Technical drawing for drawing. Technical drawing
Hatching in drawings (Fig. 252, a), in contrast to shading in rectangular projections, is usually applied in different directions. The line separating one hatched plane from another is drawn as the main line. In Fig. 252, b shows a hollow brick in a rectangular dimetric projection. The figure shows that thin ribs in axonometric views are cut and shaded on a common base.
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Long solid pieces should not be cut all the way through. A local cut is made for the part where there is a recess (Fig. 252, c). If necessary, long parts are drawn with a gap (Fig. 253, a). The break lines are drawn slightly wavy, two to three times thinner than the main lines. For orientation, the size of the full length of the part is applied. A break in a tree is shown in the form of zigzag lines (Fig. 253, b).
Technical drawings, as a rule, are not intended for the manufacture of parts based on them, so dimensions are usually not applied to them. If dimensions must be applied, then this is done in accordance with GOST 2.317-69 and 2.307-68 (Fig. 254, a). In Fig. 254, b and c shows the application of vertical dimensions for the pyramid and cone (dimensions 25 and 36). In Fig. 254, d shows the correct application of the size of the cylinder diameter parallel to the coordinate axis. The dimension shown along the major axis of the ellipse is crossed out as incorrectly plotted.
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It is especially important to mark the axes of the holes in the drawings (Fig. 254, a); in this case, the major axis of the ellipse should not be drawn. In the case of very small holes, only the main axis can be drawn - the geometric axis of the surface of rotation (the hole on the right side of the cube).
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Invisible contour lines are applied in drawings only if they add additional clarity to the image.
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The main way to convey relief should be considered the application of shadow strokes: straight lines for polyhedra, cylinders and cones and curves for other bodies of revolution. Along with this, scribbling with a grid and short strokes is sometimes used. Screening with a mesh is shown in Fig. 255, a and b, and in short strokes - in Fig. 255, c and d. From consideration latest drawings it is clear that the clarity of the image is achieved not by a large number of shadow strokes, but by their correct location on the surface of the part.
When making axonometric drawings and ink drawings, shading with dots is sometimes used, approaching shading (Fig. 256, a and b), thickened shadow lines (Fig. 256, c and d).
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A sketch is a design document made by hand, without the use of drawing tools, without exact adherence to scale, but with mandatory observance of the proportions of the elements of the parts. The sketch is a temporary drawing and is intended for one-time use.
The sketch must be drawn up carefully in compliance with projection connections and all the rules and conventions established by the ESKD standards.
A sketch can serve as a document for the manufacture of a part or for the execution of its working drawing. In this regard, the sketch of the part must contain all the information about its shape, size, surface roughness, and material. The sketch also contains other information, presented in the form of graphic or text material (technical requirements, etc.).
Sketching (sketching) is done on sheets of any standard size paper. In educational settings, it is recommended to use checkered writing paper.
The sketching process can be divided into separate stages, which are closely related to each other. In Fig. 367 shows a step-by-step sketch of the “support” part.
I. Familiarization with the part
Upon familiarization, the shape of the part is determined (Fig. 368, a and b) and its main elements (Fig. 368, c), into which the part can be mentally divided. If possible, the purpose of the part is clarified and a general idea about the material, processing and roughness of individual surfaces, about the manufacturing technology of the part, about its coatings, etc.
II. Selecting the main view and other required images
The main view should be chosen so that it gives the most complete idea of the shape and dimensions of the part, and also facilitates the use of the sketch during its manufacture.
There are a significant number of parts limited by surfaces of rotation: shafts, bushings, sleeves, wheels, disks, flanges, etc. In the manufacture of such parts (or workpieces), processing is mainly used on lathes or similar machines (rotary, grinding).
The images of these parts in the drawings are positioned so that in the main view the axis of the part is parallel to the main inscription. This arrangement of the main view will make it easier to use the drawing when manufacturing parts based on it.
If possible, you should limit the number of invisible contour lines that reduce the clarity of images. Therefore, attention should be paid Special attention the use of cuts and sections.
The required images should be selected and performed in accordance with the rules and recommendations of GOST 2.305-68.
In Fig. 368, a and b, options for the location of the part are given and the arrows show the direction of projection, as a result of which it can be obtained main view. Preference should be given to the position of the part in Fig. 368, b. In this case, the view on the left will show the outlines of most of the elements of the part, and the main view itself will give the clearest idea of its shape.
