Famous German organist of the 17th century 10 letters. German composers: James Last, Johann Sebastian Bach and others

Schumann Robert Alexander, German composer.
Born on June 8, 1810 in the city of Zwickau in the family of a book publisher. He started studying music at the age of seven.

In his work, the composer devoted great attention piano music. Most of piano works Schumann are cycles of small plays of the lyrical-dramatic, visual and “portrait” genres, interconnected by an internal plot and psychological line. Along with works of variation and sonata types, Schumann has piano cycles built on the principle of a suite or an album of plays: “Fantastic passages”, “Children’s scenes”, “Album for youth”.
"Album for Youth" op.68 was created by Robert Schumann in 1848. The history of its creation is closely connected with my father’s personal musical experience. In October, Schumann wrote to his friend Karl Reinecke: “I wrote my first plays for my birthday.” eldest daughter, and then the rest’’. Original title collection "Christmas Album". Besides sheet music the draft manuscript included instructions young musicians, in a brief aphoristic form, revealing Schumann’s artistic credo. He planned to place them between plays. This idea was not implemented. For the first time, aphorisms, the number of which increased from 31 to 68, were published in the New Musical Newspaper in a special supplement entitled “Home and life rules for musicians" and then reprinted in the appendix to the second edition. The success of the first edition of the “Album for Youth” was greatly facilitated by its title page, designed by the famous German artist, professor at the Dresden Academy of Arts Ludwig Richter. The artist's son, Heinrich Richter was Schumann's composition student in 1848-49. Schumann indicated the ten most important plays, in his opinion, for which, according to his explanations, the artist created vignettes for the cover of the publication. These plays are Vintage Time, The First Loss, The Merry Peasant, Round Dance, Spring Song, Song of the Reapers, Mignon, Knecht Ruprecht, Brave Rider and Winter Time. There was an opinion among teachers, contemporaries of the author, that the “Album” was illogically structured and the plays were too difficult for children to perform. Indeed, the pieces are not arranged in order of increasing difficulty and the amplitude of their complexity is extremely high, but let us remember that in the time of Schumann, in mid-19th century, there was no systematization yet educational materials. In addition, the author did not strive to follow the canons of modern pedagogical repertoire. During this period of time, it was natural for various schools to publish material for six to seven years of study. The significance of the Album for piano pedagogy is that R. Schumann was the creator of a completely new and deeply innovative piano style, which is probably why the pieces turned out to be much more difficult than the repertoire that teachers used at that time. An analogy arises with J.S. Bach, who also was ahead of his time, creating pieces for students much more difficult than the generally accepted level of learning. To appreciate the novelty of this music, it is enough to pay attention to the educational repertoire that teachers used at that time. These were not only popular piano schools the best teachers of that time, but also the works of numerous dropouts.

Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven- The greatest composer of the early 19th century. Requiem and Moonlight Sonata immediately recognizable to anyone. Immortal works The composer has always been and will be popular because of Beethoven's unique style.

- German composer of the 18th century. Without a doubt the founder modern music. His works were based on the versatility of the harmonies of various instruments. He created the rhythm of music, which is why his works lend themselves easily to modern instrumental processing.

- The most popular and understandable Austrian composer of the late 18th century. All his works are simple and ingenious. They are very melodic and pleasant. A little serenade, a thunderstorm and many other rock-arranged compositions will have a special place in your collection.

- Austrian composer of the late 18th, early 19th centuries. Truly classical composer. The violin had a special place for Haydn. She is a soloist in almost all of the composer’s works. Very beautiful and mesmerizing music.

- Italian composer of the first half of the 18th century No. 1. National temperament and new approach to the arrangement literally blew up Europe in the mid-18th century. The "Seasons" symphonies are business card composer.

- Polish composer 19th century. According to some information, he is the founder of the combined genre of concert and folk music. His polonaises and mazurkas blend seamlessly with orchestral music. The only drawback in the composer's work was considered to be too soft a style (lack of strong and fiery motives).

