A fast dance popular in the last century. List of used literature

In the 20s of the 20th century, the Charleston dance became especially popular. It is believed that Charleston has African-American roots and is from the city of Charleston (South Carolina). Whether this is so is unknown for certain. The rhythm of this dance was so fiery that the whole world began to dance the Charleston. The dance did not catch on immediately, many of its movements were even considered indecent, but over time it gained enormous popularity, in 1926. Director Ernest Lubitsch, who directed the film This Is Paris, included a grandiose number in it - “Un ballo in maschera”, where 2,500 participants danced the Charleston.
Modern
In the 30s A wave of new dances is emerging on the American continent and in Europe. One of them is the Lindi Hop. This ballroom dance with bounces got its name in honor of the famous aviator Lindbergh, who was the first to fly across the Atlantic. Under the influence of jazz, Lindy hop gradually turned into swing, and temperamental black melodies marked the beginning of boogie wuggie. In America, this dance was more often called the Jitterbag, in the British Isles - jive. Now we know this dance as rock and roll. The jitterbug itself, combining the movements of the Lindy Hop and the Charleston, gave rise to the emergence of disco as a dance style.

In the early 50s, rock and roll fever broke out in the world. In 1954 The films “Rock Around the Clock” and “Seed of Violence” with the participation of Bill Haley were shown on European screens, which contributed to the growth of the popularity of the dance. By the early 60s, the first wave of rock and roll had died down. The time has come for twist, shake, beat and other dances. The return of dance began in 1968, and was associated with the work of the Beatles. Since 1974 -1975, rock and roll has been considered one of the fashionable dances and is now called modern sports dance.
In the 70s Disco dance is gaining popularity. The appearance of electronic instruments could not but affect the nature of the music and the manner of performance. A real disco boom was caused by the film released in 1977. movie "Saturday Night Fever". In it, John Travolta dances disco with all the elements characteristic of that time. In the movie "Glory" in the 80s, fifteen hundred people danced disco in the street. In our country, the great popularity of the disco style was facilitated by the performances of the GDR television ballet “Friedrichstadt Palace”. Today, disco movements are used by almost all pop and modern dance performers.
The richer and more diverse music became with the advent of new electromusical instruments, the more different musical styles, and with them various dance styles.
In the late 80s and early 90s, with the advent of video, certain styles gained popularity. The work of Michael Jackson, who was then known as the king of pop music and the king of dance, gave rise to a new type of performance - “a la Jackson”. His most famous videos from the albums “Thriller”, “Bad”, used disco, break, hip-hop movements.

The popularity of Latin American dances gave rise to such popular dances as the Lambada and the Macarena. Incendiary melodies with a characteristic manner of performance gave birth to a certain set of movements, which became very popular dances - Lambada and Macarena.

Break dance and Hip-hop styles. The dance, which is very similar to breaking, was known during slavery. In New Orleans they called it Kongo square dance. He received this name from the name of the square - Kongo square, where slaves once gathered. There they not only communicated and relaxed, but also competed in the art of dance. There were slaves different nationalities: Africans, Latin Americans, etc. The division into “teams” based on ethnicity gave particular urgency to the competition. Elements of acrobatics in dance are found among many nations. The break contains elements of African dances, fragments of the Brazilian martial art of slaves - “capoeira”, and much more.

The history of the break itself began in 1962. in the South Bronx. The founder is considered to be DJ Cool Herk. He came to the Bronx from Jamaica and brought with him the best traditions of Kingston street dancing. He came up with it in 1969. the term "B-Whoa" is from the abbreviation "break boy", which means "guy, break dancing" From the crowd of dancers, the best of the best dancers came out onto the stage and showed their skills. The so-called “break fights”.
Around the same time, in 1969. DJ Africa Bambaata coined the term "Hip-hop" as a designation an entire culture younger generation. He included not only dance, but also the art of reading text to music (rap) and graffiti (painting on walls with spray paint).

In the late 60s, breaking existed in the form of two dance styles: the New York acrobatic style (low or breaking) and the Los Angeles pantomime style (up or “electric boogie”). With changes in musical trends, break dancing techniques change and become more complex. In the 80s Films about break and hip-hop are being released: “Wild Style”, “Style Wars”, “Beat street”, “Graffiti Rock”. A year later, the San Francisco Ballet Theater opened the season with a gala concert of 46 breakers. Hundreds of breakers danced at the closing ceremony of the Los Angeles Olympics.

Breaking came to Russia in the late 80s - the films “How to Become a Star”, “Courier”, etc. Break dancing festivals were held in Sochi, in the Moscow region, etc. Then the fashion for breaking subsided. In 1995 - 1997 Breaking has become fashionable again: more energetic, full of acrobatic and power elements, fast gaits and jumps. International battles - team competitions - began to appear.
Hot top-techno, translated from English slang, is a hot movement technique. The style appeared in the 70s and early 80s. Formed under the influence of modern jazz and other schools. Is street style dance, includes elements of disco, flash, street jazz. (Bonnie M, Afrique Simon, Milli Vanilli, etc.)

If you look closely at modern styles and techniques of dancers, you can easily see in them movements that have analogues in folk dance. Each style, during its formation, absorbed the peculiarity that is characteristic of the national environment or the nationality of the performer.
It cannot be said that all dance styles have already been fully formed. Every performer, choreographer, director brings something to them all the time. The popularity of the dance is ensured by the performance of a large number of groups and individual dancers. Professional and street dancers had a huge influence on the formation of many styles. Contemporary dance is not only fashionable dance, but also street dance.

Modern dance is synonymous with the expression “popular dance”, “pop dance”. Modern dance can be pop, but pop dance is not always modern.

The term “pop dance” is a product of secular art history and reflects, first of all, the place where the performer enters. That is, not a theater stage, but a variety show venue or concert hall. The concept of “pop dance” also includes stylizations of folk dances, dance Sport, demi-classical, dances in the styles of everyday choreography, step, currently on the stage we see quite a lot of productions performed using the means of jazz dance or modern dance. Thus, the concept of “pop dance” unites quite a lot of areas of choreographic art. However, at present, many universities and institutes of culture and art have departments of “pop” dance. Unfortunately, nothing can be done about this terminological confusion.

To summarize, there are currently 4 main SYSTEMS of dance; classical dance, modern jazz dance, modern dance and folk dance. These are those areas of dance that have their own history, their own school, their own system of training performers, their own vocabulary.

