Who is Gogol's scoundrel? Image of Chichikov

Peter
scoundrel entrepreneur

Irakli
both

Svyatoslav
Merzlikin ON

Arseny
entrepreneur with vile intentions))

Valery
both a scoundrel and an entrepreneur

Ostromir
Now he seems to be an entrepreneur.

Anisim
enterprising swindler

Arkady
A scoundrel and an entrepreneur are very similar concepts; you can count honest businessmen on one hand, since the law “if you don’t cheat, you can’t sell” applies.

Dmitriy
Honest Entrepreneur

Emelyan
normal approach to business...shadow economy)))))...many people live like this

Vissarion
the first literary businessman - this is his genius

Mstislav
In those days he was a scoundrel, now he would be an entrepreneur

It would be fairer to call him: master,

Acquirer.

N. Gogol. Dead Souls

In the poem "Dead Souls" N.V. Gogol showed us not only the destruction of the old patriarchal noble Russia, but also the need for the emergence of people of a different orientation in life, dexterous and enterprising, such as Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov.

In the image of Chichikov we see “a man of middle age and a cautiously cool character,” he is partly an official and partly a landowner (true, a “Kherson” landowner, but still a nobleman), “not handsome, but not bad-looking either,” neither too thick nor too thin." This image is constantly in development, which is why it is so uncertain; Chichikov is endowed with the ability to adapt to events, characters, circumstances; he is flexible, dexterous, and many-sided.

The father left little Pavlusha an inheritance of half a piece of copper and a covenant to study diligently, please teachers and bosses, avoid friends and, most importantly, take care and save a “penny”, for everyone can betray, only a penny will help and save. Strictly following his father’s advice, Chichikov moved through life and soon realized that the concepts of honor, dignity, moral principles, which the father kept silent about, only interfere with achieving goals.

The desire for acquisition and accumulation was developed in Chichikov from childhood; he sacrificed to it many pleasures that he could use in life. Intelligence and resourcefulness helped the main character make money by deceiving his comrades, bosses, and the state.

Working a lot in early years, enduring infringements and deprivations in life, Chichikov begins his career by deceiving the police officer and his daughter, and then - bribery, embezzlement of government money, and major fraud at customs. His fate was such that he suffered a fiasco every time, but he settled down again and with even greater energy carried out the next fraud, justifying himself by saying that everyone uses their position, “everyone gains” and if he had not taken it, others would have taken it. We understand that in Russia at that time such behavior of officials was natural, but Chichikov differed from everyone else with some incomprehensible caution and prudence. He always approached his “acquisitions” very purposefully, systematically, and slowly. He also carefully thought out the scam with dead souls, which after the purchase he was going to pledge to the board of guardians as if they were alive, and get rich from this business.

When purchasing such an unusual product, Chichikov appears before us as an unrivaled psychologist. He is excellent at communicating with people, using both their strengths and weaknesses for his own purposes. When communicating with officials and landowners, Chichikov behaves completely differently with each of them, skillfully adapting to their characters and social status: sometimes sentimental, sometimes rude, sometimes stubborn and persistent, sometimes flattering and insinuating. With his energy, efficiency, and intelligence, he stands out favorably against the background of sluggish, often stupid landowners who do not have specific goals. However, communicating with scoundrels, swindlers, slackers, fools, this does not make Chichikov more honest, nobler, or more humane. By calling his hero “a swindler of swindlers,” a “scoundrel,” Gogol not only expresses his attitude towards this type of people, but also tries to show us that acquisitiveness is becoming a terrible scourge of society. Dexterous, enterprising, energetic, Chichikov is different from " dead souls"The landowners and officials with whom his business brought him together, however, he brings no less evil to the world. We see how vulgarity, inertia, and spiritual poverty are replaced by merciless unprincipledness towards people, militant meanness.

Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov's goal in life was capital, money as a means of giving independence and position in society. Separate service and ranks never interested him, and Chichikov walked towards his only goal, throwing aside moral standards, honor and dignity, internal responsibility to people for the immoral acts he committed.

Gogol was alarmed and worried by the appearance of the Chichikovs in society, since it not only opened the way for even greater predators and scoundrels, but also led to the loss of humanity. In his “Author's Confession,” the writer admitted: “I thought that... lyrical power... would help me portray shortcomings so clearly that the reader would hate them, even if he found them in himself.” However, we see that in our time the Chichikovs find areas of application for their ideas, energy, and selfish plans. Not only reasonable legislation that stands up for the protection of the people is capable of fighting them, but also each person individually, developing his own personal traits, nurturing your heart and soul.

How to download free essay? . And a link to this essay; Chichikov the Acquirer - the hero of the “new time” (based on N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”) already in your bookmarks.

Characteristic feature Chichikova is incredible versatility his nature. Gogol emphasizes that people like Chichikov are not easy to unravel. Appearing in the provincial town under the guise of a landowner, Chichikov very quickly wins everyone's sympathy. He knows how to show himself as a secular, comprehensively developed and decent person. He can carry on any conversation and at the same time speaks “neither loudly nor quietly, but absolutely as it should. “For every person in whom Chichikov is interested, he knows how to find his
The plot of the poem was suggested to Gogol by Pushkin. Collegiate adviser Chichikov came to the city to buy peasants who were on the lists before the new revision tale. Then they can be pledged to the treasury and capitalized on this, and their former masters will be happy to give up the dead so that the taxes on them will not be so high. So Pavel Ivanovich meets many significant persons of this city and travels around many landowners to perform good deal. Very gracious
1. What epigraph prefaces N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General”? A. Take care of your honor from a young age B. There is no point in blaming the mirror if your face is crooked C. And you are in a hurry to live, and you are in a hurry to feel 2. Who is not a character in N. V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General”? A. Ukhovertov B. Chichikov V. Shpekin G. Gibner D. Strawberry 3. Which of characters N.V. Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" does not utter a single word throughout the entire play? A. The mayor’s wife B. Locksmith Poshlepkina C. Superintendent of schools D. Doctor Gibner D. Private bailiff Ukhovertov 4. In what
IN general outline it is clear that Chichikov wanted to pawn the dead peasants under the guise of living ones, take money for them and hide. However, it is not clear to everyone at the expense of whom Gogol’s hero wanted to profit and who would have suffered the most if the trick had been successful. In "Dead Souls" there is constant reference to an institution called the "guardianship council". It is the secretary of the guardianship council who tells Chichikov the idea of ​​the dead shower. It is to the guardianship council that Chichikov intends to pledge the purchased souls.
Gogol worked on the poem “Dead Souls” for about seven years. In the center of the plot of the poem is Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov. Outwardly this person is pleasant, but in reality he is a terrible, calculating money-grubber. His hypocrisy and cruelty that he shows when achieving his selfish goals are striking. He treated his teacher monstrously. His entire career is a chain of deceptions, bribes, bribes, ruined human destinies. IN bureaucratic world lies and robbery, bribery and money-grubbing, he is his own,
Making fun of the harmful influence of the serfdom not only on the peasants, but also on the serf owners themselves, N.V. Gogol in the poem “Dead Souls” creates a whole gallery of images of landowners, where each face appears as a bright individual character, and at the same time is typical. In the image of Nozdryov, Gogol shows a person completely devoid of the concept of moral and ethical standards, unable to respect either himself or those around him, living only for today. He's one of those people who'll start
If, by painting images of landowners, Gogol gave a picture of the economic collapse of natural serfdom and the moral degeneration of the ruling class, then in the image of Chichikov he showed typical features predator, “scoundrel,” “acquirer” of the bourgeois fold, generated by the initial stage of capitalist accumulation. In the eleventh chapter of the first volume, Gogol talks in detail about life path Chichikov from birth until the moment when this “hero” began buying up dead souls: how Chichikov’s character developed, what vital interests formed in him under the influence

But nevertheless, it is Chichikov who in the poem- one of the few “people of the path” who, according to Gogol, were destined to be reborn. Yes, the hero’s goal is petty, but movement towards it is better than complete immobility. However, the second volume of the poem, in which the hero was supposed to come to the purification of the soul, was never published. The social soil on which the Chichikovs flourished has long been destroyed. And the evil of hoarding continues to entangle humanity. Is this why the image of Chichikov can be considered Gogol’s brilliant discovery?

