There are museums of famous cultural figures at home. Geniuses lived here: houses and apartments of great people, open to the public

Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine moved to 48 Doughty Street in April 1837 and lived there until November 1839. It was at this time that Dickens completed the publication of The Pickwick Papers, and also published his famous stories - Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby.
The writer's house was under threat of demolition in 1923, but was bought by the Dickens Society, which had existed for over twenty years by that time. The building was renovated, and on June 9, 1925, a house museum was opened here, which contains exhibits telling about Dickens’s writing career, works, era, personal and family life.

2. House-Museum of Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russia, Staraya Russa

The house in Staraya Russa, Novgorod region, became Dostoevsky’s first real estate. Until 1876, the writer’s family lived only in rented apartments.
It was in Staraya Russa that Dostoevsky completed the novel “Demons,” which he began abroad, and created “The Brothers Karamazov.” And it was in this house that he wrote the famous “Pushkin” speech, which became his last public appearance.
The date of foundation of the museum is considered to be May 4, 1909. The Dostoevsky house survived the revolution and the Civil War, and even during the Great Patriotic War, when Staraya Russa was almost completely destroyed, the Dostoevsky house miraculously survived.

3. Mark Twain House Museum, USA, Hartford

The Mark Twain Museum in Hartford is a reconstruction of the house where the author and his family lived from 1874 to 1891. Twain wrote his most significant works here, including The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court.
Opened in 2003, this museum provides guests with the opportunity to learn more about Mark Twain, his family, historic home and legacy. In addition, it has a wonderful website, a visit to which is no less interesting than a visit to the museum itself: http://www.marktwainhouse.org.

4. Bulgakov Apartment-Museum, Russia, Moscow

The first and only Bulgakov memorial museum in Moscow opened only 4 years ago and was located at the writer’s first Moscow address - on Bolshaya Sadovaya, house 10, apartment 50. Here, in one of the rooms of the communal apartment, the Bulgakov family lived their first hungry Moscow years. The image of a bad home haunted the writer for a long time - and it was this communal apartment that became the prototype of the legendary “bad apartment” from the novel “The Master and Margarita”.
Today the “bad apartment” is a museum where you can immerse yourself in the environment of the Moscow period of Bulgakov’s life. A “bad staircase” leads to it, on the walls of which fans of the writer’s work have been leaving their notes and sketches for almost half a century.

5. House-Museum of Honore de Balzac, France, Paris

The Balzac House Museum is located in the sixteenth arrondissement of the French capital on Rue Reinouard. The writer lived here for seven years - from 1840 to 1847.
A special feature of Balzac's house is the presence of two entrance doors, one of which not everyone notices. The back entrance is located below the main building on the hillside. Some biographers of the writer cite the reason for his appearance as the frequent need to hide from numerous creditors who visited the house of the eternally penniless writer to get their money back.
Today, manuscripts, caricatures and engravings of Balzac are kept here, and next to the house there is a small garden where the writer himself loved to spend his time.

6. Museum-apartment of Maxim Gorky, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod

This museum was opened in 1971 in the house where Maxim Gorky lived from 1902 to 1904. The number of premises it has makes it difficult to call the Gorky Museum an “apartment”. Here is the office of Ekaterina Peshkova, the wife of Alexei Maksimovich; and a guest room, nicknamed “Chaliapin’s” because the famous opera singer stayed there in 1903; a living room, a children's room, a bedroom, a small dining room, the room of Ekaterina Peshkova's mother and, in the end, the office of the writer himself. A tour of such an “apartment” will definitely take more than one hour.

7. Goethe House Museum, Germany, Frankfurt am Main

Goethe's house in the long row of the street still looks like a real Frankfurt mansion of the 18th century. However, this is not evidence of history, but the result of the efforts of restorers. The bombings of World War II destroyed not only the house where Goethe was born, but also the entire street. With the help of the writer's notes and notes, his home was carefully and in detail restored in the traditions of architecture and interiors of the era.
Now the house-museum houses an impressive collection of the writer’s original things: portraits and paintings, pieces of furniture, and Goethe’s original autographs.

8. House-Museum of Leo Tolstoy, Russia, Yasnaya Polyana

The Tolstoy House Museum is just part of the huge Yasnaya Polyana family estate, located in the Tula region. Here the writer was born and created such world-famous works as “War and Peace” and “Anna Karenina”. His grave is also located here. The museum was created in 1921 in the wing where Tolstoy lived. The writer's son and daughter became the first directors of the museum. During the Great Patriotic War, Yasnaya Polyana was occupied for 45 days. During the retreat of the Nazi troops, Tolstoy's house was set on fire, but the fire was extinguished. By May 1942, the estate was reopened to visitors.

9. Hugo House Museum, France, Paris

In 1832-1848, the outstanding French writer Victor Hugo and his beloved Adele Foucher rented an apartment on one of the floors of the house at number 6 on Place des Vosges. It was here that he wrote Ruy Blas, Mary Stuart and Les Misérables. Now this building houses the Hugo House Museum, managed by the municipality of Paris. The museum was opened on the centenary of the writer’s birth - in 1902 - and is dedicated to his life and work. A huge number of drawings and manuscripts by Victor Hugo, copies of the first editions of his works, as well as paintings and sculptures dedicated to Hugo are stored here.

