Genre allegory. The epic genre of fine art is

anr (from French Genre - view) - a set of works combined:- a general range of topics or subjects of the image; or - the author’s attitude to an object, person or phenomenon: caricature, caricature; or - way of understanding and interpretation: allegory, fantasy.

Genre is several special features inherent in works of art, by which we distinguish one of them from others.

An artist paints with paints, and there are a lot of techniques and ways of working with them, they are complex and varied, this is a whole science. But depending on what is depicted in the picture, you can determine its genre.

SELF-PORTRAIT - a portrait painted from oneself.

ALLEGORY - depiction of abstract concepts through associatively close concrete images, creatures and objects, usually endowed with attributes that explain their content.

ANIMAL- associated with the depiction of animals in painting, sculpture and graphics; combines natural scientific and artistic principles.

BATTLE - dedicated to depicting war and military life. In works of the battle genre, the main place is occupied by scenes of battles and military campaigns of the present or past.

HOUSEHOLD - associated with the image of everyday private and public life person.

HISTORICAL - one of the main genres visual arts, dedicated historical events past and present, socially significant phenomena in the history of peoples.

CARICATURE - a genre of fine art that uses the means of satire and humor, grotesque, cartoon, artistic hyperbole; an image in which comic effect created by exaggeration and sharpening of characteristic features.

MYTHOLOGICAL - dedicated to the events and heroes about which myths tell.

STILL LIFE - a genre of fine art showing inanimate objects placed in a real everyday environment and organized into a specific group; a painting depicting household items, flowers, fruits, dead game, caught fish.

Nude is a genre of fine art dedicated to the naked body and its artistic interpretation.

PASTORAL - image of an idyllic peaceful life shepherds and shepherdesses in the lap of nature.

SCENERY - an image of any area, pictures of nature: rivers, mountains, fields, forests, rural or urban landscapes; According to the subject of the image, they distinguish the architectural-urban, industrial landscape, veduta, marina (depicts the sea), historical, fantastic (futurological), lyrical, epic landscape.

PORTRAIT - a genre of fine art dedicated to the depiction of a person or group of people; varieties - self-portrait, group portrait, ceremonial, chamber, costume portrait, portrait miniature, parsuna.

CARTOON - a type of caricature, humorous or satirical image, in which the character traits person.

In the process of the development of fine art, genres of painting were also formed. If in the pictures cavemen If one could only see what surrounded them, then over time the painting became more and more multifaceted and acquired a broader meaning. Artists conveyed their vision of the world in paintings. Historians identify the following genres of painting that have formed throughout the history of this art.

Shanko Irina "Golden drizzle pattern" canvas/oil 70/85

Self-portrait (from the French autoportrait) is a portrait of oneself. Usually this refers to a pictorial image; however, self-portraits can also be sculptural, literary, cinematic, photographic, etc.

Shanko Irina "Through the Looking Glass" canvas/oil 60/60

Allegorical genre(from the Greek allegoria - allegory) - a genre of fine art in which piece of art laid hidden and secret meaning. In this genre, ideas that are difficult to depict (for example, goodness, strength, power, justice, love, etc.) are shown allegorically through images of living beings, animals or human figures with attributes that have historically been assigned symbolic, it is easy readable meaning. The allegorical genre is most characteristic of the art of the Renaissance, mannerism, baroque, and classicism.

Animalistic(from Latin animal - animal) - a genre associated with the depiction of animals in painting, sculpture and graphics.

Shanko Irina "In the forest" canvas/oil 40/50

Battle genre(derived from the French bataille - battle) - a genre of fine art that depicts themes of war: battles, military campaigns, glorifying military valor, the fury of battle, the triumph of victory. These paintings are characterized by versatility and the presence of many characters.

Epic and mythological genre s. The subjects of works of folklore, themes of ancient legends, epics and ancient Greek myths were depicted.

Everyday genre. Works everyday genre address topics Everyday life, give an idea of the activities and life of various strata of society.

Vanitas (from Latin vanitas, lit. - “vanity, vanity”) - a genre of painting of the Baroque era, allegorical still life, compositional center which is traditionally a human skull. Similar paintings, an early stage in the development of still life, were intended to remind us of the transience of life, the futility of pleasures and the inevitability of death.

Veduta. The birthplace of this genre is Venice. It represents a city panorama, respecting architectural forms and proportions.

Gallant - (courteous, polite, courteous, courteous, interesting) outdated associated with the depiction of exquisite lyrical scenes from the life of court ladies and gentlemen in artistic creativity mainly from the 18th century.

