Is marmalade worthy of compassion? Literature lesson on Dostoevsky "crime and punishment"
Velimir (real name Viktor Vladimirovich) Khlebnikov was born on November 9 (October 28, old style) 1885 at the headquarters of the Maloderbetovsky ulus of the Astrakhan province of Russia (now the village of Malye Derbety, Kalmykia) in the family of an ornithologist and forester, later the founder of the first nature reserve in the USSR. WITH early childhood Khlebnikov accompanied his father on trips and kept phenological and ornithological records.
In 1903, Khlebnikov entered the mathematics department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Kazan University. In 1904, after submitting his resignation, he entered the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.
In 1903, Khlebnikov was on an expedition in Dagestan, in 1905 - in the Northern Urals.
In 1908 he entered St. Petersburg University - first at the Faculty of Science, then at the Faculty of History and Philology, but left his studies in 1911.
His first creative experiences included not only poetry, which he composed from the age of 11, but also “snapshots” - recordings of phenological and ornithological observations, interspersed with reflections on topics of biology, psychology, philosophy, ethics and sketches of autobiographical prose (“Enya Voeikov”). As a student, Khlebnikov published several articles on ornithology.
In 1908, in Crimea, he met the symbolist poet Vyacheslav Ivanov and entered the circle of his Academy of Poems, but their paths quickly diverged.
Khlebnikov's literary debut was the publication in 1908 of the poem "The Temptation of a Sinner" in the magazine "Spring".
Khlebnikov's fame as an innovator began with the poems "The Menagerie", "The Spell of Laughter", "Bobeobi" (1908-1909). In 1910, he joined the Gileya group, which included the poets Vasily Kamensky, David Burliuk, and later included Vladimir Mayakovsky and Benedikt Livshits.
Soon Khlebnikov became the main theoretician of futurism, which he called “Budetlyanism.” His poems were included in the futuristic collection "The Fishing Tank of Judges" (1910), which announced a new literary movement. In the same year, the poet’s books “Roar!”, “Creations 1906-1908” and others were published.
In 1912, the subsequently famous collection of futurists “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste” was published, half consisting of poems by Velimir Khlebnikov. The rhythmic and sound structure of these poems, as well as the plays “Marquis Dezes” (1909-1911) and the poem “Crane” (1909) written by that time, were aimed at colloquial speech. In “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste,” a table compiled by Khlebnikov, “A Look at 1917,” was published, in which, according to his calculations of the laws of time, he predicted the “fall of the state.”
In 1912, Velimir Khlebnikov’s book “Teacher and Student” was also published, where he outlined the foundations of “budetlyanism” as a new art. His poetic and linguistic research formed the basis of " abstruse language", developed by him together with the poet Alexei Kruchenykh and embodied in their general poem"The Game in Hell" (1912) and in the general collection "The Word as Such" (1913).
Since 1915, Velimir Khlebnikov has been developing the utopian idea of a Government of the Globe consisting of 317 chairmen capable of establishing a fair world order.
During the First World War, the poet was drafted into the army and from April 1916 to May 1917 was in a reserve regiment in Tsaritsyn. During this time, he wrote several poems that were later included in the poem "War in the Mousetrap", published in the late 1920s.
In the spring of 1917, the “Appeal of the Chairmen” was published in a small edition in Kharkov Globe" and the poem "Freedom comes naked..." - responses to February revolution 1917.
Velimir Khlebnikov met the October Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd, describing what he saw in the poem “Night Search” (1921). In 1918, he was in Astrakhan and later embodied his impressions in the poem “The Night Before the Soviets” (1921). In 1919-1920, in Kharkov, Ukraine, Khlebnikov witnessed the defeat of Denikin’s army, which he described in the poems “Night in the Trench” (1920), “The Stone Woman” (1919), and in the story “The Raspberry Checker” (1921). The understanding of the revolution as a universal phenomenon occurs in the poem “Ladomir” (1920), published in Kharkov.
In April 1921, with units of the Red Army, Khlebnikov went to Persia (Iran), during the trip he wrote the poems “Iranian Song”, “Night in Persia”, the poem “The Trumpet of Gul-Mulla” - a kind of diary of his wanderings.
The poem “A Stream with Cold Water...” is dedicated to farewell to Transcaucasia.
Khlebnikov spent October 1921 in Zheleznovodsk, and part of November and December in Pyatigorsk. He worked in various newspapers, in the Baku and Pyatigorsk branches of ROSTA, in the Political Education of the Volga-Caspian Fleet. During this period, the poems “Night Search”, “Chairman of the Cheka”, “Night before the Soviets”, “The Present”, “Hot Field” (“Laundress”), “Slave Coast” were completed.
In December 1921, Velimir Khlebnikov returned to Moscow. In 1922, he completed a “super-story” called “Zangezi”.
In the spring of 1922, being seriously ill, Khlebnikov went to the Novgorod province together with the artist Pyotr Miturich.
Velimir Khlebnikov died in the village of Santalovo, Novgorod province. He was buried in the graveyard of the village of Ruchi, Krestetsky district, Novgorod province. The poet's remains were transferred to Moscow to the Novodevichy cemetery.
The work of Velimir Khlebnikov had a great influence on the poets Vladimir Mayakovsky, Osip Mandelstam, Marina Tsvetaeva, Boris Pasternak, Nikolai Zabolotsky.
The poet’s sister, artist Vera Khlebnikova (1891-1941), after her brother’s death in 1922, wrote her memoirs and illustrated his works in the 1920s. In 1924, she married the artist and teacher Petar Miturich (1887-1956), a witness to the death of Velimir Khlebnikov. Miturich's drawings "Sick Velimir Khlebnikov" and "Velimir Khlebnikov on his deathbed" (1922) became famous.
On June 28, 1986, on the day of memory of the poet, the first Velimir Khlebnikov museum was opened in the village of Ruchi, Novgorod region. Since 1986, Khlebnikov readings have been held in the village of Ruchi.
October 19, 1993 in Astrakhan, in former apartment parents of the poet, the Velimir Khlebnikov House-Museum was opened.
In 2010, the All-Russian literary prize"Listen!" named after Velimir Khlebnikov, which is awarded annually on the poet’s birthday on November 9.
In Kalmykia, near the village of Tundutovo, a monument to Velimir Khlebnikov by sculptor Stepan Botiev was erected.