Chichikov not only tireless in inventing cunning plans. His entire appearance is already adapted to make it easier to “save a penny.” There is no in his appearance bright features, he is “not too fat, not too thin,” “not handsome, but not bad-looking either.” Chichikov knows people well and speaks to everyone in a language understandable to the interlocutor. He captivates officials with “the pleasantness of his secular address”, he charms Manilov with his sugary tone, he knows how to intimidate Korobochka, and with Nozdryov he plays checkers for the souls of dead peasants. Even with Plyushkin, who avoids communicating with people, Chichikov finds mutual language.

Origin of the hero, as the author says, “dark and modest.” His parents are impoverished nobles, and his father, sending Pavlush to a city school, can leave him only “half a copper” and a wise instruction: to please teachers and bosses and, most importantly, to save and save a penny. Even as a child, Pavlusha reveals great practicality. He knows how to deny himself everything, just to save at least a small amount. He pleases teachers, but only as long as he depends on them. After graduating from college, Pavlusha no longer considers it necessary to help the drunken teacher.

We must give the hero his due. He does not enjoy patronage and lacks stars from the sky; everything he achieves is the result of hard work and constant hardship. Moreover, every time the contours of luck appear on the horizon, another disaster befalls the hero. Gogol pays tribute to the “irresistible strength of his character,” for he understands how difficult it is for a Russian person to “throw a rein on everything that would like to jump out and walk free.”

Certainly, it is no coincidence that officials compare Chichikov with Captain Kopeikin. Within the framework of the plot, this comparison is comical (the postmaster does not pay attention to the fact that Chichikov’s arms and legs are in place), but for the writer it is of great importance, it is not for nothing that even the surname of the noble captain is consonant with Chichikov’s “save a penny.” The hero of the War of 1812 personifies romantic era the recent past, but now time has finally shrunk, and the Chichikovs have become its heroes. And the worst thing is that in life they are perceived by people the same way as in the poem. They are called interesting, everyone is happy with them. And therefore Gogol considers it necessary to look deeper into their souls, to discover their “innermost thoughts,” that which “eludes and hides from the light.”

« All Rus' will appear in it“- said N.V. Gogol about his work “Dead Souls”. By sending his hero on the road across Russia, the author strives to show everything that is characteristic of Russian national character, everything that forms the basis of Russian life, the history and modernity of Russia, tries to look into the future... From the height of his ideas about the ideal, the author judges “all the terrible, stunning mud of little things that entangle our life,” Gogol’s penetrating gaze explores the life of Russian landowners, peasants, state of people's souls. The broad typification of the poem's images became the prerequisite for the fact that the names of many of Gogol's heroes became household names. And yet Gogol could be considered a genius simply by creating the image " sweetest person» Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov. What kind of person is this Chichikov? The author emphasizes that the time of virtuous heroes has passed, and therefore shows us... a scoundrel.

Chichikov represents a new type of businessman-entrepreneur for Russian reality. But this does not mean that Gogol excludes him from the series literary associations. Sometimes Pavel Ivanovich resembles a romantic secular hero, who “... was ready to give an answer, probably no worse than those given in fashionable stories...”. Secondly, Pavel Ivanovich has something of the image of a romantic robber (according to rumors, he breaks into Korobochka “like Rinald Rinaldina”). Thirdly, city officials compare him to Napoleon, who was “released” from Helena. Finally, Chichikov is even identified with the Antichrist. Of course, such associations are parodic. But not only. The worst thing, according to Gogol, is that the appearance of such a hero means that vice has ceased to be majestic, and evil has ceased to be heroic. Chichikov is an anti-hero, an anti-villain. He embodies only the prose of adventurism for the sake of money.

