Frank's tales in Ukrainian. Works by Ivan Franko for children

I was just listening to the radio. And I really liked the phrase: “ I’ll take a walk and I’ll fall on my beetles". My every morning begins with this ritual, because “Life from Life” - life is living, it is growth, development. How the Buryaks grow is more important than all the Abams and Ladens...

Well, then, after listening to the fairy tale, I remembered that I had read it and watched it in cartoons.

Even teachers of the Ukrainian language say about Ivan Franko that no one has read all of his “creations” in their entirety, and his language cannot quite be called Ukrainian. But everyone knows that Ivan Franko is a classic. This is already enough. I suggest reading (or watching) the fairy tale “The Hare and the Hedgehog”. For this alone it is quite possible to earn the title of a classic.

Zaєts and Їzhak

The hedgehog stood near the door of his hole, tucked his paws into his belt, pointed his nose into the warm wind, and hummed a verse of a song to himself - whether it’s bad or bad, who cares? As he knows, so he sleeps.

Muttered to himself quietly, and then thought:

“While my wife is there with the children and gives them fresh shirts, let me go out into the field, take a walk, and marvel at my beetroots, how well they have grown.”

The Buryaks were not far from his house. He took them as much as he needed to fight for his homeland, and told him in advance “my Buryaks.”

Well, okay. Carefully closing the doors behind him, he stitched into the field. It’s not far from here, and right here I’m talking about a Zayets. You can also take a walk and visit “your own cabbage”.

Having treated the Hare, the hedgehog greeted him a little. That Hare is a great panic and a very proud thing. You didn’t confirm his greetings, but just looked at someone very high and called out:

Wow, why are the axes dragging across the field so early?

“Let’s go for a walk,” he said.

Take a walk? - Zayets registered. - And I think that with your crooked legs it would be better to lie down than to climb for a walk.

This ridicule really angered the hedgehog, because his legs were crooked.

You, singingly, think, - like a hedgehog to the Hare, - what will you beat with your long paws?

“Azhezh,” said Zayets.

“We can try,” he said, “Anu, I’ll bet you that I won’t marry you.”

It’s a funny thing to say to people. Are you getting ahead of me with your crooked faces? - the Hare smiled.

Well, about me, let’s try it if you want.

Garazd! - says the Hare. - Give me your hand. And now let's run.

Well, well, why be in such a hurry,” said the hedgehog. “I need to go home first, eat three rubles, and after a few days I’ll be back at the same place.”

I didn’t mind the hare, because I wanted to crunch the fresh cabbage beforehand. And this time the hedgehog got home.

Come home as soon as possible and even before your wife:

Zhenko, get ready quickly and come with me to the field.

Why am I in the field? - the hedgehog feeds.

You know, I can run ahead with the Hare.

Have you lost your mind, man? - the hedgehog screamed. “Do you want to run ahead with the Hare?”

I really want it. And you must help me. Why is a little hedgehog so timid? She got together and went with the man.

And on the way, the hedgehog has to go to her:

Bachish otsyu dovgu niva? Our stages loom here. The hare runs along one furrow, and I run through another. From the grief, we begin to run away. Father, stand by yourself here, by the furrow, and if the Hare comes running here, then raise your head and shout: “And I’m already here!”

So, while praying, the stinks came to the washed-up field.

The hedgehog put his wife at this place, and he walked along the furrow at the other end.

Come, and Zayets is already there.

Well, what then, let's go? - feeds Zayets. - Well, one... two...

One stood in one furrow, the other in another.

The hare shouted “three” and destroyed himself like a cowlick.

And the hedgehog runs for maybe three miles, then hides by the furrow and turns back in its first place. And the Hare wanted to run. So when you reach the end of the field, the hedgehog’s wife will already shout at you from another angle:

And I’m already here!

The hare only saw his eyes: it didn’t occur to me that it was not the same hedgehog, because, you know, the hedgehog and the hedgehog are the same in appearance.

But what could have happened? - Hare shouted. “Let’s run again, back!”

And, without a moment's rest, he flew through the whirlwind of the field, laying his ear on his back. The hedgehog lost her peace of mind in her place. And if the hare reaches the other end of the field, then there will be a warning:

And I’m already here!

The hare got angry. What a miracle? Should the bandy-legged hedgehog get ahead of me? I, don’t mumble to yourself out of annoyance by shouting:

Anu, let's run again!

About me, Semyon,” he said, “I want to say it ten times, or even less.”

The Hare escapes, and from below I smell again:

I'm already here!

If you run again, you'll know the same. So you, poor girl, ran, ran as many as seventy and three times back, and every time the hedgehog was “already here.” Whether the Hare reaches one edge of the field or the other, everyone feels the same thing: “I’m already here.” And the seventy-fourth time the Hare didn’t make it. In the middle of the field, he fell to the ground and landed on the spot.

And the hedgehog honked at his wife, and both went home happily. And live, maybe, and still, if you haven’t died.

After that, the entire hare row swore to run ahead of the hedgehogs.

source: http://ukrlib.com/FrankoZviryHovorili.html

Cartoon Hare and Hedgehog
Year of release: 1963
The film belongs to the genre: cartoon
Director: Irina Gurvich
Actors who took part in the filming: N. Panasiev, G. Loiko, V. Dukler

Brief description: Based on the fairy tale by Ivan Franko. Included in the 3rd edition of the Best Cartoons of the Kyiv Film Studio.
The postman dog brought a telegram to the Hedgehog - the Hare, with whom the Hedgehog once sat at the same desk, is coming. Kosoy arrived in his own car with a medal on his chest and a cigarette in his mouth. The Hare became a champion and believed that he could do anything. When asked about his place of work, the Hare answered that he was a champion. The meeting of friends took place, but the Hedgehog was extremely surprised by the changes in his classmate. Then a competition was held with the arrogant bunny...

Ivan Franko. Someone else's biography.
17.12.07

Whoever tried to mold him into a hero and revolutionary. Socialists of all stripes affirmed and affirm Franco as the founder of Ukrainian socialism (social democrats - social democracies). Communists are the forerunners of Ukrainian communism. Nationalists are ardent nationalists and fighters for the national idea, and Russophiles are consistent supporters of the joint Ukrainian-Russian path. Polish nationalists, too, managed to find in Ivan Yakovlevich a painter of “the tragedies of the Polish and Little Russian peoples, finally humiliated by tsarist despotism. A writer whose works provide a convincing contrast to the life of the peoples of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, in an inert and cruel empire, with the liberties of the glorious past described by the brilliant Sienkiewicz” (J. Kontowski “Polish Biography”). What about the Poles! Even the Nazis managed to borrow quotes from Franco and publish it in a collection calling on Ukrainians to fight Jews, Poles and Russians. In general, everyone found something they liked in Franco. As a result, most Ukrainians don’t really know anything about the real Ivan Franko. This is not surprising, because he lived not his own biography, but someone else’s biography. In the sense that it was not Franco himself who determined his fate, but completely different people and circumstances.

Paper revolutionary

Open any biography of this person. Just, I beg you, don’t look at the portrait, but just read what’s written there. Here’s one example: “An outstanding representative of Ukrainian literature of the 19th-20th centuries, writer, poet, fiction writer, scientist, publicist and activist in the revolutionary socialist movement in western Ukraine.” So you imagine a sort of cross between Dzerzhinsky and Lunacharsky, with a pencil in one hand and a revolver in the other. In fact, Ivan Yakovlevich Franko was a typical paper rebel and revolutionary. He rebelled only on paper and looked like a rebel only on it. By and large, the biography of Ivan Franko is a chain of misfortunes and accidents. However, judge for yourself.

