Action in the estate of simpletons - free school essays. Minor morals of the family of simpletons

To be honest, one litter.

D. Fonvizin. Minor

D. I. Fonvizin is not only a great playwright, but also a leading man of his century. He was the first in the history of drama to speak out against the brutal oppression of the masses and sharply denounced the autocracy and the reactionary policies of Empress Catherine II. “The brave ruler of satire,” Pushkin called Fonvizin, and today we consider the author of the immortal comedy “The Minor” to be one of the most progressive writers of the “satirical direction” of Russian literature of the 18th century.

In the images of the Skotinin-Prostakov family, Fonvizin very expressively depicted the rudeness, cruelty, ignorance of the serf-owners, and the unlimited arbitrariness of the landowners' power.

Taras Skotinin is proud to belong to a “great and ancient family.” Why is he so great? Stupidity, stinginess, stubbornness. It’s scary that out of the “eighteen people” children of the Skotinin parents, only two remained, while the rest “by the power of God died.” And this was at a time when the father of the family saved money all his life, but was so stingy that he died of starvation without touching his wealth. The main distinguishing feature of the family, according to Prostakova (nee Skotinina): “We were not taught anything... and it wouldn’t be Skotinin who would want to learn something.” Brother and sister Taras Skotinin and Mrs. Prostakova faithfully fulfill this covenant.

Skotinin “hasn’t read anything in my life.” He is afraid of science and is glad that “God saved me from this boredom.” Cruel, cowardly, narcissistic and self-confident, Skotinin does not notice his vices. It is easy for him to live in the world, since there is a science that he himself can teach anyone: he is a master of oppression, of collecting rent from peasants who are already robbed to the bone. Skotinin has a “death hunt” in his life - he loves pigs. The landowner's pigs have a free life, because he treats them “much better than people.” Skotinin even intends to get married at first not out of love for the girl and not because of the “orphan’s” dubious wealth, but because there are large pigs in her village. The landowner’s limitations are limitless, and he himself admits the reason for his strange attachment: “People in front of me are smart, but among the pigs I myself am smarter than everyone else.”

Is Mrs. Prostakova very different from her brother? One of the heroes calls her “a despicable fury,” “an inhuman mistress.” She is despotic and power-hungry, life is hard for the serfs in her house. She complains to her brother that “we took away everything that the peasants had, and we can no longer collect anything.” However, Prostakova does not treat her family much better than her serfs. Everyone gets it: the husband, the brother, and the teachers of Mitrofanushka’s beloved son. Prostakova is ignorant and uneducated, she doesn’t even know how to read letters: “Thank God, I’m not brought up like that. I can receive letters, but I always tell someone else to read them.” But, unlike her rather simple-minded brother, Prostakova perfectly knows how to be a hypocrite; she will never miss her benefit: she disposes of the estate of her sister-in-law Sophia, who was left an orphan, as her own, and is looking for a richer bride for her stupid son. Seeing that her plans are crumbling, she is even ready to use brute force against a weak girl and force her to marry her son. However, having met Sophia’s defenders stronger than her, Prostakova readily throws herself on her knees and begs for forgiveness. Flattery, hypocrisy, rudeness and impudence in the landowner are not only funny, but also scary at times. “Both the crime and the repentance of contempt for her are sufficient.”

Prostakov is the ideal husband for such a despotic wife as his wife. This man is timid and insecure, has no opinion on anything, “a wife’s husband,” as he says about himself. His life was not in vain, because he learned to obey Prostakov unquestioningly and even say what she thinks. “My mother,” he calls his wife. “Freak” and “weeper,” Prostakov calls her husband. Such is the family idyll. Material from the site

And here is Prostakov-Skotinin, the youngest: Mitrofa-nushka, a runt. What a worthy son of his parents! An infinitely lazy liar, a coward, a hypocrite, a rude person, an ignorant person - these are the distinctive qualities of a sixteen-year-old blockhead. “Mother’s son,” he went even further than his parents in his ability to not give a damn about others. Mitro-fanushka is a spiritually devastated person. All his interests in life are to eat well and sleep. He does not know how to think for himself, despite the fact that he is the only “scientific” person in the family. However, the “brilliance” of the knowledge he acquired is so dim that it becomes funny.

