Download the presentation fathers and sons of Turgenev. I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”

Roman I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” Bazarov and Kirsanovs “The connection of times has broken down...”

• Literature lesson in 10th grade
• Teacher, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School 17 Tyrma
• Kulygina E.G.

• continue observing the text of the novel,
• find out the reason for mutual rejection of P.P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov,
• determine the author’s attitude towards his characters,
• note the means of creating images used by I.S. Turgenev;
• work on developing the ability to analyze and compare.

• The novel “Fathers and Sons” was completed by the author in July 1861 and published in 1862. , the action takes place in May-August 1859. Why are these years important? Why is the author so precise in dates?
• What is the significance of the novel's title?

• What was the internal political situation in Russia? What were they arguing about in advanced circles?
• How does the novel relate to this?

• Have you noticed where the action takes place?
• Yes. In the Russian province, outback, on an estate whose name, Maryino, was invented by the author.
• Why do you think the action does not take place in the capital? not in a provincial town?

• In the second half of the 19th century, “time split,” separating the liberal nobles and the “new” people of Russia on opposite sides of the historical barrier.
• common democrats,
• "fathers" and "children".

• “...Transformations are necessary...”
• Who “uttered” (thought) these words?
• Why him?
• What gave him this idea?
• Let’s read an excerpt from the novel with the words “The places they passed through...” Let’s analyze..

• Bazarov is in no hurry to greet Father Arkady,
• emphasizes its simple origins,
• abruptly interrupts Nikolai Petrovich when he quotes lines from “Eugene Onegin”
• There is a noticeable feeling of Arkady’s internal superiority over his father.
• Nikolai Petrovich does not understand his son, notices dramatic changes in him, cannot “establish” a conversation, is embarrassed, timid, silent

• Turgenev masterfully uses the “talking detail” technique.
• Tell us about this using an example from the first chapters of the novel.

• What character traits of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov are manifested in his words and behavior?
• What is most important in his life?
• What dictated such goodwill when meeting Bazarov?

• How do Arkady Kirsanov and Bazarov relate to each other?
• What connects them?
• Do you agree with the statement that in friendship one rules, the other obeys?
• Is this noticeable in this case?

• In Chapter V we again have two central figures
• Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov
• and Bazarov.
• Find their description

• In different illustrations and in different films, P.P. Kirsanov appears like this. Is it similar to yours?

• Through what details do we understand that they have a harsher attitude?
• Analyze the episode of their first meeting

• What question did Kirsanov the Great ask about Bazarov? What is hidden in this question?
• The question sounded like this: “ What's happened?"
• And further: “is this hairy one?”

• How did Kirsanov P.P. react? to the fact that Bazarov is a nihilist?
• What does this mean in his concept?

• Who, why and why is telling the life story of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov?
• What do we learn about fate?
• Tell this story in your own words...
• What conclusion did Bazarov make from this story? Do you agree with him?

• Between whom will the main conflict unfold? Why?
• They are the most irreconcilable representatives of their generation
• What kind of relationship developed between P.P. Kirsanov from the first minutes? and Bazarov?
• Disliked

• re-read chapters VI, X,
• make a comparative description of the heroes:
• views of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich,
• their attitude to art, love, the Russian people, nature, aristocracy and liberalism and other things that the heroes will argue about.
• Those interested can add material to our presentation