At the poet’s burial site in the village of Ruchyi, Novgorod region, a monument to Khlebnikov was erected by the famous Moscow sculptor Vyacheslav Klykov.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
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1 F.M. DOSTOEVSKY “CRIME AND PUNISHMENT” (QUESTIONS ABOUT THE CONTENT OF THE NOVEL) Part 1, chapter At what time do the events begin? 2. What feeling does the hero experience? 3. How does the hero answer the question: “What do people fear most?” 4. What is the atmosphere of St. Petersburg streets? 5. What is the contrast between the portrait of the hero and those around him? 6. What thoughts about the hero's hat are comparable to the title of the novel? 7. What details does the author select for the portrait of the old woman? 8. Which symbolic meaning has this particular mortgage? 9. What is the position of the tavern relative to the street? Part 1, chapter What does the official who attracted the hero’s attention look like? 11. What does Marmeladov consider a vice? 12. How is the “compassion-science” opposition expressed? 13. How does Marmeladov characterize Katerina Ivanovna? 14. Why does Marmeladov call himself a pig? 15. In what action was Katerina Ivanovna’s repentance expressed for what happened to Sonya? 16. Why did Lebezyatnikov beat Katerina Ivanovna? 17. What was the fall of Marmeladov?
2 18. How are the concepts of “compassion” and “pity” connected for Marmeladov? Who is capable of pitying Sonya, his most “drunk”? *Compare the ending of Marmeladov’s confession with the gospel parables about judgment day, the harlot, prodigal son. 19. What is the significance of the time (11 o’clock) when the hero brought Marmeladov home? 20. What thoughts does the hero come to about a person’s addiction to meanness? Part 1, chapter What does the author compare the hero’s room to? 22. What “work” does the hero do? 23. Explain the meaning of Rodion for mother and Dunya: “you are our everything, all our hope, our hope.” 24. Why did Dunya endure the Svidrigailovs’ rudeness? 25. What humiliation did Dunya suffer because of the Svidrigailovs? 26. Why is Dunya suitable for Luzhin to be his wife? 27. What “project” did Dunya draw up about her brother’s future? 28. What is the significance of a mother’s fear, whether her son has been visited by “the latest fashionable lack of faith”? Part 1, chapter Why does the hero call Dunya’s upcoming marriage Golgotha? 30. How does Raskolnikov feel about his sister and mother’s sacrifice of himself? 31. What are the similarities between the behavior of Sonya and Dunya? 32. What qualities of Raskolnikov does his attitude towards a drunk girl on the boulevard indicate?
3 33. How did your university comrades treat Raskolnikov? 34. How is Razumikhin characterized? Part 1, chapter Why is green light mentioned in the novel? 36. Make a diagram of the space seen by Raskolnikov in a dream. 37. What is the significance of the reference to the cross? 38. Why, after sleep, does the schismatic first describe the planned crime in words? 39. What words does the hero use to address God? 40. What is the significance of the fact that Raskolnikov left the direct path home? 41. How is Lizaveta characterized? 42. Why does Raskolnikov feel condemned? Part 1, chapter What thoughts expressed by the student in the tavern also arose in Raskolnikov’s head? 44. Why did Raskolnikov dream of Africa? 45. For what purpose is a machine mentioned that a piece of clothing falls into? 46. How are crime and illness related, according to Raskolnikov? 47. Explain the phrase: “It’s not reason, it’s demon.” 48. What are the similarities between Raskolnikov’s thoughts and the thoughts of those sentenced to death? Part 1, chapter Which direction is the tip of the ax directed at the moment of impact?
4 50. Explain how the old woman’s “rat” braid is connected with Raskolnikov’s “tests”? 51. What is the significance of the episode with the keys? 52. How did Lizaveta defend herself from the blow? 53. What is the meaning of the remark: “Look, you’ve cut yourself!”? Results of part 1. What are the reasons for Raskolnikov's crime? Part 2, chapter What does Raskolnikov see as the beginning of the “execution”? 2. With what intention does Raskolnikov enter the office? 3. For what purpose does the author place the hero in an “airless” atmosphere? 4. For what reason was the hero called to the office? 5. How does Raskolnikov’s clash with the lieutenant characterize him? 6. How did Raskolnikov feel after confessing to the police officer? 7. What is the reason for Raskolnikov’s fainting? Part 2, chapter What decisions does Raskolnikov consistently make about what to do with the stolen property? Why not water or wood, but stone? 9. Why didn’t the hero look into the wallet? 10. Why didn’t Raskolnikov accept Razumikhin’s help? 11. Why didn’t you accept alms? 12. What impression does the panorama of the cathedral make on the hero? 13. What is the distance for the hero between the past and the present?
5 14. How did Nastasya explain Raskolnikov’s nonsense about beating the landlady? Part 2, chapter What news reported by Razumikhin was unpleasant for Raskolnikov? 16. What services did Razumikhin provide to his sick friend? Part 2, chapter How does Razumikhin feel about people’s shortcomings (Zametova)? *Parable: a woman was freed from hell after committing only one good deed gave alms with a baked onion. 18. How does the investigation prove the guilt of the dyer Mitri? 19. How does Razumikhin prove Mitry’s innocence? Part 2, chapter Explain the expression on Raskolnikov’s face: “as if he had just undergone a painful operation or had just been released from torture.” 21. What impression do Luzhin’s outfit and his demeanor make? 22. What is Luzhin’s economic theory? 23. To what “consequences” does Raskolnikov bring Luzhin’s theory? 24. What interested Zosimov in Raskolnikov’s behavior? 25. How are Raskolnikov’s numerous contacts with people explained by his thoughts about the “arshine of space” of a person sentenced to death? 26. What are the similarities between Raskolnikov’s feelings during a conversation with Zametov and at the old woman’s door on the day of the murder? 27. What is the significance of a woman’s attempt to drown herself? 28. Why does Raskolnikov enjoy listening to the sound of the bell in the old woman’s apartment?