Chichikov convinces himself, that there is no “attachment to money itself for money’s sake.” Money is a means to achieve a life of “all pleasures.” The author notes with bitter irony that the hero of the poem would sometimes even like to help people, “but only so that it does not involve a significant amount.” And so gradually the desire for hoarding obscures the most important things for the hero. moral principles. Deception, bribery, meanness, fraud at customs - these are the means by which Pavel Ivanovich tries to ensure a decent existence for himself and his future children. It is not surprising that it is precisely such a hero who conceives a fantastic scam: the purchase of “dead souls” with the aim of pawning them in the treasury. He has long been no longer interested in the moral aspect of such transactions; he completely justifies himself by the fact that he “takes advantage of the surplus,” “takes where everyone would take.”

IAOD

1.The teacher's word.

We are almost finishing our study a large work of N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”. And let's remember some of the heroes of the poem.

Right. And today in class we will talk about this hero Gogol's poem.

Teacher's word.

The first impression of a character is always very important, so let’s turn to the first chapter and try to answer the question: who is he, Chichikov? And what techniques for depicting the image does the author use. Find a description of the portrait of Chichikov, what does the author emphasize in the image of the hero?

Gogol – detail master. This is especially evident in the description of Pavel Ivanovich’s luggage. Things help to understand the essence of the hero. What did Chichikov's things tell us?

- We will learn even more about Chichikov if we read the little story with the poster. Find this episode, highlight keywords, which help to understand the character of Pavel Ivanovich.

What impression did Chichikov manage to make on the officials of the city of N? (1 chapter)

So, Chichikov comes to the city of NN. But why? The purpose of his visit. But before we answer, let's look at the excerpt video “Chichikov in the tavern.”

Chichikov visits the landowners. And in previous lessons we said that Pavel Ivanovich easily finds a common language with all the characters in the poem. With Manilov he is sweet-voiced and delicate, with Sobakevich he is stingy and stingy, with Korobochka he is assertive. It, like a mirror, reflects the spiritual qualities of the landowners, but, speaking about the landowners, we concluded that these are people with “dead souls.” Let's look at excerpts from some of Chichikov's visits to the landowners and let them know how they feel about Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov.

Hero's business card .

Landowner Manilov-

barren dreamer and visionary

invites you to a sweet chat"

in the "Temple of Solitary Reflection"

on the shore of the lake in the Manilovka estate.

“Chichikov at Manilov’s” (video)

Manilov: “Pavel Ivanovich?! ABOUT! He is an extremely pleasant, educated person. He honored me and my darling Lizonka with his visit... he really gave me pleasure... May day... my heart's name day... Yes, the occasion brought me happiness, one might say exemplary, to talk with Pavel Ivanovich and enjoy a pleasant conversation. Nastasya Petrovna Korobochka! What can you say about Chichikov?

Hero's business card

landowner

Korobochka Nastasya Petrovna-

college secretary,

"club-headed"

superstitious and limited

always waiting for you in his village

and I’m ready to sell you even

your soul at a bargain price.

Box: A? That visitor! He then bought dead souls from me for 15 rubles. He also buys bird feathers. And he promised to buy a lot of things. And he also puts lard into the treasury, and that’s probably why he’s a cheat.

Landowner Nozdryov:

reveler, gambler and talker -

with great pleasure he will lose his entire fortune to you at cards,

then he will drink and eat at your expense in any tavern.

“Chichikov at Nozdrev’s” (video)

Hero's business card.