- German composer of the late 19th century. He was spoken of as the great romantic of his time, and his “German Requiem” eclipsed other works of his contemporaries in its popularity. The style in Brahms's music is qualitatively different from the styles of other classics.

- Austrian composer of the early 19th century. One of the greatest composers unrecognized during his lifetime. Very early death at 31, she did not allow Schubert to fully develop his potential. The songs he wrote were the main source of income when greatest symphonies gathering dust on the shelves. It was only after the composer's death that the works were highly appreciated by critics.

- Austrian composer of the late 19th century. The founder of waltzes and marches. We say Strauss - we mean waltz, we say waltz - we mean Strauss. Johann Jr. grew up in the family of his father, a composer. Strauss the elder treated his son's works with disdain. He believed that his son was doing nonsense and therefore humiliated him in every possible way in the world. But Johann the Younger stubbornly continued to do what he loved, and the revolution and the march written by Strauss in its honor proved his son’s genius in the eyes of European high society.

- One of the greatest composers of the 19th century. Master of Opera. Verdi's Aida and Othello are extremely popular today thanks to the true talent of the Italian composer. The tragic loss of his family at the age of 27 crippled the composer, but he did not give up and delved into creativity, writing several operas at once. short term. High society Verdi's talent was highly appreciated and his operas were staged in the most prestigious theaters in Europe.

- Even at the age of 18, this talented Italian composer wrote several operas that became very popular. The crowning achievement of his creation was the revised play " Barber of Seville"After presenting it to the public, Gioachino was literally carried in his arms. The success was intoxicating. After this, Rossini became a welcome guest in high society and acquired a solid reputation.

- German composer of the early 18th century. One of the founders of opera and instrumental music. In addition to writing operas, Handel also wrote music for “the people,” which was very popular in those days. Hundreds of songs and dance tunes the composer's songs thundered in the streets and squares in those distant times.

- Polish prince and the composer is self-taught. Having no music education became a famous composer. His famous polonaise is known all over the world. During the composer’s time, a revolution was taking place in Poland, and the marches he wrote became the anthems of the rebels.

- Jewish composer born in Germany. His wedding march and "A Midsummer Night's Dream" have been popular for hundreds of years. The symphonies and compositions he wrote are successfully received all over the world.

- German composer of the 19th century. His mystically anti-Semitic idea of ​​the superiority of the Aryan race over other races was adopted by the fascists. Wagner's music is very different from the music of his predecessors. It is aimed primarily at connecting man and nature with an admixture of mysticism. His famous operas"The Rings of the Nibelungs" and "Tristan and Isolde" confirm the revolutionary spirit of the composer.

- French composer mid-19th century. Creator of "Carmen". From birth he was a child of genius and at the age of 10 he already entered the conservatory. Behind short life(died before he was 37) wrote dozens of operas and operettas, various orchestral works and one-symphonies.

- Norwegian composer- lyricist. His works are simply full of melody. During his life he wrote a large number of songs, romances, suites and etudes. His composition "Cave" mountain king" is very often used in cinema and modern stage.

- American composer of the early 20th century - author of “Rhapsody in Blue,” which is especially popular to this day. At 26, he was already Broadway's first composer. Gershwin's popularity quickly spread throughout America, thanks to numerous songs and popular shows.

- Russian composer. His opera "Boris Godunov" is the hallmark of many theaters around the world. The composer in his works relied on folklore, counting folk music- music of the soul. "Night on Bald Mountain" by Modest Petrovich is one of the ten most popular symphonic sketches in the world.

The most popular and greatest composer of Russia is of course. " Swan Lake" and "Sleeping Beauty", "Slavic March" and "Nutcracker", "Eugene Onegin" and " Queen of Spades". These and many more masterpieces musical art were created by our Russian composer. Tchaikovsky is the pride of Russia. All over the world they know “Balalaika”, “Matryoshka”, “Tchaikovsky”...