10. Literary and Memorial Museum-Reserve of Chekhov, Russia, Melikhovo

Chekhov's Melikhovo estate includes a manor house, an outbuilding built by the writer in 1894 to accommodate guests and which became the place of his literary work, a garden, a vegetable garden, and the Aquarium pond, on the shore of which Chekhov loved to sit with a fishing rod.
Melikhovo reflects Chekhov's activities as a writer, doctor, and public figure. The collection of the museum in Melikhovo includes more than 18 thousand exhibits. Manuscripts, personal belongings of the writer, books, photographs, furniture, visual materials, paintings by artists - friends of the writer: I. Levitan, V. Polenov, N. Chekhov and others are stored here.

The founder of Russian symbolism lived here from 1910 to 1924. At the beginning of the last century, regulars of this house were Balmont, Bely, Yesenin, Benois, Baltrushaitis, Lanceray, Severyanin, Khodasevich, Mayakovsky and many others.

After the poet's death, his widow preserved the furnishings in the house, and then the museum staff recreated the atmosphere of the Silver Age. There are a lot of books, paintings - gifts from contemporary artists, manuscripts, etc. In addition, manuscripts and lifetime editions with autographs of outstanding representatives of the Silver Age are stored, thematic excursions and lectures on the Symbolists, Acmeists, Futurists and interactive classes for schoolchildren are held.

Address: Prospekt Mira, 30 (metro Prospekt Mira)

Museum-apartment of V.I. Dahl

The Dahl House is one of the oldest wooden houses in Moscow. Here the creator of the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” lived from 1859 until his death (1872). The exhibition includes an album from the scientist’s library, drawings donated to the museum by his great-granddaughter, a lifetime edition of Dahl’s Dictionary, a collection of “Proverbs of the Russian People” and the complete collection of the writer’s works in 10 volumes from 1898.

Address: st. B. Gruzinskaya, 4/6, bldg. 9 (m. Barrikadnaya)

Museum-apartment F.M. Dostoevsky

The museum is located in the northern wing of the ensemble of the former Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor, which was called

Bozhedomka. Dostoevsky's father worked there as a doctor. Fyodor Mikhailovich lived in this wing from 1823 to 1837 - until his departure to St. Petersburg. This apartment of his childhood was never rebuilt, and the museum in it was opened back in 1928 based on the collection of documents of Anna Grigorievna Snitkina, the writer’s second wife. The exhibition contains partially preserved furniture, portraits of Fyodor Mikhailovich’s parents, immediate ancestors and relatives, bronze candelabra (from his brother’s collection), the first book in Dostoevsky’s life, “One Hundred and Four Selected Stories of the Old and New Testaments,” and much more.

Address: st. Dostoevsky, 2 (m. Dostoevskaya)

House-Museum of M.Yu. Lermontov

This year, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the poet’s birth, the museum reopened after restoration. The wooden mansion was built immediately after the fire of 1812. The then young poet lived here from 1829 to 1832 with his grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva. The restorers preserved the decoration style of the noble house of the first half of the 19th century. The exhibition includes many family portraits of Lermontov, his books, papers, etc. The museum hosts literary readings.

Address: st. M. Molchanovka, 2 (metro Arbatskaya)

House-Museum of A.N. Ostrovsky

You should definitely visit this museum, even if you are not at all interested in literature. The ancient wooden two-story house and small garden seem to be frozen in time - this will be a real trip to the 19th century. The exhibition consists of personal belongings of the playwright, his family and friends, household items from the century before last, sketches of scenery and costumes for Ostrovsky’s plays, photographic portraits of actors, posters, and manuscripts. The museum often hosts meetings with artists from the capital's theaters and one-man performances. And for Christmas they decorate a beautiful tree.

Address: st. M. Ordynka, 9/12, building 6 (metro Tretyakovskaya)

Museum-apartment of A.N. Tolstoy

The house was part of the Ryabushinsky estate, which was built by the famous architect Fyodor Shekhtel. On the second floor in 1941-1945, Alexei Nikolaevich’s apartment was located. The furnishings of the office, living room and corridor are completely preserved here. The bookcases housed the writer's working library - works by Russian and foreign classics, Soviet writers, books on art, folklore, Russian and world history, literature about the eras of Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, and the Civil War. Many books have notes from the owner. Tolstoy himself selected antique furniture, paintings, and dishes for the apartment, and was fond of both European and Oriental art. And in the living room, on the sofa, by the way, sits a wooden Pinocchio.

Address: st. Spiridonovka, 2/6 (metro station Arbatskaya)

House-Museum of A.P. Chekhov

He lived in the building, which the writer himself called a “chest of drawers,” for four years, from 1886 to 1890. Chekhov wrote that “the color of the house is liberal, that is, red,” and its walls still look the same as they did during the writer’s lifetime. The owner's office and bedroom, the rooms of his brother and sister, and the living room were restored according to the drawings and descriptions of Anton Pavlovich's relatives.

