Interesting facts from the history of the Gorodilov family. Surnames - history of origin, interesting facts

The word "surname" comes from Latin language.

IN Ancient Rome this term was used to describe a large patriarchal family. It is interesting that slaves were also included in the “surname”.

Almost 40% of Vietnamese people have the surname Nguyen.

There are almost 100 million people with the surname Li in China.

The vast majority of Icelanders do not have surnames at all. Instead, something like a patronymic is used. It looks something like this: Karl Eriksson – “Karl, son of Erik” or Ulrika Eriksdottir – “Ulrika, daughter of Erik”. Interesting fact: surnames are officially prohibited in Iceland in order to “preserve traditions.” The corresponding law was adopted in 1925. Tibetans, residents of Myanmar, Amharas and some other peoples also do not use surnames.

The surname Schwarzenegger is translated from German as “black farmer.” Director of Hercules in New York, the first feature film, in which Iron Arnie starred, considered it too difficult for ordinary Americans. That's why in end credits"Hercules" Schwarzenegger is designated as ArnoldStrong (Arnold Strong) - Arnold Strong.

More than 300 thousand Swedes bear the surname Karlsson. I wonder how many of them live on the roof?

In the United States, approximately one in every 150 people bears the surname Smith.

The surname of Sigmund Freud (in German Freud) is consonant with the word “joy” - freude.

An interesting fact related to the Russian Navy: by a strange coincidence, all the captains and boatswains of the Letuchy TFR had “bird” surnames: Ptitsyn, Lebedev, Gusev, Vorobiev, etc.

According to old American phone books, there were 22 Hitlers living in New York before World War II, and after that there were none!

One of the most common surnames in Italy is the surname Rossi. For some reason, it is most often found in combination with the name Mario. If you meet an Italian with the last name Rossi, then with a probability of over 90% (!) his name is Mario.

In France there lives a family with a very original surname - “1792”. I wonder what this set of numbers symbolizes? Did the strange French really choose the year the Revolutionary Wars began as their last name?

Contrary to popular belief, Herman (or rather, Hermann) is not the name of the main character of the story by A.S. Pushkin " Queen of Spades", and his last name! The name of the young German gambler is not indicated at all in the story. This common misconception arose due to Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who, in the libretto of the opera “The Queen of Spades” written by his famous older brother, made a mistake and wrote Hermann with one “n”. Here's an interesting fact about the surname literary hero turned into his name.

In 1811, Napoleonic army occupied Holland. By personal decree of Napoleon, all Dutch were to receive surnames, like the inhabitants of France. The Dutch believed that their country was temporarily occupied, and the “stupid French idea” would not last long. Therefore, they often took frankly idiotic surnames for themselves: Stront (“Pooping”), Naaktgeboren (“High-Born”), Piest (“Pissing”), etc. Oddly enough, the innovation caught on, and the descendants of the Dutch jokers are forced to bear these ridiculous surnames to this day.

Koreans only have three hundred different surnames, but there are several thousand options for traditional names. Therefore, both in the North and in South Korea It’s much easier to meet a namesake than a namesake.

Representatives of the highest nobility Russian Empire often gave their children on the side their own surnames, however in a special way trimmed down. So the illegitimate offspring of the Obolenskys became the Lenskys, the Apraksins - the Praksins, the Balakirevs - the Lakirevs, etc.

It is interesting that in the USSR, cosmonauts from friendly countries were forced to change their surnames if they were dissonant to the Russian ear. For example, the Bulgarian cosmonaut Georgi Kakalov became Ivanov the day before the launch, and the Pole Miroslav Hermashevsky, through the efforts of officials, turned into Hermashevsky.

Surnames, which we have long considered to be our indisputable affiliation, have finally been assigned in Rus' to “users” in late XIX, or even at the beginning of the 20th century. Basically, they were formed from names, nicknames, crafts, and place of residence. The process of family registration was long and not without incidents. Examples are in this article.

His Highness the black-haired laugher

In the 14th–15th centuries, princes and boyars slowly began to acquire surnames. They began to be named after the lands they owned - this is how the Tver, Vyazemsky, Meshchersky, Shuisky, etc. appeared. By nicknames - Scriabins, Lykovs, Glazatye, Gagarins.
The latter - which is symbolic - descended from Prince Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest. One of his descendants had five sons, three of whom had the nickname Gagara, which in Rus' meant “big black water hen.” A person could be called this because of his black hair color or because he “loiters” a lot - laughing for no reason or wandering around idle. In general, the princely branch of the Gagarins came from these black-haired laughers.
The boyar family of the Scriabins got their name from the old nickname Scriab. Scrape - scrape, scratch. Scrub - a brush for cleaning horses, a comb for wool and cotton, a spatula for scraping ice. The one who methodically used these tools and generally loved cleanliness was called Skryaba.

