Jean-Esther van Gobseck is the miser from Balzac's Human Comedy. Capt. Jack Sparrow

What moral issues are raised in the story "French Lessons"?

The problems of morality and ethics that the author draws attention to can be called eternal. But where is the line, crossing which an action becomes moral and/or immoral? In the example of the story French Lessons, this is especially obvious: take, for example, a game for money, is it moral or immoral? At first glance, the answer is obvious. But not everything is so simple in life, says Rasputin. Even seemingly immoral actions can bring goodness if they are caused by noble feelings, and Lydia Mikhailovna’s act is proof of this. Sympathy and compassion, the ability to empathize - rare qualities, which are sometimes so lacking in life.

The moral problem of Rasputin's story French Lessons is the search for an answer to the question of what morality is. The plot of events shows that conscience and morality are on the side of the school director: he fires the teacher French behind gambling for money with the student, while quite sincerely expressing extreme indignation at such behavior. But this person, blindly following ready-made norms, directives sent down from above, is not able to understand that love for a child, the desire to save him, is sometimes more important than dogma. Lidia Mikhailovna realized that the half-starved boy, out of pride, would not accept help from her directly, so she invites him to play a game that has long become a source of income for the hero. The behavior of the teacher gives an understanding that morality often goes beyond the boundaries of generally accepted norms, and sometimes crosses out these norms in the name of saving a person.

The main moral problem of this story is the question of how to remain human if everything in life is not as simple and beautiful as we would like. Heavy post-war years, the boy, having gone to study in the city, sometimes finds himself completely without money and has nothing to even buy milk with. Out of despair, he begins to gamble for money and is faced with the cruelty of his peers, envy, meanness and betrayal. This negative side the life that the hero had to learn.

And as a counterbalance, a kind and understanding teacher is shown, who feels unusually sorry for the hungry and ragged boy and who cannot help him openly - because out of pride the boy does not accept her help. But sympathy is a wonderful feeling and the teacher finds a way out; she herself begins to play with the student for money. Is this immoral, or is this another lesson that a teacher wise beyond her years gives to her student? It seems to me that it is the second. Hardly main character I was so naive that I didn’t understand that the teacher didn’t decide to play chica out of passion. He saw that they were trying to help him, but they were trying to arrange this help in such a way as not to hurt his youthful pride and maximalism.

And of course, the good turned out to be punishable - the teacher was fired. And this is another moral problem - if you strive to help others selflessly, you must be prepared for the fact that you will have to pay for it yourself. And only for real a kind person can make such a sacrifice.

Baich S.V., teacher of Russian language and literature at the gymnasium named after. A. Platonova

Routing literature lesson

Lesson 42. Analysis of V. Rasputin’s story “French Lessons”

Section 2. "Me and others"

Working title of the lesson:Sometimes people are difficult to help, sometimes people are difficult to understand.

Lesson steps

Content

Expected results

Lesson purpose and objectives

The purpose of the lesson -involve students in solving problems posed in the work moral problems, explore concepts: topic, idea and problem work of art.

Tasks:

To teach how to build a personal emotional-evaluative perception based on analysis literary portrait heroes through productive reading of the text;

To form an idea of ​​the personality of V. Rasputin;

Expand your understanding of the system of images in the story;

Develop the ability to see and interpret artistic details, understand the subtext and general idea of ​​the work;

Help children develop skills critical thinking;

- develop students’ ability to work in groups;

Contribute to the formation of personal, communication, regulatory skills.

After the lesson, students will be able to:

Tell us about your personality

V. Rasputin and the heroes of his story “French Lessons”;

Operate with the concepts of “theme”, “idea” and “problem of a work of art”;

Use the key words of the lesson (compassion, mercy, self-interest, nobility, generosity, kindness, humanism, dignity, ethics) when analyzing others literary works and life situations.

Meta-subject results ( formation of universal educational activities(UUD).

Regulatory UUD

1. On your own

formulate the topic, problem and goals of the lesson.

Introduction to the topic.

Motivating start

Formulating the lesson topic and goals.

Formulation of the problem

One of the students reads by heart A. Yashin’s poem “Hurry to do good deeds.” Next, students become familiar with diary entry Alexey dated December 19.