6 29. What motives bring together the mother’s letter and the workers’ conversation? Part 2, chapter How to explain Raskolnikov’s active concern for the dying Marmeladov? 31. Find the contrast between Sonya’s outfit and facial expression and behavior? 32. Why does the meeting between the criminal and the policeman take place on the stairs? How did the author arrange the characters? What did Raskolnikov mean when answering Nikodim Fomich? 33. What new feeling arose in Raskolnikov? 34. What is the significance of time (11 o'clock)? 35. In what thoughts was Raskolnikov’s pride and self-confidence expressed? 36. Why does Raskolnikov say goodbye to Razumikhin on the stairs? How did the author arrange the characters? Results of part 2. For what reasons does the hero want to confess to the crime and why does this not happen? Part 3, chapter What did Raskolnikov demand from his sister? 2. What did Razumikhin do for Raskolnikov’s sister and mother? 3. Why does Razumikhin kiss Dunya’s hands? 4. What does Avdotya Romanovna look like? *Compare the images of Praskovya Pavlovna Zarnitsyna and Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna (Goncharov “Oblomov”) Part 3, chapter What characterization does Razumikhin give to Raskolnikov?
7 6. What did Luzhin demand from Pulcheria Alexandrovna? Part 3, chapter What painful thought makes Raskolnikov get up from his seat? 8. What do Raskolnikov and his mother say about the apartment? 9. With what slander did Luzhin try to quarrel between Raskolnikov and his relatives? Part 3, chapter What is the expression in Sonya’s eyes and face? 11. Why did Dunya treat Sonya with respect? 12. How does Raskolnikov explain to Razumikhin the purpose of visiting Porfiry Petrovich? What is the true purpose of visiting Porfiry Petrovich? 13. What does Porfiry Petrovich look like? *Sing Lazarus to lie. What is the origin of phraseology? 14. Why does Raskolnikov compare himself to a butterfly flying towards a candle? Part 3, chapter What does Porfiry Petrovich look like? 16. Why does Raskolnikov think that they are playing with him like a cat and a mouse? 17. What is the cause of crime from the point of view of socialists? What word appears often in his monologue? 18. What does Razumikhin see as the goal of the development of society? 19. What is Raskolnikov’s article about? 20. What categories does the author of the article divide people into?
8 *Are genius and villainy compatible? How did Pushkin resolve this issue? 21. What conclusion does Razumikhin draw from Raskolnikov’s article? 22. How are genius and suffering related? 23. Explain the purpose of mentioning Napoleon. Compare this with an excerpt from “Eugene Onegin”: We consider everyone to be zeros, and ourselves to be ones. We all look at Napoleons; Two-legged creatures millions For us there is only one weapon *What figures of world culture can be opposed to Napoleon? 24. What was the trap in Porfiry Petrovich’s question about dyers? Part 3, chapter Why Raskolnikov was stunned by the meeting with a tradesman in a dressing gown. 26. What kind of arithmetic does the schismatic discuss with himself? 27. Why does Raskolnikov unite Lizaveta and Sonya in his thoughts? 28. Explain Raskolnikov’s dream about the old woman’s laughter. Results of part 3. Why can’t we agree that Raskolnikov is committing a crime because “the environment is stuck”? Part 4, chapter What opinion did Raskolnikov have about Svidrigailov’s manners?
9 2. How does Svidrigailov’s story about ghosts relate to Raskolnikov’s condition? 3. How does Svidrigailov imagine the justice of the afterlife? 4. How does Svidrigailov characterize himself? 5. What business did Svidrigailov have with Raskolnikov’s sister? Part 4, chapter What suspicions about Svidrigailov is Luzhin talking about? 7. Which parable does Raskolnikov quote from when talking about Sonya? Part 4, chapter What struck Luzhin about Avdotya Romanovna? 9. How could Dunya contribute to Luzhin’s career? 10. What is the essence of Razumikhin’s project? 11. What makes Raskolnikov refuse family connections? 12. How did Razumikhin perceive Raskolnikov’s condition? Part 4, chapter Draw a plan of Sonya's room. Explain why the characters’ conversation takes place in such a space? 14. For what purpose does the author indicate the exact time? 15. With what feeling does Sonya speak about Katerina Ivanovna? 16. What quality does Sonya highlight in Katerina Ivanovna? 17. What “cruelty” does Sonya confess to? 18. What does Raskolnikov want from Sonya when talking about the future of the Marmeladov family? Did he get the reaction he wanted?
10 19. How does Raskolnikov explain kissing Sonya’s feet? 20. Why Raskolnikov calls Sonya “ great sinner"? 21. How does Raskolnikov understand for whose sake Sonya did not commit suicide? 22. Why did the thought of Sonya’s insanity raise the question about God? 23. What experiment does Raskolnikov perform when asking Sonya to read the episode of the resurrection of Lazarus? (2 options) 24. How does Sonya feel before reading the Gospel? 25. What does Sonya “dream” about while reading? 26. What definition of what is happening does the author give at the end of the episode? 27. How does Raskolnikov see Sonya’s similarities with himself? 28. For what purpose does Raskolnikov call Sonya? Part 4, chapter Why does Raskolnikov develop a feeling of hatred towards Porfiry Petrovich? 30. What “mysterious words” of Porfiry Petrovich might have seemed to Raskolnikov as hints at being accused of a crime? 31. For what purpose does Porfiry Petrovich not arrest Raskolnikov ahead of time? 32. Explain Porfiry Petrovich’s confidence, why Raskolnikov will not escape “into the depths of the fatherland.” 33. Why does Porfiry Petrovich tell Raskolnikov about all his suspicions? 34. Why does Raskolnikov not believe in the sincerity of Porfiry Petrovich? Part 4, chapter How did Porfiry Petrovich react to Nikolai’s confession? Raskolnikov?
11 36. What is the explanation for Porfiry Petrovich’s “surprise”? Results of part 4. For what purpose does the author introduce the reader to Svidrigailov? Luzhin? Sonya? Porfiry Petrovich? Part 5, chapter For what purpose did Luzhin live with Lebezyatnikov? 2. What does Lebezyatnikov look like? 3. How is Lebezyatnikov characterized by the author? 4. For what purpose are the Fourier systems mentioned? Darwin's theory? commune? wife's lover? unbaptized children? 5. For what purpose could Lebezyatnikov go to the wake? 6. Why does Lebezyatnikov regret that his parents died? 7. For what purpose are Dobrolyubov mentioned? Belinsky? 8. What, according to Lebezyatnikov, is higher and more useful than Raphael and Pushkin? 9. How is Lebezyatnikov going to treat his wife’s infidelity? Part 5, chapter What is the reason for the “stupid wake”? 11. How does Katerina Ivanovna relate to people? 12. What offense will Katerina Ivanovna not be able to forgive? Part 5, chapter How does Luzhin “justify” Sonya’s “theft” of 100 rubles? 14. guess what Raskolnikov is thinking about during the scene with 100 rubles?