• http://www.kostyor.ru/biography/?n=57 - biography of Turgenev I.S. , portrait of a writer
• http://www.2do2go.ru/uploads/full/a6fc62ea59ed9b7a3a6010d8737b8db5_w960_h2048.png
• http://hcenter-irk.info/sites/default/files/000000.jpg - portrait of I.S. Turgenev
• http://www.2do2go.ru/msk/events/5043/film-otcy-i-deti
• http://static.kinokopilka.tv/system/images/screenshots/images/000/066/064/66064_original.jpg
• http://show.afisha.ru/show/4358-otci-deti - Arkady Kirsanov and A.S. Odintsova at the governor’s ball (film “Fathers and Sons”, 2003)
• http://fenixclub.com/index.php?showtopic=62313 (Film "Fathers and Sons" 1958)
• http://fenixclub.com/uploads/707/img-38691-59d941e149.jpg - portrait of Bazarov (Film “Fathers and Sons”, 1958)
• http://img1.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/10/110/485/110485479_408299.jpg - portrait of A.S. Odintsova (film "Fathers and Sons" 1958)
• http://images.16x9.tv/products/product_thumb_823.jpg - meeting of Kirsanov N.P. and Bazarov
• http://www.kinodisk.com/shots/7654_02.jpg - the Kirsanov brothers on the veranda (film “Fathers and Sons”, 2003)
• http://icdn.lenta.ru/images/2013/12/20/20/20131220204438120/pic_c6bad8f1d593a362212a554a4fa792c7.jpg - Bazarov’s declaration of love (Film “Fathers and Sons” 1958)
• http://s1.stc.all.kpcdn.net/f/3/image/85/06/1400685.jpg - Arkady Kirsanov Film “Fathers and Sons” 1983)
• http://img15.nnm.me/1/c/f/2/2/1cf226dff82483d526ab8f11dbdb3338_full.jpg - illustration for the novel, episode - parents at the grave of A. Bazarov
• http://www.a4format.ru/book-titles.php?lt=210&author=62&dtls_books=1&title=159&submenu=5 Illustrations by Russian artists based on the novel -

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Novel "Fathers and Sons"

Written in 1862.

There are 3 stages of writing:

1860-1861 - creation of the main text

1862 “plowing up the novel”, introducing numerous amendments

History on the pages of a novel.

• Alexander II is in power.
• The flourishing of education and culture.
• The serf system hinders the development of the country.
• The capitalist system is developing in Russia
• Commoners enter the arena of political struggle.

• Straight

• Portable
• Opposing-

Change of generations, fathers transform their experience, children accept the inheritance and rethink it

the conflict between two forces, the social conflict of liberal nobles and commoners

The composition of the novel is circular

Nikolskoye

village

Bazarovs

• N.P.Kirsanov
• P.P.Kirsanov
• Bazarov's parents

• Odintsova

• "CHILDREN"

• E.V.Bazarov
• Essentially “fathers”, but imitating “children”:
• Arkady
• Sitnikov
• Kukshina

Ideological disputes between “fathers” and “sons”. On the attitude towards the nobility, aristocracy and its principles

• Pavel Petrovich
• Aristocracy is the main social force
• The aristocracy gave freedom to England
• A. has a highly developed self-esteem and sense of self

• Bazarov
• Aristocrats are of no use to anyone; they sit with folded hands
• Arguments of P.P. about the freedom of England are very doubtful.
• Aristocrats care only about themselves, live at the expense of others

dignity

About attitude towards the people

• Pavel Petrovich
• The Russian people are patriarchal and cannot live without religion.

• He is touched by the backwardness of the people.
• Uses a lot of foreign words.

*Darkness and ignorance

the cruelty of the people evokes in him

* He is proud that he is one of the people.

*Bazarov’s language is simple, he uses many proverbs.

About views on art, love, nature.

• Pavel Petrovich
• Recognizes old art
• Has a negative attitude towards new artists.
• He himself is a victim of fatal love.

• Bazarov
• Denies love and art.
• Doesn't know Pushkin
• But he denies it.
• He does not deny nature, but sees it as a consequence of human activity.

Principles of activity of nihilists

• Nihilists act from the principle of usefulness to society.
• They deny the social system and religion.
• They don’t believe in reforms (including the reform of 1861)
• They do not consider it necessary to build on what has been destroyed.
• They do not have a program for further action.

• Accordingly

are there any views?

Bazarova nigi-

static air

rhenia or

Turgenev's mistake -

Xia, counting

Bazarov to nigi-lists?

1. Nihilism-denial

generally accepted values:

ideals, moral standards,

forms of public

life. (B.E. Dictionary)

2. Nihilism - "ugly"

and immoral teaching,

rejecting everything

cannot be touched.” (V.I. Dal)

3. Nihilism is naked denial

of all, logically not justified-

ny skepticism. (Explanatory

Russian language dictionary)

Nihilism is a rigid belief

And unyielding, based on

denial of everything that preceded

Experience of human thought, on

destruction of traditions and state

military institutions. Philosophy

nihilism cannot be positive

tive, because it rejects everything,

without offering anything in return...

This happens all the time

at turning points. Usually,

This is typical of young people and quickly

passes. (Britannica)

• Nihilism is a belief that is rigid and unyielding, based on the denial of all previous Experience of human thought, on the destruction of traditions and state institutions. The philosophy of nihilism cannot be positive, since it rejects everything without offering anything in return... This happens at all times, at turning points. As a rule, this is typical for young people and passes quickly. (Britannica)

Do Bazarov's views correspond to the principles of nihilism?