Question:What theme unites Alexey’s thoughts and A. Yashin’s poem? (They are talking about kindness, good deeds).

Formulation of the topic:

Lessons of kindness in V. Rasputin’s story “French Lessons” (primary) Discussion of task No. 1 in the workbook(how many meanings of the word “lessons” do you know...)

Goals:

- talk about...the heroes of the story

- explain…the reasons for their actions

- describe... the time at which events occur

Let's return to Alexey's entry and think:

What is the main problematic issue will stand in front of us in class?

Can a person commit a bad good or a good bad deed?

What moral concepts will we operate today in class? ( compassion, mercy, self-interest, nobility, generosity, kindness, humanism, dignity, ethics, selfishness)

Why do you think it is necessary to understand the motives of a particular action? How do you understand the expression “The road to hell is paved with good intentions”?

2. Updating knowledge.

2. Problem dialogue

3. Working with the concepts of “topic”, “idea”, “main problems”

4. Creative task

5. Lesson summary

The essence of human character and certain actions is especially clearly manifested in difficult critical life situations.

Students read V. Rasputin’s thoughts about his childhood and concisely convey the main idea. (Educational disk materials)

Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin was born on March 15, 1937 in the Irkutsk village of Atalanka and still lives in Siberia. Rasputin is one of those who continues the traditions of Russian classical prose from the point of view of moral issues. Keywords his creativity – CONSCIENCE AND MEMORY. All his works are about this.

Here is an excerpt from the thoughts of the writer Alexei Varlamov about his friend and his work:“Valentin Rasputin does not like to describe harmony. As an artist, he is drawn to human disorder, to grief, to misfortune, to catastrophe... And at this point he is close to the most brilliant Russian writerXX century to Andrei Platonov. They are united by that soulful, philosophical attitude towards life and death that Platonov always had. And Rasputin himself felt this kinship, giving Platonov one of the most precise definitions– “guardian of the original Russian soul”. We can rightfully apply this same definition to V.A. Rasputin.

What did you learn from the textbook article about the history of the story?

Childhood memories formed the basis of the story “French Lessons.” The prototype of the main character was Rasputin's teacher Lidiya Mikhailovna Molokova. The author of the book was friends with her all his life. And he dedicated the story to teacher Anastasia Prokopyevna Kopylova, mother of playwright Alexander Vampilov.

And the teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, and the parcel with pasta - all this is from real life author. Can the story be called autobiographical?

Images from documentary film“In the depths of Siberia. V. Rasputin"

Conversation on d.z. from printed notebook. The class is divided into three groups, students write down details that characterize the subject of their observations.

The critic I. Rosenfeld wrote that Rasputin has an amazing ability to “find and present a detail that is absolutely piercing and, despite its incredibleness, very substantial and convincing.”

Three directions for observation:

The real world of war;

Inner world narrator (child);

The inner world of teacher Lydia Mikhailovna.

Questions for problematic dialogue

Why did the boy, the hero of the story, play for money, although this was strictly prohibited?

Why did the hero of the story refuse to take the parcel and did not want to have lunch with the teacher?

How old is the hero? What traits of his character have already developed? Can we say that this boy is a personality?

Which life lessons did the hero receive from Vadik and Ptah?

What personality traits of Lydia Mikhailovna can be judged from her portrait? What goal did she set for herself? How did she achieve this goal? Why did she find it so difficult to help the hero of the story?

Watching an episode of the film “Receiving a Parcel”

Do you agree that Lidiya Mikhailovna is a person extraordinary ? (Vocabulary work- extraordinary....) What made her play for money with a student? Is it possible to say
that her kindness humiliated him? Is it easy to do good?

Lesson topic: « Sometimes people are difficult to help, sometimes people are difficult to understand."

Is the principal's decision to fire the teacher fair?

What is teacher ethics? (Vocabulary work - ethics ...) Did Lydia Mikhailovna violate it? Evaluate her actions.

Work in a printed notebook on page 38 (students at home tried to determine the theme, idea, problems of the story). Discussion.