Cityscape (architectural landscape) - a genre of fine art in which the main subject of the image is city streets and buildings.

Shanko Irina "Arts Square" canvas/oil 40/30

Interior (derived from the French intérieur - internal) is a genre in which the subject of the image is an image of the interior of a room.

The hippo genre (derived from the Greek hippos - horse) is a genre of fine art in which the main motif is the image of a horse.

Historical is one of the main genres of fine art, dedicated to historical events of the past and present, socially significant phenomena in the history of peoples.

Caricature - (derived from Italian caricare - to exaggerate) a genre of fine art that uses the means of satire and humor, grotesque, caricature, an image in which a comic effect is created by exaggeration and sharpening of characteristic features. A caricature ridicules a character's flaw or depravity in order to attract him and the people around him, in order to force him to change for the better.

Capriccio (derived from the Italian capriccio, literally - caprice, whim) is an architectural fantasy landscape, mainly the ruins of fictional ancient buildings.

Mythological (from the Greek mythos - legend) - a genre of fine art, dedicated to heroes and events about which the myths and legends of ancient peoples tell.

Seascape (marina) (derived from the French marine, Italian marina, from the Latin marinus - sea) is a genre of fine art depicting a marine view.

Still life - (translated from French - dead, inanimate nature) genre of fine art, image inanimate objects, placed in a real everyday environment and organized into a specific group; a painting depicting household items, flowers, fruits, game, caught fish, etc.

Shanko Irina "Still life with peppers" canvas/oil 40/40

Nu (naked) (derived from the French nu - naked, undressed) - artistic genre in sculpture, painting, photography and cinema, depicting the beauty of the nude human body, predominantly female. In its development, the nude is closely related to the image of the naked human body and embodies the ideal of beauty of a given country and era. The nude originated in the Renaissance within the framework of mythological, allegorical, historical and everyday genres.

Frame is one of the genres of fine art, the characteristic features of which are special moves perspective paintings that create the effect of optical illusion and blur the line between reality and image.

Parsuna (distorted Latin persona - person, person) - originally a synonym modern concept a portrait, regardless of style, image technique, place and time of painting. The concept of parsun in the meaning of a work of the transition period from icon painting to secular portraiture.

Pastoral (French pastorale - pastoral, rural) is a genre in literature, painting, music and theater. A genre that elevates simple rural life into a different hypostasis, embellishing it and deifying it.

Landscape (French paysage, from pays - country, area) is a genre dedicated to the depiction of any area: rivers, mountains, fields, forests, rural or urban landscapes. A genre in which the canvas depicts pictures of nature. This is a volumetric direction that includes the city landscape, seascape, and other similar topics. In fine arts, this is the name for both genre and individual works dedicated to nature. This can be pristine nature, as well as one transformed by man - an industrial landscape.

Shanko Irina "The Leprosy of Time" canvas/oil 70/70

Portrait (French portrait, “to reproduce something feature by feature”) is a genre of fine art dedicated to the depiction of a person or group of people; varieties - self-portrait, group portrait, ceremonial, chamber, costume portrait, portrait miniature. In the center of the picture is an image of a man. The artist uses techniques that convey not only appearance, but also the inner world of his hero.

Shanko Irina canvas/oil size: 37/45

Religious genre. This includes iconography and other paintings on religious themes.

Thematic picture- mixing traditional genres of painting (everyday, historical, battle, compositional portrait, landscape, etc.)

Shanko Irina "Fragments of memory" canvas/oil 60/50

Cartoon (French charge) is a humorous or satirical image in which the characteristic features of a model are changed and emphasized within normal limits, with the aim of making fun, and not humiliating and insulting as is usually done in caricatures. (see caricature)

Hua Niao (translated from Chinese: birds and flowers) - genre Chinese painting, depicting birds and flowers.

Shan Shui (translated from Chinese: mountains and water) is a genre of Chinese painting depicting mountains and waterfalls.

Genres of painting can merge and interact closely with each other. Some genres lose relevance over time, but many, on the contrary, continue to develop along with life.

Sculpture and symphony, painting and story, film and palace, performance and dance - all these are works various types art.

Arts are classified according to different criteria. Fine Arts show external reality in artistic images, non-fine arts express the inner world. Non-fine arts : music, dance and literature, as well as architecture. There are also mixed (synthetic) types of arts: cinema, theater, ballet, circus, etc.
Within each art form there are divisions called genres in accordance with the themes and objects of the image. This is what we will talk to you about today.