Fonvizin touches on a lot of problems in his comedy, asks many questions that have not lost their relevance even now. How do we treat other people? How do we behave in the family? What is more important for a person: pedigree, good education or a kind heart? How to behave when meeting with simpletons, mitrofanushki, and cattle? There are a lot of questions, and it is very important that a person learns to answer them on his own, so as not to be like the ignorant heroes of D. I. Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor.”

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Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor” is relevant to this day. One of the dominant themes of the work is getting an education. By decree of Peter I, all nobles were required to master the basics of science. And Mitrofan was no exception. But his family does not believe that knowledge will be useful in life. Therefore, Mitrofan studies only in order to receive ranks in the future. Without attaching value to knowledge, the Prostakov family sees the meaning of life in money.

He thinks that with their help you can not only live securely, but also achieve respect.

The main character, Mitrofan, is characterized by such traits as laziness, disinterest in his future and immaturity. These qualities are often found among young people in our time. However, now it is even more difficult to cope without education, without knowledge, than in the eighteenth century. The young man is also stubborn - he constantly contradicts his mother. The minor is stupid in mathematics and other subjects. Since Mitrofan does not want to think for himself, he is unable to solve the assigned problems and constantly turns to his mother for help.

Mrs. Prostakova herself is one of the central figures of aristocratic society.

She appears to readers mainly from the negative side. Prostakova is illiterate “Read... yourself... I, thank God, was not brought up like that”), incredulous (“... you’re a craftswoman, but I really don’t really believe you”). Also, the heroine does not want to notice in life what she does not like (“Uncle... did not resurrect”). However, there is one positive feature in the image of Prostakova - this is caring for her son (“... it’s a sin to say that we don’t try to raise Mitrofanushka”). For the sake of her child, the mother of the family is even ready to become related to people whom she has never perceived on a positive side: the news of Sophia’s large inheritance “pushes” the woman to think about the wedding of young people. After all, such an event could in the future provide a luxurious life for both the beloved son and his parents.

However, in the process of talking about the letter that Sophia received from Starodum, it turns out that not only Minor, but almost all the heroes are illiterate. It turns out that the aristocracy of Russia during the time of Peter the Great ignored learning and acquiring knowledge for the most part, and this contradicted and is contrary to the moral ideas of a civilized society about human values.

Thus, in the person of the Prostakov family, D.I. Fonvizin incriminates and ridicules the “literates” of high society. The author shows the wrongness of those who are unable to realize the real cost of education and those who ardently defend their ignorance. Although the level of knowledge in society has increased significantly since the writing of the work, the issue of studying “for the sake of a diploma”, for the sake of a career, and not for the sake of one’s own development, is still relevant in Russia. Therefore, the comedy “The Minor” will sound “on the topic of the day” for a long time.

Updated: 2017-03-04

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What can be said about the methods of education in the Prostakov family?

A person is not born bad or good; moral qualities, character, interests and inclinations are formed in the family. Much depends on the parents, on the atmosphere that reigns in the house. Truly, education is “a great thing: it decides the fate of a person...”.

The comedy by D.I. is dedicated to the problem of education in the family of a Russian landowner. Fonvizin "Undergrowth". From the very first remark, the author introduces us to the atmosphere of a Russian landowner's estate. We meet Mrs. Prostakova, her husband, son Mitrofanushka. “Matriarchy” reigns in this family. Mrs. Prostakova, not being particularly intelligent or educated, keeps her entire family subordinate. Both the servants and Mitrofan’s nurse, old Eremeevna, get it from the wayward landowner. Prostakova's speech is dominated by abusive expressions; she treats her servants rudely, thereby setting a negative example for her own son. So, Eremeevna for her is a “beast”, the tailor Trishka is a “cattle”. The only person to whom her love is directed is her son Mitrofanushka.