How the Cat became Romanov

The metamorphosis of boyar families that grew from nicknames can be traced through the Romanov family. Who would have thought that the royal family descended from the Mare and the Cat? But the fact is clear: it was the boyar Andrei Kobyla, who lived in the 14th century, who was the first historically reliable ancestor royal family. Then his son Fyodor Koshka took over the baton (as you can see, surnames were not yet passed on by inheritance), whose descendants were called Koshkins. Then, from generation to generation, events developed like this. Zakhary Koshkin's son Yuri became Zakharyin-Koshkin, Yuriy's son Roman was called Roman Zakharyin-Yuryev. His son, Nikita Romanovich, had the same surname. But the surname Romanov was firmly attached to his children.
The Russian nobility could not do without the Horde. Thus, the princely family of the Yusupovs originates from the Nogai ruler Yusuf-Murza (Yusup). And the founder of the Beklemishev nobles was Fyodor Elizarovich, who had the nickname Beklemish. Beklemishes were the name for zipuns, which were worn by watchmen in winter, becoming very clumsy in this attire. So besides direct meaning“to guard” (in Tatar) the word also meant “to be clumsy.” By the way, the surname of “historian of the Russian state” Nikolai Karamzin came from Kara-Murza.

Scottish sun of Russian poetry

Russified foreigners who came from the west also added diversity to the family line. For example, the ancestor of the playwright Denis Fonvizin, whom Pushkin called “from the Per-Russians to the Russians,” was the German Baron von Wissin, who was captured during Livonian War(1558–1583) and later converted to Orthodoxy. Therefore, initially the surname of these glorious representatives of the noble family was spelled Fon-Vizin, and only at the end of the 19th century the literary scholar Nikolai Tikhonravov established the familiar continuous spelling.
Second, according to official version, “the sun of Russian poetry” - Mikhail Lermontov - appeared on our horizon thanks to the Scotsman Georg Lermont. George entered the service of the Polish king Sigismund and in August 1613 he found himself among the defenders of the Belaya fortress. Russian troops surrounded the fortress, negotiations began, and a detachment of Scottish volunteers went into the service of the Moscow Tsar. The “Shatsky” (Scottish) warrior Lermont was “received with honors and recognition of noble dignity”, began to be called Yuri, and the surname over time acquired the suffix “-ov”.

Not a good last name

Most Russian surnames answer the question “whose are you?” - Gavrilin, Fedorov, Kuznetsov, Kozhevnikov. Moreover, by how complete the parent’s name sounds, it was often possible to determine the nobility of the family. So, if the prince-boyars were nicknamed Vasilyev, then the son of a peasant or artisan could well become Vaskin or Vasyatkin.
The same question is answered by the strange-sounding Sedykh, Zhivago, Fominykh or Durnovo at first glance. It's bad and doesn't sound as offensive as simply Bad. In general, there are a lot of “bad” names: Chertanov (from the devil), Zlobin, Neustroyev, Golodov, Nekrasov and even Negodyaev. They came from “protective names”, which were customary to name newborns in Ancient Rus'. It was believed that the name-amulet would scare away evil spirits and help Nekras to grow up handsome, the Devil to be an angel, Hunger to always be well-fed, and the Scoundrel to be a good-natured man.

Skillful ennoblement of the name of the reins

The clergy acquired surnames quite late - the process began in mid-18th century century. But, formed from the names of churches and Christian holidays using the suffix “-sk”, they were mostly beautiful: Rozhdestvensky, Uspensky, Troitsky, Nikolsky.
Some received surnames directly upon graduation from the seminary, and the best students were awarded especially euphonious ones.

Church Slavonic, Latin and Greek words were also used. Those who already had a surname were ennobled: Bobrov became Kastorsky (Latin castor - “beaver”), Skvortsov - Sturnitsky (Latin sturnus - “starling”), and Orlov - Aquilev (Latin aquila - “eagle”).
In the same artificial way, the noble family of Vozhzhinsky arose, the ancestor of which was the court coachman of Catherine I, Andreyan Savelyev. The faithful servant was elevated to hereditary nobility, and his descendants began to be called in honor of Andreyan’s main tool of labor - the reins.