• Scientific and philosophical views:

1. “There are sciences, just as there are crafts, knowledge, but science does not exist at all... Studying individual personalities is not worth the effort. All people are similar to each other, both in body and soul; each of us has a brain, spleens, lungs are built the same way;

and the so-called moral qualities are the same in everyone; small species

Negation means nothing. One thing is enough -

th copy to judge everyone.

2.“...we are now above medicine in general

We laugh and don’t bow down to anyone.”

3.”…I stick to the negative

directions due to sensation. I have

It’s easy to deny - my brain works that way - and

That's it! Why do I like chemistry?

Why do you love apples? - also due to

Feel. It's all one. Deeper than this

People will never get in.

• “The only good thing about a Russian person is

that he has a very bad opinion of himself.”

• “Aristocracy, liberalism, progress, just think,

so many foreign and useless words! Russian people don’t even need them for nothing.

• “We saw that our wise men, the so-called progressive people and accusers, are no good, that we are busy with nonsense and trifles, talking about some kind of art, creativity, about parliamentarism, about the legal profession and God knows what, when the matter goes about our daily bread, when the grossest superstition is strangling us...

Bazarov's aesthetic views

• “A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.”
• “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and

the person in it is a worker.”

• “Raphael is not worth a penny.”
• “I only look at the sky when I want to sneeze.”
• “I find that speaking beautifully is indecent.

“The other day, I see he’s reading Pushkin...

• Please explain to him that this is no good... Give him something useful to read.”

Public lesson.

I.S. Turgenev. Novel "Fathers and Sons".

Purpose: To remind students of the writer’s position in the literary and social struggle during the period of work on the novel; to emphasize the peculiarities of Turgenev’s talent to “catch” modernity, to respond to everything new that was just emerging in Russian life; talk about the history of writing the novel, find out the meaning of the title, exchange initial impressions of the work you read; using the material of the novel “Fathers and Sons” to characterize the era of the 60s of the 19th century. Trace how the era is reflected in the novel; reveal the ideological and artistic originality of the novel; develop skills in working with text.

The lesson is accompanied by a presentation + Individual messages.

1. The history of the novel

2. Prototypes.

3. C poem by Dmitry Minaev

I.S. Turgenev. Novel "Fathers and Sons".

Purpose: To remind students of the writer’s position in the literary and social struggle during the period of work on the novel; to emphasize the peculiarities of Turgenev’s talent to “catch” modernity, to respond to everything new that was just emerging in Russian life; talk about the history of writing the novel, find out the meaning of the title, exchange initial impressions of the work you read; using the material of the novel “Fathers and Sons” to characterize the era of the 60s of the 19th century. Trace how the era is reflected in the novel; reveal the ideological and artistic originality of the novel; develop skills in working with text.

Equipment: presentation.

During the classes.

1. Organizational moment. Greetings. Subject message.

Presentation for an open lesson on Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons"

(I.S. Turgenev - portrait)

Slide 2 - Purpose of the lesson

2. Introductory speech by the teacher.

Slide 3. - (Roman I.S. Turgenev
"Fathers and Sons")

“The novel arose in an era when all civil, social, family and human relationships in general became infinitely complex and dramatic; life has spread in depth and breadth in an infinite variety of elements,” Belinsky wrote.

I. S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" was published in 1862. It immediately attracted the attention of wide public circles in Russia and since then continues to arouse the undoubted interest of readers due to the severity of the questions posed in it, as well as its artistic merits

Turgenev, a great artist, managed to raise deep political and philosophical problems in this work. to capture real life conflicts, to reveal the essence of the ideological struggle between the main social forces in Russia in the late 50s - early 60s of the 19th century.

A.V. Lunacharsky in the article “Literature of the 60s” wrote about the novel “Fathers and Sons” as “one of the central phenomena in all Russian life” of that time.

“In none of Turgenev’s previous novels did the open, direct clash of opposing points of view on all the most basic, pressing issues of social life, philosophy, science, politics, social outlook in the broadest sense of the word play such an important, determining role as in” Fathers and Children" (History of the Russian novel: In 2 volumes - M.; Leningrad, 1962.)