At the same time, directions of dance art exist and develop. These include ballroom dance, step dance, flamenco, social or everyday dance.
However, in recent years there have been more and more mixed dance techniques that combine all the main systems. Choreographers in their productions try to find, first of all, something new and unusual, regardless of lexical affiliation. A choreographer thinks in movement, and since professional choreographers master many dance techniques, the process of borrowing and combining is inevitable. And in recent years, a term has emerged - CONTEMPORARY DANCE, a direction of dance that cannot be attributed to any style or system. And this is a natural process of integration.

LITERATURE:
1. “Dancing” by Lucy Smith, Moscow “Astel” 2001
2. “Fundamentals of modern dance” S.S. Polyatkov, Rostov-on-Don “Phoenix” 2006
3. “Modern jazz dance. Stages of development. Method. Technique" V.Yu. Nikitin.
4. “A Line Going to Infinity: Subjective Notes on Modern
choreography" Yu.M. Churko, Mn.: Polymya, 1999. 224 p.

The end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century was marked by a variety of cultural and artistic phenomena, styles and movements. Huge impact on world art African-American culture has a positive influence, primarily through music and new musical genres and trends, such as jazz, blues, ragtime. Based on new music and African movements, new dances and dance styles emerge - “Shimmy”, “Black Bottom”, “Charleston”, “Two-step”, “cakewalk”, etc.

All these dances are united by lightness, ease and, one might say, tomfoolery. Based on these dances, new dance styles and subtypes subsequently emerge. For example, the emergence of some types of professional ballroom dance - foxtrot, jive and quickstep, are closely related to cakewalk, two-step, shimmy dances ( Shimmy) and Black Bottom. The style of dances from the beginning of the 20th century is found in the ballet “The Golden Age” by D. Shostakovich, in the operetta “Bayadera” by I. Kalman and in other performances..

Gradually, jazz dance takes on theatrical forms, which leads to the emergence of a new style - Broadway jazz. The term Broadway jazz comes from the name of the theater located on the street of the same name in New York. Broadway jazz is found primarily in musicals, but can also be seen in cinema, in various shows and dramatic performances.

Choreographer and director Bob Fosse has a great influence on the development of Broadway jazz. His films “Cabaret”, “Sweet Charity”, “All That Jazz”, etc., as well as dances for them, are very successful today. The plot of the musical film “Sweet Charity” was created on the basis of F. Fellini’s film “Nights of Cabiria”. Bob Fosse reveals the characters of people from high society who are not typical spiritual world- the world of things is close to them and material assets. This idea is conveyed through very precise dance movements that reveal the characters' personalities.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Art Nouveau and free dance styles also emerged. The first dancer to speak out against strict forms classical ballet, was an American Isadora Duncan. Her dances were free, light and had elements of ancient Greek poses and gestures. Gordon Craig, an English director, wrote about her: “What was in her other than this, no one will ever be able to determine. She was the forerunner. Whatever she did, everything was done with great ease - or so it seemed. This is what gave her the appearance of strength. She released dance into our world in the firm confidence that she was creating something great and true.”

Free dance was also developed thanks to the American dancer Ruth St. Denis and her husband, actor and choreographer Ted Shawn. Ruth Saint Denis performed in exotic costumes with luxurious decorations, which made her concerts more spectacular. Among her productions was the ballet "Radha" to the music of L. Delibes (1906), in which motifs of Indian temple dance were used. This is how she spoke about dance: “I see Dance as a way of communication between soul and soul, through the expression of everything that is very deep, very subtle to convey in words.” In 1915, Ruth St. Denis, together with her husband Ted Shawn, organized the Denishawn troupe and dance school in Los Angeles. Many leading figures in modern dance studied at this school, including Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey and Charles Weidman.

Distinctive features of dance and modern style are the rejection of straight, classical lines and forms in favor of more natural, “natural” ones, as well as an interest in everything new. This style was popular not only in dancing, but also in painting, sculpture, architecture and even in clothing and interior design. Features of Art Nouveau can be found in the works of G. Klimt, A. Mucha, L. Bakst, A. Benois, M. Vrubel and others. Art Nouveau artists drew inspiration from the art of Japan, Ancient Egypt and other ancient civilizations.

The 20th century is the heyday of Russian ballet. The ballet of Diaghilev’s “Russian Seasons” created a real sensation in Paris and throughout the world. It was not just a ballet, it was a unique combination of choreography, music, scenery and the skill of the dancers. Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky, Serge Lifar and others shone in the “Russian Seasons” troupe. The creativity of choreographers Mikhail Fokin, Leonid Myasin and others flourished in the “Russian Seasons” troupe. Innovative costumes and scenery were created by artists Benois, Bakst, Serov, Picasso, and the music for the ballets was written by Igor Stravinsky, Erik Satie, Sergei Prokofiev, Claude Debussy and others.

"Russian Seasons" by Picasso. Costume for the ballet “Cocked Corner”

Coco Chanel also collaborated with Diaghilev’s troupe - she created costumes for the ballet “Blue Express”. They were classic tracksuits, striped sweaters and knee socks, tennis tunics. Naturally, the “Russian seasons” were the personification of everything new, fashionable and progressive, and therefore the French public went crazy with delight and shock.

Ballet “Blue Express” Portrait of Diaghilev (artist V. Serov)

The outstanding choreographer of the 20th century, George Balanchine, also collaborated with Diaghilev. For the Russian seasons, he staged the ballets Apollo Musagete to the music of Igor Stravinsky and The Prodigal Son to the music of Sergei Prokofiev. Both ballets were successful, but soon George Balanchine left the “Russian seasons” and went first to London and Copenhagen, and later to the USA. Together with L. Kerstein, famous figure art, Balanchine creates the American ballet school, and then a professional group, now known to everyone as the New York City Ballet . Here he staged his famous ballets - “Serenade” to the music of Tchaikovsky, “Concerto Baroque” to the music of Bach’s concerto for two violins, “Symphony in C Major” to music. Bizet's symphonies, "Brilliant Allegro" to music. 3rd Tchaikovsky piano concerto, “Caracol” to music. Mozart, "Episodes" on music. Webern and others. Balanchine made a huge contribution to the development of classical dance traditions in America. His ballets are a combination classical choreography with a new aesthetic of poses, dance patterns and musical accents. Balanchine created a new dance style, “neoclassical”, which became close to many choreographers - Jerome Robbins, Alexei Ratmansky, Benjamin Millepied and others.

Balanchine and his troupe. Photo by Duane Michels

The development of Russian (Soviet) ballet in the 20th century was influenced by big influence choreographer and director Rostislav Zakharov. Zakharov's ballets are complete dramatic works, competently structured from the point of view of direction. The ballet “The Fountain of Bakhchisarai” to the music of Asafiev, performed by two legendary ballerinas - Galina Ulanova and Maya Plisetskaya, deserves special attention. The ballet contrasts the authority and passion of Zarema (Plisetskaya) with the tenderness and spiritual sophistication of Maria (Ulanova). The character of two opposites is conveyed not only through acting, but also through movements and poses conceived by the choreographer, as well as through Asafiev’s exciting music.