Bastards for the ages

The offspring of illegitimate children from the people's environment with surnames were often unlucky. After all, what nicknames could babies born in sin have? Baystryukov, Kurvenok, Zamarysh, Besputok... And so the Baystryukovs, Grekhovodovs and Christaradins appeared.
If the sinning mother still found family happiness, the child was considered half alien, as evidenced by the part “half-”. This is where the Polovinkins, Poluvarvarins, Polu-Nadezhdins, and Poluanins came from (from Anna’s mother).
Among the nobility, natural children were treated more loyally. In the 19th century, the practice flourished, although not giving them the full names of their fathers, but hinting at their origin by cutting off the first syllable, and they did not become outcasts in society. Thus, the son of Prince Nikolai Repnin bore the surname Pnin and was a famous writer and publicist at that time. A illegitimate son Prince Trubetskoy Ivan Betsky was the personal secretary of Catherine II, who greatly served the cause of education.
Sometimes the name of the “fruit of sin” served as a memory of love, albeit not legally approved. This is how, for example, Sherov (French cher - “dear”) and Amantov (French amant - “beloved”) were born. And Alexander Herzen, born from landowner Ivan Yakovlev and 16-year-old German Henrietta Haag, whose marriage was not formalized, had his father come up with his surname. Herz in German means “heart” (by the way, since we are talking about literature and letarators, I recommend this one to you).

The leader is the most humble

In 1888, a special decree of the Senate was issued, which stated that “to be called by a certain surname is not only the right, but also the duty of every full-fledged person, and the designation of the surname on some documents is required by law itself.” Nevertheless, the census conducted in 1897 showed that up to 75% of the population continued to do without surnames - this figure was due to the national outskirts of Russia. And only in the 1930s did all residents of the USSR (perhaps with rare exceptions) finally acquire surnames. The top ten “leaders” sometimes vary or change places, but roughly look like this: Smirnov, Ivanov, Kuznetsov, Sokolov, Popov, Lebedev, Kozlov, Novikov, Morozov, Petrov.
One should not be surprised at Smirnov’s popularity, since they called him “smirny” in large families. peasant families any quiet one who did not deliver unnecessary hassle child.

The word "surname" comes from the Latin language. In ancient Rome, this term was used to describe a large patriarchal family. It is interesting that slaves were also included in the “surname”.

Almost 40% of Vietnamese people have the surname Nguyen.

There are almost 100 million people with the surname Li in China.

The vast majority of Icelanders do not have surnames at all. Instead, something like a patronymic is used. It looks something like this: Karl Eriksson - "Karl, son of Erik" or Ulrika Eriksdottir - "Ulrika, daughter of Erik." Interesting fact: surnames are officially prohibited in Iceland in order to “preserve traditions.” The corresponding law was adopted in 1925. Tibetans, residents of Myanmar, Amharas and some other peoples also do not use surnames.

The surname Schwarzenegger is translated from German as “black farmer.” The director of Hercules in New York, the first feature film in which Iron Arnie starred, considered it too difficult for ordinary Americans. That's why in the end credits of "Hercules" Schwarzenegger is identified as ArnoldStrong (Arnold Strong) - Arnold Strong.

More than 300 thousand Swedes bear the surname Karlsson. I wonder how many of them live on the roof?

In the United States, approximately one in every 150 people bears the surname Smith.

The last name of Sigmund Freud (in German Freud) is consonant with the word “joy” - freude.

An interesting fact related to the Russian Navy: by a strange coincidence, all the captains and boatswains of the Letuchy TFR had “bird” surnames: Ptitsyn, Lebedev, Gusev, Vorobiev, etc.

According to old American phone books, there were 22 Hitlers living in New York before World War II, and after that - not a single one!

Contrary to popular belief, Herman (or rather, Hermann) is not the name of the main character of the story by A.S. Pushkin’s “Queen of Spades”, and his last name! The name of the young German gambler is not indicated at all in the story. This common misconception arose due to Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who, in the libretto of the opera “The Queen of Spades” written by his famous older brother, made a mistake and wrote Hermann with one “n”. Here is an interesting fact about how the surname of a literary hero turned into his name.