Failure first. Childhood

Who knows what the fate of Franco, who was born at the turn of the century in 1856, would have been like if not for his childhood. He hardly knew his father; his mother also died early, but before that she managed to remarry. As a result, Franco grew up and was brought up in his stepfather’s family - actually a stranger to him. It is unlikely that they treated their adopted son badly, but the restless old Freud could have said a lot of interesting things about this. In addition, Franco clearly did not have a good relationship with his school teachers. This is clearly evident from his works and articles dedicated to the school. A normal child can (and does) find an outlet from school troubles in the family. But Franco chose his option - to become the best student. And he became one - first at school, then at the gymnasium. Moreover, by his own admission, he did this not out of love for learning as such, but simply trying to prove to everyone his superiority in at least something. It also had an effect that the health of the future writer was weak since childhood. Accordingly, he could not gain authority among his peers in the traditional fun and pranks of boys. I bet Franco would have maintained this lifestyle until the end of his days. But fate decreed differently.

Second failure. Herd feeling

In 1875, Franko entered Lviv University. For many, the university gives a chance to start life anew, and the rural youth Franco took full advantage of it. Having practically no friends at school and gymnasium, he joins the so-called “Academic Circle”. A little clarification is needed here. The fact is that in those good times, the Ukrainians of the Austro-Hungarian Empire were practically not interested in politics. Two movements in Ukraine could be considered at least somehow close to politics - Muscovophiles and Ukrainophiles. By and large, these were two large clubs of interest. Muscovophiles got together and talked abstrusely about pan-Slavic cultural unity (neither my God nor political!). Ukrainophiles considered Galicians to be a valuable “thing in themselves,” and all other Ukrainians as inferior “Little Russians.” The “academic circle” that Franco joined belonged to Muscovophiles. It is difficult to say why he entered there. Either from a herd feeling (“Everyone ran – and I ran”), or from an ambitious desire to publish. After all, the circle had its own magazine, “Friend,” where they took student works. True, I strongly advise against reading what Franco wrote for this publication. The members of the circle wrote in a monstrous “language” - a mixture of Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, German and Hungarian words. To be fair, it should be noted that it was at the university that Ivan Franko first tried himself as a translator - he tried to translate ancient Greek tragedies into Ukrainian. But in general, Muscovophiles were guided by the traditions of Russian literature of the late 18th and early 19th centuries - hopelessly outdated.

This is how the young writer would finish his studies at the university, publishing obscure imitations of Hoffmann and Zhukovsky once a month. But in the life scenario he got the “queen of spades”, played by Kyiv University professor Drahomanov. The aforementioned professor decided not to limit himself to Kyiv students and to participate in the education of Slavic brothers from Austria. To this end, he sent them several letters and helped them obtain samples of the “golden age” of Russian literature. And so it began.

Members of the circle became fascinated by the new style and social ideas, vying with each other to publish socially harsh works and articles in Friend. Franco, who edited the magazine, to his own advantage, as it later turned out, became especially fascinated by the highly social works of Saltykov-Shchedrin and Chernyshevsky. Imitating these authors, Franco himself published several social works in the magazine. Perhaps the members of the circle could have gotten away with this, but the older generation of Muscovophiles had their own special opinion on this matter. Of course, the attempt to reason with the unbridled youth by pressing with authority failed successfully. The youth, with their characteristic maximalism, sent the former “gurus” to hell. Those, of course, were offended and wrote a denunciation to the circle. Almost all members of the circle got away with it, but not Franco, who was openly set up. The fact is that it was Franco who edited the notorious magazine and was best suited for exemplary punishment. The denunciation accused him and the members of the circle of creating a secret socialist organization. The result was expulsion from the university in 1878 and 9 months in prison. Whatever Franco himself later wrote about this, the prison seriously affected not only his future work. First of all, it affected his health, both physical and mental.

Failure three. A reluctant hero

From prison, Ivan Franko emerged as an outcast for most of his former comrades and opponents. Ukrainophiles never particularly liked him, the older generation of Muscovophiles turned their backs on him, considering him a traitor, and the youth, frightened by the defeat of the Academic Circle, sat as quiet as water. Here Franco would calm down. You could try to recover at the university and forget about politics. Get serious about literature. In the end - to heal. Indeed, despite the time spent in prison, the official punishment was rather declarative. It is unlikely that he was seriously considered a malicious criminal. Franco himself admitted in one of his autobiographies that he was not expelled from the university, he was simply deprived of his scholarship. But either something broke in Franco, or we don’t know some facts of his biography, but from that moment he begins a life full of tossing and unintelligible actions. He tries to do everything at once - literature, journalism, ethnography, philology, correspondence studies. However, his works are not published in his homeland. Except, of course, for the magazine “Hromadsky Friend”, which he published together with his friend Mikhail Pavlik.

It is precisely to Pavlik that we owe the image of “Ivan Franko – hero and revolutionary.” By 1878, Pavlik himself had finally decided to become a professional revolutionary. At the same time, he actively pushed Franco, who was easily influenced by others, towards socialist ideas. Actually, the idea of ​​the magazine “Civil Friend” belonged to Pavlik. In addition to the magazine, Pavlik and Franko studied the works of the founders of Marxism. And not without benefit for yourself. From the works of Marx and Engels, they compiled brochures that were distributed among workers and the agitated intelligentsia. They don’t like to mention this, but the distribution of brochures and leaflets was usually accompanied by a request to “help a just cause.” Of course, financially. At the same time, it was Pavlik who managed the money. Franco worked practically for free, especially since the magazine, as they say, “didn’t take off.” It was obvious from the very beginning that it would be closed by the Imperial censors and that their authors and editors would be in serious trouble. And so it happened. Pavlik, as the main initiator of the publication, even had to escape arrest. He escaped by emigration. Having certain means, he settled in the Mecca of the then revolutionaries - Geneva. There, enjoying the beauty of Lake Geneva, he could do what he loved - argue with other socialists and publish articles in local publications.

Another thing is Franco, around whom a real detective revolves. Pavlik understood perfectly well that the emerging socialist movement needed a hero-martyr. A kind of living icon that can always be used in the fight against opponents and to agitate supporters. Of all Pavlik’s acquaintances, Franco was best suited for this role. Of course, against the backdrop of the “knights-martyrs of the revolution” in Russia, Franco “didn’t look right.” But competent “promotion” played its role. In fact, the method of creating a “martyr for an idea” was worked out on Franco. And even during his lifetime. Under Franco, a standard set of cliches was created - progressive views, the struggle for social justice, court and prison. Even Ivan Franko’s poor health was used to create and exploit the image of a fighter and revolutionary. Please note that in modern biographies of Franco, references to poor health, as a rule, follow the story of imprisonment. So that readers get the strong impression that his illnesses are a consequence of his imprisonment.

In general, in 1879 Franco was left without an emigrated partner and means of subsistence. Literature did not bring in money - after the story of the magazine’s closure, no one wanted to publish it. Franco did not have any education or crafts that could provide at least some profit. Doing odd jobs, he got to the point where he had no permanent place of residence. And, nevertheless, we must give him his due - he continued to write. And not only literary works, but also works on the theory of socialism, thus fulfilling the program laid down in it by Pavlik. Finally, despairing of finding a stable income in the city, Franco decides to go to villages with private lectures. I decided, so to speak, to combine “revolutionary activity” with the process of getting my daily bread. The appearance of the “revolutionary lecturer” by the rural police was perceived quite adequately - Franco was arrested for the second time. This time the imprisonment was limited to approximately three months.