Ballet "Bakhchisarai Fountain"

Galina Ulanova and Maya Plisetskaya

Left a huge mark on the history of Russian ballet great choreographer Yuri Grigorovich. His ballets “Romeo and Juliet”, “Spartacus”, “Legend of Love” and others make up the golden collection of Bolshoi Theater performances. Grigorovich's ballets are characterized by strength of spirit, scale, and heroism, which is reflected in the choreography, scenery and music. Grigorovich collaborated with theater artist Simon Virsaladze, who designed all his ballets. Grigorovich pays more attention to music. His ballets convey not only the content of the plot, but also the content of the music. He worked closely with composers S. Prokofiev, A. Melikhov, A. Khachaturian, D. Shostokovich and others. V. Vanslov notes the amazing unity of music, choreography and decoration ballets by Grigorovich: “In the performances of Yu.N. Grigorovich achieved an unusually organic synthesis of the arts. It is difficult to name other stage creations where music, choreography, visual arts, choreography and performing skills would appear in such an amazing fusion, as if everything stems from a single source and poured out from one creator, as if in one breath. Deepening the synthesis of arts - plastic, stage, any other - is also one of the trends artistic culture XX century".

Ekaterina Maksimova and Vladimir Vasiliev, Maris Liepa, Natalya Bessmertnova and others shone in Grigorovich’s ballets, who created new images and new characters in the ballet. V. Vanslov writes about this: “In Grigorovich’s performances, a new type of dancer-actor was revealed and developed, able to embody deep dramatic and psychological content in a complex dance part. It is not technical virtuosity outside of the image and not the image outside of dance expressiveness, but an organic fusion of acting creativity with developed and rich dance that characterizes the performing style in Grigorovich’s ballets.”

Ballet "Spartacus"

Set design for the ballet “Ivan the Terrible”

The ballets of contemporary Russian choreographer Boris Eifman are distinguished by the scale and depth of their choreography. His ballets, based on the works of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov and others, are real works of art. The ballets are imbued with deep philosophy, and Eifman is called a “choreographer-philosopher.” The choreographic poses invented by Eifman can be compared with paintings and sculptures of great artists, and the plastic has its own unique style, combining the classical dance basis with modern trends. The technical abilities of the dancers amaze and delight connoisseurs of ballet art. “Eifman the teacher (and his merit in this is no less than that of the choreographer) raised a new type of universal dancer who can do everything. Eifman's dancers float in the air, as if deprived of gravity. They know no limits in controlling their body. They can handle the most difficult things acrobatic stunts and the most unimaginable steps. The dance involves not only the arms and legs, but the whole body. Eifman's ballerinas are boneless and ethereal: in duets they wrap themselves around their partner like vines; dashingly dance the Charleston like real cabaret dancers; stand on pointe shoes, and, with their eyes downcast, float across the stage as if " Swan Lake“We haven’t danced anything for a long time,” writes Bella Yezerskaya.

Ballet "Red Giselle". Choreographer B. Eifman, in the photo Vera Arbuzova (Photo: Nina Alovert)

Ballet "Anna Karenina"

Eifman pays special attention to the corps de ballet, as Bella Yezerskaya writes: “Eifman created a corps de ballet that is rare in its synchronicity, expressiveness and precision of each movement. The extras in his performances acquire either grotesque sharpness, as, for example, in the scene of demonstration of the revolutionary plebs in “Red Giselle,” or sculptural expressiveness, as in Mozart’s “Requiem,” or classical completeness, as in “Tchaikovsky.” The final scene of the ballet “Anna Karenina” is striking, in which the artists accurately depicted the movement of the train using choreography, as well as the refined and refined taste of choreography, costumes and scenery inherent in Eifman’s ballets.

As for Western ballet, there, the fate of ballet art was decided by outstanding choreographers: Jose Limon, John Cranko, Roland Petit, Maurice Bejart, Jiri Kylian, John Neumeier, etc. All of them left their unique mark on history, reaching the hearts of the audience through their productions and creating your own unique and memorable dance style, created on a classical basis with the addition modern choreography.

I would like to pay special attention to the work of Jiri Kylian. His choreography contains lightness, precision of poses and patterns, and incredible musicality. As Rudolf Nureyev wrote, “There is Jiri Kylian, who, I would say, has the most “golden” ears. He turns metaphors into movements: Kilian hears music and sees movements." Often his works are filled with humor, mischief and dexterity of movement. This can be seen in his productions “Six Dances”, “Symphony in D”, “Birthday”, etc. This is a great advantage for the choreographer, because humor is needed and necessary for man and art. There is a place in creativity for both the children's ballet “The Child and the Magic” and the serious dramatic work “The Story of a Soldier” to the complex music of Stravinsky..

Ballet "Child and Magic"

"Six Dances"

The concepts of postmodernism that emerged in the second half of the 20th century had a great influence on the art of dance. The main and only value of postmodern art is considered to be the unrestricted freedom of expression of the artist, freedom of thought and creativity. All this was also characteristic of dance art, which incorporated the basic principles of postmodernism. Having no restrictions or clear boundaries, postmodern art gave rise to many styles and new trends in art. In dances, these are contemporary, contact improvisation, hip-hop dance, pop dance, fly law, etc.

Contemporary dance is associated with such names as Robert Dunn, Anna Halprin, Simon Forti, David Gordon, Trisha Brown, Steve Paxton, Deborah Hay, Lucinda Childs and Meredith Monk, etc. The beginning of postmodernism in dance should be considered the work of the Judson Church Theater (Judson Dance Theater). The Judson Church Theater featured a group of experimental dancers who performed in New York City at the Judson Memorial Church in Greenwich Village, in art galleries, museums since 1962

New dance experiments were based on the principles of improvisation and modern choreography; they were greatly influenced by composer John Cage and choreographer Merce Cunningham. John Cage was interested in Zen Buddhism and defended the principle of chance in the creative process.

The same principle was defended by Merce Cunningham, believing that when composing compositions this allows one to get rid of the plot and stereotypical solutions (although, in our opinion, the absence of a plot in choreography is an omission). But in modern dance, the process of creating dances is often important, not the result .

Also collaborating with the Judson Theater was conceptual artist Robert Morris: "We met with a small group of dancers, painters, musicians, and poets on Sunday evenings and experimented with sound, light, language, and movement in the studio. This was my first involvement with research, associated with dance. When I moved to New York in 1961, these classes were still fresh in my mind, so the Judson Open Meeting approached me - although I do not remember exactly how I became associated with them" (R. Morris ).