12 15. How does Lebezyatnikov save Sonya? 16. How does Raskolnikov explain Luzhin’s goals? 17. Can Sonya stand up for herself? Part 5, chapter What choice does Sonya not dare make? 19. How did Raskolnikov notice the similarity between the behavior of Lizaveta and Sonya? 20. What in Sonya’s words and actions “softened” Raskolnikov’s soul? 21. Explain the meaning of Raskolnikov’s words: “if only I had killed because I was hungry, then I would be happy now.” 22. What is Raskolnikov trying to explain by comparing himself with Napoleon? 23. For what purposes did Raskolnikov want to use the stolen goods? 24. How do Sonya and Raskolnikov evaluate a person? 25. What is the essence of Raskolnikov’s “gloomy catechism”? 26. What conclusion does Sonya draw from Raskolnikov’s confession? 27. What questions about himself did Raskolnikov want to get answered through the crime? 28. What conclusions did Raskolnikov come to about the murder? 29. What advice does Sonya give to Raskolnikov? 30. How is the sin of pride manifested in Raskolnikov? 31. Why does Sonya want to give Raskolnikov a cross? Part 5, chapter What words of Lebezyatnikov about madness and tears are connected with the main problem of the novel?
13 33. For what purpose does Dunya come to Raskolnikov? 34. How do they relate last words Katerina Ivanovna with an episode of Raskolnikov's dream? 35. How did Svidrigailov manage the rubles? 36. What significance do Svidrigailov’s hints have for Raskolnikov? Results of part 5. For what purpose did the author compare the images of Katerina Ivanovna and Sonya with the image of Raskolnikov? Part 6. Chapter Explain Raskolnikov’s condition within 3 days after the death of Katerina Ivanovna. 2. Compare Svidrigailov’s words about air with previous episodes. 3. What hopes do Raskolnikov have after Razumikhin’s words? Part 6, chapter What did Porfiry Petrovich hope for in the office (part 4, chapters 5-6)? 5. How does Porfiry Petrovich characterize Raskolnikov? 6. As Porfiry Petrovich explains, why did Mikolka take over the menu? 7. How does Porfiry Petrovich connect crime and modernity? 8. What, according to Porfiry Petrovich, is Raskolnikov capable of? *What is the significance of the mention of Schiller? 9. What should the schismatics learn from Mikolka? Part 6, chapter Guess what “new” Raskolnikov was looking for in Svidrigailovo?
14 11. How does Svidrigailov characterize St. Petersburg? 12. Guess what “new” thing Svidrigailov expected from Raskolnikov? 13. For what purpose did Svidrigailov come to St. Petersburg? 14. What would Svidrigailov have had to do if he had not taken up debauchery? 15. What conclusion does Raskolnikov come to about Svidrigailov? Part 6, chapter How did Dunya Svidrigailova “rescue”? 17. What impression does the story about Svidrigailov’s “bride” make on Raskolnikov? 18. Explain the motives for Svidrigailov’s behavior with the “bride” and the 13-year-old girl from the “cloaca”. Part 6, chapter How does Svidrigailov see the identity of his views with Raskolnikov’s theory? 20. From Svidrigailov’s point of view, does Raskolnikov have a conscience? 21. What does Svidrigailov say about Russian people? 22. How does Svidrigailov feel about Duna? 23. Why did Dunya throw away the revolver? 24. What remains for Svidrigailov when he loses hope of happiness with Dunya? Part 6, chapter What significance does the change in weather have for the novel? 26. For what purposes does Svidrigailov give money to Sonya? 27. What does it feel like true meaning for Svidrigailov’s “bride”? 28. Explain the author’s choice of the name of the hotel “Andrianopol”.
15 29. *In the novel “The Idiot” positive hero, Christ incarnate, bears the name Mouse. Explain the symbolism of the mouse dream. Why does Svidrigailov dream about a drowned woman? 30. Why does Svidrigailov intend to go under a bush drenched in rain? 31. Why did Svidrigailov have a nightmare about a 5-year-old girl? 32. What does “going to America” mean for Svidrigailov? Part 6, chapter Why did Raskolnikov come to his mother? 34. Why didn’t Raskolnikov drown himself in the Neva? 35. What does Dunya see as atonement for her brother’s sin? 36. How does Raskolnikov feel about his crime? 37. What would not have happened to Raskolnikov if no one loved him? Part 6, chapter What, according to Sonya, besides the fear of death, should keep Raskolnikov from committing suicide? 39. Why does Raskolnikov come to Sonya? 40. Explain the symbolism of the episode with the beggar. 41. With what feeling does Raskolnikov kiss the ground? 42. Why doesn’t Raskolnikov utter words of recognition in the square? 43. How did the news of Svidrigailov’s suicide affect Raskolnikov? 44. How did the meeting with Sonya under the stairs influence Raskolnikov’s decision to confess? Results of part 6.
16 What is Raskolnikov looking for from meetings with Svidrigailov? Epilogue. Chapter How does the action time change? 2. How does the space for the hero change? 3. What facts from Raskolnikov’s past commuted the sentence? 4. What is Raskolnikov’s mood during 9 months of hard labor? Epilogue. Chapter What is the cause of Raskolnikov’s illness? 6. Why was Raskolnikov ashamed? 7. What could Raskolnikov be happy about? 8. Explain why Raskolnikov feels “free” in prison? 9. What did Raskolnikov see as his crime? 10. What surprised Raskolnikov in prison? 11. What did the convicts accuse Raskolnikov of? 12. How did the convicts treat Sonya? 13. What is the meaning of dream-delirium? 14. What does Raskolnikov see from the river bank? 15. What does “resurrection” mean for Raskolnikov? 16. What is Raskolnikov’s attitude towards religion in the finale?
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F. M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment"
Lesson notes
I OPTION
Subjectlesson. Raskolnikov's anti-humanistic theory and its collapse (“permission of blood according to conscience”).
Targetlesson: based on the text, prove that the essence of Raskolnikov’s theory is anti-humanistic; his conscience could not bear the shed blood, he could not overcome the man in himself.
Equipmentlesson: tape recording of a lecture on Raskolnikov’s theory; illustrations for the works of Dostoevsky; reports, essays, drawings, wall newspapers prepared by students of two or three grades.