Second chance

Probably, fate gives every person a second chance. She gave it to Franco too. Returning to Lviv in 1881, he, quite unexpectedly, received an offer to edit the newspaper of Lviv printers - “Praca”. The newspaper, although it was a recognized newspaper of Lvov workers, was published completely legally and was not particularly radical. In addition, Franko is published in the magazine “Svit”. After four years of ordeal and a miserable existence, punctuated by arrests, he finally has the opportunity to make money through journalism and literature, receiving a completely stable income. In the end, no one stopped Franco from pursuing his beloved philology and ethnography.

But this clearly did not fit into the image of a “fiery revolutionary.” Moreover, Mikhail Pavlik had by that time become a member of the “Polish-Ukrainian Socialist Committee.” To maintain his reputation, he urgently needed to present to his party comrades the fruits of the socialists’ work in Ukraine. Therefore, Franco took advantage of his second chance in a very original way - he turned the newspaper entrusted to him into a militant leaflet of the revolutionaries. In particular, it is in it that he publishes his “Eternal Revolutionary”. Moreover, using the resources of the newspaper, he publishes a brochure “About Labor. A book for workers,” which is already direct revolutionary agitation. The prospect of a third arrest seriously loomed before Franco. In addition, it was popularly hinted to him that the owners of the newspaper he edited saw its content completely differently. In general, Ivan Yakovlevich’s nerves could not stand it, and he quickly curtailed all his affairs in Lvov.

To the village, to my aunt, to the wilderness...

Of course, not to my aunt, but otherwise everything is correct. Deciding not to tempt fate, Franco left for the village of Naguevichi. There he spent two years studying literature in its purest form, writing occasional articles and... ordinary peasant labor. There was an obvious nervous breakdown and a desire to get away from both the police and fellow revolutionaries, who stubbornly pushed the weak and tired of living in fear Franco along the path of “an ardent fighter for the happiness of the common people.” This can be clearly seen at least from Franco’s works of that time. While living in the village, he wrote a series of literary articles, translated Goethe and Heine, and wrote perhaps his best work - the novel “Zakhar Berkut”. This historical novel, describing the events of the 13th century, was completely different from everything written by Franco both before and after. By the time he left for the village, Franco had developed a rather unique literary style that was difficult to understand and perceive. This was connected, on the one hand, with the desire to work in the style of realism, which at times reached naturalism, and on the other hand, with the eternal lack of time for literary finishing of works. The result is perceived by some as the most brilliant phenomenon in the history of Ukrainian literature, while by others it is not perceived at all. A number of Polish, Austrian and Russian writers of that time viewed Franco exclusively as a journalist and publicist, but not a writer. Some even openly called him a graphomaniac. Nevertheless, the writer Franco enjoyed a certain popularity, largely due to the fashion for “acute social themes.” “Zakhar Berkut” reconciled Franco with his critics and a wide range of readers, giving him a chance to become a truly popular writer, and not just “widely known in narrow circles.” Moreover, the quality of the novel was appreciated by the Zarya magazine, declaring it the winner of the magazine’s literary competition in 1883. In the same year, the magazine, which took very moderate national and bourgeois-democratic positions, offered Franco cooperation. By this time village life was over. Thanks to a wealthy landowner who invited Franco to conduct research on his genealogy. Not free of course. For this work I had to return to Lvov and delve into the archives.

...In fact, the method of creating a “martyr for an idea” was worked out on Franco. And even during his lifetime. A standard set of cliches was created for him - progressive views, the struggle for social justice, court and prison. Even Ivan Franko’s poor health was used to create and exploit the image of a fighter and revolutionary.

Return of the "revolutionary"

Working for Zarya, publishing a popular novel and publishing articles on scientific, social and economic topics, Franco did little to resemble a socialist revolutionary. Quite a respectable journalist, writer and publicist. True, without higher education, but this was a fixable matter. There would be money. And the money began to appear slowly. In addition to Zarya, Franco got a job at the Delo newspaper, which was similar in views to Zarya, where he quickly became a member of the editorial board. In addition, he actively wrote for Polish magazines and newspapers. Especially in “Lviv Courier”, where he became an almost constant author. However, the idyll ended rather quickly. His evil genius fell on Franco’s head - Mikhail Pavlik, who had returned from emigration a year before and surrendered to the authorities. After spending about a year in rural exile, Pavlik arrived in Lvov and immediately went to see his “comrade in the struggle.” It’s hard to say how happy Franco was to see him. However, at first, Franco exists as if separately from Pavlik. Franko took some part in his fate - he helped him return to the journalistic world of Lvov. Soon Pavlik worked in several publications in the city, one way or another connected with the legal superstructures of socialism. In 1885, Franco himself went to Kyiv to ask for money from the local “sponsors of the national movement.” No matter how much Ukrainian nationalists and socialists are portrayed as fiery revolutionaries, without money, a revolution, as you understand, turns out poorly. And the national revival is the same. Although if you look at it objectively, it didn’t work out very well with money. The reason for this was that most of the “revolutionaries” were accustomed to eating tasty food and sleeping softly. And they didn’t give anything for free. It is interesting that Franco went on such an important business trip on the instructions of the above-mentioned newspaper “Zarya”, of which by that time he had become the editor. How much Franco has changed can be judged by the fact that in Kyiv, he coped with the mission of raising funds more than successfully. While solving financial matters, he did not forget about personal ones - it was on this trip that he met Olga Khoruzhinskaya, his future wife. Franco met 1886 as the editor of a popular publication, an employee of a number of equally popular publications, a married man and, as they say, with a future. What else does a person need to be happy? Moreover, the restless Pavlik, by that time, had once again managed to “check in” and receive a short sentence for “revolutionary agitation” among the peasants. After that, he went to Krakow and left Franco alone for two years. True, Pavlik returned two years later. But this time I calmed down a little. To the surprise of many, instead of the usual circle of “agitation-prison-exile”, he moved towards rapprochement with the moderate majority among Ukrainian nationalists and socialists. It was in 1889 - the last calm year in Franco's life. And although by this time Franco’s affairs had deteriorated - he lost his editorial post due to internal editorial intrigues, he, while remaining an employee of the Lviv Courier, earning money as translations and publishing in several periodicals at once, lived quite well. In 1890, taking into account the unification of socialists and Ukrainian nationalists in Galicia, the imperial authorities entered into an agreement with their leaders, according to which the Ukrainian language was granted the broadest rights in education, culture, media and office work. In exchange, the authorities demanded loyalty to the unity of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Uniate Church and the existing economic system. And here Pavlik could not stand it - he broke with the nationalist majority and founded the Russian-Ukrainian Radical Party. Moreover, the party defended precisely those positions that the authorities, having made concessions, demanded to abandon. Pavlik urgently needed Franco in party work. First of all, in order to work on the party organ - the newspaper "People". The question arises - why did Franco agree? There were two reasons for this. Firstly, he was offended by the authorities. In 1889, Franko accompanied a group of Kyiv students on a trip to Galicia. The authorities saw the tourists as instigators of a riot with the aim of annexing Galicia to Russia and subjected Franko and Pavlik to preventive arrest until the circumstances were clarified. Secondly, Pavlik played on the writer’s ambition by offering him the post of co-leader of the party and editor of the newspaper. And Franco, as they say, fell for it.