Robert Morris, Lucinda Childs, Steve Paxton, Yvonne Rainer, Deborah High, Tony Holder, Sally Gross, Robert Rauschenberg, Judith Dunn and Joseph Schlichter.

Further, similar groups were formed that adhered to similar principles, such as Grand Union, Living Theater, Open theater, etc. These associations also defended the ideas of chance, and often the process of creating dances was more important than the result. One of the group members was Steve Paxton, the creator of the style of contact improvisation, the idea of ​​which lies in the spontaneous contact of people's bodies.

Steve Paxton

As for hip-hop dance, it originated in the African-American disadvantaged neighborhoods of New York in the late 60s. Initially, hip-hop culture and dance were focused on parties and relaxation (scratched music of Jamaican DJs and recitative), later hip-hop culture was imbued with aggressively defiant lyrics of social rap, reflecting the harsh reality ( gangsta rap 90s) and gradually seeped into the masses, going into show business. Hip-hop dance, accordingly, is divided into old school (old school of hip-hop) and new style (new school). The old school includes popping, locking, breakdance, and the new school represents more commercial hip-hop with the addition of various styles of choreography - jazz dance, contemporary dance, pop dance, etc. Hip-hop is characterized by freedom, rhythm, and direction of movements into the ground, as well as relaxation of the knees and swaying of the body, the so-called “kach”. Hip-hop dance is very popular nowadays and can be seen everywhere - in various shows, music videos, performances, etc. Based on complex stunts and acrobatics, it is quite challenging to perform. Now the best hip-hop dancers are the dance duo Les Twins, and you can also name the French dancer Dedson and the American singer Chris Brown.

Old-school hip-hop

The dance culture of the 20th and early 21st centuries is extremely rich and diverse. Under the influence of new musical trends and new trends in art, dance and choreography were enriched with new styles and trends. Over the course of the century, the perception, vision and approach to dance and choreography have changed. Classical dance continues to live and develop, enriched with modern movements, preserving classic style and the foundation laid by centuries of history. And this is correct, since it is possible and necessary to keep up with the times without forgetting about your past.

Conclusion:

The art of choreography is multifaceted and unique. The choreography conveys to us the content and certain meaning, laid down by a dancer or choreographer, through the mysterious and enigmatic language of the human body. As Martha Graham said, “Dance is the secret language of the soul” and “the body speaks what words cannot say.”

During the research, we traced how dance changed over centuries of history, what features it acquired and what role it played in people’s lives. Each period of history has left its own unique and inimitable mark on the art of dance. Dance has always united people, served as a way for people to communicate with each other, as well as a means of self-expression and energy renewal. Choreographer Alla Rubina talks about this: “Dance is self-expression. That is, a person expresses himself, his thoughts, his life and understanding of life through dance. This is the knowledge of beauty, self-knowledge, which occurs both in those who dance and in those who watch... When you dance, you accumulate energy and renew yourself. Any movement is a renewal of the energy field. This is a purely medical function...”

A dance performance is impossible or very impoverished without scenography, costumes and music. Throughout history, dance, and later ballet, has been closely associated with music and the visual arts. J. J. Nover identified the important components of a ballet performance: “The stage, so to speak, is the canvas on which the choreographer captures his thoughts; with the proper selection of music, scenery and costumes, he gives the picture its color, because the choreographer is the same painter.” V. Vanslov also writes about the relationship between music and dance: “The emergence of dance would have been impossible if music had not come to the aid of plastic arts. It enhances expressiveness dance plasticity and gives it an emotional and rhythmic basis.” All this indicates that choreography is a synthetic art form that combines several types of arts.

Dance art is constantly enriched and moves forward, absorbing all the basic moods of society, as well as reflecting important historical events, socio-cultural and political life. It was interesting for me to follow the process of dance development, deciphering its meaning and significance throughout history.

List of used literature:

1. Thino Arbaud “On Dance and Music”

2. V. Vanslov “On music and ballet”

3. Yu. Bakhrushin “History of Russian ballet”

4. Vera Krasovskaya “History of Western Ballet”

5. S. Khudekov “History of Dance”

6. Dance “Modern” http://www.ortodance.ru/dance/style_modern1

7. V. Vanslov “Grigorovich’s ballets and problems of choreography” http://bolshoi-theatr.com/articles/596/part-2/

8. Hip-hop http://vsip.mgopu.ru/data/2401.htm

9. Lucian “Treatise on Dance”

10. Encyclopedia of ballet http://www.krugosvet.ru/

Since ancient times, dance has been an important part of ceremonies, rituals and holidays. However, practically no information about ancient dances and their descriptions have survived to this day. Today, not many ancient dances are known, each of which has an interesting history. True, these dances are currently on the verge of extinction.

1. Dancing with the Dead

A treat is prepared from the sacrificed animals. Then joyful dancing begins with the dead in their arms.

2. Dance of St. Vitus

The first outbreak of this mania was noted in 1374 in the city of Aachen, subsequently spreading throughout Europe.

3. Whirling Dervishes

Türkiye
The widely known dance of the “whirling dervishes”, “sema”, has a ritual meaning. Its participants, the Semazen, are the dervishes of the Mevlevi brotherhood. Sema is more than a dance, it is a magical process. Dervishes, in the process of whirling, tilt their heads so that they compress the carotid artery, and as a result of this they fall into a trance and achieve union with the divine.

Each element is symbolic. White skirt means a shroud, a hat made of camel hair means a tombstone. Throwing off the black cloak symbolizes spiritual rebirth. The Mevlevi brotherhood, to which the dervishes belong, was founded in the 13th century in Turkey by their mentor Mevlevi and still exists today.

4. Wendigo Dance

The Indians have a traditional dance in which some dancers satirically depict terrible monsters devouring people, while others depict brave Wendigo hunters.

5. Tarantella

In those days, orchestras even traveled around Italy specifically for those suffering from “tarantism”. And only 300 years later it was discovered that the bite of this spider is not fatal at all, but only causes a slight swelling around the wound.

6. Morris Dance

In the 16th century, dancing with elaborate costumes and bells on the shins became very popular in European courts. This dance is still danced in Great Britain to this day.

7. Dances in honor of Kachin

Fifty dancers in masks and colorful costumes, representing spirits, dance all day to the sound of drums and chants. At the end of the holiday, as the Hopi believed, the spirits went to the mountains to their homes until November.

8. Saber dance

In China, the saber dance has also become one of the four main dances of Chinese Opera. Only the Ottomans banned the performance of saber dances, believing that under this pretext they would purchase weapons for the Resistance movement.

