, the more precise meaning of the term refers to the section of the arm from this joint to the elbow. It is surrounded by a lot of muscles. If you want to learn how to draw a person realistically, study and sketch this part of the body.

You will need

• - paper;
• - pencil;
• - eraser;
• - watercolor;
• - palette;
• - brushes.

Instructions

Draw the axes on which the drawing will be built. Using segments you can roughly depict the bones of the hand, around which you need to draw a shape. Using sighting, measure the proportional relationship of all parts of the arm and torso, record the results in the drawing.

Approximate outlines outline the outlines of the left hand. The thickness of the arm at the base of the shoulder is half the length of the humerus. Towards the elbow, the arm gradually narrows.

Divide the length of your arm to the elbow in half. The upper half is occupied by the deltoid muscle. It is clearly visible in the photograph. Draw its shape, reminiscent of a triangle. Make the upper part of the muscle more convex - it should protrude beyond the shoulder joint and, as it were, cover it.

Step back from the top of the triangle by about a quarter of its length. The biceps brachii muscle overlaps here. Since it is not tense, the hand in this place has a smooth, rounded shape. The muscle on the underside of the arm looks the same. Draw it a little more convex at the base.

To convey the volume of an object, shade it or fill it with paint. Softer contours and smooth transitions The colors will work if you choose watercolor or acrylic. Mix shades of sepia, red, yellow, brick in the palette in such proportions to create the skin color. Make a few servings mixed colors different saturation. Paint the lightest areas first - near the elbow and along the left side of the deltoid muscle.

This method is by no means the best, much less the fastest, but from the point of view of most artists it is correct. He slowly but surely helps you draw a person with a pencil step by step.
At the end of the article you can watch the video About,
This method of drawing is aimed at stimulating the imagination and forming an idea of ​​the human body in three-dimensional space; it is well suited for beginners and for people who are diligent and patient.
Almost all beginning draftsmen begin drawing a human figure from the head, thereby making a serious mistake. And they are quite surprised when, as a result, it turns out that there is absolutely no room left on the paper for the feet - this method will save you from such an unpleasant situation.

Let's consider perfect proportions human body:

So head in people tall fits along the length of the body 8 times, in people of average height – 7.5 times, in people of short stature - 6-7 times.
Head fits 2.5 times the length of the body, in leg length – 3-4 times.
Stretched along the body hand should concern mid thigh.
Shoulder width in an adult male it is usually equal two head lengths and more than hip width.
Thigh length corresponds length of the lower leg with the foot, A lower leg - two foot lengths.
Female figure unlike men's, it has a lower average height and shorter limbs.
Hip Width women usually have more shoulder width.
A woman's head is relatively and absolutely smaller than a man's.

Schematic representation of a person:

Every child knows the song from the cartoon "Octopussy": "Stick, stick, cucumber, it turned out to be a little man..."
And don't underestimate this phrase.
Schematic people display very important characteristic- proportions of body parts. And in order to avoid logical discord in our stick-shaped men, it is necessary to observe the so-called “ artistic canon».
Now let's take a closer look at our sketchy people:

Sketchy Man No. 1
Everyone has drawn such a man at least once in their life.
This is the so-called basic man.
But there's not much you can do about it.
Just practice maintaining the proportions of the head, torso, arms and legs.


Schematic Man No. 2
Here the proportions of the forearm, thigh, lower leg and foot are additionally outlined.


Schematic man No. 3
The perfect stick man!
I'm sure you've hardly seen any child draw a little man exactly like that.
The shoulders and pelvis of this figure already have a certain width.

Exercise:
In order to understand how accurately you observe proportions in your works, draw a few schematic people.
Thus, simply and quickly, without being distracted by details (clothes, hair, etc.), you can assess how well you know the proportions of the human body.
In addition, you can immediately determine whether the figure will fit on the sheet.

I think now you understand how important it is to master proportions. And what an important role in future picture played by sketchy men.

Human Pose:

It's time to revive and make our hero do something. So before you start working on a character, with the help of schematic drawings you can try out many poses and choose one.
Below are some examples of the stick figures in action.

The picture shows a man walking.
Notice the movement of the hip joints. Typically, the shoulders move in the opposite direction.

A person lies on his side with support on one arm. Thus, the chest “hangs” on the shoulder and the spine, bending, draws a curved line.

In order to draw the human body, you need to know the features of its structure.

The skeleton is the basis

head
rib cage
spine
pelvis
joints
hands
brushes
legs
feet

Notice the curve of the spine
(to make it easier to see, we won’t draw the hand).