- Soviet composer. Stalin's favorite. Mikhail Zadornov strongly recommended listening to the opera “The Tale of a Real Man.” But mostly Sergei Sergeich has serious and deep work. "War and Peace", "Cinderella", "Romeo and Juliet", a lot of brilliant symphonies and works for orchestra.

- Russian composer who created his own inimitable style in music. He was a deeply religious man and special place His work was devoted to writing religious music. Rachmaninov also wrote a lot of concert music and several symphonies. His last work, “Symphonic Dances,” is recognized as the composer’s greatest work.

Here is a list of 10 composers you should know. Of each of them it can be said with certainty that he is the greatest composer who ever lived, although in fact it is impossible, and indeed impossible, to compare music written over several centuries. However, all of these composers stand out among their contemporaries as composers who composed music the highest level and strived to push the boundaries classical music to new limits. The list does not contain any order, such as importance or personal preference. Just 10 great composers you should know.

Each composer is accompanied by a quotable fact of his life, remembering which you will look like an expert. And by clicking on the link to the last name, you will recognize him full biography. And of course, you can listen to one of the significant works of each master.

The most important figure in world classical music. One of the most performed and respected composers in the world. He created in all genres that existed in his time, including opera, ballet, music for dramatic performances, choral works. The most significant in his legacy are considered to be instrumental works: piano, violin and cello sonatas, concertos for piano, for violin, quartets, overtures, symphonies. The founder of the romantic period in classical music.

Interesting fact.

Beethoven first wanted to dedicate his third symphony (1804) to Napoleon; the composer was captivated by the personality of this man, who seemed to many at the beginning of his reign a real hero. But when Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, Beethoven crossed out his dedication to title page and wrote only one word - “Heroic”.

"Moonlight Sonata" by L. Beethoven, listen:

2. (1685-1750)

German composer and organist, representative of the Baroque era. One of the greatest composers in the history of music. During his life, Bach wrote more than 1000 works. His work represents everything significant genres of that time, except opera; he summarized the achievements of musical art of the Baroque period. The founder of the most famous musical dynasty.

Interesting fact.

During his lifetime, Bach was so underrated that less than a dozen of his works were published.

Toccata and Fugue in D minor by J. S. Bach, listen:

3. (1756-1791)

Great Austrian composer, instrumentalist and conductor, representative of the Vienna classical school, virtuoso violinist, harpsichordist, organist, conductor, he had a phenomenal musical ear, memory and ability to improvise. As a composer who excelled in any genre, he is rightfully considered one of the greatest composers in the history of classical music.

Interesting fact.

While still a child, Mozart memorized and recorded the Miserere (cat. chant on the text of the 50th Psalm of David) by the Italian Gregorio Allegri, having listened to it only once.

"Little Night Serenade" by W.A. Mozart, listen:

4. (1813-1883)

German composer, conductor, playwright, philosopher. Had a significant impact on European culture turn of XIX-XX centuries, especially modernism. Wagner's operas are stunning in their grandiose scale and eternal human values.

Interesting fact.

Wagner took part in the failed revolution of 1848-1849 in Germany and was forced to hide from arrest by Franz Liszt.

"Ride of the Valkyries" from R. Wagner's opera "Walkyrie", listen

5. (1840-1893)

Italian composer, central figure Italian opera school. Verdi had a sense of the stage, temperament and impeccable skill. He did not deny operatic traditions (unlike Wagner), but on the contrary developed them (the traditions of Italian opera), he transformed Italian opera, filled it with realism, and gave it the unity of the whole.

Interesting fact.

Verdi was an Italian nationalist and was elected to the first Italian parliament in 1860, following the declaration of Italian independence from Austria.

Overture to D. Verdi's opera "La Traviata", listen:

7. Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky (1882-1971)

Russian (American - after emigration) composer, conductor, pianist. One of the most significant composers of the twentieth century. Stravinsky's work is consistent throughout his entire career, although in different periods The style of his works was different, but the core and Russian roots remained, which were evident in all his works; he is considered one of the leading innovators of the twentieth century. His innovative use rhythm and harmony have inspired and continue to inspire many musicians, and not only in classical music.