9. Candoble ritual dance

Brazil
The strange and mysterious religion of Candoble, banned until the mid-twentieth century, appeared in Brazil as a result of the importation of slaves from Africa. One of its main rituals is a dance with endless repetition of monotonous movements, as a result of which the dancer falls into a state of trance.

It is believed that at the same time one of the gods inhabits him, by communicating with whom he can purify his soul. The dance is performed accompanied by a Brazilian drum and rattles.

10. Zalongo Dance

Rumors about this spread everywhere, throughout the Ottoman lands and Europe, artists and poets immortalized these women in their poems and paintings. It was said that the women danced and sang folk songs, but perhaps this detail was added later to enhance the effect.

BONUS

From: listverse.com

The 20th century is a time of evolution and progress. This period can be compared to a huge leap in the scientific and technological field. But progress affected not only science or technology, but also civilization in general. Such a rapid and dynamic development of society occurred even despite two world wars and many other events that brought complete destruction. But humanity’s craving for perfection and self-development has contributed to the incredible evolution of man as a part of cultural society. Dancing was one of the most powerful tools for self-realization and self-improvement. They brought joy, a sense of happiness and harmony into the life of people of the 20th century, when scientific and technological progress almost completely squeezed out spirituality and replaced it with pragmatism. Due to the lack of “beautiful” during this period, the culture of dance simply “explodes”, and a colossal number of new types and styles of choreography appear.

Dance "kaleidoscope" of the 20th century

From the diverse and variegated “kaleidoscope” of dance styles of the 20th century, one can single out such as rumba, hip-hop, lambada, contemporary and many others. Such a variety of dances proves that the 20th century is a leap not only in the scientific and technological sphere, but also a huge step forward in culture, art and the development of society as a whole.

Salsa is one of the most popular dance forms of the 20th century. This Latin American dance originated in Cuba back in the 20s and has been the most popular choreographic composition ever since. Salsa has won such worldwide love thanks to its incredible fiery, graceful and amazing rhythm. This dance can make you enjoy life and see the world only in bright colors. Salsa has several directions: cha-cha-cha, rumba, bocacha, mambo and others.

Salsa

Tango is an incredibly beautiful and passionate dance with Argentine roots. Since its inception, namely in the 19th century, it has become the most popular and beloved choreographic production throughout Argentina, London, Paris, New York, etc. This dance soon “ignited” all of Europe, America and the whole world. Tango in the 20th century was even a kind of cult - entire ensembles were created, parties dedicated specifically to it, and musical compositions written specifically for tango.

Tango

Another fantastically popular and unique dance of the 20th century is rock and roll. This choreographic production made a real revolution in culture, art and social life. Rock and roll appeared in the 50s in America. Its origins, first of all, began with music, which gave impetus to the emergence of this type of dance. Rock and roll has conquered young hearts all over the world with its drive, “spark” and incredible dynamism. This dance is characterized by very complex lifts, jumps, throws and a certain careless attitude of the partner towards the partner. The slogan of rock and roll sounded like “sex, drugs and rock-n-roll”, therefore, due to excessive frankness and even vulgarity, this type of dance was considered immoral and forbidden. But this did not stop him from remaining extremely popular in the 20s and even in our time.

Free dance

Free dance (also plastic, rhythmoplastic) is a movement that arose at the beginning of the twentieth century for liberation from the conventionality of the past ballet theater and the merging of dance with life. Free dance was at the origins of dance in the 20th century; it formulated the principles on which modern and modern jazz dance, contemporary dance, and even butoh and contact improvisation were partly based.

The creators of free dance were united not only by the desire to turn it into high art, having equal status with music or painting, but also a special worldview. All of them, to one degree or another, accepted Nietzsche’s idea of ​​dance as a metaphor for freedom and the dancer as the embodiment of the liberated and creative spirit. For the founders of free dance, dance became a special philosophy from which they expected the transformation of life. Isadora Duncan (1877-1927) dreamed of a new person for whom dancing would be as organic as other everyday activities, a woman of the future - the owner of “the most sublime mind in the world.” free body».
One of the ideological sources of free dance was the movement for physical improvement and emancipation of the body. Its supporters sought the source of rebirth in nature, called for naturalness, the liberation of man from the demands imposed on him by modern civilization.

Modern dance

Modern dance is one of the areas of modern foreign choreography, which originated in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. in the USA and Germany. The term "Modern Dance" originated in the United States to describe stage choreography that rejected traditional ballet forms. Having come into use, it replaced other terms (free dance, Duncanism, barefoot dance, rhythmic dance, expressive, expressionistic, absolute, new artistic) that arose in the process of development of this direction. What was common to representatives of modern dance, regardless of which movement they belonged to and in what period they proclaimed their aesthetic programs, was the intention to create new choreography that, in their opinion, met the spiritual needs of man in the 20th century. Its main principles: rejection of canons, embodiment of new themes and plots using original dance and plastic means. In an effort to achieve complete independence from traditions, representatives of T.m. In the end, they came to the adoption of certain technical methods, in opposition to which a new direction was born. The goal of a complete departure from traditional ballet forms could not be fully realized in practice.

Contemporary (contemporary)

A style of participatory stage dance that develops the style of modern and postmodern dance. Contempo is characterized by traditional attributes of ballet. This style of dance is often performed barefoot.

Contact improvisation

A dance in which improvisation is built around the point of contact with a partner. Contact improvisation is a form of free dance.

Butoh (Japanese 舞踏, butoh: “dance of darkness”) - a direction of modern

Japanese dance.

Contemporary dance (late XX - beginning of XXI century)
Club dance:
-Electro
-House
-Trance
-Tektonik
Tecktonik is a new dance movement of the 21st century, containing elements of jumpstyle, hip-hop, locking, popping, techno, etc.

Strip Dance – dance direction, essentially being part of a striptease. If striptease is “the skill of nakedness in dance,” then strip dancing is “the skill of dance suitable for nakedness.” That is, strip dance is any dance direction that can be organically applied to striptease. Accordingly, there are various options for strip dance: R"n"B strip, Strip Latin, classic strip dance, etc. There are also different types of strip dance, based on various striptease techniques based on interaction with objects, such as: lap-dance, table-dance, pole-dance, etc.

Go-Go (go-go) - style erotic dance, in which, unlike

striptease dancers do not undress. The purpose of the dance is to entertain visitors to discos. Go-go originated in the early 1960s, when women at the Peppermint Lounge in New York stood on tables and began dancing the twist.

Hakka (Dutch Hakken, also Dutch Hakkuh) is a dance style that appeared in the Netherlands in the 90s as an attribute of the hardcore (gabber) youth subculture.