In this house, Chekhov was visited by Tchaikovsky, of whom the writer was a great admirer. On Anton Pavlovich’s desk there is a photograph with the autograph of Pyotr Ilyich. In three halls of the house and an extension there is a historical and literary exhibition dedicated to the life and work of Chekhov: portraits of the writer by Serov and his brother Nikolai Chekhov, autographs, lifetime editions of works, a rare collection of photographs of the owner and his entourage, theater posters, mock-ups of the first productions. Chekhov's plays. A separate exhibition hall is dedicated to the trip to Sakhalin Island. There are very educational excursions here, during which you can get acquainted with a completely different Chekhov - not a boring portrait from a textbook, but a living person, cheerful, observant, paradoxical. For example, you will learn that Anton Pavlovich, who was a very attractive man, had many fans, whom his relatives jokingly called “Antonovkas.”

Literary Museum-Center K.G. Paustovsky

This is not a memorial museum, but a museum created by enthusiasts and fans of the writer. The exhibition is located in the “Gardener’s House” of the Vlakhernskoe-Kuzminki estate, which in its appearance perfectly matches the works of Konstantin Georgievich. Since the middle of the 19th century, this house was rented out as a summer cottage to city dwellers who wanted to spend the summer in nature. The house got its name “Seraya Dacha” because of the coloring of the facade. The main exhibition is dedicated to the life and work of the writer. Exhibitions, concerts, conferences, and excursions take place here. In addition, the museum publishes the literary and artistic magazine “The World of Paustovsky”.

Address: st. Kuzminskaya, 8 (metro station Ryazansky Prospekt)

Museum of I.S. Turgenev

The writer's museum in the memorial house on Ostozhenka was opened to visitors just five years ago. Turgenev's mother lived in this mansion in the 1840s and 50s. Ivan Sergeevich often visited her. And the events described in “Mumu” ​​took place in this estate. In the halls of the front suite of rooms on the first floor of the house there is an exhibition dedicated to the life and work of Ivan Sergeevich.

Address: st. Ostozhenka, 37, building 7 (metro station Kropotkinskaya)

P.S. In our review, we did not cover many museums, such as, for example, Bulgakov’s “Bad Apartment,” the Vysotsky House on Taganka, the Mayakovsky Museum on Lubyanka, etc. There are about three dozen literary museums in the capital, and a lot of interesting things awaits you in each. For detailed information about the work of museums, see their websites.

A large and great country must have a large and great literary heritage, and not only book heritage. We have selected twenty of the most interesting memorable places in the life of Russian writers.

Turgenev's estate in Spassky-Lutovinovo

The Turgenev estate had a difficult fate - after the death of the writer, most of the valuable things were dismantled by the heirs, and the house itself burned down. Something was saved thanks to the new owners, the Galakhovs - they took out the old library and some of Turgenev’s personal belongings in advance. But in general, the estate, along with the beautiful park, fell into disrepair. The anniversary of the writer, who would have turned 100 in 1918, helped prevent its further destruction. The new Soviet government took this place under protection and turned it into a museum. But the house itself was restored only in 1976. It was here that Ivan Turgenev wrote his “Fathers and Sons”, “The Noble Nest”, “On the Eve”, “Rudina”, “The Inn” and several other works. Famous contemporaries - Fet, Nekrasov, Aksakov and others - visited the writer at the estate.

Pasternak Museum in Chistopol

Chistopol is a small town in Tatarstan, 130 kilometers from Kazan. During the Great Patriotic War, it became a refuge for the Union of Soviet Writers - many famous literary figures lived here during evacuation. Among them are Akhmatova, Aseev, Tsvetaeva and Pasternak. The latter has his own memorial museum here - a small mansion of the late 19th century, where Pasternak lived and worked during the war. On the second floor of the house there is an exhibition “Chistopol Pages”. She talks about Pasternak's Chistopol period and his relationships with evacuated colleagues. The museum also displays the writer's everyday items, including his desk. The interior is so well preserved that it seems as if the famous owner himself is about to enter the room.

Historical and Memorial Museum of M.V. Lomonosov in the Arkhangelsk region

The name Lomonosov primarily evokes associations with science, but we should not forget that Mikhail Vasilyevich was also an excellent writer. Belinsky called him the founder and father of Russian poetry. Therefore, the museum in the village of Lomonosovo, located on the site of the family estate of the famous scientist and poet, is of particular importance, including for those who are interested in Russian literature. The house of the Lomonosov family itself has long been gone, but the pond that was dug by Mikhail Lomonosov’s father Vasily Dorofeevich has been preserved. The museum itself features six exhibitions telling about different areas of the great man’s work, including poetry.

Yeletsk Bunin Museum

If suddenly fate one day brings you to the city of Yelets, be sure to visit the Bunin Museum. The landmark is a long hut with carved white trim. The museum was opened in the late 80s, its appearance was preceded by serious research work. The fact is that Bunin lived in different places in Yelets; in the end, a house was chosen where he spent three years of his life, being a student at the Yelets boys’ gymnasium. The atmosphere of the late 19th century is very faithfully recreated in the museum space. Bunin's personal belongings, books with his autographs and other important rarities are on display.

Mikhailovskoye is the real spiritual homeland of the main Russian poet.

