Old Russian surnames. Slavic names, surnames
Surnames Slavic peoples sometimes it is difficult to divide into “national apartments”, although Lately they are trying to do this in Ukraine. For many centuries the so-called writing people strived for Slavic unity. They studied from the same books in both Russia and Serbia. The Kiev monk Pamvo Berynda, who created a wonderful lexicon, believed that he was writing in a “romantic” language (that is, Russian), although his own language by that time he was already Ukrainian. The famous lexicographer Vladimir Ivanovich Dal included words from all East Slavic languages in his dictionary, without dividing them into Ukrainian and Belarusian, but only noting “western”, “southern” (East Slavic).
Moreover, all this applies to surnames. After all, people do not sit still; in the history of our homeland there were mass migrations and relocations individuals, and marriages between representatives different branches Slavism. It is especially difficult to determine the linguistic affiliation of the surnames of people in the Smolensk region, in Belarus, in Western Ukraine, where Orthodoxy and Catholicism met, where there were significant Polish penetrations, and in some parts of this zone, at one time, documentation was carried out in Polish language.
The most clearly Polish (and Belarusian) elements are felt in surnames that include a combination of letters dz, dl, partially - LOL. For example, Belarusian surname Dzyanisau corresponds to Russian Denisov and this is how it is written in Russian. Polish surname Dzeshuk formed on behalf of Dzesh, derived from Dzieslaw(a two-part name formed from the stem of the verb do(Xia) + component glory) with suffix -uk, indicating to them that Dzeshuk- the son of a man named Dzesh.
Polish surname Orzhekhovskaya corresponds to Russian Orekhovskaya , Grzhibovskaya - Gribovskaya. Since these last names end in - Skye, they do not come directly from words mushroom or nut, but, most likely, are formed from the names of places with such bases.
Polish surname Szydlo corresponds to Ukrainian Awl, Polish Sverdlov- Russian Sverlov.
Polish surname Dzenzelyuk derived from a name or nickname Dzendzel, coming from the word zenzol- woodpecker Breaking away from the original word, surnames develop dozens of similar variants. Surnames go back to the same basis Dzenzelovsky , Dzenzelevsky(with the transformation of the second dz V h) and mentioned by the author of the letter, Elena Dzenzelyuk, Ukrainianized surname Dzynzyruk .
Polish-Belarusian surname Golodyuk derived from the word hunger(Polish glud). Polish dictionary surnames compiled by Professor Kazimierz Rymut (this is a modern Polish pronunciation name, which is traditionally written in Russian Kazimir), along with the forms Glud And Glod also lists names Hunger, Hunger, Hunger. Form Golodyuk indicates that the bearer of this surname is a descendant of a person with the surname Hunger.
Murienko derived from nickname Mury(Ukrainian Murii), which a person could get from the color of his hair. V. I. Dal explains: mury(about the fur of cows and dogs) - reddish-brown with a black wave, dark motley. In the Ukrainian-Belarusian dictionary of V.P. Lemtyugova, these meanings of the adjective are confirmed and the addition is made - “with a red, dark face.” Surname Murienko indicates that its bearer is a descendant of a person with the nickname Murii. Suffix -enko, more widespread in the eastern part of Ukraine than in the western part, is similar to the Russian patronymic suffix -ovich/-evich. Compare in fairy tales: Russian Ivan Tsarevich corresponds to Ukrainian Ivan Tsarenko.
Ukrainian-South Russian surname Kvitun derived from the verb get even- to pay off, to avenge an insult, to pay a debt; -un- suffix of the person's name, as in screamer, squeaker, talker. With the same basis there is Polish surnames: Quit, Kvitash, Quiten, Kvitko.
Surname Sitar, most likely Czech. It was formed from a nickname by profession: sitar- one who makes sieves.