Jumpstyle

Jumpstyle (English Jumpstyle from English jump - jump) - dance

a style that has spread throughout Europe in recent years, mainly in the Netherlands, Belgium, as well as northern Germany and France. The dances take place to energetic electronic music; each dancer, in his own way, makes movements similar to jumps to the rhythm of the music, which is why the style got its name. If there are several dancers, they should not touch their partner. Non-synchronized actions by different dancers are encouraged.

The Melbourne shuffle is a dance style that originated in the late 80s in Australia, in the underground scene of the city of Melbourne. These are fast, typical jazz dance movements (step), but in a “modern” way, and they dance it to a variety of electronic styles. dance music.

D'n"B Dance (Drum and Bass step), or D'n"B step x-outing - street dance, an attribute of the youth subculture of drum and bass, performed to music in the DnB style, most often at so-called gatherings ( informal meetings or D'n'B parties), battles (dance competitions, from the English battle - battle), and in Drum And Bass clubs. The D'n'B dance style has absorbed elements of break beat and hip Hop. D'n"B dance is performed in comfortable sneakers or sneakers flat sole and most often jeans or pants that do not restrict movement.

The main emphasis when performing D'n'B dance is on the movement of the legs (“feints” with the legs):

The technique of alternating “toe - heel, toe - heel” (the so-called base, basic);
- technique of swinging forward, to the sides, crossing legs;
- technique of turns and half-turns on the heel, on the toe, and occasionally in the air;
- technique of turns of 180, 360 or sometimes more degrees (the most difficult).

Square dance

Square dance (English: square dance, translated from English as “dance of squares”) is a folk dance that originated in the USA. The dance figures adopted in square dancing are borrowed from traditional folk dances brought to the United States by emigrants from Europe. Among these dances is Morris, english dance"country" and square dance. Square dancing is danced all over the world. It first appeared in Russia in 2003.

Street dance:

Hip-hop (eng. hip hop) is a cultural movement that originated among the working class of New York in the late 1970s. DJ Afrika Bambaataa was the first to define the five pillars of hip-hop culture: MCing, DJing, breaking, graffiti writing, and knowledge. Other elements include beatboxing, hip-hop fashion and slang. Originating in the South Bronx, hip-hop became part of youth culture in many countries around the world in the 1980s. Since the late 1990s, from a street underground with a strong social orientation, hip-hop has gradually become part of the music industry, and by the middle of the first decade this century the subculture has become “fashionable”, “mainstream”. However, despite this, many figures within hip-hop still continue its “main line” - protest against inequality and injustice, opposition to those in power.

Brakedance

Breakdancing or b-boying (eng. breakdance) is a street dance, one of

currents of hip-hop culture.

C-walk(Crip walk)

Crip walk (C-walk, Cwalk) is a style of modern street dance focused on virtuoso improvised footwork. C-Walk was born around 1970 in South Central Los Angeles.

Popping

Popping (popping, dad; from the English Popping) is a dance style that is based on the technique of rapid contraction and relaxation of muscles to cause shocks in the dancer’s body - a pop or a hit. This is done continuously to the rhythm of the music combined with various movements and postures. A dancer who performs popping is called a popper. in Russia for a long time incorrectly called “upper breakdancing”. Popping is also used as a general term for a group of related styles that are often combined with popping to create greater variety in performance.
In competitions on street dancing Juste Debout, Popping is one of the main 4 categories in which battles (competitions) take place:
-Krump
- Locking
True beauty which lies in pure improvisation rather than a series of planned sequential movements.

Latin American dances

Samba is a Brazilian dance, one of the five Latin American dances.

ballroom dance programs. It arose from the fusion of African dances that came to Brazil with slaves from Congo and Angola, with Spanish and Portuguese dances brought from Europe by the conquerors of South America. Samba music has a characteristic rhythm created by drums and maracas, usually having 50-52 beats per minute (2/4 time).

Bachata (Spanish: bachata) - Dominican musical style and dance

Republic, which is also widespread in the Latin American countries of the Caribbean, as well as in those Latin American communities in the United States where immigrants from these countries predominate. Musical size - 4/4. Music is generally characterized by a moderate tempo; the lyrics tell about the suffering of unrequited love and life's hardships.

Merengue (Spanish: merengue) is a musical style and dance of the Dominican Republic, which is also widespread in the Latin American countries of the Caribbean, as well as in those Latin American communities in the United States where immigrants from these countries predominate.

Mambo (Spanish: mambo) is a musical style and dance of Cuba, which received

It is also widespread in Latin American Caribbean countries, as well as in those U.S. Latino communities where immigrants from these countries predominate. Mambo, like Rumba, Salsa, Cha-cha-cha, was born in Cuba. The word “mambo” comes from the name of the god of war, to whom a ritual dance was dedicated in Cuba in the distant past.
The current form of Mambo was born in the 40s as a result of the fusion of Afro-Cuban rhythms and jazz, fathered by Odilio Urfe and Arsenio Rodriguez.

Salsa is a modern dance from the USA and Latin America, which

dance in pairs or in groups. The dance originated in the 1970s.
In December 2005, the first world salsa championship, the World Salsa Championships, was held in Las Vegas.

Zouk (Zuk) is a style of dance rhythmic music that came from

French islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Haiti, Saint Lucia and became popular thanks to the efforts of the groups Grammacks and Exile One. Zouk translates to "party" or "festival" in French Creole. In Europe, music is most popular in France, in North America- in Canada, in the province of Quebec. At the same time, Zouk developed its own direction on the African islands of Capo Verde.

Lambada (port. Lambada) is a musical style and dance that originated in the north of Brazil, in the state of Pará. Popularized in the late 1980s and early 1990s all over the world, including in Russia, thanks to the work of the French group Kaoma.

Flamenco (Spanish: flamenco) – traditional music and dance

style originating from Andalusia; it is a fusion of musical accompaniment (toke), singing (kante) and dance (baile). The style is represented by several dozen varieties (more than 50). Flamenco dances and songs are usually accompanied by guitar and percussion: rhythmic clapping (palmas), playing a percussion box (cajon); sometimes - castanets. Flamenco performers are called "bailaor" (dancer) and "cantaor" (singer), "tocaor" (guitarist).

Capoeira, capoeira (port. Capoeira, /ka.puˈej.ɾɐ/) – Brazilian

a national martial art that combines elements of acrobatics, games, and is accompanied by national Brazilian music. As a martial art it is characterized by the use of low positions, kicks and, in some areas, an abundance of acrobatics. Modern capoeira, unlike its earlier forms, is rarely used for combat purposes. The usual practice is non-contact combat, although there are world championships in full contact capoeira. Capoeira is an art form in which traditions determine the order of the meetings, the appearance of the participants, the music and the certification of capoeirists.