Interesting fact.

During World War I, Roman customs officers confiscated Pablo Picasso's portrait of Stravinsky as the composer was leaving Italy. The portrait was painted in a futuristic manner and customs officers mistook these circles and lines for some kind of encrypted secret materials.

Suite from the ballet by I.F. Stravinsky " Firebird", listen:

8. Johann Strauss (1825-1899)

Austrian composer of light music, conductor and violinist. "King of Waltzes", he worked in the genre dance music and operettas. His musical heritage includes more than 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles and other types of dance music, as well as several operettas and ballets. Thanks to him, the waltz became extremely popular in Vienna in the 19th century.

Interesting fact.

Johann Strauss's father is also Johann and also famous musician, which is why the “Waltz King” is called the youngest or son; his brothers Joseph and Eduard were also famous composers.

Waltz by J. Strauss "On the Beautiful Blue Danube", listen:

9. Sergei Vasilyevich Rahmaninov (1873-1943)

Austrian composer, one of the outstanding representatives of Viennese classical music school and one of the founders of romanticism in music. For my short life Schubert made significant contributions to orchestral, chamber and piano music that influenced an entire generation of composers. However, his most striking contribution was to the development of German romances, of which he created more than 600.

Interesting fact.

Schubert's friends and fellow musicians would get together and perform Schubert's music. These meetings were called "Schubertiads". Some first fan club!

"Ave Maria" by F.P.Schubert, listen:

Continuing the theme of great composers you should know, new material.

The world's greatest composers of all time: lists in chronological and alphabetical order, reference books and works