Kinds of art

Fine arts

Painting

Perhaps this is one of the most widespread forms of art. The very first works of painting date back to ancient times; they were discovered on the walls of caves of ancient people.
It is considered very ancient monumental painting, which developed in the form mosaics And frescoes(painting on wet plaster).

St Nicholas. Fresco of Dionysius. Ferapontov Monastery
Easel painting– these are paintings of different genres, painted on canvas (cardboard, paper) most often with oil paints.

Genres of painting

IN modern painting There are the following genres: portrait, historical, mythological, battle, everyday life, landscape, still life, animalistic genre.
Portrait genre reflects the external and internal appearance of a person or group of people. This genre is widespread not only in painting, but also in sculpture, graphics, etc. The main task of the portrait genre is to convey external resemblance and disclosure inner world, the essence of human character.

I. Kramskoy “Portrait of Sofia Ivanovna Kramskoy”
Historical genre(depiction of historical events and characters). Of course, genres in painting are often intertwined, because... when depicting, for example, some historical event, the artist has to turn to the portrait genre, etc.
Mythological genre– illustration of myths and legends different nations.

S. Botticelli “Birth of Venus”
Battle genre- an image of battles, military exploits, military operations, glorifying battles, the triumph of victory. The battle genre can also include elements of other genres - domestic, portrait, landscape, animalistic, still life.

V. Vasnetsov “After the massacre of Igor Svyatoslavich with the Polovtsians”
Everyday genre– depiction of scenes from a person’s everyday, personal life.

A. Venetsianov “On the arable land”
Scenery– image of nature, environment, views of countryside, cities, historical monuments etc.

And Savrasov “The rooks have arrived”
Marina- seascape.
Still life(translated from French - “dead nature”) - an image of household items, labor, creativity, flowers, fruits, dead game, caught fish, placed in a real everyday environment.
Animalistic genre– image of animals.

Graphic arts

The name of this type of fine art comes from the Greek word grapho - I write, I draw.
Graphics primarily include drawing and engraving, in which the design is created mainly using a line on a sheet of paper or a cutter on a solid material, from which the image is imprinted onto a sheet of paper.

Types of graphics

Engraving- a design is applied to the flat surface of the material, which is then covered with paint and stamped on paper. The number of impressions varies depending on the engraving technique and material. The main materials for engraving are metal (copper, zinc, steel), wood (boxwood, palm, pear, cherry, etc.), linoleum, cardboard, plastic, plexiglass. The engraving board is processed by mechanical means, steel tools or acid etching.
Printmaking– an impression from an engraving board (engraving, lithography, silk-screen printing, monotype), which is easel work artistic graphics. The print is printed from a board that the artist himself engraved; often he also makes the impressions. Such works are usually signed, author's copies and are considered originals. Prints are available in black and white and color.
Book graphics- the design of the book, its decorative design, illustrations.
Industrial graphics – creation of product labels, brand names, publishing marks, packaging, advertising publications, forms and envelopes. It comes into contact with advertising and is included in the design system.
Bookplate- a sign indicating the owner of the book. The bookplate is attached to inner side book binding or cover. Book signs are engraved on wood, copper, linoleum, zincographic or lithographic methods.

Bookplate of Greta Garbo

Poster- an image designed for general attention, created for propaganda or educational purposes.
Linocut- engraving on linoleum.
Lithography– type of engraving: drawing a picture on a stone and making an impression from it.
Woodcut– wood engraving.

Katsushika Hokusai " A big wave in Kanagawa", woodcut
Etching– type of engraving on metal, engraving method and impression obtained by this method.
Computer graphics– images are compiled on a computer and shown dynamically or statically. When creating this type of graphics, it is possible to see how the image is formed at all stages and make unlimited adjustments.

Sculpture

This type of art also originated in ancient times. Many images of animals sculpted from clay or carved from stone have been found, quite accurately conveying them appearance. Many female figurines have been preserved that embody the powerful feminine principle. Perhaps these are primitive images of goddesses. Ancient sculptors exaggerated their fertile powers, depicting them with powerful hips, and archaeologists call them “Venuses.”

Venus of Willendorf, about 23 thousand years BC. e., Central Europe
Sculpture is divided into round, freely placed in space, and relief, in which volumetric images are located on a plane.
As in painting, in sculpture there are easel and monumental forms. Monumental sculpture intended for streets and squares, such a monument is created on for a long time, so it is usually made of bronze, marble, granite. Easel sculpture – these are portraits or small genre groups made of wood, plaster and other materials.