Nozdryov: Who is Chichikov? Yes, he is a big scammer. If I were his boss, then by God I would hang him on the first tree. He also wanted, he’s such a pig, a cattle breeder, to take away the governor’s daughter. I myself undertook to help him in this matter, because he and I great friends. Do you want to know who Chichikov is? Yes, he is a fetish, in a word, a fetish. Now it is clear that he is a two-faced person. Now I know him well. I thought before that he was at least somewhat honest man, but he doesn’t understand any treatment. There is no way to talk to him as if he were a close person. No straightforwardness, no sincerity. Sobakevich, such a scoundrel!

Manilov: Mikhailo Semenovich Sobakevich! What is your opinion about Chichikov?

landowner

Sobakevich Mikhailo Semenovich-

a hater of enlightenment, a strong master, unstable in bargaining,

will be happy to “throw mud at” everyone he knows over a hearty dinner in his home.

Sobakevich : Chichikov – good man!

“Chichikov at Plyushkin’s” (video)

Plyushkin: Yes, I must admit, I see little use in this Chichikov: he has started a very indecent custom of going on visits, and there are omissions in the farm... and feed the horses with hay.

Teacher: So, we listened to those from whom Chichikov bought an unusual product - dead souls. And what did we hear? The most pleasant, most educated person, a rogue, such a piece of trash, generous. Opinions vary, but overall he is a good person. How do you think Chichikov differs from landowners?

Yes, right. Chichikov has a past and we learn about it in chapter 11. But, also in chapter 11, Gogol confronts the reader with interest Ask in relation to Chichikov: “Who is he? So, a scoundrel?

Let's try to answer this question. To do this, let's turn to Chapter 11 and work with the text according to plan.

Plan

Chichikov's childhood years.

Studying at school.

Service in the treasury chamber.

Participation in the construction commission.

Customs service.

Invention of a new method of enrichment.

How was Chichikov's childhood? What Gogol says about the origin and
Chichikov's childhood?

What advice did he receive from his father when entering college?

How did Chichikov take advantage of his father’s advice?

How did you pass it? school years?

What goal did Chichikov set for himself when entering life?

Teacher: Already in childhood and adolescence, Chichikov developed such character qualities as: the ability to achieve a goal at any cost, the manner of pleasing, finding benefit for oneself in everything, spiritual meanness, etc.

Central location Chichikov's biography is occupied by a description of his career.

Service in the treasury chamber.

How did Chichikov's career begin?
- What means does he choose to make a career?
- How did Chichikov manage to win over the police chief?

Teacher: We see that the same qualities that were mentioned above have not only not been lost, but have also been developed.

Participation in the construction commission.

Where did Chichikov move from the government chamber?
- What have you achieved in your new place?

Why did he have to resign from the commission for the construction of a government building?

Customs service
- How did his career develop as a customs official?
- Why did it end in failure?

Teacher: Consequently, the stages of Chichikov’s career are a story of his ups and downs, but for all that, it reveals such traits of his character as energy, efficiency, enterprise, tirelessness and perseverance, prudence, and cunning.

Invention of a new method of enrichment

Teacher: “Here is our hero in full view, as he is!”
And we return to the question posed at the beginning of the lesson:
- “Who is he? So, a scoundrel?

“A decent, knowledgeable and respectable person”; “most kind and courteous; “not handsome, but not bad-looking, neither too fat nor too thin; one cannot say that one is old, but one cannot say that one is young”; kidnapper governor's daughter, “spy”, “robber Rinaldo Rinaldini”, “counterfeiter”, “Napoleon in disguise” and, finally, the Antichrist himself.

It's about about the main character of the poem P.I. Chichikov.

The critic I. Zolotussky said about him: “He’s still some kind of strange scoundrel...”

- Why does Gogol place chapter 11 at the end of volume 1, and not at the beginning?

Lesson summary.