This is a runt, a lazy, clumsy fellow who is not yet sixteen years old. His favorite pastime is chasing pigeons. Mitrofan is not particularly fond of science; he is not very successful in it. His speech contains colloquial expressions: “such rubbish”, “maybe”. Mrs. Prostakova, loving her son with all her heart, does not bother him with his studies and pampers him in every possible way. She is unable to instill in Mitrofan any positive qualities or concepts of morality, since she herself is deprived of them. The results of such an upbringing are deplorable: Mitrofanushka is not only ignorant, but also malicious and cunning. In this scene we see that he knows how to flatter his mother, skillfully playing on her feelings.

The hero appears in this scene as the favorite of his entire family. For his father, he is a “funny man” and an “entertainer”; his uncle characterizes Mitrofanushka as “mother’s son.” In fact, he is a slacker and a lazy person, a spoiled brat, accustomed to idleness, who quickly learned the customs of the family.

The hero-reasoner in the comedy is Sophia's uncle, Starodum, a character who is not present in this scene. However, we consider it necessary to mention it, revealing the author’s position in the comedy. “These are the fruits worthy of evil!” - he exclaims in the finale. This character expresses the author’s views in the play, arguing that a decent upbringing should be the key to the well-being of the state. Education should be at a high level, but education has no value in itself. The main goal of all human knowledge is “good behavior”, “enlightenment elevates one virtuous soul.”

The tyrant landowner, Mrs. Prostakova, her brother Skotinin, who loves pigs, the lazy Mitrofanushka - everything is in this comedy, as N.V. notes. Gogol, “seems like a monstrous caricature of the Russian. And yet there is nothing caricatured in it: everything was taken alive from nature and verified by the knowledge of the soul.”

Morals of the Prostakov family. What do we learn from Prostakova and Skotinin about their relatives? What are the relationships between family members? What are the relations of the nobles to the serfs, the interests of the landowners?

Slide 13 from the presentation "Undergrowth and classicism". The size of the archive with the presentation is 3529 KB.

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The problem of raising children, the legacy destined for the country, played an important role in society in the old days and remains relevant to this day. Members of the Prostakov family are strangers to each other. They don't look like a strong, loving family at all. Mrs. Prostakova is rude, power-hungry, and hypocritical. She is a hereditary noblewoman. Following the example of her ancestors, the lady uses her uncontrolled power over the serfs, treats them unjustifiably cruelly, setting a bad example for her son, she humiliates herself before those in power and noble people, which expresses her slavish essence.

Mr. Prostakov, completely subject to the influence of his wife and subordinate to her word, is narrow-minded, apathetic, and soft-hearted. In the relationship between Mitrofan's parents, disrespect reigns, generated by total matriarchy, disregard for the law on the subordination of the wife, the keeper of the hearth, to the husband, the head of the family. Mitrofan is a lazy, careless young man of 16 years old, not striving for anything and not thinking about his own future. He appears as a pampered mama's boy.

Knowing who is boss in the house, he takes advantage of his mother’s boundless, blind love to satisfy his whims. Prostakova, however, does not limit her son in anything, seeing his happiness in wealth and idleness. Knowing about the difficulties of public service, she “allows” Mitrofan to enjoy the last carefree years of his life. Time passes, children grow up, and parents, preparing them for a difficult adult life in accordance with their ideals, often raise them in their own image and likeness. Children inherit habits, ways of thinking and living from their parents.

Mitrofan’s “evil character” is a direct consequence of the bad qualities of his parents. The entire environment of the protagonist is anti-virtuous, so where does his honor and compassion come from?

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Action in the estate of simpletons - free school essays. Minor morals of the family of simpletons

Literature 8th grade

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