Pushkin's estate in Mikhailovskoye

Mikhailovskoye is the real spiritual homeland of the main Russian poet. This noble estate was donated by Empress Elizabeth Petrovna to Pushkin’s great-grandfather Abram Hannibal. Since 1818, the estate belonged to the poet’s mother Nadezhda Osipovna; her famous son spent two of his exiled years here and truly reached creative maturity. Several chapters of “Eugene Onegin”, the tragedy “Boris Godunov” and dozens of different poems were written in Mikhailovsky. The Pushkin estate today houses a museum with an exhibition recreating the interiors of the poet’s time. And this is where you should look for the house of Pushkin’s nanny Arina Rodionovna.

Tyutchev Museum in Ovstug

Ovstug is the small homeland of Fedorov Tyutchev, here he was born and spent his childhood. In Ovstug in Tyutchev, the same romantic poet-lyricist that we all know him as from school took shape. Alas, the estate that today serves as a museum is not the true family estate of the Tyutchevs. The poet's family house suffered the same fate as many other noble houses of the past - desolation and then complete disappearance. Tyutchev's house was recreated in 1985 according to the design of the architect Gorodkov. It has three halls telling about different periods of the poet’s life, two memorial rooms, as well as rooms dedicated to his relatives and descendants.

Leskov Museum in Orel

For Russian literature, Orel and its surroundings are of particular importance - many famous writers and poets lived and worked here. But Nikolai Leskov is perhaps the main literary symbol of the city. In Orel, the writer has his own museum - a picturesque wooden estate on Oktyabrskaya Street, which in Leskov’s time was called Verkhnyaya Dvoryanskaya. It must be said that Leskov himself never lived in this house - the mansion was built only in 1874, when the writer was already an adult and lived in St. Petersburg. However, the house was built exactly on the spot where the Leskov family’s family estate was previously located. Leskov's son Andrei Nikolaevich found out the historical location.

Blok Museum in Shakhmatovo

The official name of this place is very long - State Historical, Literary and Natural Museum-Reserve A.A. Blok. The estate is located in the Solnechnogorsk district of the Moscow region. Blok spent every summer here, and we can safely say that it was Shakhmatovo that became the spiritual homeland of the poet. Here he wrote at least 300 works. Mention of the surroundings of the estate can be found in Blok’s “On the Railway” and “All this was, was, was.” And, of course, Blok’s heartfelt affairs are connected with Shakhmatovo - here he met his Love with a capital L - the daughter of the famous chemist Mendeleev, Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva. It is not surprising that the poet would later call Shakhmatovo “his native place” in which he “spent the best times of his life.”

Nekrasov's estate in Karabikha

In 1861, the year of the abolition of serfdom, Nikolai Nekrasov purchased an estate for a summer holiday in the village of Karabikha - a large residence in the classicist style, which was once owned by Prince Mikhail Golitsyn. It was here that Nekrasov would later write the poems “Frost, Red Nose”, “Russian Women”, and also work on his main work “Who Lives Well in Rus'”. After the Civil War, the administration of the state farm was located in the estate, and only in the forties was restoration carried out and a memorial museum was opened. Among the exhibits are Nekrasov's first editions, seven books from his personal library and magazines in which he published.

Ostrovsky Museum-Reserve in Shchelykovo

“What rivers, what mountains, what forests!” - Alexander Ostrovsky described the town of Shchelykovo in the Kostroma region in his diary. Here, starting in 1867, the great Russian playwright spent 4-5 months after he and his brother bought his father’s estate from his stepmother. It is believed that it was Shchelykovo that most inspired Ostrovsky, but it also greatly undermined his spirit. This happened after local peasants tried to set fire to his house. This shocked Ostrovsky so much that his hands and head were shaking until his death; he did not live long after that. In the preserved Ostrovsky House Museum there are many original items of the playwright, including an antique piano, to the accompaniment of which his wife Maria Vasilievna often sang.

Museum-estate "Krasny Rog" A.K. Tolstoy

The Tolstoy family, as you know, was rich in literary talents. One of the offspring - Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, writer, poet and playwright - is familiar to us from the novel “The Ghoul”, “Prince Silver”, the trilogy “The Death of Ivan the Terrible”, “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich” and “Tsar Boris”, as well as from lyric poetry like the poem “Among a noisy ball by chance.” Since 1861, Alexei Tolstoy moved permanently to his family estate in Krasny Rog - a small, cozy “hunting castle”. Here he lived until his death and was buried in the tomb of the 18th century chapel next door. Unfortunately, the house burned down during the war and had to be rebuilt.

Yesenin Museum-Reserve in Konstantinovo

On the high bank of the Oka River, 43 kilometers from Ryazan, the village of Konstantinovo is located. The poet Yesenin was born here, and his museum is located here today. This is a whole complex of buildings, but its heart is a small, most ordinary log Russian hut, the parental home, where the poet came on vacation in the 20s. Here is a Dutch oven, near which Yesenin slept in the cold season, and here is a bucket samovar, which was used for family tea parties - the interior of the house is very lively, conveying the family atmosphere of the Yesenins as reliably as possible. Behind the house is a barn built back in 1913. For the summer, Yesenin set up his bedroom and study here.