Monument to the postman. Nizhny Novgorod

Arts and crafts

The creators of works of decorative and applied art set themselves two goals: to create a thing that is necessary for everyday life, but this thing must simultaneously have certain artistic qualities. Everyday objects should not only serve a person practically, but also decorate life, delight the eye with the perfection of shapes and colors.
Of course, now many works of decorative and applied art have mainly aesthetic significance, but this was not always the case.

Main types of decorative and applied arts

Batik– hand painting on fabric

Work using the hot batik technique (using wax)
Beading
Embroidery
Knitting

Lace making
Carpet weaving
Tapestry
Quilling- the art of making flat or three-dimensional compositions from long and narrow strips of paper twisted into spirals.

Quilling technique
Ceramics
Mosaic
Jewelry Art
Lacquer miniature

Palekh lacquer miniature
Artistic painting on wood
Artistic painting on metal

Zhostovo tray
Artistic carving
Artistic processing of leather

Artistic painting on ceramics

Artistic metal processing
Pyrography(burning on wood, leather, fabric, etc.)
Working with glass

Upper half of a window at Canterbury Cathedral, UK
Origami

Photographic art

The art of artistic photography. The genres are basically the same as in painting.

Graffiti

Images on walls or other surfaces. Graffiti refers to any type of street painting on walls, on which you can find everything from simple written words to elaborate drawings.

Graffiti

Comic

Drawn stories, stories in pictures. Comics combine the features of such art forms as literature and fine art.

Artist Winsor McCay "Little Sammy Sneezes"

Non-fine arts

Architecture

Architecture– the art of designing and constructing buildings. Architectural structures can exist in the form of individual buildings or as ensembles. But sometimes ensembles are formed historically: from buildings built in different time, a single whole is formed. An example is Moscow's Red Square.
Architecture allows us to judge technical achievements And artistic styles different eras. Have survived to this day Egyptian pyramids, built about 5 thousand years ago, temples Ancient Greece and Rome. Any city in any country is famous for its architectural structures.

Palace Square in St. Petersburg

Literature

IN in a broad sense words: a set of any written texts.
Types of literature: fiction, documentary prose, memoirs, scientific and popular science, reference, educational, technical.

Genres of literature

A literary work can be classified as a particular genre according to various criteria: by form (short story, ode, opus, essay, story, play, short story, novel, sketch, epic, epos, essay), by content (comedy, farce, vaudeville , sideshow, sketch, parody, sitcom, comedy of characters, tragedy, drama), by gender.
Epic kind: fable, epic, ballad, myth, short story, story, short story, novel, epic novel, fairy tale, epic.
Lyrical gender: ode, message, stanzas, elegy, epigram.
Lyric-epic genus: ballad, poem.
Dramatic gender: drama, comedy, tragedy.

Music

Music- this is art, the means of embodying artistic images for which are sound and silence, in a special way organized in time. But in general, to give one exhaustively precise definition the concept of “music” is impossible. This special kind creative activity, including craft and profession.
The type and stylistic variety of music is great.
Classic (or serious)– professional musical compositions, born in the culture of Europe mainly from the New Age (the turn of the 16th-17th centuries) and in the Middle Ages;
Popular– predominantly song and dance musical genres.
Extra-European (non-European)– music of those peoples (East) whose culture differs from the culture of Western European civilization.
Ethnic (folk)– folklore musical works of different peoples, emphasizing the identity of an ethnic group, nation, tribe.
Variety (easy)– music of an entertaining nature, intended for relaxation.
Jazz– performing traditions of American blacks reinterpreted by Europeans, based on a synthesis of African and European musical elements.
Rock– music of small vocal and instrumental groups of young people, characterized by the obligatory presence of percussion and electric musical instruments, primarily guitars.
Avant-garde (experimental)- direction in professional composing in the 20th century.
Alternative– new musical compositions or performances (sound presentations, “performances”), fundamentally different from all types of music known today.
Types of music can also be determined by the function it performs: military, church, religious, theater, dance, film music, etc.
Or by the nature of the performance: vocal, instrumental, chamber, vocal-instrumental, choral, solo, electronic, piano, etc.