Very interesting surname Kuts, which can be matched with words different languages. I always perceived it as coming from short adjective kuts, corresponding full form scanty. But the semantics of this word “short-tailed, tailless, short-haired” is far from any characteristic of a person. True, in the XVII-XVIII centuries. a short dress or a short caftan was called a “German dress” in contrast to Russian long-skirted caftans, and there was also an expression: a short captain of a plucked team (according to V.I. Dahl), but this does not explain the surname formed from short form adjective
Surname Kuts is in Polish. It is formed from the same word, which has developed some other meanings there. For example, verb cut- squatting, which indicates short stature. So the nickname Kuts a short person could get it. In a word kuts Poles call a small horse, including a pony.
Lastly, last name Kuts May be German origin, as formed from one of the many derivatives of the name Conrad. Last name of the same origin Kunz.
Surname What - Greek origin. In Greek kako Means evil, damage, loss, misfortune; cacos- bad, evil, no good, compare the word cacophony- bad sounds, bad sound. The surname could be formed from the name given “from the evil eye.”
It is not so easy to answer the question of when Russians got surnames. The fact is that surnames in Rus' were formed mainly from patronymics, nicknames or family names, and this process was gradual.
Novgorod surnames
It is believed that the first in Rus' to bear surnames were citizens of Veliky Novgorod, which was then a republic, as well as residents of the Novgorod possessions, which stretched throughout the north from the Baltic to the Urals. This supposedly happened in the 13th century.
Thus, in the chronicle for 1240 the names of the Novgorodians who fell in the Battle of Neva are mentioned: “Kostyantin Lugotinits, Guryata Pineshchinich.” In the chronicle of 1268, the names of “Tverdislav Chermny, Nikifor Radyatinich, Tverdislav Moisievich, Mikhail Krivtsevich, Boris Ildyatinich... Vasil Voiborzovich, Zhiroslav Dorogomilovich, Poroman Podvoisky” are found. In 1270, as the chronicler reports, Prince Vasily Yaroslavich went on a campaign against the Tatars, taking with him “Petril Rychag and Mikhail Pineshchinich.”
As we can see, these surnames bore little resemblance to modern ones and were formed, most likely, by patronymics, family or baptismal names, nicknames or place of residence.
Originally from the North
Perhaps the most ancient surnames should still be considered surnames ending with the suffixes -ih and -ih. According to experts, they appeared at the turn of the century I-II millennia and originated primarily from family nicknames. For example, members of one family could be given nicknames such as Short, White, Red, Black, and their descendants were called in the genitive or prepositional case: “Whose will you be?” - “Short, White, Red, Black.” Doctor philological sciences A.V. Superanskaya writes: “The head of the family is called Golden, the whole family is called Golden. A native or descendants of a family in the next generation are Golden.”
Historians suggest that these surnames were born in the north, and subsequently spread to the central regions of Rus' and the Urals. Many such surnames are found among Siberians: this was associated with the beginning of the conquest of Siberia in the second half XVI century. By the way, according to the rules of the Russian language, such surnames are not declined.
Surnames from Slavic names and nicknames
There were also surnames that arose from Old Russian secular names. For example, from the Slavic proper names Zhdan and Lyubim, the surnames Zhdanov and Lyubimov later evolved. Many surnames are formed from the so-called “protective” names: it was believed that if you give a baby a name with a negative connotation, it will scare him away dark forces and failures. So from the nicknames Nekras, Dur, Chertan, Zloba, Neustroy, Golod came the surnames Nekrasov, Durov, Chertanov, Zlobin, Neustroyev, Golodov.
Noble names
Only later, in the XIV-XV centuries, surnames began to appear among princes and boyars. Most often, they were formed from the name of the inheritance owned by a prince or boyar, and subsequently passed on to his descendants: Shuisky, Vorotynsky, Obolensky, Vyazemsky. Some of the noble families came from nicknames: Gagarins, Hunchbacks, Glazatyes, Lykovs, Scriabins. Sometimes the surname combined the name of the inheritance with a nickname, such as Lobanov-Rostovsky. One of the most ancient noble families - Golitsyn - originates from old word"golitsy" ("galitsy"), meaning leather mittens used in various works. Another ancient one noble surname- Morozov. The first to wear it was Misha Prushanin, who especially distinguished himself in 1240 in the battle with the Swedes: his name was glorified in the Life of Alexander Nevsky. This family also became known thanks to the famous schismatic - boyar Fedosya Morozova.