At that time, the most pressing issue was the abolition of serfdom. During the reform of 1861, the opposing positions of the liberal nobles and the revolutionary democrats of commoners clearly emerged. The revolutionary democrats Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov considered the upcoming reform to be feudal in nature. Resorting to Aesopian language, they wrote about the revolutionary situation in Russia and called on the Russian people to take “decisive action.” Liberals, on the contrary, had high hopes for the reform, considering it an effective and almost the only means of resolving the peasant question. Turgenev looked at reform in a similar way.

According to his convictions, he was a supporter of the gradual transformation of Russia. An opponent of any social explosions, he did not believe in the prospects of the ideas of revolutionary democracy. But everyday life observations convinced him that the Democrats are a great force that has manifested itself in many areas of public activity. And as an artist who responded to all the major events of his contemporary era, Turgenev felt the need to create the image of a new hero, capable of replacing the passivity of noble intellectuals like Rudin and Lavretsky, whose time had passed. The writer placed such a new hero - a man of democratic convictions, a materialist and natural scientist - at the center of the novel "Fathers and Sons" and sought to depict his essential features with the utmost objectivity.

Slide 4 and 5, 6

The teacher reads information from slide 7

“I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, evil, honest - and yet doomed to destruction because it still stands on the threshold of the future - I dreamed of some strange pendant Pugachev."

and from slide 8 Novel “Fathers and Sons”

Having gone at the end of July 1860 to the town of Ventnor on the English Isle of Wight for sea swimming, Turgenev was already thinking about the plan for a new novel. It was here, on the Isle of Wight, that the “Formular list of characters in the new story” was compiled, where, under the heading “Evgeny Bazarov”, Turgenev sketched a preliminary portrait of the main character:

and from slide 9

Evgeny Bazarov

"Nihilist. Self-confident, speaks abruptly and little, hard-working (a mixture of Dobrolyubov, Pavlov and Preobrazhensky.) Lives small; He doesn’t want to be a doctor, he’s waiting for an opportunity. He knows how to talk to people, although in his heart he despises them. He does not have and does not recognize an artistic element... He knows quite a lot - he is energetic, and can be liked by his freedom. In essence, the most barren subject is the antipode of Rudin - for without any enthusiasm and faith... An independent soul and a proud man of the first hand."

III. Checking homework. Individual messages.

1. The history of the creation of the novel - Sergeyuk Liza

2. Prototypes. - Bekeshova A, Kalkatin L, Yesenova G. - Show slides from 10 to 19.

“And if he is called a nihilist, then it should be read: revolutionary,” Turgenev wrote about his hero. The novel was written at a time when the struggle between different views and movements intensified in Russia. Turgenev, showing the confrontation between liberals and revolutionary democrats, could not take either side. In the novel they do not have a clear author's relationship. But Bazarov received more attention. This is something new that tries itself.

V. Novel "Fathers and Sons". The meaning of the name. Slide 21

Teacher: You got acquainted with the first chapters of the novel “Fathers and Sons.” Why do you think the novel has this name? (discussion)

Teacher: Slide 22

• The novel by I.S. Turgenev reflected the real events that took place in Russian society in the late 50s and early 60s of the 19th century: the ideological struggle of liberal nobles and revolutionary commoner democrats on the eve of the peasant reform.
• At the same time, as the critic N.N. Strakhov rightly writes, I.S. Turgenev in his novel “had the proud goal of indicating the eternal in the temporal.” The conflict between “fathers” and “children” here has not only a historical, but also a universal basis: we are talking about the problems of relationships between children and parents in the family.

Slide 23 - poem by Dmitry Minaev

Fathers and Sons? (Parallel)

For many years without fatigue

Two generations are waging war,

Bloody war;

And these days in any newspaper

"Fathers" and "Children" enter the battle,

These and those smash each other,

As before, in the old days.

We carried out as best we could

Two generations parallel

Through the darkness and through the fog.

But the steam of fog scattered:

Only from Turgenev Ivan

Waiting for a new novel -

Our dispute was decided by the novel.

And we exclaimed in enthusiasm:

"Who can stand in an unequal dispute?"

Which of the two?

Who has won? who has the best rules?

Who forced himself to respect:

Bazarov, Pavel Kirsanov,

Caressing our ears?

Take a closer look at his face:

What tenderness and fineness of the skin!

A hand as white as snow.

In speeches, in receptions - tact and measure,

The greatness of the London "sir" -

After all, without perfume, without a toiletry case

And life is hard for him.