Each type of music has its own genres. Let's take an example genres of instrumental music.
Instrumental music- this is music performed on instruments, without participation human voice. Instrumental music can be symphonic or chamber music.
Chamber music– compositions intended for performance in small spaces, for home, “room” music playing. Chamber music has great potential for conveying lyrical emotions and subtle states of mind person. The genres of chamber music include: sonatas, quartets, plays, quintets, etc.
Sonata– one of the main instrumental genres chamber music. Usually consists of 3 (4) parts.
Etude – musical piece, designed to improve technical skills in playing the instrument.
Nocturne(French “night”) is a genre of a small one-part melodious lyrical piece for piano.
Prelude(Latin for “introduction”) – a short instrumental piece. Improvisational introduction to the main piece. But it can also be an independent work.

Quartet – musical composition for 4 performers.
Within each type of music, their own styles and trends can arise and develop, distinguished by stable and characteristic structural and aesthetic features: classicism, romanticism, impressionism, expressionism, neoclassicism, serialism, avant-garde, etc.

Choreography

Choreography is the art of dance.

Spectacular (mixed or synthetic) arts

Theater

A spectacular art form that represents a synthesis various arts: literature, music, choreography, vocals, visual arts and others.

Puppet show
Types of theaters: drama, opera, ballet, puppet theater, pantomime theater, etc. The art of theater has been known for a long time: theater was born from the most ancient ritual festivals, which in allegorical form reproduced natural phenomena or labor processes.

Opera

An art form in which poetry and dramatic art, vocal and instrumental music, facial expressions, dancing, painting, scenery and costumes.

Teatro alla Scala (Milan)

Stage

This type of art of small forms is predominantly popular and entertaining. Variety includes the following directions: singing, dancing, circus on stage, illusionism, conversational genre, clowning.

Circus

A type of spectacular art, according to the laws of which it is built entertainment performance. The content of modern circus performances is the demonstration of magic tricks, pantomime, clowning, reprise, demonstration of exceptional abilities, often associated with risk (physical strength, acrobatics, balancing act), trained animals.

Film art

A type of entertainment art, which is also a synthesis of the arts: literature, theater, dance, fine arts (scenery), etc.

Ballet

View performing arts; a performance whose content is embodied in musical and choreographic images. Based on the classic ballet performance lies a certain plot, a dramatic plan. In the 20th century a plotless ballet appeared, the dramaturgy of which was based on the development inherent in the music.

GENRES OF PAINTING (French genre - genus, type) - a historically established division of works of painting in accordance with the themes and objects of the image.

Although the concept of “genre” appeared in painting relatively recently, certain genre differences have existed since ancient times: images of animals in Paleolithic caves, portraitsAncient Egyptand Mesopotamia from 3 thousand BC, landscapes and still lifes in Hellenistic and Roman mosaics and frescoes. Formation of the genre as a system in easel painting began in Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. and ended mainly in the 17th century, when, in addition to the division of fine art into genres, the concept of the so-called appeared. “high” and “low” genres depending on the subject of the image, theme, plot. The “high” genre included historical and mythological genres, and the “low” genre included portrait, landscape, and still life. This gradation of genres lasted until the 19th century. although with exceptions.

So, in the 17th century. in Holland, it was the “low” genres (landscape, everyday life, still life) that became leading in painting, and ceremonial portrait, which formally belonged to the “low” genre of portraiture, was not one of them. Having become a form of displaying life, the genres of painting, with all their stability, common features are not immutable, they develop along with life, changing as art develops. Some genres are dying out or gaining new meaning(for example, a mythological genre), new ones arise, usually within previously existing ones (for example, within a landscape genre, architectural landscape And marina). Works appear that combine various genres (for example, a combination of an everyday genre with a landscape, a group portrait with a historical genre).

SELF-PORTRAIT(from the French autoportrait) - a portrait of oneself. Usually this refers to a pictorial image; however, self-portraits can also be sculptural, literary, cinematic, photographic, etc.

Rembrandt "Self-Portrait".

ALLEGORY(Greek allegoria - allegory) - the expression of abstract ideas with the help of specific artistic images. Example: “justice” is a woman with scales.

Moretto da Brescia "Allegory of Faith"

ANIMAL(from Latin animal - animal) - a genre associated with the depiction of animals in painting, sculpture and graphics.

D. Stubbs. Mares and foals in a landscape by the river. 1763-1768

BATTLE(from the French bataille - battle) - dedicated to the depiction of military actions and military life.

Averyanov Alexander Yurievich. href="http://www.realartist.ru/names/averyanov/30/">Waterloo.

DOMESTIC- associated with the depiction of a person’s daily life.

Nikolai Dmitrievich DMITRIEV-ORENBURG (1837-1898). Fire in the village

GALLANT- “courteous, polite, courteous, courteous, interesting” is outdated. associated with the depiction of exquisite lyrical scenes from the life of court ladies and gentlemen in artistic works mainly of the 18th century.