Koreans have only three hundred different surnames, but there are several thousand variations of traditional names. Therefore, in both North and South Korea it is much easier to meet a namesake than a namesake.

Representatives of the highest nobility of the Russian Empire often gave their children on the side their own surnames, but shortened in a special way. So the illegitimate offspring of the Obolenskys became the Lenskys, the Apraksins - the Praksins, the Balakirevs - the Lakirevs, etc.

Surname - researchers are already quite puzzled by the solution to its mystery for a long time, which is not surprising, because she, like human name, can tell about inner essence person, and in addition to this, it can also tell about the relationship of the bearer.

Today, there is nothing unusual about a person having, in addition to his first name, a patronymic and a last name - it is taken for granted. A person without them would be of interest, but it is almost impossible to meet such a person. But this was not always the case - and we will talk about this and much more further, in the most interesting facts about surnames we have given...

The exact date of appearance is not determined by history

The exact date of the appearance of the first surnames has not been determined, this is a fact. There are many versions, but the most plausible is the one that claims the primary emergence of surnames in the north of modern Italy in the 10th century. Today, researchers want to check the version about the 4th century, but it is expected that it will not be confirmed again...

In Russia, the formation of surnames dragged on for four centuries

Surprising, but still a fact - on Russian territories the formation of surnames lasted for four centuries, while in European countries this period was many times shorter, although in many ways more attention was paid to the name. In the higher social strata, the titles and family names of the boyars were taken as a basis.

The fall of serfdom...

Surprisingly, such an event as the fall of serfdom in 1861 forced the then authorities to “family” the entire population of the state. Then, in the shortest possible time, it was necessary to give men's and female surnames tens of millions of liberated people. The main rule of “surname” was the use of the patronymic, and sometimes the name itself, which is where the Ivanovs and Alexandrovs came from, without any meaning or meaning as such.

Tsarist Russia: nowhere without the will of the sovereign

IN Tsarist Russia It was not possible for even the most distinguished individuals to change their surnames, this is also a fact, and all because the permission of the sovereign himself was needed, who had a negative attitude towards this process. At the same time, it was easier for the clergy to do this - they only needed the approval of the clergy.

The surname is like a gift from the emperor

The famous artist Bryullov was French by origin (Bryullo), and he received the letter “B” at the end only after the blessing of the emperor, who presented it as a gift to the artist.

Namesakes of the modern world...

According to statistics, the most popular in Russia is not “Ivanov,” as is commonly believed, but Smirnov, and this is an absolute fact. In Ukraine - “Shevchenko”. In Sweden on this moment There are more than 300 thousand residents of Carlson. Well, the record holder is China, where almost 100 million citizens bear the prefix “Li”, which often coincides with their personal name.

"Familyless" Iceland

It’s amazing but true that there are no surnames in Iceland. Once the government raised the issue of their appropriation, but on the contrary, it led to their complete ban. It was forbidden to appropriate women's and male surnames Icelanders, and now all over the world patronymics are used instead, and the greatest weight is given to the name.

A few words about energy...

Modern research scientists are confident that the energy of a surname, as well as its meaning, is severalfold stronger than that, which every human name has. It is believed that it transmits the energy of all people wearing it. Thus, unlike names, in in this case, rarity does not always mean good energy (for example, Hitler, Stalin, etc.).

Indian surname is rare

Surprisingly, the third part of a personal name, perceived as a surname, in India is actually just a name for a caste. Now Hindus are trying to abandon this idea and replace the names of the caste in order to get closer to modern world culturally. But most still prefer to use the name, the component of the name dictated by the stars and the birthday, and the name of the kata.

Peoples Central Asia…

There is a fact that until the thirties of the last century, bearers of surnames in Central Asia were an absolute minority, and at the same time, they tried to “familyize” the people of those lands three times (for the first time, before the First World War), and three times to no avail. The peoples of those territories ignored the process of “familization” and did not pay attention to how they were recorded.

Surnames at the legislative level...

The trend is that in countries around the world, surnames are approved by law later than the moment when the entire population of the country already has a surname. Thus, everywhere legislative acts are considered late, and usually by tens of years, or a century.

In general, unfortunately, quite little attention is paid to surnames, both by astrologers and researchers - only names are studied, while surnames have energy that can greatly influence a person, both in terms of building his personality and psychologically. It is believed that every variation of a surname that exists on the planet represents something like “ hard drive", storing good and bad information (from media).