The image of Chichikov is a huge discovery of Gogol in Russian literature. With the development of social relations, the old feudal-serf system rapidly collapsed. The Manilovs, Nozdryovs, and Plyushkins were no longer able to govern the country, the state, or even their own households. Time has called new people to life - energetic, dexterous opportunists who know how to conquer living space for themselves, such as Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, whose image represents the broadest socio-psychological generalization, allowing us to talk not only about literary hero, but also about Chichikovism, i.e. a special socio-psychological practice of a fairly wide range of people. Chichikovshchina threatens the world with its militant, ever-increasing meanness. It brings with it the complete destruction of humanity itself. in a broad sense words. Chichikovism is terrible because it hides behind external decency and never admits its meanness. The world of Chichikovism represents the most terrible, lowest, most vulgar circle of Rus' “from one side,” and therefore the first volume of the poem ends with it, covering all the phenomena that deserved the most merciless satirical ridicule.

Gogol asks the readers a question.

(“And which of you, full of Christian humility, not publicly, but in silence, alone, in moments of solitary conversations with yourself, will deepen this difficult question into the interior of your own soul: “Isn’t there some part of Chichikov in me too? "")

How would you answer this question?

Conclusion: Chichikovshchina is also characteristic of modern society, The Chichikovs are thriving today, and the blame for everything is acquisition.

Target. Analyzing chapter 11 of the poem, draw students’ attention to one of the extraordinary phenomena in the history of Russian culture of the 19th century: to be replaced, of course goodies XVIII century, in which he was embodied moral ideal era of classicism, “strange characters” came, immoral and enterprising.

Tasks.

• Reveal the writer's attitude towards his hero.
• Find out the meaning of the image of the main character, Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov.
• Discuss the relationship between enterprise and ingenuity in finding ways to get rich and give a moral assessment of these properties.

Equipment: electronic presentation, handout cards with excerpts from chapter 11 of the poem and questions for analysis.

The class is pre-divided into 3 groups, each group has one speaker, one co-speaker, and the rest complement.

During the classes

1. introduction teachers.

In the 19th century, the unconditionally positive heroes of the last century, who embodied the moral ideal of the era of classicism, were replaced by “strange” characters, immoral and enterprising. The appearance of such a hero as Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov was a real revolution in Russian literature. A strange hero and a strange poem. This is evidenced by the well-known correspondence between V. G. Belinsky and K. Aksakov, who compared “Dead Souls” with the “Iliad” and considered Gogol to be the Homer of the new time. Why was it possible for such a hero to appear? And who is he, Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov - a clever “combinator”, a hero-acquirer or a scoundrel, as the author calls him? Or maybe in Russia one phenomenon is unthinkable without the other?

1. In the advice of Father Pavlusha, what moral values ​​are money opposed to? Is it possible to agree with such a value system, why is it dangerous?
2. Is the father's instruction consistent with the moral code of Christianity? With which moral laws Does Father Pavlusha's advice differ from the Bible?
3. What is the moral assessment of the author of the instruction himself - Father Pavlusha? Give reasons for your answer.
4. Does a father teach his son meanness or entrepreneurship when he talks about the power of a penny?

3. Work in groups.

Main question:

How did Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov learn his father’s instructions?

Group 1. Analysis of an episode about an elderly police officer.

1. Is it immoral to punish a bad boss?
2. Is it possible to protect good while punishing evil with evil?
3. How to evaluate Chichikov’s actions towards the daughter of an elderly police officer - enterprise or meanness?

Conclusion: the story with the police officer is the first moral threshold that Chichikov crossed. Then it went according to the established rules.

Group 2. Analysis of the episode “The fight against bribes” (from the words “You need to know that at the same time...” to the words “The petitioner, of course, is right, but now there are no bribe takers...”)

1. Who and what is more immoral - a person or a state, an bureaucratic apparatus that does not respect the interests of the individual, or the official himself who uses social vices for personal enrichment?
2. How did Chichikov manage to turn the fight against bribes to his advantage? Was entrepreneurship or meanness evident in this episode?
3. Can deception be moral?