Gerard ter Borch the Younger. Gallant soldier.

HISTORICAL- one of the main genres of fine art, dedicated to historical events of the past and present, socially significant phenomena in the history of peoples.

Pavel Ryzhenko. Victory of Peresvet.

CARICATURE- a genre of fine art that uses the means of satire and humor, grotesque, caricature, an image in which a comic effect is created by exaggeration and sharpening of characteristic features. A caricature ridicules a character's flaw or depravity in order to attract him and the people around him, in order to force him to change for the better.

MYTHOLOGICAL- dedicated to events and heroes about which myths tell. Gods, demiurges, heroes, demons, mythical creatures, historical and mythological characters. In the 19th century, the mythological genre served as the norm for high, ideal art.

Alexander Ivanov. Bellerophon sets out on a campaign against the Chimera.

STILL LIFE- a genre of fine art, images of inanimate objects placed in a real everyday environment and organized into a specific group; a painting depicting household items, flowers, fruits, game, caught fish, etc.

Aenvanck Theodoor

Nude(nude) - an artistic genre in sculpture, painting, photography and cinema, depicting the beauty of the naked human body, mainly female.

Venus of Urbino, Titian

PASTORAL(French pastorale - pastoral, rural) - a genre in literature, painting, music and theater, depicting the idyllic life of shepherds and shepherdesses in nature.

SCENERY(French paysage, from pays - country, area), is a genre dedicated to the depiction of any area: rivers, mountains, fields, forests, rural or urban landscapes.

Href="http://solsand.com/wiki/doku.php?id=ostade&DokuWiki=7593bff333e2d137d17806744c6dbf83" >Adriana van Ostade

PORTRAIT(French portrait, “to reproduce something feature by feature”) is a genre of fine art dedicated to the depiction of a person or group of people; varieties - self-portrait, group portrait, ceremonial, chamber, costume portrait, portrait miniature.

Borovikovsky V. “Portrait of M. I. Lopukhina”

THEMATIC PICTURE- definition of a peculiar crossing of traditional genres of painting, which contributed to the creation of large-scale works on social significant topics with a clearly defined plot, plot action, and multi-figure composition. Briefly: - mixing traditional genres of painting: everyday life, history, battle, compositional portrait, landscape, etc.

Robert, Hubert - Inspection of the old church

CARTOON or FRIENDLY CARTOON(French charge) - a humorous or satirical image in which the characteristic features of the model are changed and emphasized within the normal limits, with the aim of making fun, and not humiliating and insulting as is usually done in caricatures.

Allegory (from ancient Greek ἀλληγορία - allegory) in the visual arts appeared in ancient times and was known in antiquity. If we express in simple words, what is allegory in painting and art in general, then we can say that it is artistic image with subtext. Specific images, for example, figures of people, animals, objects, objects, and so on, in allegorical painting express any concept, idea, philosophy. Paintings by artists that are filled with symbols are quite common, and at the time they were very developed and popular. In this regard, a whole doctrine of allegorical symbols and images appeared.

Many artists of the past encrypted such allegorical symbols, which criticized power, religion, way of life, specific people, and so on, but were completely incomprehensible to ordinary viewers and could only be deciphered by people who were well versed in the symbols of allegory. Otherwise, artists create paintings that can be understood by the average viewer and freely interpreted by them. For example, if a woman holds scales, then there is an allegory of justice, if a sword, then war is implied, winter can be expressed by white clothes, autumn by an abundance of ripe fruits, winged cupids express love, a scythe - death, hourglass- time passing and so on and so on. There can be a countless number of symbols or allegories. In addition, each artist can create his own allegorical formulas and symbols in accordance with the ideas of his time, which we can observe, for example, in modern magazine cartoons. Often used as allegorical images ancient gods, deities, demigods, heroes. Since in ancient times almost every phenomenon in human life had their own god, patron, muse, and so on, then they are best suited to, with the help of beautiful, poetic, romantic images express the essence of the idea.

With the help of allegory, the artist achieves meaningful depth in his work. By placing one or more allegorical symbols in the area of the plot, the artist achieves a real philosophical concept, which is perceived all the more vividly by a person when expressed with the help of beautiful external images. It is also worth noting that the allegorical thinking of artists directly influenced the subsequent development of painting in general. It is the veiled images hidden meaning, the symbolic code of painting, which were originally inherent in the art of Hellenism and then classicism, subsequently began to transform into more complex and developed designs, turning into various avant-garde arts.