Pachanga (Spanish: pachanga) is a Latin American musical style and dance characterized by syncopated rhythm and movements. Music of this style was performed mainly by charang orchestras. In the 1960s, pachanga made a splash among New York's Latino teenagers.

Bolero (Spanish Bolero) is a dance and at the same time a musical genre that originated in Spain in late XVIII centuries. There are many varieties of bolero, characteristic of different regions of Spain. The bolero is size ¾. Also, a bolero is a short, tight-fitting sleeveless vest without a fastener, part of the national costume.

Ballet
Ballet (French ballet, from Latin ballo - dancing) - type performing arts, main expressive means which are inextricably linked music and dance.

Most often, a ballet is based on some kind of plot, dramatic concept, libretto, but there are also plotless ballets. The main types of dance in ballet are classical dance and character dance. An important role here is played by pantomime, with the help of which the actors convey the feelings of the characters, their “conversation” with each other, and the essence of what is happening. IN modern ballet Elements of gymnastics and acrobatics are also widely used.

Ballet happens:

Romantic

Classical

Modern

Ballroom dancing

Ballroom dancing is a group of pair dances that are danced in special rooms. Sports ballroom dancing is divided into 2 programs: European and Latin American. The European program includes: slow waltz, tango, Viennese waltz, slow foxtrot (slowfox) and quickstep (fast foxtrot). In Latin America: samba, cha-cha-cha, rumba, paso doble and jive. Ballroom dancing is extremely popular and tournaments are held all over the world.

European program:

Slow waltz is a ballroom dance of the European program. Danced in 3/4. As a rule, there are three steps for each measure. When moving forward, the first step to the greatest extent determines the length of movement for a given beat, the second - the angle of rotation, the third - auxiliary, changing the free leg, that is, transferring the center of gravity of the body.

Tango (Spanish tango) is an ancient Argentine folk dance; doubles

ballroom dance of free composition, characterized by an energetic and clear rhythm; music for this dance. Initially developed and spread in Argentina, then it became popular all over the world. Tango was previously known as tango criollo. Today there are many tango dance styles, including Argentine tango, Uruguayan tango, ballroom tango (American and international style), Finnish tango and ancient tango. Argentine tango is often considered the "authentic" tango because it is closer to what was originally danced in Argentina and Uruguay. The music and dance elements of tango are popular in activities related to dance, gymnastics, figure skating skating, synchronized swimming, etc.

Viennese Waltz– ballroom dance of the European program. Similar

slow waltz, differs in the number of beats per minute, that is, the tempo of execution.

Foxtrot (fox step) - developed in 1912 in the USA from not so

temperamental one-step is a new group dance, first at a slow 4/4 beat tempo. There is a misconception that the name of the dance comes from the English word foxtrot, which translates as “fox gait.” Actually this is not true. The foxtrot was invented by Harry Fox for a show in New York in 1913. After World War I, the foxtrot craze spread to Europe.

Quickstep is a fast foxtrot. If the term “foxtrot”, according to one version, is figurative and literally means “fox step”, then the term “quickstep” is more precise, that is, “quick step”. Indeed, we are talking about a dance that, in accordance with its lively rhythm, requires lightness and mobility from the performer. Rich in variations, the quickstep is considered to be the “low grammar” of standard dances. The movement is fast, light, airy, swift, high-speed. Musical time signature: 4/4. Beats per minute: 50. Accent: on beats 1 and 3. Competition: 1.5 - 2 minutes. Rise and Fall: Rise starts at end 1, continues through 2 and 3, up/down at end 4.

Latin American program:

Samba is a Brazilian dance, one of the five dances in the Latin American ballroom dance program. It arose from the fusion of African dances that came to Brazil with slaves from Congo and Angola, with Spanish and Portuguese dances brought from Europe by the conquerors of South America. Samba music has a characteristic rhythm created by drums and maracas, usually having 50-52 beats per minute (2/4 time).

Cha-cha-cha (Spanish: cha cha cha) is a musical style and dance of Cuba, which is also widespread in the Latin American countries of the Caribbean, as well as in those Latin American communities in the United States where immigrants from these countries predominate. Cha-cha-cha arose in the process of evolution and experiments of the Cuban composer Enrique Jorrin (Enrique Jorrin, 1926-1987) with Danson, in the 50s of the 20th century. Performed in competitions, starting with the Hobby class. Musical time signature is 4/4, tempo is 30 beats per minute.

Rumba is a Cuban couple dance of African origin. Distinctive feature rumbas are erotic smooth movements, connected with wide steps. The most famous rumba melody throughout the world should be considered the famous “Guantanamera”, written by Joseito Fernandez and quickly becoming a rumba classic

Paso doble (Spanish Paso doble - “double step”) is a Spanish dance that imitates bullfighting. The first name of the dance is “Spanish One Step”, since the steps are taken on every count. The Paso Doble was one of many Spanish folk dances associated with various aspects of Spanish life. The Paso Doble is based in part on bullfighting. The partner portrays a bullfighter, and the partner portrays his cloak or muleta (a piece of bright red fabric in the hands of a matador), sometimes a second bullfighter, and very rarely a bull, usually defeated by the final blow. The nature of the music corresponds to the procession before the bullfight (el paseíllo), which usually takes place to the accompaniment of the paso doble.

Jive is a dance of African-American origin that appeared in the United States in the early 1940s. Jive is a type of swing with fast and free movements. Modern jive is very different in style from swing, although it often uses the same figures and movements. The musical size is 4/4, tempo is 44 beats per minute.

Hustle (from the English hustle “hustle and bustle”) – couples dance, based on improvisation and “leading”. It is a collective name for dancing to disco music popular in the 1980s, such as disco-fox, disco-swing and hustle itself. It is a “social” dance - that is, at its core it is extremely simple, danced in four counts (disco-fox in three) to almost any music, does not require long training and allows anyone to dance after a little practice.
-Sports Hustle/Disco Fox/Disco Swing
-Hustle freestyle
-Hustle Jack 'n' Jill

Hustle Jack 'n' Jill is a hustle competition format where the competing pairs are obtained by randomizing male and female partners. This nomination most clearly allows you to demonstrate the skills of social improvisational dance. The main features of the nomination: the performance of productions is impossible, costumes and aerial acrobatics are not evaluated by the judges.

Features:
Hustle Jack-n-Jill is held in classes – D, C, B, A, as well as in the Absolute and Absolute categories Star system. Conducting Hustle Jack-n-Jill in classes: D, C, B, A, and in the category - Absolute.

Show hustle is a dance built on hustle elements, having its own idea/plot, which is implemented in musical accompaniment, costumes and dance moves, being a striking performance.