Epigraphsfor the lesson (read by two students):
"Tolstoy and Dostoevsky - two greatest genius“, with the power of their talents they shocked the whole world, they drew the amazed attention of all Europe to Russia, and both stood as equals, in the great ranks of people whose names are Shakespeare, Dante, Cervantes, Rousseau, Goethe.”
M. Gorky
"And in today's world with its atomic bombs, with the robbery of the imperialists, in a world torn apart by racial problems and rampant violence, Dostoevsky’s alarming alarm bells rings, incessantly calling for humanity and humanism.”
Ch. Aitmatov
During the classes.Sounds recorded on cassette short lecture about Raskolnikov's theory. Material for it can be taken from the article by M. Kovsan “Accomplices in crime”
Introduction:The world of stupid, deathly silence is terrible. All the blessings of life here are captured by rich parasites. And he is young. Handsome. Smart. Full of energy. Thirsts to remake this life. Find a worthy place for yourself in it. For this, Raskolnikov comes up with a theory that is anti-human to its core, conducts a terrible experiment, thereby dooming himself to unbearable mental torment. He rushes around St. Petersburg, loses consciousness at the mere mention of the murder, and at the same time he is drawn like a magnet to the crime scene, he suffers even in his sleep (the murdered old woman laughs at him). And there is no end to this pain...
Progress of the conversation.
What would Raskolnikov's theory doom people to if it triumphed?
Students’ answers to this question should convey the idea that Raskolnikov’s theory is anti-humanistic in its essence. It is based on the ideas of biological fatalism: a person’s fate is predetermined from birth. He is either a slave or a master. Rock lifts over people strong personality who is allowed to do everything, even crime,
To achieve your goals. Thus, Raskolnikov's theory would doom most of humanity into slavish service to the one in whose hands the power is. An element of general crime would begin. Many would want to prove that they too are “Napoleons”.
This theory would lead to the disunity of people, to a war of all against all, when they kill, torture, and slaughter each other. This is almost what happened in the last century, when Napoleon set out to conquer the world, and in the 30s of our century, when fascism came to power in Germany...
Ninth-graders confirm their thoughts with excerpts from the text (Epilogue, Chapter 2), as well as materials from school museum military glory.
Students say that Bonapartist ideas are still alive today. Modern material on this issue they select independently.
Why does Raskolnikov commit two murders?
The answers to this question boil down to the following. A person who has committed a crime once can repeat it. It’s like a chain reaction that involves more and more victims. The old money-lender was killed, then the completely innocent Lizaveta, Mikolka was sentenced to hard labor... And how many other people are affected by this story: both loved ones, relatives and complete strangers. Everyone is worried about this murder. They talk about him, and because of him, those who are innocent of anything suffer.
Why did Dostoevsky put an ax in Raskolnikov’s hands, and not, say, a knife or other weapon?
Sometimes students find it difficult to answer. Then the teacher asks a leading question:Have you come across the image of an ax in works of Russian literature?
The students remember: Herzen and Chernyshevsky called Rus' to the axe. In this case, it serves as a symbol of the struggle for the rights of the common man. In Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” Savely, the Holy Russian hero, who buried the German Vogel alive in the ground, says:Our axes lay for the time being , is like a weapon of defense against oppressors. And here is another Nekrasov poem:My heart breaks with agony, I have a hard time believing in the power of goodness, hearing the reigning sounds of drums, chains, and an ax in the world. It was written during the years of reaction. Here the ax is mentioned as a means of reprisal against revolutionaries, people who bring progressive democratic views to life.
So, the ax is an allegorical image that has a certain ideological meaning. We see that this is a symbol not only of blind force, but also of the fight against injustice, and retribution with those who have entered the path of this struggle, the fight against injustice, and retribution with those who have entered the path of this struggle.(“You’re a master! Shouldn’t you be walking around with an ax; it’s not a master’s business at all.” ).
Let's rememberWhy does Raskolnikov choose an old pawnbroker as his victim? For him, she personifies all the forces of evil that inhabit the world in which people like his sister, Sonya Marmeladova, Katerina Ivanovna and her children live and suffer. Raskolnikov raises an ax to clear the way for good, punishing injustice. But the blow intended for the hard-hearted and greedy usurer falls on him too. In Dostoevsky's understanding, a raised ax is in any case a symbol of violence, and it does not matter for what purpose it was used.
Why is Raskolnikov suffering and tormented after the crime? Answering this question, students say that, creating his terrible anti-humanistic theory, Raskolnikov is sure that his conscience will not torment him. But unexpectedly for himself, he experiences torment both because he was unable to stand above the entire anthill, and because he cannot look his mother in the eyes, talk to his sister, Razumikhin, that he feels blood on his hands, sees clean people in front of him and as if he doesn’t want to touch them. Raskolnikov is ambivalent. On the one hand, murder is disgusting to him, but on the other hand, he allows himself to shed blood out of conscience. But there is nothing to calm the conscience. The guys confirm this idea with excerpts from the novel (part 3, chapter 5; part 4, chapter 4; part 5, chapter 4),
The image of Raskolnikov is tragic. He, a humane person by nature, is trying to destroy the idea of humanity. (I'm not a person, I killed a principle ). His crime also turns into spiritual suicide. He says:Did I kill the old lady? I killed myself, not the old woman!
Other guys, recognizing the duality of Raskolnikov’s complex nature, believe: he is tormented because he does not want to accept suffering as retribution for a crime, that is, he does not want to admit that he is wrong. He says thatthose people are not made like that (those areextraordinary). Therefore, the real ruler, who defeated Toulon, carried out a massacre in Paris, abandoned the army in Egypt, and started the war of 1812, was not bothered by his conscience, because everything was allowed to him. And Raskolnikov suffers most of all because he overstepped, and remained on this side, that is, because heordinary. The consciousness of his insignificance comes to him. Raskolnikov concludes that he, like everyone else, -louse, trembling creature (Part 4, Chapter 4; Part 5, Chapter 4; Part 6, Chapters 7, 8; Epilogue).
Raskolnikov's act is the ultimate test of the idea. He thought of killing and remaining calm. But human nature is much more complex: in Belinsky’s words, it islabyrinth of the unknown, hiding place . Raskolnikov is dual both in crime and in suffering: his soul is split in two (hence his surname). Here's what Dostoevsky tells us about this:
And even if fate sent him repentance, breaking his heart, driving away sleep, such repentance that it would seem like a noose and a whirlpool, he would rejoice at it. But he did not repent of his crime,
He admitted one thing as his crime: that he could not bear the mental anguish and turned himself in and confessed.