Donkey and carrot

Remember the beautiful allegorical image of a donkey constantly running after a carrot hanging in front of its nose, which it is not destined to get. It was precisely this kind of donkey that Franco actually turned into in pursuit of the carrots hung by Pavlik. He worked for five years at Naroda, not only editing the newspaper, but also publishing a lot of articles in it. He spoke at rallies and prepared a brochure for publication. He practically abandoned his literary and scientific activities. And everything is free. The only consolation for him was the long-awaited completion of his university course and the defense of his doctoral dissertation. Obtaining a doctorate gave Franco the chance to get a professorship at Lviv University, and these were not empty dreams. His candidacy was not just nominated for the post of professor of the department of Russian literature - it was actively supported by the university professors and Franco already saw himself in the professorial mantle. But it was not there. No one has ever managed to chase two birds with one stone at the same time. Either you are a revolutionary and a fiery fighter, or you are a scientist and a writer - this is what the university board decided. And Franco’s candidacy was not approved. The formal reason was that Franco had a criminal record and three arrests. It was easy to understand the education officials. And so there are a lot of problems with maintaining order among students, and if you also let a person into a professorship who will “disturb students” for the revolution, instead of teaching them... In short, running after the party-revolutionary carrot once again deprived Franco of the opportunity to occupy a worthy position in society and doing what you love. As a result, Franco's family rapidly became poor, since a thin trickle of money came to him exclusively from paid publications in Polish, Russian and Viennese newspapers. Franco's health, which had improved, began to rapidly deteriorate. Publishers began to turn away from him again. The image of the “poor knight of the revolution”, so necessary for any self-respecting radical party, was again brought to life. The fact that his wife and children were suffering from hunger only added urgency to the situation.

By that time, the ideology of the RURP had changed greatly. Now they advocated the so-called “peasant socialism” - a utopian idea that was not popular, especially among the peasants themselves. The peasants, of course, were asleep and saw how to divide the landowners' lands. However, they had no desire to collect them for community use, dreaming of their own farms. It is not surprising that Franco and Pavlik failed in the parliamentary elections in 1897. RURP was rapidly turning into a dwarf rogue party. The death of the party's ideologist, Professor Drahomanov, in 1895 undermined its position in Russia, from where the flow of money ceased. The newspaper “Narod” closed. An attempt to publish the magazine “Civil Voice” quickly dried up due to lack of money. And finally, in 1898, Franco received a blow from which he never truly recovered. In one of the Viennese publications, on the 100th anniversary of Adam Mickiewicz, he published an article dedicated to the poet, which was reprinted by several Polish newspapers and magazines. What was Franko thinking when, instead of an anniversary eulogy, he wrote an article debunking the romantic aura around the Polish literary idol? Why did he need a detailed dissection of Mickiewicz’s life and work at that moment? Probably, Franco himself could not answer this question. A terrible scandal broke out. The Poles were offended in the best of feelings. Polish publications were closed to him. Poverty, a miserable apartment, the threat of starvation to the family - this is how Franco greeted the next year - the year of the anniversary of his literary activity.

From anniversary to grave

A repeated slide into poverty and the absence of any prospects drove Franco into severe depression. Realizing that a depressed comrade would not bring him any benefit, Mikhail Pavlik tried to get him out of this state. This was largely dictated by his organization of a wide celebration of his literary 25th anniversary. But this attempt led to nothing. Franco becomes irritable, quick-tempered, and finally loses any consistency in his actions. In his articles, he sarcastically criticizes bourgeois democracy, socialism, nationalism and the people in general. Pessimism becomes Franco's main literary trait. In 1899, he broke with Pavlik and, as if in defiance of him, founded the Ukrainian National Democratic Party, finally moving away from the ideas of socialism. True, he is practically not involved in the party - he doesn’t care if he lives. Franco, who has no sources of income, practically does not look for them, as if by inertia, publishing in several Russian newspapers. The income from this work is enough to not die of hunger and that’s all. What saved him was his invitation to the post of editor of the Literary-Scientific Bulletin, published by the society named after. Shevchenko in Lviv. Mikhail Grushevsky, who headed the society and managed to break through the “sponsors,” was in dire need of “icons” for his activities. Franco became the first of these “icons”. The second one was... Mikhail Pavlik, whom Grushevsky assigned to manage the Shevchenko members’ library. Two impoverished “fighters for the people’s happiness,” who had recently quarreled to pieces, no longer had the strength to seriously engage in politics. Despite their comparative youth, each of them had already sufficiently undermined their health and mental strength. Franco received another blow in 1906, when his candidacy for membership in the Russian Academy of Sciences was unsuccessful. He was nominated by Kharkov University, which recognized him that year as an honorary doctor of Russian literature. Offended by Franco's non-election on this occasion, he mustered several times

“He robs purely, but doesn’t want it personally, he sends Bears and Wolves.” The small inhabitants of the brutal kingdom - hares, birds - have no life, they have no rights, they are destroyed with impunity, devoured by all-powerful predators.
In his fairy tale poem, Ivan Franko widely used Ukrainian folk art - fairy tales, fables, songs about animals. In it we also find a number of paintings reproducing folk life and customs. “I wanted not to translate, but to remake the old story about the fox, to make it our people's good, to give it our national character. I, so to speak, applied our Ukrainian colors to someone else’s drawing,” wrote Ivan Franko in the preface to “Nikita’s Fox.”
Ivan Franko used the same method when creating the fairy tale “Turnip”. He translated the old folk tale in a new, rhythmic language, saturated with elements of Ukrainian folk life. The fairy tale teaches us to live, work together, amicably.
Reflecting the life, way of life and customs of the Galicians, Ivan Franko used all the riches of their language, which differs from the language spoken by the Ukrainian population of other regions. The writer widely used dialectisms in his works - peculiar words, expressions, syntactic constructions characteristic of the language of a certain area.
At the same time, he constantly strove to bring the language of his works closer to the all-Ukrainian literary norm. From edition to edition, I revised the texts, removed dialecticisms, outdated forms
The fairy tale in Franco’s work, and indeed in fiction in general, acts not only as a genological category (that is, an independent genre, for example, most of the fairy tales about animals from the collection “When the Animals Still Spoke,” or a dominant or recessive genological factor in combined genre structures - fairy tales - poems, fairy tales - dramas, fairy tales - parables, etc.), but also the functions of paratext (as a component of heading and sub-heading structures) and an optional element of poetics, an additional (and therefore not genre-fictional) visual means. Therefore, one should distinguish between the fairy tale itself, as a genological concept, and fabulousness, which is an ideological concept, as a type of imagery.
at the level of content: the problems of good and evil, truth and untruth, the idea of ​​the inevitable victory of good over evil, optimistic life-affirming pathos, magical-heroic, social, everyday and natural themes;
at the level of the internal norm: in the plot-shaped organization of the work there are elements of fairy-tale fiction, that is, fairy-tale events (chains of events) and characters (groups of characters), fairy-tale chronotope (conditionally fantastic, metahistorical; opposition of one’s own and another’s kingdom, forest as space danger, crossroads as a product situation; in compositional organization (fairy-tale closes and limbs, tripartite action, image of a fairy-tale narrator)
at the level of the external form of the work: linguistic-stylistic fairy-tale formulas and cliches (initial, medial, final), typical fairy-tale tropes and figures (hyperboles, litotes, personifications; threefold repetitions, amplifications, etc.).
Of course, all partial manifestations of fabulousness in themselves are not genre-twirling, only style-twirling.

Literary tales. I. Franco "Farming Fox"

Literary tales

There are a few fairy tales, considered folk tales, that have their own author, so they are called author’s or literary. Among the authors of the Cossacks - knowledge of the words: I. Franko, Lesya Ukrainka, V. Symonenko, N. Zabila, V. Ne-stayko, O. Ivanenko, Y. Yarmish.