Darovoye and Dostoevsky's estate

Darovoye is an estate in the Moscow region (formerly Tula province), where Fyodor Dostoevsky spent his childhood. The estate was bought by the writer's father; it consisted of 260 acres of land. Later, he also bought the neighboring village of Cheremoshnya - instead of with Darov, they turned into the family estate of the Dostoevskys. Next to the estate grew a very picturesque birch forest, which young Dostoevsky loved so much that it was nicknamed Fedya’s Grove by his relatives. Today, instead of birches, aspens grow in this place, but they say that the museum’s management wants to restore the grove. For Dostoevsky, Darovoye and Cheremoshnya turned out to be a tragic place - the writer’s father died here under mysterious circumstances, and it was rumored that he was killed by peasants. The writer would later reflect this sad fact in his “The Brothers Karamazov.”

Museum-Estate "Yasnaya Polyana"

This place does not need special recommendations - perhaps even people far from Russian literature know that Leo Tolstoy lived and worked here. Tolstoy was born in Yasnaya Polyana, worked right there, and was buried right there. The main building on the territory of the estate is Tolstoy’s house itself, where everything is as it was during the writer’s life, his personal belongings and a library of 22 thousand books. The estate was badly damaged during the war and, they say, almost burned down, but the house was saved.

House of Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov

In the Tver region, not far from the village of Gradnitsa, there was once the village of Slepnevo. There was a wooden house in which the poets Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov lived. In the thirties, a school in Gradnice burned down, so the house in Slepnevo was carefully dismantled and transported to Gradnice. For a long time, rural children studied there, and only in 1989, on the centenary of the birth of Anna Akhmatova, the house was turned into a museum. Gumilyov and Akhmatova lived in this simple Russian estate from 1911 to 1917, as reported by a memorial plaque. The house has two floors and several rooms where the personal belongings of the poets are preserved.

Lermontov Museum-Reserve “Tarkhany”

Tarkhany is perhaps the most famous Lermontov place in Russia. Here, in a small estate of the 19th century, the Lermontov Museum, opened in 1939, is located. The poet spent his childhood and youth on this estate, here he met his first love, suffered the death of his mother and separation from his father, and began to learn about science and art (young Lermontov had a very good library). Finally, his ashes rest in Tarkhany. Among the rarities that the museum stores are the poet’s personal belongings (pipe, cigarette box, box, part of a scimitar handle). In addition, the main work of Lermontov the artist is presented here - the painting “Caucasian View near the Village of Sioni”.

Tsvetaeva's house in Yelabuga

Elabuga is a small, very cozy and neat town in Tatarstan. One of its main attractions is the house of Marina Tsvetaeva, where she was settled in 1941 and where she spent the last years of her life. The museum exhibition here was opened relatively recently - in 2005. The atmosphere of those years is reproduced in the house and Tsvetaeva’s personal belongings are presented. The most valuable exhibit is a morocco notebook, which was taken from Tsvetaeva’s pocket after her death. There is also a lock of the poet's hair and her daughter's powder compact.

Chekhov Museum in Melikhovo

This is one of the main Chekhov museums in Russia. The writer lived here for seven years of his life - from 1892 to 1899. Here is Chekhov's house and the very outbuilding where the famous “The Seagull” was written. Nearby is the so-called Alley of Love, along which Anton Pavlovich often walked. The museum in Melikhovo has no less than 29 thousand exhibits, including paintings by artists and friends of Chekhov - Levitan, Polenov, Seryogin and others.

Museum-Estate "Muranovo" named after F.I. Tyutcheva

This ancient noble estate of the 19th century is located 50 kilometers from Moscow. Two famous poets lived here at different times - first Evgeny Baratynsky, according to whose drawings the estate was built, and then Fyodor Tyutchev, whose family heirlooms and manuscripts are kept today in Muranov. The complex combines several buildings: the main manor house, the house church of the Savior Not Made by Hands and several other buildings. All this is surrounded by a very picturesque park with a partially preserved system of ponds.

Peredelkino, House of Writers

Peredelkino near Moscow is, of course, first of all the Writers' Town, the famous literary dachas where all the main characters of Russian-language literature of the 20th century lived in the last century. The list really turns out to be very long - from Isaac Babel to Andrei Voznesensky. The Writers' Town was created on the advice of Maxim Gorky - in the thirties, the Literary Fund allocated funds for the construction of 50 dachas based on German designs. You can talk about the literary life of Peredelkino for a very long time - every square centimeter here is saturated with literature. By the way, it was in Peredelkino that Korney Chukovsky arranged readings of his works to all the surrounding children.

Mikhailovskoye is the family estate of the Hannibals in the Pskov region. In 1742, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna granted the “Blackamoor of Peter the Great,” Pushkin’s great-grandfather, Abram Mikhailovich Hannibal, possession of 41 villages on 5,000 acres of land. At that time, these lands were called Mikhailovskaya Bay. In 1781, after the death of the Arab, the lands were divided between his three sons. Osip Abramovich Hannibal, the poet’s grandfather, took possession of the village of Mikhailovskoye. He built a manor house in it, laid out a park with curtains, alleys and flower beds. In 1806, Mikhailovskoye passed to Maria Alekseevna Gannibal, Pushkin’s grandmother. From 1816 to 1836, the estate was owned by the poet’s mother, Nadezhda Osipovna Pushkina.