Merchant names
In the 18th-19th centuries, service people, clergy and merchants began to bear surnames. However, the richest merchants acquired surnames even earlier, in the 15th-16th centuries. These were mainly, again, residents of the northern regions of Russia - say, the Kalinnikovs, Stroganovs, Perminovs, Ryazantsevs. Kuzma Minin, the son of salt worker Mina Ankudinov from Balakhna, received his own surname at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries. Merchant surnames often reflected the occupation of their owner. So, the Rybnikovs traded fish.
Peasant surnames
Peasants did not have surnames for a long time, with the exception of the population of the northern part of Russia, which once belonged to Novgorod, since there was no serfdom there. Take, for example, the “Arkhangelsk peasant” Mikhail Lomonosov or Pushkin’s nanny, the Novgorod peasant Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva.
They also had surnames of Cossacks, as well as the population of lands that were formerly part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: the territory of present-day Belarus to Smolensk and Vyazma, Little Russia. Most of the indigenous inhabitants of the black earth provinces had surnames.
They began to assign surnames to peasants en masse only after the abolition of serfdom. And some even received surnames only during the years of Soviet power.
Ancient Slavic family names are sometimes difficult to distribute among “interethnic houses.” Ukrainians really want to do this. V.I. Dal added all Slavic names to the dictionary, without dividing them into Polish, Czech and Belarusian, but only saying “southern” and “western”. This applies even more so to surnames.
Every day we hear, read and say different surnames. Questions arise about what they mean and where they came from. The origin of Old Slavic names spans more than one century and combines features inherent in all Slavic customs. Hereditary names began to be created in the 14th and 15th centuries among landowners, when the need arose to strengthen the family right to property. Basically their meaning was associated with some geographical names. Big influence here were Polish, generic Czech - ending in “-skiy”, “-tskiy”.
Never pagan names did not carry any offensive or evil meaning. In ancient times, there were simply no rude words: this appeared later, from other countries. Every Slavic surname entails only a positive meaning. If you study the list of pagan names, you will notice that they have a lot in common with the Slavic ones in terms of meaning with the Slavic ones. In all languages, some family names were based on personal names.
If you take it apart Slavic surnames, the list may be endless. At the same time, it is easy to notice the similarity of names with some word and assume that it is from of this word they did appear, but this is not always the case. For example, Orzhekhovskaya in Russian means Orekhovskaya, and Grzhibovskaya means Gribovskaya. Surely they are based on the names of regions or localities with these roots, and not on the words “mushroom” and “nut”. We can consider a few more typical examples of this kind:
The most popular Old Slavonic surnames among urban residents are:
- Kuznetsov;
- Melnikov;
- Goncharov;
- Bondarev;
- Bochkarev.
among noble gentlemen:
- Vyazemsky;
- Beloselsky;
- Obolensky;
- Morozov;
- Zakharyin;
- Saltykov.
In Russian, Old Slavic surnames are influenced by the rules of the Russian language. For example, only masculine ones that end in a consonant are inflected, but not feminine ones. In -sky, -skaya change by gender, by number.
Male ancient Slavic naming names
Often Czech male names, as a rule, without ending , but in the female version end in -ova - Švejk-Švejkova, Dvořák-Dvořáková. Most Bulgarian names are based exactly this way - Vasilov, Danchev, Kamenov.
Ancient Slavic surnames and male names among the Southern Slavs often end in “ich”: Bikovich, Jovanovic, Stoyanovich. Polish elements containing the letter combination “dz”, “dl”, and sometimes “rzh” are also clearly felt.
For example, Dzyanisau refers to the Russian Denisov, which is how it is written in Russian. Dzeshuk was founded on the name Dzesh, originally from Dzeslaw. The suffix -uk indicates that Dzeshuk is a descendant of a man whose name is Dzesh.
This analysis shows How much do ancient Slavic surnames have in common? even with their great diversity. It must be emphasized that some of them have retained their ancient spelling and sound to this day. However, the current Russian in this case Even the external meaning will not be visible, because most of professions and villages have long ceased to exist in history.
Attention, TODAY only!