100 Great Composers of the World

List of composers in chronological order

1. Josquin Despres (1450 –1521)
2. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525 –1594)
3. Claudio Monteverdi (1567 –1643)
4. Heinrich Schütz (1585 –1672)
5. Jean Baptiste Lully (1632 –1687)
6. Henry Purcell (1658 –1695)
7. Arcangelo Corelli (1653 –1713)
8. Antonio Vivaldi (1678 –1741)
9. Jean Philippe Rameau (1683 –1764)
10. George Handel (1685 –1759)
11. Domenico Scarlatti (1685 –1757)
12. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 –1750)
13. Christoph Willibald Gluck (1713 –1787)
14. Joseph Haydn (1732 –1809)
15. Antonio Salieri (1750 –1825)
16. Dmitry Stepanovich Bortnyansky (1751 –1825)
17. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 –1791)
18. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 –1826)
19. Johann Nepomuk Hummel (1778 –1837)
20. Nicollo Paganini (1782 –1840)
21. Giacomo Meyerbeer (1791 –1864)
22. Carl Maria von Weber (1786 –1826)
23. Gioachino Rossini (1792 –1868)
24. Franz Schubert (1797 –1828)
25. Gaetano Donizetti (1797 –1848)
26. Vincenzo Bellini (1801 –1835)
27. Hector Berlioz (1803 –1869)
28. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (1804 –1857)
29. Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809 –1847)
30. Fryderyk Chopin (1810 –1849)
31. Robert Schumann (1810 –1856)
32. Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky (1813 –1869)
33. Franz Liszt (1811 –1886)
34. Richard Wagner (1813 –1883)
35. Giuseppe Verdi (1813 –1901)
36. Charles Gounod (1818 –1893)
37. Stanislav Moniuszko (1819 –1872)
38. Jacques Offenbach (1819 –1880)
39. Alexander Nikolaevich Serov (1820 –1871)
40. Cesar Frank (1822 –1890)
41. Bedřich Smetana (1824 –1884)
42. Anton Bruckner (1824 –1896)
43. Johann Strauss (1825 –1899)
44. Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein (1829 –1894)
45. Johannes Brahms (1833 –1897)
46. ​​Alexander Porfirievich Borodin (1833 –1887)
47. Camille Saint-Saens (1835 –1921)
48. Leo Delibes (1836 –1891)
49. Mily Alekseevich Balakirev (1837 –1910)
50. Georges Bizet (1838 –1875)
51. Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (1839 –1881)
52. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840 –1893)
53. Antonin Dvorak (1841 –1904)
54. Jules Massenet (1842 –1912)
55. Edvard Grieg (1843 –1907)
56. Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 –1908)
57. Gabriel Fauré (1845 –1924)
58. Leos Janacek (1854 –1928)
59. Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov (1855 –1914)
60. Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev (1856 –1915)
61. Ruggero Leoncavallo (1857 –1919)
62. Giacomo Puccini (1858 –1924)
63. Hugo Wolf (1860 –1903)
64. Gustav Mahler (1860 –1911)
65. Claude Debussy (1862 –1918)
66. Richard Strauss (1864 –1949)
67. Alexander Tikhonovich Grechaninov (1864 –1956)
68. Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov (1865 –1936)
69. Jean Sibelius (1865 –1957)
70. Franz Lehár (1870 –1945)
71. Alexander Nikolaevich Scriabin (1872 –1915)
72. Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninov (1873 –1943)
73. Arnold Schoenberg (1874 –1951)
74. Maurice Ravel (1875 –1937)
75. Nikolai Karlovich Medtner (1880 –1951)
76. Bela Bartok (1881 –1945)
77. Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky (1881 –1950)
78. Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky (1882 –1971)
79. Anton Webern (1883 –1945)
80. Imre Kalman (1882 –1953)
81. Alban Berg (1885 –1935)
82. Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev (1891 –1953)
83. Arthur Honegger (1892 –1955)
84. Darius Milhaud (1892 –1974)
85. Carl Orff (1895 –1982)
86. Paul Hindemith (1895 –1963)
87. George Gershwin (1898 –1937)
88. Isaac Osipovich Dunaevsky (1900 –1955)
89. Aram Ilyich Khachaturian (1903 –1978)
90. Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich (1906 –1975)
91. Tikhon Nikolaevich Khrennikov (born in 1913)
92. Benjamin Britten (1913 –1976)
93. Georgy Vasilievich Sviridov (1915 –1998)
94. Leonard Bernstein (1918 –1990)
95. Rodion Konstantinovich Shchedrin (born in 1932)
96. Krzysztof Penderecki (born 1933)
97. Alfred Garievich Schnittke (1934 –1998)
98. Bob Dylan (b. 1941)
99. John Lennon (1940–1980) and Paul McCartney (b. 1942)
100. Sting (born 1951)

MASTERPIECES OF CLASSICAL MUSIC

The most famous composers in the world

List of composers in alphabetical order

Biography.

Vater von Carl Orff, Offizier, spielte Klavier und mehrere Streichinstrumente. Seine Mutter war auch eine gute Pianistin. Sie entdeckte ihr Sohn Begabung f?r Musik und begann seine Ausbildung. Die RUF hat gelernt, mit 5 Jahren Klavier zu spielen. Im Alter von neun Jahren schrieb er sein eigenes Puppentheater lange und kurze musikalische Ausschnitte. Alle jungbulle Kindheit an von Musik umgeben war, seine Eltern waren vier H?nde spielen, abends und sonntags. RUF bemerkt anschlie?end "?berall war Musik, beeinflusst mich, lassen Sie mich in der Kindheit und ist nicht direkt beteiligt Familienkonzerte.

Carl Orff's father, an officer, played the piano and several string instruments. His mother was also a good pianist. It was she who discovered her son’s talent for music and began teaching him. Orff learned to play the piano at age 5. By the age of nine he was already writing long and short pieces of music for his own puppet theater. The boy spent his entire childhood surrounded by music; his parents played four-handed in the evenings and on Sundays. Orff later remarked that “there was music everywhere that influenced me, even if in my infancy I did not take direct part in family concerts.”

Inscription on the grave of Carl Orff in Andechs