Conclusion: Gogol’s officials rob both the state and the petitioners. Embezzlement, bribery, robbery of the population are everyday and completely natural phenomena. Gogol shows the immorality of officials even through the description of the public places where they serve. “On the square there is a large three-story stone house, all white as chalk...” The author ironically explains: “... white as chalk, probably to depict the purity of the souls of the positions housed in it.” These “pure souls” want only one thing: to live widely at the expense of “the sums of their dearly beloved fatherland.” The writer ridiculed greed, meanness, indifference to other people's troubles, bribery, narrow-mindedness - problems that are relevant in our time.

Group 3. Analysis of the episode “Service as an attorney” (from the words “From the instructions he got...” to the words “That’s two hundred thousand in capital”).

1. Is it possible to name Chichikov smart person?
2. Are intelligence and talent subject to moral assessment?
3. How to characterize a society that values ​​wealth in human souls?

Conclusion: Chichikov is an expected and natural phenomenon in the Russian bureaucratic world, deprived moral qualities. Pavel Ivanovich is a figurative generalization of a wide range of phenomena of Russian reality.

Questions for the class:

• What final assessment does the writer himself give to the hero? Read it.

“So, here is our hero as he is! But they will perhaps require a final definition in one line: who is he in terms of moral qualities? That he is not a hero, full of perfections and virtues, is clear. Who is he? So he's a scoundrel? Why a scoundrel, why be so strict with others? Nowadays we don’t have scoundrels, we have well-intentioned, pleasant people, and only two or three people would be found who would expose their physiognomy to public disgrace and be slapped in the face in public, and even those are now talking about virtue. It is fairer to call him: owner, acquirer. Acquisition is the fault of everything; because of him, deeds were carried out that the world calls not very pure.”

• What meaning does the writer put into the words “acquisition”, “acquirer”?
• Why are the scoundrel and the acquirer contrasted in this passage?
• Can one phenomenon exist without the other?
• How can one explain the fact that Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, a scoundrel hero, entrepreneur and acquirer, is sitting in a chaise that rushes across the expanses of Russia?

Teacher's conclusion. Chichikov's path is fruitless. This futility is expressed through the wisdom of the popular saying about a task that is not worth a damn. This proverb first appears long before the finale of Volume 1, and with it Gogol sums up Chichikov’s case. And this traditional folk conclusion contains both a verdict on the hero and the possibility, according to the author, of a future revival. It is not for nothing that in the second volume Murazov repeats to himself: “Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov is a most mysterious person for me. After all, if only with such will and perseverance, but for a good deed!” I feel sorry for Pavel Ivanovich. After all, the hero wastes all his extraordinary practical intelligence, will to overcome obstacles, knowledge of people, perseverance in achieving goals on immoral, and sometimes simply immoral, deeds. An entrepreneur, of course, must be a dexterous, energetic, practical person, but such concepts as conscience, loyalty to his word, honesty and nobility have always been part of the unique “code of honor” of the Russian merchant. The only pity is that they are increasingly being replaced by bourgeois Chichikovs, for whom the penny has firmly become their ideal instead of conscience.

4. Homework(optional)

1. Essay-argument “Is the revival of Chichikov possible?”
2. Draw up a Code of Honor for a modern entrepreneur.
3. Essay on “Chichikov is bright” strong personality or an ordinary little person?”
4. Prepare a series of illustrations for chapter 11.
5. Create a system of questions to analyze Chapter 11.

Literature

1. Voropaev Vladimir “A Case Taken from the Soul”, magazine “Literature at School”, No. 4 1998.
2. Zolotareva I.V., Mikhailova T.I. Lesson developments in Russian literature, Moscow 2004
3. Pudovkina I. “The world of man in the poem by N.V. Gogol “Dead Souls”, newspaper “Literature”, No. 12 2001
4. Chizhova L.A. “Who is Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov - a scoundrel or an entrepreneur?”, Didact magazine, No. 5, 1996.