The surnames of Slavic peoples are sometimes difficult to divide into “national apartments,” although recently they have been trying to do this in Ukraine. For many centuries, the so-called writing people strived for Slavic unity. They studied from the same books in both Russia and Serbia. The Kiev monk Pamvo Berynda, who created an excellent lexicon, believed that he was writing in a “roman” language (that is, Russian), although his own language by that time was already Ukrainian. The famous lexicographer Vladimir Ivanovich Dal included words from all East Slavic languages in his dictionary, without dividing them into Ukrainian and Belarusian, but only noting “western”, “southern” (East Slavic).
Moreover, all this applies to surnames. After all, people do not sit still; in the history of our homeland there were mass migrations, and movements of individual people, and marriages between representatives of different branches of the Slavs. It is especially difficult to determine the linguistic affiliation of the surnames of people in the Smolensk region, in Belarus, in Western Ukraine, where Orthodoxy and Catholicism met, where there were significant Polish penetrations, and in some parts of this zone, at one time, documentation was conducted in Polish.
The most clearly Polish (and Belarusian) elements are felt in surnames that include a combination of letters dz , dl , partially - LOL . For example, a Belarusian surname Dzyanisau corresponds to Russian Denisov and this is how it is written in Russian. Polish surname Dzeshuk formed on behalf of Dzesh , derived from Dzieslaw (a two-part name formed from the stem of the verb do (Xia ) + component glory ) with suffix -uk , indicating to them that Dzeshuk - the son of a man named Dzesh.
Polish surname Orzhekhovskaya corresponds to Russian Orekhovskaya , Grzhibovskaya - Gribovskaya . Since these last names end in - Skye , they do not come directly from words mushroom or nut , but, most likely, are formed from the names of places with such bases.
Polish surname Szydlo corresponds to Ukrainian Awl , Polish Sverdlov - Russian Sverlov .
Polish surname Dzenzelyuk derived from a name or nickname Dzendzel , coming from the word zenzol - woodpecker Breaking away from the original word, surnames develop dozens of similar variants. Surnames go back to the same basis Dzenzelovsky , Dzenzelevsky (with the transformation of the second dz V h ) and mentioned by the author of the letter, Elena Dzenzelyuk , Ukrainianized surname Dzynzyruk .
Polish-Belarusian surname Golodyuk derived from the word hunger (Polish glud ). A Polish dictionary of surnames compiled by Professor Kazimierz Rymut (this is the modern Polish pronunciation of the name, which is traditionally written in Russian Kazimir), along with forms Glud And Glod also lists names Hunger , Hunger , Hunger . Form Golodyuk indicates that the bearer of this surname is a descendant of a person with the surname Hunger .
Murienko derived from nickname Mury (Ukrainian Murii ), which a person could get from the color of his hair. V. I. Dal explains: mury (about the fur of cows and dogs) - reddish-brown with a black wave, dark motley. In the Ukrainian-Belarusian dictionary of V.P. Lemtyugova, these meanings of the adjective are confirmed and the addition is made - “with a red, dark face.” Surname Murienko indicates that its bearer is a descendant of a person with the nickname Murii . Suffix -enko , more widespread in the eastern part of Ukraine than in the western part, is similar to the Russian patronymic suffix -ovich /-evich . Compare in fairy tales: the Russian Ivan Tsarevich corresponds to the Ukrainian Ivan Tsarenko.
Ukrainian-South Russian surname Kvitun derived from the verb get even - to pay off, to avenge an insult, to pay a debt; -un - suffix of the person's name, as in screamer , squeaker , talker . There are Polish surnames with the same basis: Quit , Kvitash , Quiten , Kvitko .
Surname Sitar , most likely Czech. It was formed from a nickname by profession: sitar - one who makes sieves.
Very interesting surname Kuts , which can be compared with words of different languages. I always perceived it as coming from a short adjective kuts , corresponding to the full form scanty . But the semantics of this word “short-tailed, tailless, short-haired” is far from any characteristic of a person. True, in the XVII-XVIII centuries. a short dress or a short caftan was called a “German dress” in contrast to Russian long-skimmed caftans, and there was also an expression: a short captain of a plucked team (according to V.I. Dahl), but this does not explain the surname formed from the short form of the adjective.