The young poet first visited here in the summer of 1817 and, as he himself wrote, was fascinated by “rural life, the Russian bathhouse, strawberries, etc., but I didn’t like all this for long.” The next time Pushkin visits Mikhailovskoye is in 1819. And from August 1824 to September 1826, Pushkin was here in exile.

In 1824, police in Moscow opened a letter from Pushkin, where he wrote about his passion for “atheistic teachings.” This was the reason for the poet’s resignation from service on July 8, 1824. He was exiled to his mother's estate. Despite the difficult experiences, the first Mikhailovsky autumn was fruitful for the poet; he read, thought, and worked a lot.

Pushkin completes the poems “Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet”, “To the Sea”, and the poem “Gypsies”, which he began in Odessa. In the fall of 1824, he resumed work on autobiographical notes, pondered the plot of the folk drama "Boris Godunov", and wrote a comic poem "Count Nulin". In total, the poet created about a hundred works in Mikhailovsky.

In subsequent years, the poet periodically came here to take a break from city life. So, in 1827, Pushkin began the novel “Arap of Peter the Great” here. In 1835, in Mikhailovskoye, Pushkin continued to work on “Scenes from the Times of Knights”, “Egyptian Nights”, and created the poem “I Visited Again”.

In the spring of 1836, Nadezhda Osipovna died after a serious illness. The estate became the property of Pushkin. And after the poet’s death it began to belong to his children.

The turbulent 20th century did not spare Mikhailovsky. In February 1918, Mikhailovskoye and neighboring estates were burned. On March 17, 1922, by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye and Pushkin's grave were declared protected areas. Buildings were restored on old foundations based on archival documents, paintings and lithographs. During the Great Patriotic War, the estate was occupied by the Germans. The manor buildings were burned again. After the war, restoration of the estate began. Now there is the Memorial Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin.

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Even though it was not the capital of our state either in the “Golden” or in the “Silver” age of Russian literature, Moscow has always remained the home of many greats. Writers and poets worked in rented rooms in narrow alleys, got married in ancient churches, and dedicated their lines to the streets of the Mother See. Descendants make sure that authors who have already stood the test of time are known not only by humanities scholars, but also by the youngest residents of the current capital, its guests, who may be far from the world of literature. It is very important to be familiar with the works of Pushkin, Bulgakov, Tsvetaeva, but it is no less valuable to learn a little more about their lives. Perhaps the decoration and location of the apartment, favorite walking routes, places of meetings and circles will help to better understand certain of their ideas and thoughts. There are almost three dozen writers' museums in Moscow. Among them there are real houses of masters of the Russian word, there are memorial exhibitions, there are simply dedications based on creativity. We have chosen for this review the most significant and interesting ones, although there are others, we are sure that everyone will find something to learn for themselves.

The memorial office of Valery Bryusov was created by the widow after the death of the poet, critic and writer in the house where he lived for fifteen years. He remained here, in an old mansion at number 30 on Prospekt Mira, until his very last days. A few decades later, the building was restored, and in 1999, the Bryusov House Museum in Moscow, a museum of the “Silver Age,” opened there as a branch of the State Literary Museum.

It is not for nothing that the exhibition now bears such a general name, because it is unique: these are colossal funds of manuscripts, collections and visual documents. Their basis, of course, was Bryusov’s huge library. It contains priceless, rare books by the poet’s contemporaries (with their personal autographs!), almanacs, files of magazines and newspapers from the beginning of that “Silver Age”. The diaries and drafts of Valery Bryusov himself are also presented as exhibits. The widest exhibition is decorated with examples of paintings and graphics by Korovin, Polenov, Sudeikin, Burliuk. Here you can see theatrical sketches of Malevich, Mayakovsky, plaster busts of Tsvetaeva, Yesenin, Pasternak, photographs and cartoons of those years. At the Bryusov House-Museum in Moscow, one exhibition is entirely dedicated to the work of A.S. Pushkina: Valery Yakovlechich, like many prominent writers of the Silver Age, more than once turned to Pushkin’s theme. The historical interior of the owner's office was restored based on the memories of relatives and friends.

Life in this museum is in full swing, almost as it was then, during the development of many literary circles and associations: in addition to thematic excursions, unusual lectures and vibrant musical and poetry evenings are held here.

On the day of the centenary of the birth of the great poetess in 1992, the House-Museum of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva was opened in Borisoglebsky Lane in Moscow. The brightest representative of the Silver Age lived with her family from 1914 to 1922 in a two-story building from the mid-19th century.