IN in this case Three images are enough to represent the shape of the part: main view, top view and left view. A frontal incision should be made at the site of the main view.
III. Selecting a Sheet Size
The sheet format is selected according to GOST 2.301-68 depending on the size of the images selected during stage II. The size and scale of the images must allow all elements to be clearly reflected and the necessary dimensions and symbols to be applied.
IV. Sheet preparation
First, you should limit the selected sheet to an outer frame and draw a drawing frame of a given format inside it. The distance between these frames should be 5 mm, and a 20 mm wide margin is left on the left for filing the sheet. Then the outline of the main inscription frame is applied.
V. Arrangement of images on a sheet
Having chosen the visual scale of the images, the ratio of the overall dimensions of the part is established by eye. In this case, if the height of the part is taken as A y, then the width of the part is B^A, and its length is C«2L (see Fig. 367, a and 368, b). After this, put on the sketch thin lines rectangles with the overall dimensions of the part (see Fig. 367, a). The rectangles are positioned so that the distances between them and the edges of the frame are sufficient for applying dimension lines and symbols, as well as for placing technical requirements.
The layout of images can be facilitated by using rectangles cut from paper or cardboard and having sides corresponding to the overall dimensions of the part. By moving these rectangles around the drawing field, select the most good location images.
VI. Drawing images of part elements
Inside the resulting rectangles, images of the part elements are drawn with thin lines (see Fig. 367, b). In this case, it is necessary to maintain their proportions
sizes and ensure projection connection of all images by drawing appropriate axial and center lines.
VII. Design of views, sections and sections
Next, in all views (see Fig. 367, c), details that were not taken into account when performing stage VI (for example, roundings, chamfers) are clarified and removed auxiliary lines construction. In accordance with GOST 2.305-68, cuts and sections are drawn up, then a graphic designation of the material is applied (hatching of sections) in accordance with GOST 2.306-68 and the images are outlined with the corresponding lines in accordance with GOST 2.303-68.
VIII. Drawing dimension lines and symbols
Dimensional lines and conventional signs, which determine the nature of the surface (diameter, radius, square, taper, slope, type of thread, etc.), are applied according to GOST 2.307-68 (see Fig. 367, c). At the same time, the roughness of individual surfaces of the part is marked and symbols are applied to determine the roughness.
IX. Applying dimensional numbers
Using measuring tools, determine the dimensions of the elements and apply dimensional numbers on the sketch. If the part has a thread, then it is necessary to determine its parameters and indicate the corresponding thread designation on the sketch (see Fig. 367, d).
X. Final design of the sketch
When finalized, the main inscription is filled in. If necessary, information is provided on the maximum deviations of the dimensions, shape and location of surfaces; technical requirements are drawn up and explanatory notes are made (see Fig. 368, d). Then a final check of the completed sketch is made and the necessary clarifications and corrections are made.
When sketching a part from life, you should be critical of the shape and arrangement of its individual elements. For example, casting defects (uneven wall thicknesses, displacement of hole centers, uneven edges, asymmetry of parts of a part, unreasonable tides, etc.) should not be reflected in the sketch. Standardized elements of the part (grooves, chamfers, drilling depth for threads, roundings, etc.) must have the design and dimensions provided for by the relevant standards.
To quickly and most clearly convey the shape of an object, technical drawings are used.
Technical drawing is an image made by eye and by hand according to the rules of axonometry.
When performing technical drawings, the axes must be placed at the same angles as for axonometric projections, and the dimensions of objects must be laid out along the axes.
Selecting the axonometric projection on the basis of which the technical drawing, depends on the shape of the part.
The frontal dimetric projection is convenient for depicting parts whose curvilinear outlines are located in a plane parallel to the xOz plane (see Fig. 92 and 93). Isometric projections are preferable when depicting parts whose curved elements are located in different planes.
It is convenient to perform technical drawings on lined paper. In Fig. 103 shows ways to make it easier to work with a pencil by hand.
The 45 angle can be easily constructed by dividing the right angle in half (Fig. 103, a). To construct an angle of 30, you need to divide the right angle into three equal parts (Fig. 103, b).
A regular hexagon can be drawn in isometry (Fig. 103, c) if a segment equal to 4i is plotted on the axis located at an angle of 30°, and 3.5a on the vertical axis. This is how we obtain the points that define the vertices of a hexagon whose side is 2a.
To describe a circle, you first need to center lines apply four strokes, and then four more between them (Fig. 103, d).