Surname Kuts is in Polish. It is formed from the same word, which has developed some other meanings there. For example, verb cut - squatting, which indicates short stature. So the nickname Kuts a short person could get it. In a word kuts Poles call a small horse, including a pony.
Lastly, last name Kuts may be of German origin, as formed from one of the many derivatives of the name Conrad. Last name of the same origin Kunz .
Surname What - of Greek origin. In Greek kako Means evil , damage, loss, misfortune; cacos - bad, evil, no good, compare the word cacophony - bad sounds, bad sound. The surname could be formed from the name given “from the evil eye.”
ORIGIN OF FAMILIES, 2003, No. 8
EVDOKIM - EVDOKIMOV - EVDOKIMENKO
I have been subscribing to the magazine "Science and Life" since the sixties. I really want to know the truth about our last name. My grandfather came to Siberia for resettlement in 1910. His last name is Evdokimenko. He said that one of our ancestors, named Evdokimov, participated in the commission for the reunification of Ukraine with Russia. The stamp paper about the diplomatic mission of our ancestor (his surname was changed into the Ukrainian way) was lost during dispossession. Is it possible to find any confirmation?
N. Bochkareva (village of Pomyany, Primorsky Territory).
During Ukrainian-Russian contacts, surnames were constantly transformed into types that were more natural for the majority of residents of the area: Evdokimov turned into Evdokimenko , and the last one - even in Evdokimenkova . All these surnames are derived from Orthodox name Evdokim . But even the mention of the last name Evdokimova among the participants in the meetings at which the issue of the reunification of Ukraine with Russia was decided is not accurate proof that it was your ancestor - you need to have a list of all generations of your family, but it is impossible to get it now.
LENTIL - GERM, KIDNEY
My family has been subscribing to the magazine “Science and Life” for a long time. We read with interest the section of Doctor of Philology A. Superanskaya on the origin of names and surnames. I would like to know about the origins of our surname. In our area, apart from relatives, we have not encountered the surname Chechevichkin. Father comes from the village of Diveevo, in the south Nizhny Novgorod region, which borders the Mordovian Republic.
M. Chechevichkina (Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod region).
Surname Chechevichkin may come from the name of the plant - lentils and its edible seeds. There are many surnames derived from names food products. But another explanation is also possible: in Russian dialects lentil - this is something small, an embryo, a kidney. Old Russian name Lentil could have been given at the time the child was born. Then the last name Chechevichkin derived from old Russian name.
KHOKHRYAK - OLD RUSSIAN NAME
Please explain the meaning of the names of my ancestors Khokhryakov (he left the Vologda province in the 19th century for Siberia) and Cherkashin (according to the stories of his great-grandmother, he came to Siberia with Ermak).
T. Sergeeva (Algeria).
Surname Khokhryakov known in Rus' since ancient times. It comes from an old Russian name or nickname Khokhryak . Word little hog akin to the verb to laugh, to laugh . It meant a bump, a hump, a bump, and besides, a frail, weak person who always shrank and hunched over. If Khokhryak was the nickname of your distant ancestor, then he obviously had a hump or some kind of bump. Name Khokhryak they could give the child “from the evil eye” so that he would actually be beautiful and healthy.
In a word Cherkashin V different places called different people. It comes from the name of the people Cherkas/Circassian , but has long lost its ethnographic connection with this people. Cherkasy called the Don Cossacks; compare the name of their capital - Novocherkassk. Cherkasy And Cherkashenins in some places they began to call people from the Don; in Zaporozhye this was the name given to people from Moscow. To say for sure, you need to know your entire family history. Based on surnames, only linguistic analysis can be done.
SURNAMES FORMED FROM NICKNAMES AND OLD RUSSIAN NAMES
Nicknames that existed in the 19th-20th centuries can be difficult to separate from Old Russian names. For example, in ancient times (before the adoption of Christianity) Russians had personal names Bear, Wolf, Hare, Korob, etc. After accepting Christianity similar names could be given as nicknames: Bear - to large to a strong man, Wolf - lonely and to some extent predatory, Hare - a short, cowardly person, Box - dense, trying to hoard everything. There were also nicknames by profession: Turner, Tanner, Carpenter. Such nicknames were passed on to the descendants of the named and, formalized with appropriate suffixes, turned into surnames.