And what kind of morality! Oh Gods!

He is in front of Fenichka, in anxiety,

Like a high school student, he trembles;

Standing up for a man in a dispute,

Sometimes, in front of the whole office, he

Showing off with my brother in conversation,

"Du calme, du calme!" - he insists.

(*Calm, calm! (French) - Ed.)

Nurturing your body,

He does things without doing anything,

Captivating old ladies;

Sits in the bath, goes to bed,

Fears a new race,

Like a lion on the Brulevskaya terrace

Walking in the morning.

Here is a representative of the old press.

Will you compare Bazarov with him?

Hardly, gentlemen!

The hero can be seen by signs,

And in this gloomy nihilist,

With his medicines, with his lancet,

There is no trace of heroism.

He only sees forms in beauty,

Ready to fall asleep at the sound of "Norma"

He denies and...

He eats and drinks like the rest of us,

He talks to Peter in the hallway,

And even with the maid, oh my God!

Ready to go play.

Like the most exemplary cynic,

He is madame de Odintsova

He pressed it to his chest,

And even - what audacity -

Hospitality rights without knowing

One day, hugging Fenya,

Kissed me in the garden.

Who is dearer to us: old man Kirsanov,

Lover of fez and hookahs,

Russian Togenburg?

Or he, a friend of the mob and the bazaars,

Reborn Insarov -

Bazarov cutting frogs,

A slob and a surgeon?

The answer is ready: it’s not for nothing that we

We have a weakness for Russian bars -

Bring them crowns!

And we, deciding everything in the world,

These issues have been resolved...

Who is dearer to us - fathers or children?

Fathers! fathers! fathers!

V. The era in the novel "Fathers and Sons"

Slide 24

Teacher's word:

When we begin work on a work, we try to comprehend the era contemporary with the author or his creation.

^ How important do you think such historical and cultural commentary is?

In the second half of the 19th century, rapid changes took place in the structure of society, new layers appeared (the proletariat, commoners), the Russian public was divided into several opposing camps, waging a continuous struggle with each other, constantly changing both the composition and the program of action. The concepts of conservatives, liberals and radicals, Slavophiles and Westerners appear. The ideas of socialism and nihilism excite the best minds and cause heated debate.

Literature becomes a “tribune” for preaching the social and political ideas of authors. And among this “ferment of minds” the voice of I.S. Turgenev is heard especially clearly.

Revolutionary-democratic criticism considered Turgenev’s “lively attitude towards modernity” to be a very valuable quality. Dobrolyubov emphasized that the modernity and relevance of Turgenev’s novels is amazing. If he has already touched on a problem, then this is a sure sign that it will soon become important to everyone.

Pisarev in the article “Bazarov” noted: “Through the fabric of the story one can see the author’s personal, deeply felt attitude towards the identified phenomena of life. And these phenomena are very close to us, so close that all of our young generation, with their aspirations and ideas, can recognize themselves in the characters in this novel.”

The ability to capture the movement of life, to show something new and developing. This quality of Turgenev the artist also appears in the novel “Fathers and Sons,” written in 1861.

^ How is the novel connected with the era?

Before answering the question of our lesson today, let's once again turn to the political and social problems that took place in the writer's contemporary society?

What else do you know about this era?

– The time period of the novel is 1855-1861. - a difficult period for Russia. In 1855, the war that Russia lost with Turkey ended; this defeat was shameful for our country. The most important event in domestic politics also took place: a change of reign.

Nicholas I died, his death ended the era of repression, the era of suppression of public liberal thought.

During the reign of Alexander II, the education of various segments of the population flourished in Russia. The commoners become a real social force, while the aristocracy loses its leading role. Of course, the education that commoners received was fundamentally different from that of the nobility. Aristocratic youth studied “for themselves,” that is, it was education in the name of education itself.

The commoners had neither the money nor the time for such a luxury as broadening their horizons. They needed to get a profession that would feed them and bring real benefit to people.

This attitude determined the range of specialties that were predominantly chosen by commoners. These were mainly natural sciences; they completely denied the spiritual world.

At this time, capitalist relations also began to develop in Russia; their development was hampered by the rotten feudal system. The question of the peasant revolution was on the agenda. On this issue, a split occurred between the liberals, who stood for the reformist path, and the revolutionary democrats, who considered it ineffective.