It is not difficult to construct an oval by inscribing it into a rhombus. To do this, strokes are applied inside the rhombus to mark the line of the oval (Fig. 103, e), and then the oval is outlined.
To give technical drawings volume, shading is applied to them (Fig. 104). In this case, it is assumed that the light falls on the object from the top left. Illuminated surfaces are not shaded. Hatching is applied to shaded surfaces, which is more frequent the darker the surface.
You can apply shading not to the entire surface, but only in places that emphasize the shape of the object (Fig. 105).
To identify the internal outlines of objects on axonometric projections and technical drawings, sections are used (Fig. 106, a), which are made with planes parallel to the planes of the projections. The hatching lines of the sections are drawn as shown in Fig. 106, b, i.e. parallel to the diagonal of the projections of squares built on the x and z, x and y, y and z axes
When applying dimensions, extension lines are drawn parallel to the axonometric axes, and dimension lines are parallel to the measured segment (Fig. 106, a and Fig. 87, d).
Answer the questions
1. What is the difference between a technical drawing and an axonometric projection?
2. How are the axes positioned when performing technical drawings?
3. What are the rules for shading technical drawings in order to reveal the volume of an object?
4. How are extension and dimension lines placed when drawing dimensions on axonometric projections?
Assignments for §15 and Chapter III
Exercise 47
Construct by hand on checkered paper: a) angles of 45 and 30°; b) the axis of the frontal dimetric projection (see Fig. 85, c); c) axes of isometric projection (see Fig. 85, c); d) circle with a diameter of 30 mm; e) three ovals, depicting a circle with a diameter of 40 mm in an isometric projection (place one oval perpendicular to the x-axis, the other - to the y-axis, the third - to the z-axis). Complete technical drawings of the parts shown in Fig. 107: for the examples in Fig. 107, a and b - based on the frontal dimetric projection, for examples in Fig. 107, c - E - based on isometric projection. Determine the dimensions by the number of cells, assuming that the side of the cell is 5 mm. Shade the surface of the parts.
Exercise 48
Take the “Construction of Visual Images” filmstrip from the school’s film library and repeat the material on the topic.
Hints for exercises for Chapter III
To § 12.
1 - projection object; 2 - projecting rays; 3 - projection plane; 4 - projection.
For exercise 40
The sequence of performing the exercise is shown in Fig. 275.
For exercise 41
It is advisable to follow the isometric projection sequence of a regular triangular prism shown in Fig. 276.
Topic: Technical drawing
Target: learn to visually perform this or that figure by hand, maintaining proportionality individual parts figures.
As a result of studying the discipline, the student must:
Educational (didactic):
have an idea:
about the role and place of technical drawing in the engineering activities of a future specialist;
know:
Basic concepts, principles and methods of constructing a technical drawing;
Rules for using axonometric projections in drawing
be able to:
Construct drawings of flat figures and geometric bodies;
Make drawings of parts and assembly units from nature and according to drawings;
Determine the optimal ways to complete the task;
master the skill:
Constructing drawings in perspective;
Definition of the method for solving shadow construction;
Basics of technical drawing according to the rules of axonometric projections;
The ability to construct images geometric shapes on surface.
Developmental:
develop logical and analytical,spatialthinking, reasoning skills,ability to work with a pencil without drawing tools,cognitive interest, development of attention and observation.
Educational:
cultivate accuracy of construction, accuracy, attentiveness and perseverance; formation of the need for intellectual development and self-organization for solving applied problems, developing independent work skills.
Relevance of the topic (motivation): In a production environment, it is sometimes necessary to illustrate with a drawing a technical idea or the design of a part directly at the workplace. This means that a craftsman, technologist, designer must be able to express their thoughts with a technical drawing with a pencil and pen on paper or with chalk on plywood, boards and sheet metal. The execution of technical drawing is facilitated and simplified by preliminary sketches, technical or perspective drawings.
Educational technologies. Technology explanatory and illustrated training, collective mutual learning. Used group teaching method and health-saving technologies. As a result of the use of the presented technologies, each student has emotional and meaningful support and works productively throughout the lesson, maintaining concentration, the ability to perceive and retain information.Increased responsibility not only for your successes, but also for the results collective work; In the process of mutual communication, memory is activated, and previous experience and knowledge are mobilized and updated.AppliedICT technology to simplify the perception of the presented material, which generally improves the quality of education.
Elements of teaching methodology.
Verbal methods– for the formation of theoretical and factual knowledge.
Visual methods– to develop observation skills and increase attention to the issues being studied.