In the following presentation, no distinction is made between Old Russian names and nicknames (all are given in a single alphabet). But, if the basis of a particular surname was known as an Old Russian name, this is noted.
Brylev - shaved, shaved - lip, especially the upper one; b dug - at least cook some jelly (about a thick-lipped person); shaved - drooping lips of dogs such as boxers and bulldogs. This human trait has long attracted the attention of others; compare the names and nicknames of the 16th-17th centuries: Timofey Nikonovich Brilo Buturlin; Bryla , peasant; Vasily Shumilov Brylkin .
Bolkunov - to chat, to chat - to speak out of place, to chatter. Surname Bolkunov recorded in 1618.
Vereshaka - an Old Russian name not formalized with a special suffix, more widely known in the form Vereshchag - chatterbox, talker, grumpy person; squeal (about a child) - squeal, squeak, cry. Known: Vereshchag Blekly, late 15th century, Uglich; Vereshchag , peasant, 1510, Uglich.
Voltov - word volt borrowed from Italian. In Russian it is accepted in several meanings: revolution, circle, especially in special speech, for example: among musicians - repetition of some passage; for riders, turning the horse according to special rules. Some musician or equestrian instructor might have received the nickname Volt , because he often repeated this word. At the sharpies volt it was called overexposure of cards. Nickname Volt could have been given to someone who did it cleverly. Finally, in common parlance the word volt corresponds to literary jack . Nickname owner Volt could become a man who looked like a jack. Among the gentlemen, jack was sometimes called a lackey and a boor.
Zhugan / Zhukan - Old Russian name, derived from the name Bug , very common.
Zhigar - an Old Russian name not formalized by a suffix, formed from a verb burn , (set) on fire . Zhigar means “incited, instigator in a game, revelry, dance, indignation” (V. Dal). Stepan lived in Novgorod in 1495 Zhigar .
Zverev - Beast - Old Russian name: Vasily Semenovich Beast Kutuzov, 16th century, surname Zverev noted in 1497. Possibly a name Beast It was given as a protective measure so that the person named would not be harmed by any beast. In the 19th-20th centuries the nickname Beast given to evil, ferocious people.
Kozhevnikov - surname from nickname Tanner (by profession). The surname is common, since tanners - people engaged in tanning leather - were everywhere. Word Tanner , given as a name or nickname to a person, was found for the first time in the 15th century: Tanner Karpovich Kholopishchev, Suzdal.
Kolobkov -Kolobok - diminutive form old Russian name Kolob. Kolob - a lump of dough, a thick flatbread, a small round bread. Everyone knows the fairy tale about Kolobok . In 1550, Alabysh lived in the Moscow region Kolobov , son of Perepechin, which indicates that Kolob he doesn't have a nickname, but a name. So:
son - Alabysh / Olabysh - small round bread;
father - Kolob - a small round bread or pie, flatbread;
grandfather - Perepecha - a type of Easter cake, loaf.
Thus, the entire family was named after the names of round-shaped bread products.
Kolobok - son Koloba, diminutive form. From here - Kolobkovs .
Korobkin - Box - Old Russian name, derived from the word box - a box, a container for storing something. Perhaps such a name was given as a wish, so that the named would have everything in abundance. In Gogol, one elderly landowner was called Box . A peasant named Kalina Box lived at the end of the 15th century in Novgorod.
Lomovtsev - Lomovets - a person from the owner's house by name or nickname Scrap . Nickname Scrap could have been given to a large, physically strong person. In a word scrap vanity and turmoil were indicated. Old Russian name Scrap could be given to a child born during some kind of family turmoil.
Meshcheryakov - surname formed from the word meshcheryak - inhabitant Meshchera - geographical area on the Oka River. In a word Meshchera denote an ancient Finno-Ugric tribe that lived on the Oka.