Let's rememberRaskolnikov's attitude towards conscience. What is it like?
The guys read out the dialogue:
Porfiry Petrovich: What about conscience?
Raskolnikov: Whoever has it suffers if he realizes his mistake...
Razumikhin: But the geniuses, those who are given the right to cut, should not suffer?
Raskolnikov: Let him suffer if he feels sorry for the victim.
So, we found out: Raskolnikov explains his mental torment to himself by the fact that he was unable to complete the task, he was unable to become an extraordinary person (become Napoleon ).
But what did he underestimate in himself? ?
The students do not immediately, but still guess: Raskolnikov has a conscience. And all his suffering is the voice of conscience.
Describing the torment of Raskolnikov, Dostoevsky executes those who deny the sanctity of the human person. The writer argues that any human personality is sacred and that in this respect all people are equal.
Dostoevsky shows us that if even a good person, exhausted by other people’s suffering, eager to change the world by turning it onto the path of justice, takes the path of violence, he will still inevitably bring harm to himself and others.
Why is the murderer Raskolnikov closer to the writer and reader than the morally impeccable Razumikhin?
Raskolnikov's experiment is inhumane. Yes, he is a killer. But the writer makes us sympathize with him because he wants to change lives. His soul hurts when he sees injustice. In this way the hero is close to Dostoevsky.
Razumikhin seems to humiliate himself before life. He is her prisoner. He took life for granted. Raskolnikov is rebelling. He is dear to us for his restlessness, for his suffering, for the fact that he argues with himself, torments himself and torments himself in the search for truth.
Razumikhin, indeed, is morally impeccable: honest, hardworking, capable of loving deeply, a correct and decent person. But doubts are not for him. The problems that worry Razumikhin are so insignificant compared to those that Raskolnikov’s troubled mind struggles with. In suffering, Dostoevsky sees the manifestation of true humanity. It is in them that the guarantee of resurrection, the rebirth of personality lies. Describing Raskolnikov's torment, the writer claims that everything truly human has not yet perished in his hero.
Does the cruelty of the era justify Raskolnikov?
Ninth-graders come to the conclusion that living conditions do not remove responsibility from a person. Social order It can be anything, but a person must cultivate conscientiousness in himself. Students confirm this idea with the story of Claude Iserly, who dropped the bomb on Hiroshima, who could not live, realizing the crime he had committed.
Dostoevsky teaches us (this is the topicality, modernity and value of the novel) that there are no reasons and circumstances that could justify the inhumanity of ideas and actions.
OPTION II
Targetlesson: based on the ideological and artistic analysis of the novel “Crime and Punishment”, make an accented analysis of the key problems of the work.
Intrasubject connections : polemics between F. M. Dostoevsky and N. G. Chernyshevsky and I. S. Turgenev on issues of social development; Petersburg by Pushkin and Dostoevsky; the theme of the fate of children in the capitalist world in Nekrasov and Dostoevsky.
Board design.
Subjectlesson: “Look through all the questions in the novel...” (F. M. Dostoevsky).
Epigraph:“The world will be saved by beauty” (F. M. Dostoevsky).
To the left of the board are portraits of I. S. Turgenev, N. G. Chernyshevsky, F. M. Dostoevsky.
There is a screen in the center, and on the right there are sheets with supporting notes:
№ 1 Petersburg by Dostoevsky
Scenery
Scenes street life
Interior
Dostoevsky's Petersburg is “a city in which it is impossible to be.”
№ 2 Topic " little man»
(the fate of Marmeladov and his family)
What is the essence of Marmeladov’s life drama?
Is Marmeladov worthy of compassion?
Katerina Ivanovna.
The fate of children.
The world in which Dostoevsky’s heroes live is a world of “the dead and the perishing.”
№ 3 Crime and punishment of Rodion Raskolnikov
Reasons for the crime:
a) social,
b) ideological,
c) psychological.
What is the punishment?
“They were resurrected by love!”
Logical task:
1. What is unique about Dostoevsky’s views on the development of social life? (Does his worldview differ from the worldview of Turgenev and Chernyshevsky?)
2. What questions did Dostoevsky want to “dig” into the novel?
3. Why is Dostoevsky’s Petersburg “a city in which it is impossible to be”?
4. What is the essence life tragedy"little man"?
5. How does the novel reveal the theme of protest?
6. What problems of our time did this work make you think about?
Teacher's word.F. M. Dostoevsky with great compassion portrayed unhappy and oppressed people, brought to the last degree of humiliation. He boldly raised basic questions in his works: about revolution and socialism, about faith and atheism, about the meaning of life individual person and the future destinies of all humanity. The writer denounced the individualism of predators and with all the power of his genius stood up in defense of the offended and disadvantaged, making readers shudder with horror and shed tears of sympathy over the innocent victims. All his life he suffered from endless pain for a person.
Dostoevsky does not and cannot have indifferent readers. His works excite with the urgency of the problems raised, the poetic mastery of enormous, almost Shakespearean power, at the same time they awaken a feeling of the most decisive protest against the inhumanity of living conditions in bourgeois society.
Work from reference notes.We turn to the problems of F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment.” The discussion of each problem is led by a student group leader, who poses questions during the analysis and then draws generalizing conclusions.
№ 1. Petersburg by Dostoevsky. We are watching the film “Pushkin’s Petersburg”. One of the students reads the poem “Petersburg” by Innokenty Annensky.
We compare the Petersburg of Pushkin and Dostoevsky, finding in the text of the novel a description of the city landscape and interior, scenes of street life.
Questions: What is the leitmotif of these descriptions and scenes? How does St. Petersburg appear in Dostoevsky's novel?
The students’ answers and the group leader’s conclusion boil down to approximately the following. The dominant motive of all descriptions is ugly cramped space, stuffiness, crowding, crush. These are the permanent and only impressions that Dostoevsky’s Petersburg leaves - “a city in which it is impossible to be.” Its atmosphere is an atmosphere of deadlock and hopelessness, which is fraught with scandal, disaster, and crime. The topic of St. Petersburg is not exhausted the big picture life of the city. In the fate of the Marmeladov family, it receives further concrete development. The writer looks into one of the corners of the capital, and an abyss opens up to him.