From foreign literature, including tales by T. K. Andersen, C. Perrault, the Brothers Grimm, O. Pushkin and many others.

The main inspiration for writers was folk creativity, so literary tales of greatness show the very signs that they are folk. However, the literary tale has its own peculiarities. Just as the folk Kazka is in its literary form, the literary form is in written form. The folk Kazka can have a number of options. The text of a literary tale is constant, immutable. In contrast to the folk kazka, the literary kazka can be either prose or verbose. At the beginning of the school, you have already read the fairy tales written by N. Zabili about the wolf and the kids, “Endless Cots” by Mariyka Pidgiryanka, the story about the sea by V. Skomarovsky, as well as Russian poets - O. Pushkin and P. E rshova.

The folk and literary Kazka is a school of folk morality. Wisdom and strength begin with the simplest: the ability to mislead elders, help your neighbor and protect the weak

Kazki, created by writers, are called literary

• 1. What kind of fairy tales are called literary? Point your butt.
• 2. What literary stories by foreign authors have you read?
• 3. Name the main and important signs of literary and folk tales.
• 4. How do you need to read a story so that it can be heard well?

The famous Ukrainian writer Ivan Yakovich Franko wrote a number of beautiful fairy tales for children.

Ivan Franko was born on September 27, 1856 in the village of Naguyevichi, Drohobitsky district in Lviv region in the homeland of the village farrier. Maliy Ivasya (Yasyo - that was the name of her mother’s son) loved to mingle at her father’s forge, where villagers gathered to drink, feel a sense of newness, rejoice, retell the stories, often fantastic stories. Over the years, the writer has said more than once that this distillation of Father’s forge, the strength of such a distillation, has taken hold of his soul on the long journey of life, and has not gone out for a long time. Having loved hearing his mother’s tales, the wondrous, enchanting world of such filled the lad.

Six-year-old Ivas was sent to primary school, where he began to study Ukrainian, Polish and German languages. The boy learns easily, and the fragments from nature become healthy. Already in ten days I learned to read the Ukrainian language, and after ten hours I learned the memory of the mayor of Shevchenko. “...Having spoken to the reader for a whole year, I immediately dictated the history lecture to my comrades word for word,” the writer said.

His life was not bleak, even though he lost eleven years without his father, and sixteen years without his mother. Grin took on the troubles of this morning

Gavrilik is a kind and reasonable person. Having reported to all ears, the talented lad became a blessed person.

I see the light of Ivan Franko without getting it right away. He initially began at the Faculty of Philosophy of Lviv University, but later he became involved in political activity. The young man was arrested several times, and then expelled from the university. Ivan never left his mind, and a dozen hours later he graduated from Chernivtsi University and took the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Vidnya.

His comrades from the student days remembered the mighty writer as a skinny, short young man with an untamed curly hair that shone with hot hair. the center of respect and camaraderie. , having quickly read, written, and quickly brought everything to completion.

Ivan Frank's contributions to Ukrainian literature remain unappreciated. For children, the writer wrote a number of fairy tales, which were collected and seen, for example, from the 19th century under the title “As long as the animals spoke.” According to I. Frank, the fairy tales “make children laugh and think, awaken I'm so proud and respectful nature." Before the collection "When More Animals Spoke," the Kazka "Farming Fox" passed away.

Ivan Franko wrote a lot of poetic, prose, dramatic works, literary studies, which are collected in 50 volumes. However, his least favorite hero was the boy Myron - a character from “At the Forge”, “Maly Myron”, “Olivets”, “Under the Fence”, perhaps similar to the little Yas from the Carpathian Naguyevichs.

Franco was completely modest, loving clothes in strict colors, and even always wore an embroidered shirt. Wanting to buy a bike, but never having bought it. Often manipulating pies, being an inveterate fisherman and mushroom picker.

Ivan Franko died on May 28, 1916. The writer is rightfully respected for carrying on the tradition of Taras Shevchenko. This is what D. Pavlichko means: “Shevchenko created the people, and Franco conquered the Ukrainian nation.” And, without a doubt, continues to be admired today, even if his creations reach the largest circulations, songs based on his vertices become popular songs, and films based on the motives of his creations are admired by children, and adults.

Kazki I. Frank: The fox and the crayfish, The hare and the hedgehog, The elder wolf, The hare and the witch, The fox and the crane, The little fox, The war between the dog and the wolf, Three cunning furs.

Artistic transformation of the light plot: poem I. Frank "fox mikita"

Ivan Franko wrote leather and created for CHILDREN. Among them sits the fairy tale poem “Mikita the Fox” - one of His epic creations, which has seen five previous appearances. According to him, the unprecedented popularity of his work.

Let's talk about this and the circulations in which "Fox Mikita" was published. In the lead up to the third edition of I. Franko’s poem, it is clear that in one edition, produced by 3000 prime ministers, it took place over the course of four years.” say that there is only one in Anya The Galician-Russian book is still not short of such happiness among readers."

Until this date Add that they burned Not a single book in Ukraine in that year was published with such a great profit, and so Shvidko NOT Rozkhid. Zhoden from the works of the Ukrainian pre-historic classics for the life of the author not MAV Such a Happy Life, such a wide number of readers, Yak Frankiv "Fox Mikita".

Vinyatkovo The popularity of the song was soon noticed and signified by literary criticism. Also A.Yu. Krimsky wrote in the Review on one of his works from the hoarding: “It’s the very fact that in the span of three years there happened to be another book - this, one might say, is unheard of in our country!” It’s a fact even without It seems to me that the public has long ago given Frankov’s writing its philandering assessment.”

This thought sounded even more interesting from the speaker on the Third edition of “Mikiti the Fox”, the author of which, undoubtedly, was V. Gnatyuk: “If it is important that only the School readers in us reach the third edition, then we have a lot of books, over our hands x y 1000 prime ministers and not at all evil, lie in stores for 10-15 years, when they sell out, it is understandable how popular “Fox Mikita” has become among our youth, if in a short period of time there were two of their sights and the need for Bulo rob It's the Third."

The reason for the vinyatka’s popularity can be traced back to its place, its extremely high ideological and artistic prowess. TOTAL POSSIBILITY, Which is the greatest, the popularity of the work has become the very essence of the work, which prompted the writers for more and more, like twenty rocks, repeatedly turning to the new, now introducing into the text the meaning of change, not to the principle of character.

On the other hand, put together by I.Frank on the lines of further research and further ideological and artistic thoroughness, the position of the singer could also be taken by some of the critics who understood the literally author’s inscription on the title of the book “Zn German adaptation by Ivan Franko", worked in "Lisa Mikita" NOT original tvir, and only the processing and translation of the food by J.-V. Goethe "Reinecke Fuchs".

folding and chatting in the hour of history to the text of I. Frank's poem "The Fox Mikita" requires a detailed and comprehensive study, which will make it possible to correctly develop a number of important historical, literary and textual studies related to with TsIM creation.

Apart from the tests that were tested directly, they were of a temporary nature, they did not look at all the previous meals they had seen, without revealing the nutritional choice to the main text, which in this case becomes more difficult.

Consistently composed texts of all previous generations sing “Mikita the Fox”, N. Goncharuk, drawing attention to the changes that should be made to the skin from the beginning, based on their character and on the basis of this find out in what direction the text was influenced, as far as ALL this The amendments were made to refine the artistic creation. At the same time, the analysis of the texts of past works will give the opportunity to develop and nourish the choice of the main text of the poem, which is even more important for assessing the work itself.