Practical skills - for developing practical skills.
Methodological support: Samples of graphic works, blackboard,computer, interactive whiteboard, electronic curriculum.
Handout: Options for tasks.
Materials and accessories.
Drawing board, buttons. A3 drawing paper, soft graphite pencils (3M, 2M) and medium hard pencils (TM and M), fine eraser.
Literature: Kulikov V.P. Engineering graphics (2013),
Tomilina S.V. Engineering graphics (2012)
Sequence training session
1 Organizational moment.
3 Checking homework.
4 Learning new material
5 Physical education minute
6 Learning new material
7 Reinforcing the material learned
8 Homework
Progress of the lesson:
1 Organizational moment.
Greetings, psychological attitude, identifying absentees, checking preparedness for the lesson.
2 Familiarization with the topic of the lesson, setting its goals. Motivation.
Form: story-speech.
People have been using technical drawing for a long time and in its most varied forms: design engineers most often used realistic drawing (perspective), an example being the numerous drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. Fashion designers for men's and women's clothing use a conventional drawing. Applied artists use their special techniques. Even in everyday life, we often resort to the help of technical drawing, explaining to friends our address and the location of houses.
Consequently, when revealing the concept of the term “technical drawing”, one cannot interpret its content and purpose narrowly and one-sidedly.
Most often, technical drawing is used when creating new objects. Born in the human mind new idea, which arose unexpectedly new image objects require immediate fixation, and the simplest, most convenient and fastest form of fixing a creative thought is drawing. Noting this quality of technical drawing, General Aircraft Designer A. S. Yakovlev wrote: “The ability to draw helped me a lot in my future work. After all, when a design engineer conceives a machine, he must mentally imagine his creation in all details and be able to depict it with a pencil on paper.”
Active creative activity inventor, architect, engineer, design artist always begins with a technical drawing.
The technical drawing allows you to immediately see the benefits of new design improvements and provides a basis for proceeding with conversion or replacement. individual parts cars. But the main advantage of technical drawing is that it forces the author to go further, make additions and corrections to his drawing, activates and improves his creative thought. And this, in turn, forces the designer to move on to new drawings until the author gets closer to the ideal.
3 Check homework
The technology of level differentiation was used to identify residual knowledge among students, taking into account their capabilities.
Students choose a question that is accessible to themselves and formulate an answer. The result is the identification of positive dynamics and the creation of a situation of “success”.
Questions to be discussed when updating knowledge:
1 What projection methods do you know?
2 Name the types of axonometric projections.
3 What is the coefficient of distortion in dimetry?
Answer 1: The central projection of an object is obtained as follows: from the vanishing point of the rays, called the center of projections, a series of projecting rays are drawn through all the most characteristic points of the object until they intersect with the projection plane.
An axonometric projection of an object is obtained if the vanishing point of the rays (the center of projection) is mentally transferred to infinity (moved infinitely far from the projection plane). Axonometric projections provide visual but distorted images of an object: right angles are converted into obtuse and acute angles, circles into ellipses, etc.
Rectangular (orthogonal) projections. Here the center of the projections is infinitely far from the projection plane, the projecting rays are parallel and make a right angle with the projection plane (hence the name - rectangular projections).
Answer 2: Types of axonometric projections.
Rectangular isometric projection
Rectangular dimetric projection
Oblique frontal isometric view
Oblique frontal dimetric projection
Oblique horizontal isometric projection
Answer 3: Distortion coefficient in dimetry:
X-1 axis; Y-axis-0.5; axisZ-1.
4 Learning new material
Technical drawing – This is a visual graphic representation of an object, made by hand on a visual scale, in which the technical idea of the object is clearly revealed, its structural form is correctly conveyed and the proportional relationships are correctly found.
Before starting technical drawing, it is useful to do a number of exercises, which include: 1) drawing lines, 2) dividing segments into equal parts, 3) drawing angles, 4) dividing angles into equal parts. It must be remembered that all constructions are made in pencil, without the use of drawing tools. In addition, it is necessary to be able to correctly determine by eye the sizes and ratios of parts, to divide the lines and plane of the sheet into equal parts.
Drawing lines
Lines can be straight, broken and curved. In drawing practice, horizontal and vertical lines are most often used.
Horizontal the straight line is drawn as follows. Let's outline several points equally spaced from the top edge of the sheet, and
let's make a move right hand from left to right in the air, as if connecting the intended points. This exercise is repeated several times, after which a straight line is drawn with long, thin strokes. The resulting distortions must be corrected by drawing a brighter line with a pencil.