The skeleton can be drawn in a simplified form:

Having an idea about the structural features of the skeleton, moving on to muscle and/or fat , if we get lucky…).
We will use all sorts of shapes to display body parts: cylinders, ellipses, etc.

Now you can clearly evaluate

The whole process from sketching (creating a schematic man) to three-dimensional drawing based on a schematic drawing:

This method will also help you work with details. For example, in drawing the hands and feet:

That's all!
main idea this lesson - important for drawing the right basis.
And to achieve this goal, it is necessary to discard everything unnecessary and present it in schematic form.
And the sketchy people will help you with this!
The main advantage of this method is that you can easily and quickly try on many poses for your character.
Choose the most suitable pose and decide on the composition at the first stage.
This article is suitable for those who want to learn how to draw a full-length person or, in general, how to draw with a pencil step by step
Thank you for your attention.

This method is just a tool to help you draw the human figure. This method does not claim to be the best and fastest. The purpose of this drawing method is to determine the shape of a person in three-dimensional space.
Classic animation (and Disney in particular) uses a similar way of developing characters.
Using this method will help you get your ideas down on paper.

Pose
Basic anatomy

Stick figures...

Wait, don't go! Drawing stick figures can be simple... but when... last time, You drew them well...
Do not underestimate the capabilities of such figures and the possibility of using them on initial stage.
First of all, they represent a very important element of any object you draw: size proportions. Everyone knows that dimensions determine almost everything in a drawing. Too short a leg or too big a nose can ruin the impression of any, even the best drawing.
Let's look at the stick figures. They have differences in details, but the essence is the same. We'll look at the details later. First, let's look at the proportions of the standing figure.

Stick figure 1. This is the main figure. You see the head, torso, arms and legs. You can't do much with it other than practice with the proportions of the figure's parts.

Stick figure 2.
You can experiment with this little man, determining the proportions of the arms and legs.

Language of the body
Stick figures again.

Now that you know how important it is to determine proportions, we move on to creating poses using the same figures. It’s easier to say: decide what your hero does?
When playing with people, you can experiment with poses before you start drawing the desired pose for the drawing. Yes..., an unassuming little man will help you plan your masterpiece.

People in motion.
Here are some examples of using stick figures to define poses.

Spear throw.

I think this one is dancing...

This one is running...
You see some shift in the position of the pelvis and shoulders because we are looking at it from the outside.

Gladiator
Again some reduction in size (hand with sword). Note the rotation of the body: a very natural position, especially when turning in an effort to see something.

Sadness or searching for contact lenses...

Slacker
Another example of torso curvature. Shoulders and hips are directed at an angle.

At the same time an impossible or extremely uncomfortable position.
Anyway, it looks stupid

Balance When you determine a pose, you should pay attention to the center of gravity. It is located in the lower abdomen of a person, slightly above the perineum. The weight of your legs makes up almost half of your total weight.
The position of the center of gravity in relation to the “rest points” of the body indicates the balance of the body. The following examples demonstrate this.

Red circle - center of gravity
Red arrow – direction of gravity
Green arrow - rest points

Standard gait
As you can see, the center of gravity lies between two rest points. This is a balanced pose.

Movement and action
The body is a flexible and mobile system, influenced by the center of gravity. It has no natural solid position.

The first picture shows a little man walking. Notice how the pelvic joints move due to gravity. Shoulder movement usually occurs in reverse side from the movement of the pelvic joints.

The second image shows a person lying down (side view), leaning on one arm. This forces the rest of the body to hang on the free shoulder. Also, since the spine has some flexibility, it may be slightly bent.

At the base of the body, of course, lies the skeleton. We've already seen some of this in the stick figure system. Now we will look at the details. Human body consists of the following parts:

head (black)
ribs (blue)
spine (blue)
basin (blue)
connections (red)
hands (green)
palms (green)
legs (green)
]feet (green)

Front view

Pay attention to the spine (arms are not included as the focus is on the spine).

Body building

Armed with knowledge of the skeletal structure, we can now continue to work on the attachment of “external material”: muscle or fat. To represent these parts we will use ellipses, cylinders and other shapes.
You choose the shape that is most similar to the part you want to draw.

Can't we now continue to draw the real body? Of course we can. But, still, it is better to use stick figures so that at the initial stage you do not get distracted by extraneous details, and focus on the correct proportions, balance and pose.

Three-dimensional representation of body parts.
Red lines are connection lines.