The relevance of this thesis is, for all intents and purposes, due to the inexhaustibility of the artistic and literary decline of Ivan Frank, as for the last year, it will forever give new possibilities for the interpretation of artistic texts and Yogo analysis. And by the same fact, this poem is one of the epic works of I. Frank, which has seen five centuries of history (1891, 1896, 1902, 1909, 1914), which is evidence of not Buval Popularity of creativity. And now the food is fast: What is the secret? Such popularity do we have in the author's time and in today's time? Research on the poetics of the work Help the News on Tse Popitannaya, to establish a dialogue with the text from the world culture, Adjei the plot about the cunning Fox mandrew Europe dekilka hundred (600 rocks) and transferred by I. Frank to Ukrainian cultural soil is awakening with a new sound. It should be remembered that in Ukrainian Francognism there is a fundamental problem with the text of the poem “Fox Mikita” by I. Frank, which requires a detailed and comprehensive interpretation, making it possible to develop a nutritional choice for the main text of the poem.

Also, the topic we have selected for follow-up is relevance.

My obsession with the poetic “Mikiti the Fox” is motivated by the need to understand what was already created in the light cultural context before the creation appeared, what the author of the light nadbanna vikoristan or having guessed and for what purpose is VIN Tse zrob, Yakovі functions This is the end of the same artistic trope. SKINNY figure.

The meta-works are based on the current historical analysis of the texts of the previous texts of the poem “Mikita the Fox”, with the revealed copyright edits for the achievement of artistic diversity and semantic accuracy of the text.

The subject of the work is the poetics of Ivan Frank's poem "Mikita the Fox" from the interpretation of textual variants of previous works.

The problem of the poetics of “The Fox Mikiti” by Ivan Frank is realized in the context of Ukrainian and secular French studies. Vivcheniya poetics "Mikiti the Fox" Pochaiv in the hour the creative work itself appeared. These are the Reviews and Reviews of ALL the five previous works written by Agathangel Krimsky, Volodymyr Gnatyuk, T. Frank, who are responsible for everything, the popularity of the work and the work of the trial is significant the level of originality of the food compared with the essential European ones; processing of international plot. Before this was revealed, Ivan Franko himself also faced problems, which is an example of the author’s self-interpretation. VIN supported the writing of “Mikita the Fox”, taking only the head frame of the Dutch poem by Willem, the same one that is in the German Book about Reinecke in Goethe’s translation, and filling that frame with the same It's a shame. Ivan Franko Bazhan does not translate, but reworks the old story about the fox, making it a national good, giving it our national likeness.

In the middle of the last traces there are the works of O.R. Bagan, M.L. Goncharuk, M.F. Gunyak, who continue to work with the previous ones.

However, the significance of this work is not due to the number of contributions, since the problem of poetics is also relevant in today's Francognism, due to the dialogue between the creation: from the world and national culture, from the author, We read from different eras TOSHCHO.

Spring has arrived and it's beautiful,

Multi-colored, warm, clear,

Mov devchina u vinku;

The meadows and forests came to life,

Plenty of gamora, rozmovi

І song in the tea garden.

Lion, who is king over the beasts,

Write the leaves with signets,

Sends out to the whole world:

“The hour has come for great gatherings!

Let's go to the royal courts

Shvidko is a whole bunch of beasts."

The axis goes stinking yurbs,

Mov na vydpust s korogvami -

Everything that wails, barks, croaks;

Only one language and not a feeling,

You know, he spends the night in his castle -

Fox Mikita, haidamaka.

Oh, it’s not for nothing that it’s good!

You know, the dull one is calling names:

"You're a crooked beast, people"

Tim is in his capital for an hour

The king sows entrusts the queen,

To bring justice to the beasts.

Ivan Franko

Fox the Confessor and other poems of 1892-1895, not included in the collections.

Original poems in Ukrainian:

KING GOD

And Pharaoh said to the evil spirit:
“Be my adviser and help me in business,
People please me until the end of time
Considered him to be God."

The evil spirit replied: “The time has not come.
From now on you must. Create with your answer
More evil in my service. Well, good...
Forget it".

Pharaoh worked honestly. Like a beast
He tormented people until the earth groaned
And suddenly the evil spirit said: “Now
The time has come."

“But why now?” - “Don’t try in vain,
You will not keep your people in fear for long,
Now let's put a king in their heads
Considered to be God.

In a yoke they do not see the dawn on a clear day
And they won't be able to stand you anymore
If you don't teach them to trust their king,
How they believe in God."

FOX CONFESSOR

LYRENSKAYA SONG TO THE MOTIF OF “ORPHAN”

The rivers rang, the mountains rustled:
Is this talk true or rumor?
It’s early on Sunday, it’s just cleared up,
Oh, our little fox wanted to eat.
Mountains, valleys and ravines left,
There was nothing edible for the poor fellow.
And the Fox went further along the valley,
She went out to the oak tree over the blue water.
Looks, and on the oak tree, it’s safe in the cold
The cockerel took cover, his wings red.
The little fox looked and swallowed her saliva,
Joyfully she waved her handkerchief at Cockerel.

“Hello, our Cockerel, you songbird!”
The cockerel answered her: “Good afternoon, Fox!”
“How do you live without grieving?” - The fox asked him, -
“Get down a little lower so you can hear!”

“I live normally and hear everything clearly,
I hear everything and you whisper quietly in vain,
Little fox-sister, where have you been?
What new things did you learn in the world while wandering?”

“I’m coming, I’m returning from Zarvanitsa,
There she bowed on the porch of the chapel,
I prayed there for you and was baptized,
Saint Gargara has not yet appeared:
“Fox-niece, light and joy,
Tell Cockerel, I need to confess,
Hurry to convey these words to him,
All that’s left is to crow a little in the world.”
So I was in a hurry for three nights, three days,
To see the living, keeping hope.
So I was in a hurry, I didn’t know peace,
May I find you alive and healthy.
So that you confess and receive communion,
He rose again after death and said goodbye to the world.”

,

There is God in my heart, I keep the law,
I don't drink, I don't steal, I don't hit, I don't bite,
And not a soul of chickens, like a robber, a murderer, -
What is my fault? Tell me, Fox."

“I’m wrong, Cockerel, you’re to blame for a lot of things,
There are no pure people on earth before God.
And remember, unfortunate one, this is good for something:
You can only get married once,
And you, like a Turk, like a Basurman,
You take them ten at a time in your crazy dance...
You have ten of them, you have twenty of them!..
Where will you hide from heavenly punishment?

“Little fox-sister, I hear again
Your angelic voice, damn it,
I see that I am sinful, and my sin is great,
You must go to confession with the bishop.”

“Why, son, everyone is equal before God,
Don’t wait too long for forgiveness of sins!
I have a ticket from the lord,
I can forgive even the greatest sin.”

How the truthful word touched my heart.
Let me live, don't be so cruel
So that I can drive the burden of vice out of my heart.
I haven’t fasted for seven years, I haven’t prayed for seven years,
Give me at least three days to free myself!”

“I’m sorry, Cockerel, that you lived so nicely,
I haven’t thought about dying recently.
You ask to repent for three days and don’t know
Where will you be tomorrow, you understand.
Come down to earth, repent heartily,
And I will blame you here flawlessly.”

“Little fox-sister, I hear again
Your angelic voice, damn it.
It is the will of the Lord for life and confession,
Yes, I’m just afraid of betrayal today.
Your voice is like sour cream
You look like an angel, just a cunning face.
It's even painful to look at the sharp teeth,
I see - I am afraid of death involuntarily.
And it seems to me that you want it badly
Not holiness of spirit, but fresh meat.”