Unfortunately, and despite the colossal work of the museum staff and enthusiastic researchers of the poetess’s work, there are not many personal belongings of Tsvetaeva in the collection. Just to be able to survive in the terrible, poor and cold times in post-revolutionary Russia, Marina Ivanovna sold most of her valuables and rarities. It is known that an expensive piano was exchanged for a pound of black flour, and the stove was simply heated with antique furniture, cut into chips. Thank God, Tsvetaeva’s descendants, collectors and caring people from all over the world try to replenish the exhibition from time to time. Among such gifts to the foundation are books of the 19th-20th centuries, family photographs, even personal letters, postcards with autographs and, what is especially valuable, manuscripts, lifetime collections of the poetess, postcards with her autographs. In the house-museum you can see a dressing table, an antique wall mirror, drawings and toys of children, numerous portraits of Tsvetaeva, painted by famous artists of that time - real everyday objects that surrounded the artist. One of the exhibitions is dedicated to the life of her husband, Sergei Efron, and his family.

The strong spirit, excuse the pun, of a courageous woman and her finest poetry lives in this house, as does the atmosphere of that amazing literary and cultural era of which she was a part. Moreover, the museum acts as a cultural and creative center.

The opening of the Sergei Yesenin Museum was timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the poet’s birth. In 1995, enthusiastic researchers donated the first collected collection to the city. The Yesenin Museum in Moscow acquired official status already in 1996. The poet’s father, who then worked in the butcher shop of merchant Krylov, lived in the museum building. Alexander Yesenin met young Sergei in 1911, straight from Ryazan here. Here the future great Russian poet was to live for seven years. And this house is the only official place of residence and registration in the capital.

The central “exhibit” of Yesenin’s house in Moscow was an unusually decorated memorial room. It was placed behind a glass wall as a kind of voluminous and informative museum value. The poet’s life and creative path was visualized for visitors. A special exhibition “Yesenin as part of world culture” was also created here. It is interesting that during the excursions, videos are shown, they use the rarest chronicles of the beginning of the last century.

Imagine the beginning of the 19th century and a noisy bachelor party of young Russian nobles, with sparkling punch, creaking boots and clinking glasses, with epigrams and cartoons that made you blush, with fervent laughter. Let's move our “bachelor party” to house No. 53 on Arbat. Why here? What if you put a stocky young man with curly hair at the center of the entertainment, reading his poetry? Yes, here in an old two-story mansion in 1831 there was a rented apartment for Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, and here he was incredibly happy. The very next day after the party we described, the house found its hospitable owner: in the Church of the Great Ascension, Pushkin married Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova. Their wedding dinner and first family ball took place here on Arbat. The poet’s particular calm and happiness during this Moscow period was witnessed by his contemporaries who visited him. Their portraits now decorate the memorial museum-apartment of A.S. Pushkin

But this memorable place was not immediately open to the public. For a very long time, communal apartments were occupied at this address, as at most other Moscow ones. Only a sign on the facade, installed in 1937, reminded residents that Pushkin lived here. Only in 1986 was the house on Arbat restored to officially open the museum-apartment - the memorial department of the State Museum of A.S. Pushkin.

Over the years and events, almost no exact data has been preserved about what the decoration was like in Pushkin’s apartment in Moscow. Creative researchers decided not to “artificially” recreate the interior, but to limit themselves to some common decorative elements characteristic of the era - chandeliers and lamps in the Empire style, cornices and curtains. The poet's surviving personal belongings are here: Pushkin's desk, Goncharova's table, lifetime portraits of the spouses. On the ground floor of the museum there is an exhibition “Pushkin and Moscow” about the difficult, but at the same time very warm relationship between the “Sun of Russian Poetry” and the capital.

It doesn’t often happen that you can actually visit a cult place from your favorite book. You just need to come, for example, to house number 10 on Bolshaya Sadovaya Street. Here, in apartment 50, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov lived for several years. Here he wrote his first stories; the image of this setting froze in his memory for many years. In the “bad apartment” No. 50, shrouded, according to the writer’s recollections, in a mystical atmosphere, the heroes of the famous novel “The Master and Margarita” live, meet and disappear.

Bulgakov's apartment museum was officially opened recently - in 2007. Before that, from the beginning of the 90s, the Foundation named after him was located in a memorable place. Bulgakov. The museum's collection consists of Mikhail Afanasyevich's personal furniture, household items, books, manuscripts, photographs, paintings and records, preserved and donated by the writer's relatives and friends. The exhibition is presented very interestingly. Eight halls introduce us to the era of the 20s–40s, the personality of the author and his literary heroes. Not only is Bulgakov’s room recreated here, but there is also a “Communal Kitchen”, the “Editorial office of the newspaper “Gudok”, where the writer worked, is presented, “The Blue Office” conveys the atmosphere of the writer’s last home in Nashchokinsky Lane.

In the “Bad Apartment” you can listen to a guide who will tell you in detail about the house, its inhabitants and, of course, the great writer of the 20th century. The museum premises are also used as the stage of the Komediant Theater; concerts and poetry evenings, forums on Bulgakov’s creative heritage and photo exhibitions are held here. The museum-apartment is located on the 4th floor. Do not confuse the memorial with the private cultural center “Bulgakov House” on the first one.

Much earlier than others in Moscow - in 1954 - the house-museum of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was opened. Now it is a branch of the State Literary Museum. On Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Street, in a two-story stone outbuilding built in 1874, Chekhov lived for almost four years. That period became a time of incredible inspiration and creative growth. In the house on Sadovaya he wrote almost a hundred stories and plays.