– At the beginning of March 1861, the tsar’s manifesto of February 19 on the liberation of the peasants was published. Centuries of slavery were ended. The peasants finally received their long-awaited freedom. However, as the democratic revolutionaries expected, the reform was not carried out in the interests of the people. The land still remained in the hands of the landowners, and for those small plots that the peasants received, they were obliged to either pay quitrents or work off corvée. A wave of peasant unrest and riots swept across the country, which were suppressed by the government with incredible cruelty.

A revolutionary situation has developed in Russia. Revolutionary democrats began to prepare an uprising: the secret society “Land and Freedom” arose, the ideological inspirer of which was Chernyshevsky, proclamations were distributed calling for a decisive battle with the autocracy.

At first, Turgenev enthusiastically welcomed the liberation of the peasants. But by the end of 1861 his enthusiasm had cooled noticeably; he could not help but see that the reform had not solved the peasant question. True, he still hoped that “things would go well,” but more and more often notes of disappointment began to sound in his letters from this period. “We live in dark and difficult times,” he wrote in December 1861 to his friend N.P. Borisov, “we still won’t get out of it.”

Thus, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was written during the years of the revolutionary situation, when the serfdom system was bursting at the seams.

What main problems of the era have you identified for yourself?

Stratification of society into opposing factions.

The problem of serfdom.

The problem of changing priorities in education and the views of the new generation.

Today we will try to determine how these problems are reflected in the novel, i.e. How is I. S. Turgenev’s novel connected with the era? To do this, we will work on the material from chapters 1-4 of the novel. The work will take place in groups.

Group assignment:

Why does I.S. Turgenev give a clear dating of the events taking place?

What time of year coincides with the beginning of the novel?

How is this reflected in the theme in Chapter 1 of the novel?

Sample answer:

In the novel, Turgenev uses precise dating, wanting to evoke in the reader a specific idea of ​​the historical situation. The action in "Fathers and Sons" begins on May 20, 1859 and ends in the winter of 1860.

These were the years when the crisis of the serfdom system was revealed, when the struggle between the camps of revolutionary democrats and liberals intensified.

In this era, a new type of progressive figure is being formed - a democrat commoner, a man of action, not phrases.

It is no coincidence, in our opinion, that the season is spring. Nature is waiting for renewal, change, revival, and this theme is continued in the further development of events - the father is waiting for his son.

Write down your conclusions.

Slide 25

The view of the writer himself, who was able to correctly sense the emerging new type of hero, but did not take his side:

“Did I want to scold Bazarov or praise him?

I don’t know this myself, because I don’t know whether I love him or hate him!”

“My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class.”

"With the word I released „ “nihilist” was taken advantage of by many who were only waiting for an opportunity, a pretext to stop the movement that had taken hold of Russian society...”

VI. Ideological and artistic originality of the novel - Slide 26

• The composition of the novel “Fathers and Sons” is multicentric: the main character is in the center, and all the “formal” elements of the work are aimed at revealing his character.
• The conflict in the novel is two-dimensional: external and internal.
• Much attention is paid to speech characteristics.
• Landscape in literature.

Working with the text of the novel "Fathers and Sons"

What means of artistic expression help the writer create the image of a pre-reform village?

Sample answer:

Through the eyes of Bazarov’s friend Arkady Kirsanov, who returned from St. Petersburg to his father’s estate, we see a picture that makes our heart involuntarily clench: “The places they passed through could not be called picturesque...”

Let's see how the landscape is depicted in Chapter 2 of the novel.

We see “villages with low huts under dark, often half-swept roofs” (“villages”, “huts” - the very form of these words speaks of a meager, beggarly life). It can be assumed that hungry cattle have to be fed straw from the roofs. This comparison also says a lot: “like beggars in rags, the roadside willow trees stood with stripped bark and broken branches. Peasant cows, “emaciated, rough, as if gnawed, greedily nibbled the first grass. And here are the peasants themselves - “well-dressed on bad nags.” The peasants' economy is meager, miserable: "crooked threshing sheds", "empty threshing floors" ...

Turgenev will no longer depict the poverty of the people, but the picture of the pre-reform village presented in the exhibition makes such a strong impression that there is nothing to add to it.

What external changes in the relations between masters and peasants indicate the internal contradictions of the era?

A few meager details convey the changes that occurred in relation to the peasants and their masters.