“A useless rooster, a sinful bird,
Now don’t hope that your sin will be forgiven!
You should pray for your sin, sobbing,
And you argue with me, judging me.
I fast, I pray, heaven is my reward,
And I don’t need your meat for nothing.
I fasted for seven years and didn’t eat meat!
May God grant me to wait until the hour of death,
If I don’t eat it, then I’ll eat bad meat.
You are blind in sin and judge viciously,
Get off the oak tree quickly and repent urgently!
Repent immediately if it’s so difficult,
For the soul of a goat you will simply die godlessly!”

The Cockerel sat down, his heart began to beat,
It’s both sickening and scary that this happened...
The fox looks like an angel,
And the face is terrible, painfully cunning face!
And I would be glad to become sinless before God,
And the fear that the Fox has so many teeth.
But still, responsibility and fear won,
I extinguished my anxiety and my mind into darkness,
From branch to branch, from twig to twig
The Cockerel descended to the ground to the Fox.
He descended to the ground easily and quickly
And he humbly whispers a prayer to the little fox.

The little fox was waiting for the Cockerel and jumped up
And she grabbed the poor prisoner in the teeth.
The Fox jumped up like a bird of prey,
And he holds you so tightly that you can’t free yourself.

And the Fox exclaimed angrily in rage:
“I’m holding you tight, you stupid bird!
I will be your sensitive confessor:
Death in my teeth will be brazen and terrible.”

“Have mercy, Chanterelle, for God’s sake,
I don’t have that much meat in me!” -
The Cockerel squealed: “Why are you strangling me?
You will break your seven-year fast in vain!”

“I never feel sorry for your brother,
The bony bird is to blame for everything!
I'm guaranteed a lean rooster for dinner,
Do you remember the chicken coop on that memorable evening?
Do you remember that winter? Answer me, I can't hear you
When did I chew through the roof of the chicken coop?
I gnawed through the roof from hunger, angry,
I found you there among your women.

You slept like a sultan between soft pillows,
In the warmth of twenty of your sinful girlfriends
And suddenly I felt so sorry for you,
Why can’t you see the world in sin!..
I decided to strangle the two carefully,
Then you could save your soul:
This is your death, red, sinful bird, -
Now you will believe and pray to God!

So righteously I thought and prayed,
So that the will of the Lord will be accomplished quickly.
I crawled up to you, and was the first to deftly
I wanted to grab Klavka by the head,
Yes, but this brainless fool
Slept with my head under my wing until dawn,
I was in such a hurry that I made an annoying mistake,
I grabbed the wing instead of the neck greedily.

And she started squealing madly
And fight in the teeth, as if a hut is collapsing,
Behind her are the rest, that there were chickens,
They started screaming as if they were tearing them out of their skins,
You should calm them down carefully,
And you give me spurs, is that really possible?
He almost brutally knocked out my eye with his beak,
I wanted to leave the abode of vice,

Leave your wretched den forever
And shake off the ashes of your life on the threshold,
Yes, that’s bad luck, it’s firmly in my teeth
The wing of this vicious quonka is stuck,
With all her strength she jerked from her spot
And I rolled down to the floor from my perch.
The dinner was not sweet, it hurt,
Whenever I remember that evening, I cry involuntarily.

Oh, I fell, I don’t know how I got up,
And how I didn’t break anything.
Until I realized that all the bones were intact,
An old woman with a shovel came to visit us.
An old woman with a shovel, an old man with an ax -
The whole yard wanted to destroy me.
And so they beat me, killed me,
If it weren't for the loophole, I would hardly have been saved,
I would have to rot under your fence
And it would be stupid to give up your life so quickly.
Now you will answer, executioner and murderer,
And what is destined, let it happen today.”

This is how the Fox told everything to Cockerel
And she held her victim tightly in her claws.
He hung his head and realized that it was true,
Not an angel The fox is a fiend of hell.
The Cockerel is hanging, realizing that it is late
To be tormented and torn, menacingly in your teeth
The fox is strangling him, going to eat him,
And he tremblingly asks her to listen:

“Listen, Foxy, the last word,
Then I won't bother you again.
That I am extremely sinful and I lived in shame,
I agree with you and your verdict,
And in sensitive teeth I am ready without fear
Finish your journey, dear friend.
It's not a pity that I will close my eyes forever,
I’m sorry that today, it’s offensive, I won’t hide it,
Today, I'll tell you a secret,
The Lord sent a carriage for me,
I'm waiting for the carriage to appear soon,
I should become a church choir singer
The Bishop appointed me to sing at the cathedral,
Sing solo for him and with the monks in the choir.

My lord highly appreciates my gift
He noted and promised me a fee,
And they immediately promised to send the Morocco workers,
And a red zhupan so that everyone respects
From now on I had to become nobler
And live in luxury near the Church of the Lord.
I could help you soon too
Get a job as a housekeeper in our yard.
How would you walk, madam?
Holding the keys of all doors in your power.
Then I would have the whole yard under me
All the chickens and geese, and there are quite a few of them,
I also received a salary for it,
Even you have never dreamed of living like this.”

The fox listened, her mouth opened,
She never even dreamed of that paradise for the Fox,
When he finished his last word,
Lisa jumped up crazy from this,
She waved her hands and shouted: “God,
I’m sure we’ll be eating there already, it looks like!”
But Cockerel thought differently to himself,
Suddenly he jumped, not believing his luck,
On a branch high above your head
And he said, laughing, behind the oak leaves:
“You eat as much as you want, but look inadvertently
So that small bones do not come out sideways,
And so that you don’t choke from greed
During prayer in Holy Zarvanitsa,
In the name of love and from the feat of faith,
Carrying bags of wheat without measure,
Don't give yourself wounds with your greedy hand,
Otherwise I’ll have to return with a stick,
And don’t rush to break your fast for God’s sake,
We still need to endure hunger for a little while.”

This is how the Cockerel laughed at the Fox,
He walked away from death and remained healthy.
The fox howled and licked its lips,
Annoyingly, she snapped back at him,
Without selfish gain and without interest
She disappeared into the roots of the eternal forest.

Written in Vienna in January, February 1893.

translation May-June 2013

1 Zarvanitsa is a monastery and village in Terebovlya district, Ternopil region.
One of the main spiritual centers of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
2 Morocco boots - morocco boots. Saffiano - Thin and soft goat or sheep leather,
specially crafted and painted in bright colors.
3 Zhupan - originally a Polish noble costume, here - rich outerwear, caftan

BEAR

The bear is a cruel beast and a thief.
He comes to the village at night from the mountains:
He will kill an ox and eat a goat -
The bestial nature of evil.

And poor smart Sen Gandyuk
I could only afford onions.
He didn't keep a gun in the house -
The bear was dragging his sheep.

The beast steals his sheep,
How to put an end to this?
Sen Gandyuk came up with a trick:
He placed snares around.

An old way of coping
With the beast, the power to curb:
Put snares on the way
So much so that you can’t pass by.

You need to take a rope with a noose,
Tie to a big stone,
So the man decided wisely
Take over power and evil.

Night has come and in the moonlight
The bear found a blood trail
That last night of dark deeds
When he picked up a sheep and ate it.

But what is it, how can this be?
The bear could not understand
It's like someone took him
And he held it there quietly.

Then he would understand everything,
But he didn't like to talk,
He rushed forward: What kind of demon?
And he himself fell into the trap’s loop.

Yes, he managed to tighten it like that
Noose around my neck, can't breathe
Why not breathe, not breathe
And something needs to be done.

Then the bear began to understand,
Why die for such a short time,
The bear is not a fool either,
To give your life like this.

He quickly began to understand
What doesn't let him breathe?
What's at the end of that rope
It's just a simple stone.