The eraser is used after correcting the drawing.
Vertical a straight line is drawn by moving the hand from top to bottom along the same the same rules as horizontal
Inclined a straight line is drawn by moving the hand from left to right. Depending on the angle of inclination of the straight line, the movement will be directed from top to bottom or bottom to top
Next, you should practice dividing the drawn straight segments into equal parts: first - into two, four, eight, then - into three, six, five, seven. Developing your eye, you should check with a compass - a meter - whether the parts into which the straight segment was divided are equal.
Construction of angles.
To divide an angle into equal parts, you must first draw an auxiliary arc and divide it by eye into the required number of equal parts. Then draw straight lines through the resulting serifs and the top of the corner. The figure shows an approximate sequence of exercises.
Preparing to draw flat figures.
To acquire skills in drawing lines without lifting the pencil from the paper, it is useful to perform the following exercises:
Drawing flat figures.
The skill acquired in the previous exercises should be used to draw some flat figures: a rectangle, regular triangle and hexagon, circle and ellipse.
5 Physical education minute
6 Learning new material
Drawing flat figures located in axonometric coordination planes.
The ability to correctly depict flat figures by hand will help you quickly build them in axonometric coordinate planes.
When constructing an oval, it is necessary to take into account the distortion coefficients along the axes
The ability to draw geometric bodies from life, as well as from an axonometric representation, allows one to move on to drawing from an orthogonal drawing, which is often found in design practice.
Construction of the drawing begins with the construction of a general form according to the proportions given in the drawings. Then geometric body divided into parts. And finally, the volume of the object is revealed, unnecessary lines are removed and the drawing is completed by applying shading.
7 Securing the material
Answer the questions
What is the difference between technical drawing and axonometric projection?
What should be the sequence of technical drawing?
What rules are used when performing technical drawing?
Complete several tasks shown in the picture.
In two given projections model to clearly imagine its shape.
The general shape of the object, its individual parts, as well as proportions are determined from the drawing. The process of reading a drawing is carried out in two stages:
Preliminary familiarization;
Trial analysis-synthesis.
Preliminary familiarization consists of finding out general data - the name of the part, scale, material, weight, etc. detailed analysis-synthesis is the reading of the drawing, which first of all consists of mentally recreating the spatial image of the part from a flat drawing. At the same time, analyzing the shape of the object, they mentally divide it into components geometric shapes, elements and view each part in the drawing images. This order creates conditions for studying the overall size and dimensions of individual elements, their relationship to overall dimensions. Reading symbols, designations and technical requirements complements the picture of the presentation and makes it possible to mentally combine (synthesize) all the data in the drawing.
Use for drawingisometric rectangular projection.
The simplicity and clarity of the image are necessary conditions to simplify and facilitate the execution of graphic work. When making a drawing, it is not necessary to maintain the dimensions, but it is imperative to maintain their proportionality in accordance with a given object or detail. Select the overall dimensions of the drawing so as to successfully fill the field of the drawing. The layout of the drawing on the sheet, i.e. its location is proportional to the sheet format, has great importance for building whole work. The position of the sheet can be horizontal or vertical in relation to the person drawing and depends on the shape of the object being depicted.
The image of the object should occupy approximately ¾ of the page usable area leaf. It should not be too small or very large in relation to the format. An image of an object that will go beyond the format is unacceptable.
To position the drawing compositionally correctly, you need to lightly outline with lines general shape And mutual arrangement its main parts.
When making a drawing, you do not need to maintain dimensions, but you must take into account not only the design (structure, relative arrangement of parts of an object), but also proportions - dimensional ratios of height to width, one part to another and to the shape of the object as a whole. Violation of proportion distorts the correctness of the drawing - the resemblance of the image to life. All construction is carried out without drawing tools. To give the drawing clarity, apply light and shade.
8 Homework: repeat material on the topic studied, do graphic work « technical drawing of the model"
Graphic work “Technical drawing of the model.”
Subject: "Technical drawing".
Content: On A3 format, according to the given complex drawing, make a technical drawing of the model.
Target: Reading spatial form bodies according to a complex drawing, development of spatial thinking, mastering the technique of hand graphics.
Work progress.