The servants do not meet the old and young master (remember the scenes of farewell to the leaving Pyotr Grinev, Alexander Oduev, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts - everywhere there is a crowd of servants and serfs)

The servant, for whom everything: the turquoise earring in his ear and the pomaded multi-colored hair, and the polite movements, in a word, everything exposed a man of the newest, improved generation, looked condescendingly along the road and answered: “No way, no way.”

The conversation about the timber brought by Nikolai Petrovich is important; he needed money, but the land, alas, still had to go to the peasants.

It is no coincidence that the mention that some clerk from the bourgeoisie has to pay 250 rubles a year; the valet Peter is also free. The former faithful servants (Savelichs, Zakharovs) are now few.

The peasants hope for the reform and expect a lot from it. In the meantime, even on the estate of the good Nikolai Petrovich, the master’s crops are being poisoned by horses, and the barnyard is “inadvertently” set on fire.

And the central question of the era immediately arises: “No... this poor region, it does not amaze you with either contentment or hard work; it’s impossible, he can’t stay like this, transformations are necessary... but how to carry them out, how to start?...”

What is the significance of Arkady’s reflections on the life of the Russian village he saw (“No... this poor region, it does not amaze you with either contentment or hard work; it is impossible, it is impossible for him to stay like this, transformations are necessary... but how to carry them out, how to begin ...") to develop the main conflict of the novel?

How are the characters of the main characters already outlined in the exhibition? What details allow you to see this?

What relationships develop along the way between the characters?

The attitude to this issue, to the fundamental problems of Russian life in the 60s determines the ideological differences between Bazarov and the rest of the characters in the novel. And the disagreement between them appears on the very first pages, in the exposition.

We have already said that the commoners were not satisfied with the reformist solution to the issue. They wanted revolutionary changes, they wanted to bring real benefits to people.

Subtly noticed details allow the writer to reveal the most important things both in social views and in the soulful disposition of his heroes.

Nikolai Petrovich is waiting for his son, ready to sit for 5 hours, loving, attentive, but despite Arkady’s letter, he forgot that he was coming with a friend (there is no room in the stroller for Bazarov), so the verbs in the episode “departure of the stroller” convey both the social status of the characters and their condition. Father and son “fit” in the stroller, but Bazarov “jumped” into the tarantass and “buried” his head….

Arkady is clearly under the influence of Bazarov. He is cheeky, familiar, condescending in conversation with his father, feels secret superiority and enjoys the “consciousness of his own development and freedom.”

Bazarov interrupts Nikolai Petrovich's reading of Pushkin. He destroys the father’s lyrical mood, and forces his son to remember how to behave according to new concepts. He is deaf to beauty and brings alienation into the relationship between father and son.

Nikolai Petrovich “had something pricked in his heart”, a pang: how would the relationship with his son work out?

In the first chapters, the main conflict of the novel is already outlined, which will further develop.

VII. Lesson summary.

As you know, it is impossible to understand and evaluate the images of heroes without understanding and appreciating the situation in the country in which the characters’ views took shape and were shaped. And therefore Turgenev paints before the reader a wide panorama of contemporary Russia, conveying in detail the life, customs and descriptions of nature. In the exposition of the novel, the initial landscape depicting poverty, misery, predetermines the theme of the entire work, leads to the idea of ​​​​the need to change the order that gave rise to such desolation.

The novel “Fathers and Sons” is a sharply polemical work. In it, the writer reflected not only the eternal problem of “fathers and sons” and the most important issues of human existence associated with it, but also the collision of “the present century and the past century,” i.e. social conflict, the struggle not only of two generations, but also of representatives of two camps: liberals and revolutionary democrats.

Slide 27.

“... Having read “The Noble Nest” and “Fathers and Sons,” I stopped classifying Turgenev as an ordinary mortal; he became a kind of hero for me”; my imagination depicted him in various forms, but always surrounded by a halo, and I had to restrain myself if anyone in my presence said that he did not like his works... Turgenev managed to occupy one of those hidden corners in my heart, where people rarely penetrate strangers..."

Boyesen H. - American literary critic

VIII. Homework: Slide 28

• 1.Reading the novel “Fathers and Sons”
• 2. Prepare to analyze the images of the main characters: select material from the text of the novel.
• 3. Analysis of E. Bazarov’s behavior at a party. His relationship with Arkady and P.P. Kirsanov.
• Lesson grades.