Based on the memoirs and sketches of contemporaries, the museum has almost thoroughly restored the environment in which the writer worked. Today you can see how he lived: his office, bedroom, sister and brother’s rooms. There are books by the playwright translated into different languages ​​of the world, the walls are decorated with photographs and graphics with views of Chekhov’s beloved Moscow at the end of the century before last. Many of Anton Pavlovich’s personal belongings have a whole history. For example, on the desk of a doctor-writer there is a bronze inkwell with the figure of a horse. It was given to him by a poor patient, with whom Chekhov not only did not demand money for consultations, but also gave money for further treatment. A photograph of his favorite composer Tchaikovsky, with a personal autograph, was very dear to his heart.

Chekhov's family donated manuscripts and documents to the state, which formed the basis of the exhibition housed in three halls of the museum. One of the rooms is entirely dedicated to the writer’s trip to Sakhalin. And the main hall of the Chekhov House-Museum in Moscow is not only an exhibition hall, but also a concert hall. The Chekhov Theater troupe plays here. You can look at the rarest posters for performances of that time, postcards with outstanding actors playing in plays based on Chekhov's works, programs, photographs of Chekhov in the acting environment, reviews of his contemporaries on his drama.

An architectural monument of Russian classicism, created by I.D. Gilardi, based on the drawings of D. Quarenghi, - the building of the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor - a place of pilgrimage not only for connoisseurs of the art of construction. The wing of the hospital was used, among other things, for the resettlement of its workers. The two-room apartment on the ground floor was occupied by the family of the doctor Dostoevsky. His son Fedor, born in the wing opposite, lived with his father and mother from 1823 to 1837. At the age of less than 16, he left Moscow for the then capital - St. Petersburg.

What is surprising is that the apartment where the great artist of words absorbed images and impressions from childhood was never rebuilt. The museum on Bozhedomka was opened back in 1928. Today, the street on which this house No. 2 stands is named after the author of The Brothers Karamazov. The collection is based on the most valuable items and documents carefully preserved by Dostoevsky’s wife, Anna Grigorievna. The interior of the rooms was restored according to the memoirs of the writer’s brother. The exhibition includes family furniture, decorative items, such as bronze candelabra, lifetime portraits of F.M.’s parents and relatives. Dostoevsky and even little Fedya’s very first book - “One Hundred and Four Selected Stories of the Old and New Testaments.”

Already outside the walls of the memorial apartment, but in the building of the former hospital, which became the Dostoevsky Museum in Moscow, the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature at Moscow State University and professional historians assembled the exhibition “The World of Dostoevsky,” introducing visitors to how Fyodor Mikhailovich lived and worked. There is also a lecture hall here.

The memorial setting of Korney Chukovsky's dacha has been almost completely left in the form it had during his lifetime. A two-story house on Serafimovich Street in Peredelkino keeps the secrets of creating many works for adults and children, because Korney Ivanovich lived here for almost thirty years. The museum collection includes household items of the writer, translator and literary critic, a large library of books and documents, including autographs of Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn, Gagarin and Raikin, a collection of toys - gifts from children admired by his fairy tales. The house-museum was opened in 1996 in the writers' village.

The museum in Peredelkino is artistically filled with interesting exhibits and illustrations of the storyteller’s work: here is a miracle tree with shoes, and here is an old black telephone, which was probably used by an elephant. After looking in the mirror of the magic box, you need to make a wish. Here you can also see the cartoon “Telephone”, voiced by Korney Ivanovich himself.

In Zamoskvorechye, that rare area of ​​our metropolis, where to this day, by some miracle, the original appearance and charm of ancient streets has been preserved, the A.N. Museum was opened in 1984. Ostrovsky. It was here that the great Russian playwright was born. This is not even a house, but rather a two-story wooden manor of the early 19th century, around which a marvelous garden blooms from the first days of spring until almost mid-autumn.

The home environment that existed during the writer’s lifetime has been restored almost completely. There is a pleasant atmosphere of measured life. On the ground floor of the house Ostrovsky's belongings are collected: pieces of furniture (including his father's rare collection), books, family portraits. In addition, many items in the museum collection allow the visitor to learn the history of Moscow at that time, the customs and tastes of its inhabitants, and through this, perhaps, better understand the work of Alexander Ostrovsky. On the second floor, unique items related to stage productions of the playwright's works are exhibited. These are manuscripts, old posters, photographs of actors, sketches of scenery. As many as two halls are reserved specifically for the iconic plays “Dowry” and “The Thunderstorm”.

The Museum of the writer Leo Tolstoy in Moscow is located on Prechistenka. Under him, the Museum Academy for preschool children “Ant Brothers” regularly conducts developmental classes, as well as theatrical clubs for school students of different ages. It has its own lecture hall and cinema hall, library, second-hand bookstore, connected, of course, with the life and work of Lev Nikolaevich. Also, in order to unite literary scholars and writers, and professionals from other museums, art connoisseurs, the literary club “Lewin” was created at the museum.

Today, the main thematic excursions of the museum are “Father's House. The Youth of a Genius,” “Legends and Creation of the Tolstoy Family,” “Pages of Life,” “Earth and Heaven,” “War and Peace.”

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