Features:
The hustle show is held in the classroom - absolute, because... there is no division of dancers into classes. If 8 or less couples participate, the final is held immediately. With the participation of more than 8 couples, at the discretion of the organizer, qualifying rounds. In all rounds, participants dance to their own music, one pair at a time on the floor.

Lady Hustle is a dance based on elements of Hustle, performed by two partners.

Double hustle is a dance based on hustle elements, performed by threes, usually consisting of one partner and two partners.

Historical dance
Historical dances – common name for dances of past eras performed today.

Mazurka (from Polish mazurek) is a Polish folk dance.

Minuet (French menuet, from menu - small) is an ancient folk French graceful dance, so named because of its small steps. Derived from the slow folk round dance of the province of Poitou. It is written in a two-leg fold, in a three-part size (3/4). From the middle of the 17th century - ballroom. Since the 17th century it has spread widely throughout Europe.

Polonaise (Polish polonez, French polonaise, from French polonais - Polish) - a ceremonial dance-procession in moderate pace of Polish origin. It was performed, as a rule, at the beginning of balls, emphasizing the solemn, sublime nature of the holiday. In a polonaise, dancing couples move according to geometric shapes established by rules. The musical size of the dance is ¾.

Folk dance

Attan is a traditional Pashtun-Afghan dance and the national dance of Afghanistan.

Vars – Czech dance, popular in the 1970s.

Gopak (from Ukrainian gop - an exclamation uttered during a dance; hence the verbs gopati - stomp, gopkati - jump) is a national Ukrainian dance. They dance hopak in Ukrainian national costumes. The dance is danced energetically, the main dance movements are squat dancing, jogging, wide, high jumps with swinging legs. Sometimes the combat sabers of Ukrainian Cossacks are used in the dance.

Zhok (Mold. joc – game, dance) is a mass Moldavian folk dance. The dance movement is dynamic. Musical size 2/4; There are also sizes 6/8 and 3/8. In different regions of Moldova, there are independent versions of joka music and dance steps. Zhok also means a mass folk festival. There is joc bătrînesc (old men's dance), joc de glumă (comic dance), etc.

Zika is a Chechen folk dance. Performed only by men. It is danced not only by folk art groups, but also during various especially important events.

Classical Indian dances
- Bharatanatyam
- Odissi
- Mohiniyattam
- Kuchipudi
- Manipuri
- Satria
- Kathakali
- Kathak

Scottish dancing is a collective name for dances associated with Scottish culture.

Krakowiak (Polish: Krakowiak) - a fast dance of Polish origin in 2/4; The form is two-beat, the melody is of a lively character, often has an emphasis on the second eighth note in the bar, which is syncopated with the third. The rhythm is sharp, with frequent syncopations. It is performed cheerfully, temperamentally, with a proud posture.

Kochari (Azerbaijani köçəri) – Azerbaijani dance

Kochari (Armenian: Քոչարի) – Armenian dance

Kochari - Assyrian dance

Kochari (Greek Κότσαρι) – Pontic dance

Lezginka (Lezg. lekren kyul, Osset. zilgæ kaft, tymbyl kaft) is a Lezgin folk dance. Distributed throughout the Caucasus among all Caucasian peoples. Kabardians, Ossetians, Avars, Chechens, Ingush and other Caucasian peoples have their own varieties of Lezginka.

Polka is a fast, lively Central European dance, as well as a genre of dance music. He appeared in mid-19th century in Bohemia, and has since become a famous folk dance.

Belly dancing is the Western name for a dance technique common in the Middle East and Arab countries. On Arabic it is known as Raqs Sharqi, in Turkish as Oryantal dansı, that is, “oriental dance”. The uniqueness of oriental belly dance lies in its plasticity.
Belly dancing was brought to the Middle East from India by gypsies around the 10th century, and from there it spread further and, therefore, is often mistakenly attributed to Middle Eastern origin.

Gypsy dances are dances created by various groups of Gypsies. As a rule, the prerequisites for their appearance were the interpretation of the dances of surrounding peoples. Some types of gypsy dances were originally intended to make money.

Trepak is an ancient Russian folk dance. Performed in fast pace, bipartite size. Also widespread in Ukraine. The main movements are fractional steps and stamping. The dance was improvised by the performer. In character it has much in common with “Kamarinskaya” and “Barynya” - either a single male dance or a re-dance. But, unlike them, the trepak did not have its own traditional melody.

Uzundere (Azerbaijani: Uzundərə) is an Azerbaijani national dance, performed to the accompaniment of lyrical national music, often at weddings, mainly by women.

Round dance (horo, kolo, korogod, karagod, kharagod) is an ancient folk circular mass dance-game. The dancers move in a circle, holding hands.
Distributed mainly among the Slavs, but it is also found (under different names) among other peoples.

Csárdás (Hungarian: csárdás) is a traditional Hungarian folk dance. The name comes from Hungarian. csárda - inn, tavern.

Yalli (Azerbaijani: Yallı) is an Azerbaijani national dance, which is one of the most common collective round dances in rural areas. The different types of Yalli dance are Kochari, Uchayag, Tello and Galadangalaya.

Swing

Dance 1920s - 1940s. The term "swing" is usually used for a group of dances that developed during the "Swing Era" (late 1920 - 1940) or for modern dances that descend from them. Historically, swing has been categorized within the African-American folk dance tradition, although there are some exceptions that were common among whites.

Almost all forms of swing are characterized by a syncopated (shortened) rhythm, characteristic of African-American and West African music and dance and with jazz dances of the Jazz Age (with late XIX centuries until the 1940s). Most variations of swing developed along with musical genre"swing", although many of these styles and their derivatives are now danced to modern music. Now swing is widespread in many developed Western and Asian countries, although in each city and country certain dances, their culture and the music “suitable” for them are popular differently.

The Lindy Hop is an African-American dance that appeared in New York in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century. Lindy hop developed in parallel with jazz music and belongs to the class of swing dances. It absorbed the features of Charleston, tap, jazz and other dances that existed simultaneously with it. In the 1980s, Lindy Hop was revived by American, Swedish and British dancers. Currently, Lindy Hop schools exist in many countries around the world, incl. and in Russia.

Similar to Charleston, which is its progenitor, basic step The Lindy Hop consists of eight counts and can be danced both solo and in pairs. In the open position, the partners hold each other by one hand; in the closed position, the position of the hands resembles the position of the hands in a waltz.

Jive is a dance of African-American origin that appeared in the United States in the early 1940s. Jive is a type of swing with fast and free movements. Modern jive is very different in style from swing, although it often uses the same figures and movements.
Musical time signature is 4/4, tempo is 44 beats per minute.