Muravyov - from the Old Russian name Ant . In the 15th century, Ivan lived in the Moscow district Ant Olupovsky.
Mushkatov - the surname is derived from a nickname Muscat / Muscat . This is the name of the grape variety, as well as the nutmeg tree - a tropical plant, the fruit of which, nutmeg, is eaten as a spicy seasoning. Nickname Muscat could be given to a person who mispronounced a word nutmeg . They could give it to the person who used it nutmeg nut, grape nutmeg or wine made from it, which made him stand out from other people who did not use these rare dishes for Russia.
Polishchuk / Poleshchuk - the surname is derived from the designation of the resident Polesie - natural area, located on the territory of Ukraine, Belarus and parts of Russia and Poland. Since they live on the territory of the region different peoples(although all Slavic), in some parts of it the names of the inhabitants sound differently: Russian Polesians , woodlander, woodlander; poleshuk, poleshuk; Poleschuki, Poleschuk; poleshchka ; Ukrainian Polishchuk, Polishchuk, Polishchuk ; Belarusian paleshuki, palashuk, palashuchka . All this variation was reflected in the spelling of surnames.
Reut - a surname without a special suffix, formed from an Old Russian name Reut . In a word reut called the big bell. The word is sometimes explained in such a way that at the beginning of the ringing of this bell the note is heard re , gradually turning into before (which is otherwise called ut ). One of the bells on the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in Moscow is called reut or howler . Perhaps it would be more correct to explain this word as a verb roar . Old Russian name Reut known already in the 15th century, when the peasant Yuri lived in Novgorod Reut . Perhaps this name was given to a child who cried in a particularly low voice. Surname Reutov and names of settlements Reutov , Reutovo found in different parts of the country.
Ronzhin - the surname is formed from an Old Russian name or nickname Ronja . Ronja - this is the name of the bird, otherwise it is called the forest funnel.
Soloviev - from the Old Russian name Nightingale , widespread. For example, Ilya Elizarovich is famous Nightingale Borshchev, 1558, Yaroslavl. His son is Skvorets Ilyich Soloviev son Borshchev. Godname Starling Ilyich was not included in the vital records.
United - rare surname, possibly derived from the verb eat (each other), that is, to scold, quarrel, eaten, eaten - swearing, quarrel. I'll move out, I'll move out - a grumpy person.
Cheese milk - not specially designed suffixed surname, formed from the word cheese milk - curdled milk from raw milk. Name or nickname Cheese milk It wasn’t in my materials. Apparently it was given to a child with very white skin, similar to the name Sour cream .
Shamarov, Shamarin - a very difficult surname to explain. There is nothing similar in dictionaries. It is known that sound w often appeared on the spot With , as well as the syllable sha was replaced by she And shi . Based on this, let's try to make a short review.
Samar - the name of the tribal division of the Bashkirs. Samara - the name of a tributary of the Volga and the city that arose at its confluence with the Volga. In the 15th century the name was attested Samara Stepan Rodionovich Kvashnin. Whether this name is connected with the fact that Kvashnin had Bashkirs in his family is unclear, since V. Dahl’s dictionary contains the word Samara in the meaning of “long-length clothing” (in the Vladimir region). In the Old Russian language there was a word Samara meaning "bag", borrowed from Turkic languages. So last name Shamarov , apparently, is associated with the name of the Bashkir tribal division. At mixed marriages these names were usually retained. When borrowing from one language to another With often replaced by Russian w , How nutmeg - musket, string - lace . Surname Shamarin , possibly derived from the name of a river or city Samara , can also be associated with long-length clothing or a bag.
Shevyakov - from the Old Russian name Shevyak . This name was given "from the evil eye." It is derived from the word shevyak - droppings of livestock and wild animals. There was a saying: "By shevyakam You recognize every beast." The name was registered in 1624 in Belyov: Lev Shevyak , peasant.
Sheko - the surname is obviously formed from an Old Russian name Cheek with replacement of the initial sch on w . Name Cheek given to a child with full cheeks . Could have been a nickname Cheek - a lively talker. When a surname was formed from this name or nickname, the final A replaced by O , which is more consistent with the naming of men.