№ 2. The theme of the “little man” (the fate of Marmeladov and his family).
Life - the Marmeladov family - is a chain of hopeless situations. Catastrophe is approaching inexorably. Every attempt to avoid it only exacerbates the hopelessness of the situation and brings inevitable death closer. No exit. Eventually the resolution comes: death is the only way out.
(The main attention is paid to Marmeladov’s confession. (The record “Marmeladov’s Confession” is listened to),
Questions: What is the essence of the hero’s life drama? Is he worthy of compassion?
The essence of Marmeladov’s life drama lies in the clear awareness that there is nowhere and no one to go to. There is only one thing left for him to do - die. His wife repeats this fate. (One of the students analyzes the image of Katerina Ivanovna).
The world in which Dostoevsky’s heroes live is a world of “lost and perishing”; for a person there is no hope for change. The monstrous crime of society is primarily manifested in the shedding of children's tears.
The theme of children in the capitalist world is revealed in the process of commenting on reproductions of paintings by V. Perov “Troika”, V. Makovsky “On a visit to my son”, reading excerpts of poems from the cycle “About the Weather” (“In our street life is working...”), “The Cry of Children” by N. A. Nekrasov.
Accusing the world of cruelty, Raskolnikov, like all true humanists of his era, first of all talks about children. Impressions from meetings with unfortunate children exacerbate Raskolnikov’s hatred of the surrounding reality and strengthen confidence in the correctness of his theory: in a society where evil reigns, in the name of its eradication, the shedding of blood is permitted according to conscience. From the first pages of the novel, the theme of children's tears and a child's pure soul sounds like an indictment of the underworld.
The tragedy of the situation of Dostoevsky's heroes lies not only in hopelessness, but also in the awareness of a dead end: they clearly see that their death is close and inevitable. They are in a state of being sentenced to death.
The writer does not forget about the other side of the life of Russian society. It is not only the fate of “poor people” that testifies to the disastrous trends in the development of Russia in the 60s of the 19th century. “Fatal, transitional” times give birth to successful industrialists. In the gallery of “masters of life,” Luzhin is the most typical.
(Students characterize the image of this character).
Dostoevsky is not limited to compassion for the unfortunate. From the pages of the novel a voice of protest and indignation is heard. It is heard in the hopeless: “There is no one to go to,” Marmeladova, in the “desperate and hateful” cry of Katerina Ivanovna: “They drove away the nag! I'm overstrained!" The position of the heroes is such that the reader has an urgent need for decisive and quick action.
What to do? How to escape from death? This is where the main theme of the novel begins - the theme of protest associated with the image of the main Hero Rodion Raskolnikov.
№ 3. Crime and punishment of Rodion Raskolnikov.
When working on this summary, we use a letter from F. M. Dostoevsky to M. N. Katkov, publisher of the magazine “Russian Messenger” (September, 1865); film "Crime and Punishment"; Rosa Luxemburg's statements about the writer.
Questionabout what pushed Raskolnikov to commit a crime is one of the main ones in the novel. Three students prepare messages in advance about social, ideological, psychological reasons atrocities committed by Rodion Raskolnikov.
Questions: What is the punishment? Is renewal and revival possible for Raskolnikov?
The students talk about the pangs of conscience experienced by the hero, about the compassion and mercy of Sonya Marmeladova, and about the fact that heroes can be resurrected by love.
Then we compare Dostoevsky’s novel with the works about the “new people” of Turgenev and Chernyshevsky.
At the end of the lesson we work on the logical task. During this work, a conclusion will be formulated from the conversation that took place in class.
Final word teachers. The period of the 60s of the last century is known to us from the works of A. Ostrovsky, I. Turgenev, N. Chernyshevsky, M. Saltykov-Shchedrin. The works of F. Dostoevsky reveal a decisive polemic with them, both with liberals and with revolutionary democrats. He sees individualistic rebellion in the revolutionary movement and fears that in the process of revolutionary transformations of life, an anti-humanistic idea directed against the individual will triumph:end justifies the means. Following the painful path of knowledge of evil, the writer nevertheless believes in the triumph of good, awakened in the minds of people by Beauty and Love.
It is not for nothing that Dostoevsky’s novels are sometimes called a collection of fifth acts of tragedies; each of them ends in such a way that it suggests the existence of a different, truly human reality.
T. D. Sadchenko
Teacher of Russian language and literature
MKOU "Secondary School No. 22",
With. Obilnoe, Georgievsky district,
Stavropol region
Lessons
108–109
Rodion Raskolnikov in the world of the humiliated
and the offended. Path to crime
Goals : expand students’ understanding of the characters in the novel; to achieve an understanding that the world in which Dostoevsky’s heroes live is a world of “the lost and perishing”, to arouse in schoolchildren a feeling of compassion for the “humiliated and insulted”; reveal the reasons for the emergence of Raskolnikov’s theory, its social and philosophical origins; show what power a theory can have over a person and what danger the hero is exposed to when trying to implement it.
Progress of lessons
I. Conversation about the heroes of the novel “Crime and Punishment.”
Questions:
1. Who is Rodion Raskolnikov? What does his last name mean? How does it help to understand the character of the main character?
2. Find in the text an expressive description of Raskolnikov’s appearance. Where does Dostoevsky's hero live? For what purpose does the author describe Raskolnikov’s home in such detail?
3. Highlight the defining character traits of the main character. What is the difference between Raskolnikov and previous heroes of Russian literature?
Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov– former student of the St. Petersburg Faculty of Law. Researchers of Dostoevsky's work drew attention to the duality of interpretation of the hero's surname. One comes from the word split, which means "bifurcation", the other is related to the word schismaticism, that is, it is an obsession with one thought, an idea. The hero’s surname indicates a deep split occurring in the soul of the former poor student Raskolnikov, “characterized by an ardent love for people, a desire to help all those suffering... and completely wild fanaticism in defending his anti-human idea. In Raskolnikov, the mind constantly fights with feeling, in his suits my soul a split between a humane, noble goal (saving humanity) and immoral means (killing a “trembling creature”) - as N. S. Prokurova writes.