1. Based on two given projections, imagine the shape of the model.
2. Determine the basic proportions of the whole and parts of the model.
3. Analyze the design of the model, connections and dependencies between individual parts.
4. Determine the position of the model relative to the projection axes.
5. Draw axonometric axes (for drawing, use an isometric rectangular projection, correctly depicting the inclination of the axes).
6. Draw without using drawing tools (image using the “hand graphics” technique). Construction should begin from the lower base of the model, gradually building up its other elements.
7. Check the correctness of the constructions, the correspondence of the proportions and the relationship of all elements of the model.
8. Trace the drawing.
9. To make the drawing clearer, apply chiaroscuro (shading or shading). Assume that the light falls on a horizontal surface at an angle of 45°, from behind the left shoulder.
Assignment report:
Technical drawing of the model, made on A3 format using the “hand graphics” technique.
How are ideas for new models born? It's different for everyone. Some are inspired by their favorite films, others by glossy magazines, others by the colors of nature. But no matter what inspires fashion designers, all their ideas that are born in the creative process find their expression in artistic sketches of new models.
This is natural, because in order to begin the process of pattern modeling, you need to think through each new model down to the smallest details - silhouette, design solution, color and texture of fabric, finishing - everything affects how the finished product will look. At the stage of creating an artistic sketch, you can make any changes to the product, experiment with color, length, show your imagination, give freedom to creativity, imagination and create a real masterpiece!
Advice! Keep a separate album for your artistic sketches and sketch all new ideas in it.
Keep a separate album for your artistic sketches and sketch all new ideas in it. Even if some of them do not find immediate implementation, none of the sketches should be thrown away, because they may be useful to you in the future. When adding new models to the album, sometimes return to previous, unrealized ideas. Perhaps, after some time, you will look at them in a new way and bring them to life.
And now a few words about what an artistic sketch should be.
What is an artistic sketch of a model?
You can first do a rough sketch or rough sketch to get your idea down on paper. It may be unclear, disproportionate, and lacking precise drawings. These are the germs of an idea First stage, when you can depict a flight of fancy as you consider necessary, understandable only to you. Experiment at this stage without limiting yourself in anything.
Rice. 1. Fore-sketch of a dress
This is followed by the creation of an artistic sketch of the model.
An artistic sketch of a model is a drawing made using any drawing technique. You can use gouache, watercolor, colored or single-color pencils, felt-tip pens and whatever is at hand for drawing. An artistic sketch is performed on a figure in an arbitrary pose. The main thing is that the model you draw conveys the mood, matches the image that you have in mind, is aesthetically pleasing and comfortable to wear. All this needs to be thought through at the stage of creating an artistic sketch.
Rice. 2. Artistic sketch of the model - watercolor, ink
Rice. 3. Artistic sketch of the model - graphics
After completing the artistic sketch, it must be converted into a technical sketch, according to which it will be necessary to model the patterns.
Technical sketch of the model
A technical sketch of a model is a drawing of a product on a conditionally standard figure, with a clear definition of all the design features of the model, using a grid of base lines - the base of the neck, chest, waist, hips, central axis. This will allow you to make a more accurate calculation of the location of structural seams, parts, pockets, etc.
Rice. 4. Technical sketch of the model - front and back
Make yourself a rule: always accompany the technical sketch of the model detailed description and calculation of the required amount of fabrics and applied materials for sewing it. This will greatly simplify your work and allow you to more accurately estimate the cost. finished product, will make it possible to optimize the modeling and cutting process and obtain a more accurate result. But this is exactly what we strive for!
In the description of the technical drawing of the product, be sure to indicate the following parameters:
1. Short description free form products.
2. Silhouette, product design features, size.
3. Calculation and description of the required amount of fabric for the product.
4. Description and calculation of the required quantity additional materials for the product (gaskets, fittings, threads, etc.).
5. Features of the model.
Rice. 5. Description of the technical drawing
If artistic sketches, as mentioned above, are best sketched on landscape paper, a squared notebook is ideal for technical drawing. In it you can easily enter a technical sketch and fill out a table describing the model.
After you have done all preparatory work and create a technical drawing, build basic pattern products and develop patterns will be much easier for you.
Ready-made templates for your sketches
Rice. Art sketch template
And now - the fun part! We have prepared a template with silhouettes for you female figures for artistic sketches on A4 format. Just download the pdf file, print it on a black and white printer and draw your sketches directly from the silhouettes.
This way you won’t have to waste time drawing the figures - after all, we’ve already drawn them for you! By the way, it is very convenient to store finished sketches in a folder.
Unlimited creativity to you!