The stone was too small for the bear
And he took him on his shoulders,
And the beast shouted: Now from the mountain
You'll go to hell.

And angry at the stone
I went to the edge of the abyss.
Over the abyss he shouted to the mountains
And the stone goes down to the tram-crackers.

Threw it and it’s clear why
Fell, tied to him,
And he flew down
Angry behind the stone out of frustration.

He fell from a cliff into the darkness,
Crashed to death on a rock
And Sen woke up at dawn,
I went to the cliff on the mountain

And I saw how through a snare,
Didn't escape his hand
The tyrant of his village and mountains -
Bear, cruel beast and thief.

And after these glorious deeds,
How the mind overcame the force,
Everyone came out to watch
How the bear finally died.

1894
13.06.2013

FOX ADVENTURE

I went out to complain to my husband
From the chicken coop wife:
“The fox killed the chicken,
The fox’s grip is visible here!”

The husband turned out to be smart
And he said: “Give it here,
We're on the hook for this one
We catch the animal without difficulty.”

Under the fence at the gate
The hole was found
A man set up a snare there,
A chicken lay down nearby.

Along the path Lis Nikita
I walked without knowing troubles,
He sees a chicken and needs to
Get yourself some lunch.

Without much thought he
Step into the hole, tail of dust,
At the same moment she squeezed her neck
The noose has a death grip.

He's back, it got worse
The frightened one looks
Waving his healthy butt,
An angry man runs towards him.

Fox without much thought
Walk through that hole under the fence,
And the man shouts: “Gotcha!”
This time it’s a chicken thief!”

A man climbed onto a short
Its own fence and looks down,
It hits again and misses again,
Slipping away into the foxes hole.

And the man fell to the ground,
Looks through the hole under the fence:
“I hit him with a butt, let’s check,
How sharp is my ax!”

It is clear that the man intends
Carry out your sentence
What about foxes? At least
The thief is still alive.

A man stood up, pulled open the gate,
The sly fox left again
You can't deal with him alone,
He began to call his wife for help.

And the wife grabbed a pitchfork
And let's run to him
Well now you definitely
Sly fox, you can't help it!

Husband is ready to kill outside
With a quick swing of the axe,
And the wife comes quickly
To the poor victim from the yard.

The husband shouts: “Spank me quickly,
Hit him, he’s in the yard!”
She didn't have time to hit
The fox disappeared into the hole again.

There he jumped out at his husband,
He hit as deftly as he could,
The fox dodged and immediately
There was a rope under the ax.

The beast realized that he was free
And they won’t be able to catch up with him,
He grabbed the chicken and went into the field,
To the forest, to the sweet threshold.

The man realized that it was stupid
He looks like a fool
I realized it was too late,
And the wife said this:

"Never would you rope
I didn’t cut it with a butt,”
He spat out of anger and that’s all,
And in response he was rude to her.

1894
25.06.2013

THREE FATES

From the secret abyss, from nothingness
The soul strives for the earth and sadly,
Fire within yourself, like a melting spark,
From the very beginning he dreams of burning brightly.

And, like a star, she is playing,
Strives for eternity, burning.
But on the way the flight is interrupted
Three Fate-goddesses come out,
On her way in the blue sky
Give your gift as a souvenir.

And the first one said: “Be happy,
I give you a living talent,
Penetrating, inquisitive with intelligence,
Always be a bright head."

“My gift,” the second said, “
Feel all the feelings to the fullest."
Gave her a cup of love:
“Drink, soul, to the dregs.

Let your life be a winged fantasy,
Let freedom burn in your heart
Holy fire and slavery is to blame
He will not bow his head to anyone.”

But the third is an evil old woman,
Laughing in response to those words,
And right over the soul into the ear
This is what she whines to, like an owl:

“Ah-ah, the sisters are generous
To a naive soul from a casket
Mittens full of gifts
On the road to pour endlessly.

Did you want to make Goethe, Dante, Shelley?
Your affection makes me laugh,
Did you want to make him without me?
But no. We have enough heroes too.

Wait, I'll give her a gift
Such that your hands are taken away,
So that the service devoted to you
It was more terrible than any torment.

Walk, soul, your path in the darkness,
Covered with thorns, not rosemary!
What will you be on earth?
Be a Rusin, a peasant son!

Your talent will tear you apart
Among people, intentions and destinies,
In the flow of life there is a desire to live!
But let there be ugliness,
Like a sentence to crush, ruining,
There is a swamp in the human anthill.

You can’t develop talent and, like a taboo,
You will leave everything and not move forward,
Talent idle, silent as in a coffin,
Your mediocre family will soon be strangled.

Although your mind will be torn
To the light of good from lies and evil,
But he won't be able to get there
To the river that I could bear
To your land, where you could
Forget need and the salt of the roads,
Grow freely like a bird
Free yourself from all chains.

All this is not yours, son!
The lot of people like you is on the trail
To go to a stranger, not sparing your legs,
And don’t count on personal victory.

Your love has a beautiful garden
Strangers will come to trample
Don't expect rewards for your work
You will never have them.
Love will wither, envy will grow
The poison will spill in the soul.

Nobody really needs you here,
Go wander into eternal mistakes, -
No one will pull you out of the puddle,
God's grace is with you."

Written May 27, 1895 p.
First published in the complete collected works in 50 volumes in 1975.
Translation 04.12.2013

There lived a bird in the wild,

Yes, suddenly I got into the network.

And the hunter says:

You must die!

Have mercy! - asks the bird. -

I'm as tall as a fingernail

Just a ball of fluff

Yes, a mouthful of meat.

Let me go free

You will be satisfied yourself.

Three good lessons

I'll give it to you for that.

The hunter was surprised:

You are a little birdie.

What kind of person

Can you give a lesson?;

But if you add

You make me a little crazy

I'll set you free.

Fly on a long journey!

Let's begin, said the bird. -

Remember my advice;

There is no need to regret it

Which is no longer the case.

The hunter said: - True.

Your advice is sound.

There is no need to regret it

Which is no longer the case.

Then, - the bird chirps, -

Don't spoil the blood

Trying in vain

Bring back the past again.

The hunter said: - That's right.

Don't spoil the blood

Trying in vain

Bring back the past again.

The bird chirps: - Listen

My last advice:

Don't believe idle nonsense.

There are no miracles in the world.

The hunter said: - Smart.

I'll remember your advice.

Don't believe nonsense.

There are no miracles in the world.

Thanks for the science.

Bon Voyage.

Yes, in the net to the bird catcher

Don't get stuck again!

* * *

The bird fluttered onto a branch

She said: - Fool!

I deceived you

And you're in trouble.

Extraction is expensive

It flew into your network.

Because of me, hunter,

You could get rich.

Hidden in my belly

Catcher Reward:

Diamond is twice as big

Chicken egg!

The hunter almost cries.

Mumbling: - How can that be!

Untold wealth

I missed it, you fool!..

A bird sits on a branch

Not too high.

And get to her

Not that easy at all.

Hunter, without blinking,

He can't take his eyes off her.

She's about to run away,

And with it a diamond!

The hunter calls: - Birdie!

Come back to me soon.

I will be your father.

You are my daughter.

And a golden branch

I'll order for you

And in a golden cage

I'll put you in prison!..

And the bird answers:

You're just as stupid as you were

All three of my lessons

Now I forgot.

As a reward for science

You told me to fly

And in a minute

I regretted this.

I haven't had time yet

Set off on a long journey

Have you already planned

Return the past.

And you believe a lie

That there is a diamond in the bird

Bigger than this bird

Many, many times!