Dostoevsky paints a memorable portrait of his hero. Raskolnikov “was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark brown hair, above average height, thin and slender... He was so poorly dressed that another, even an ordinary person, would be ashamed to go out into the street in such rags during the day... Hat ... she was tall, round, Zimmerman, but already all worn out, completely red, all in holes and stains ... "
The author describes Raskolnikov’s home in detail: “His closet was located under the very roof of a tall five-story building and looked more like a closet than an apartment... It was a tiny cell, six steps long, which had the most pitiful appearance with its yellow, dusty and everywhere lagging behind the wall wallpaper... The furniture matched the room: there were three old chairs, not quite in good working order, a tiny table in the corner... a clumsy old sofa... once upholstered in chintz, but now all in rags..."
But Dostoevsky does not just describe his hero’s closet, he is, according to N. S. Prokurova, “a great master of the “spiritualization of matter,” which acts as a reflection in him inner world hero, his worldview." "The natural and material world Not Dostoevsky has an independent existence; he is completely humanized and spiritualized. The situation is always shown in the refraction of consciousness, as its function. The room where a person lives is the landscape of his soul." (K.V. Mochulsky).
Dostoevsky's hero - Raskolnikov - is complex, contradictory; in it, according to his friend Razumikhin, “two opposing characters alternately alternate.” Generous, kind, acutely sensitive to the pain of others, Rodion Raskolnikov is at the same time gloomy, suspicious, excessively proud, arrogant.
4. What is the fate of Marmeladov and his family?
5. Is Marmeladov worthy of compassion? Why does he die?
6. How is Katerina Ivanovna characterized in Marmeladov’s confession? What is main feature her character? (Pride.)
7. Do Katerina Ivanovna and Raskolnikov have anything in common? (In appearance, state of mind, in a similarity of theories: one person can be sacrificed to save several small children.)
8. What are Sonya’s main character traits? (Humility, meekness, kindness.)
The life of the Marmeladov family is a chain of hopeless situations. Catastrophe is approaching inexorably. Every attempt to avoid it only aggravates the situation and brings inevitable death closer. Raskolnikov feels infinitely sorry for Marmeladov, his sick wife and hungry children. He is shocked by the fate of Sonechka Marmeladova. It’s scary when “there’s nowhere else to go.” There is only one way out of such a dead end in life - death.
9. What feelings and thoughts are born in the soul of Rodion Raskolnikov when he receives a letter from home? (The hero understands that the fate of his mother and sister is as dramatic as the fate of the Marmeladovs. The feeling of hopelessness drives Raskolnikov to despair.)
II. Conversation with students on the topic “Raskolnikov’s Crime.”
The author scrupulously traces how the thought of killing the old pawnbroker develops in Raskolnikov’s soul. Dostoevsky notices “the slightest movements of his soul, all the shades of its states... Thought grows stronger, gains strength, moves along the ascending line of its development, preparing for implementation.”
Questions :
1. What are the true reasons for Rodion Raskolnikov’s crime? Which one can be considered the main one? (V. Ya. Kirpotin: “The motives for Raskolnikov’s crime are complex and multi-layered. First of all, this is poverty... Secondly, Raskolnikov wants to decide for himself the question: who is he - a trembling creature or Napoleon? And finally, thirdly, Raskolnikov wants to solve the problem of whether it is possible, by breaking the laws of a society hostile to man, to achieve happiness... In an effort to artistically prove his concept, Dostoevsky puts forward the threefold nature of the motivation for Raskolnikov’s crime.”)
2. Trace the path of Dostoevsky’s hero to crime. A condensed retelling of the scene of the murder of the pawnbroker and the humble Lizaveta. (Part I, ch. 6–7.)
You can make notes in notebooks.
Raskolnikov’s path to crime: a) mental anguish and the search for a way out of a dead-end situation; b) immense pride and confidence in one’s exclusivity; c) conversation between a student and an officer in a tavern; d) the theory of “two categories”; e) accidents that prompt murder (the terrible life story of the Marmeladovs, a letter from their mother, a disgraced girl on the boulevard, an overheard conversation between the townspeople and Lizaveta); f) the hero’s thought is to decide on at least something; g) Raskolnikov commits a crime, allows himself to “bleed according to his conscience.” He kills the pawnbroker and Lizaveta.
3. Remember Raskolnikov’s article “On Crime”. What is the essence of Raskolnikov’s theory of “two categories”? What group of people does the hero himself belong to? (Nursing his idea, Raskolnikov finds justification in historical examples, the need to save loved ones; do good with the pawnbroker's money.
He reveals his soul to Sonya: “I didn’t kill to help my mother - nonsense! I did not kill so that, having received funds and power, I could become a benefactor of humanity. Nonsense! I just killed... I needed to find out then and quickly find out whether I was a louse like everyone else, or a human being?.. Am I a trembling creature or do I have the right.”
Raskolnikov is convinced that people by their nature “are divided into two categories: “ordinary,” that is, those who live “in obedience,” meekly accepting any order of things, and “extraordinary,” that is, those who have “the gift or talent to say ... a new word.” These are strong people, Napoleons. All of them “break the law,” have the right to commit a crime, and can allow themselves to “bleed according to their conscience.”
Raskolnikov is completely “immersed” in his idea. His mind is affected by the spirit of “Napoleonism.” And someone invisible, unknown leads him to the fatal line.)
4. Why does Raskolnikov commit two murders? (A person who has committed a crime once is capable of repeating it.)
5. What did Raskolnikov underestimate in himself? Why is he tormented and suffering after the crime? (He is tormented by his conscience. His crime also turns into spiritual suicide. “Did I kill the old woman? I killed myself, not the old woman!”
The crime committed by Raskolnikov is the ultimate test of an idea. He thought of killing and remaining calm. But human nature is complex, and, in the words of V. G. Belinsky, it is a “labyrinth of the unknown.” Raskolnikov crossed the line, but “he remained on this side.” The consciousness of his insignificance comes to him, that he, like everyone else, is a louse, a “trembling creature.”)
Homework(by groups).
Part IV, chapters 1–2
2. Messages about " powerful of the world this" or reports.
Sample topics:
1) Luzhin is a scoundrel “by conviction”, a little “Napoleon”.
2) What is the meaning of the comparison between Luzhin and Raskolnikov?
3) Svidrigailov and his life position of permissiveness.
4) What is the reason for Svidrigailov’s suicide?
5) Why does Dostoevsky pit Raskolnikov against Luzhin and Svidrigailov?
3. Vocabulary work. Explain the meaning of the words: humanism, harmonic, psychologism, individualism, remark, Bonapartism, apartment building.