Research work on task 3 on p. 38 (work in pairs)

Return to the formulation of the main idea of ​​the story, think:Through whose eyes did you look at the events of the story, determining the main thing in it:

Boy narrator;

Lidia Mikhailovna's teacher;

An adult remembering distant events.

Try to formulate the main thing again from everyone’s point of view.

Now imagine your thoughts assyncwine.Work in groups based on the images of a boy, a teacher, an author.Presentation of work results.

How does Rasputin begin his story? What makes a writer, speaking on behalf of many people, feel guilty and ashamed? What meaning does he put into the title of his story?

You begin to appreciate goodness not immediately, but after time. You don’t immediately understand those who cared about you, tried to guide you on the first path, who turned their lessons into lessons of goodness, who, perhaps, made mistakes, were mistaken, but tried to help you from pure heart. What “happened to us after”? Our souls have grown cold, we have learned to forget those who cannot be forgotten. The writer wants to awaken ourConscience and Memory .

Lidia Mikhailovna opened the door to the boy new world, showed a “different life” where people can trust each other, support and help, and relieve loneliness. The boy also recognized red apples, which he had never dreamed of. Now he has learned that he is not alone, that there is kindness, compassion, and love in the world. In the story, the author talks about the “laws” of kindness:true good does not require reward, does not seek direct return, it is selfless. Rasputin's workabout childhood and responsibility to your teachers. Teachers who give children awareness of themselves as individuals, an important part of society, bearers of culture and morality.

Appeal to the statement of A. Platonov “ The love of one person can bring to life the talent in another person, or at least awaken him to action."What kind of love are we talking about in the statement?

Explain why before V. Rasputin’s story in the textbook (p. 95) there is a reproduction of one of the details of Michelangelo’s fresco “The Creation of Man”.

The tense, energetic hand of God the Father will now touch a finger on the weak, weak-willed hand of man, and man will gain the power of life.

Cognitive UUD

1. Independently read all types of text information: factual, subtextual, conceptual.

2. Use a learning type of reading.

3. Retrieve information presented in different forms(solid text; non-continuous text: illustration, table, diagram).

4. Use introductory and screening reading.

5. State the content of the read (listened to) text in detail, concisely, selectively.

6. Use dictionaries and reference books.

7. Carry out analysis and synthesis.

8. Establish cause-and-effect relationships.

9. Build reasoning.

Communication

UUD

1. Take into account different opinions and strive to coordinate different positions in cooperation.

2. Formulate own opinion and position, to argue for it.

3. Ask questions necessary to organize your own activities.

4. Recognize the importance of communication skills in a person’s life.

5. Formulate your thoughts verbally and writing taking into account the speech situation; create texts various types, style, genre.

6. Express and justify your point of view.

7. Listen and hear others, try to accept a different point of view, be ready to adjust your point of view.

8. Present messages to an audience of peers.

Personal results

1. Formation of an emotional-evaluative attitude towards what you read.

2. Formation of perception of the text as a work of art.

Regulatory UUD

1. Correlate the goals and results of your activities.

2. Develop evaluation criteria and determine the degree of success of the work.

TOUU

6. Reflection

This lesson helped me understand...

In this lesson I became convinced that...

During the lesson I was... because...

7. Homework

8. Assessment

Page 119-127

V. M. Shukshin. The story "A Strong Man"

Assignments in the printed notebook on pp. 40-41

I placed knowledge of female nature on this particular writer. By the way, he never made a secret of his knowledge: “All he/they need is only love.”

Everyone noticed the quotes in the previous paragraph. No wonder. Textbook, tea. Let's start, of course, with Pushkin. Alexander Sergeevich - always involved. Honore Balzac and “our everything” were born in the same year, in 1799. Ah! I was so happy about this as a child. Firstly, it was easier to remember the dates; secondly, a lot happened this year: Suvorov’s crossing of the Alps, Napoleon’s return from Egypt (there was a play about this at the Soviet Army Theater, and it was called “1799”). There, in the play, Napoleon sorted out his relationship with Josephine, a beautiful quarterron. It was with Josephine that Pushkin’s mother was compared for her quarter of Arab blood. It is well known that A.S. has Russian. - the second, the first was, as was usual then, French. After all, since 1889, how many emigrants from that same France have wandered around the world. And here, since the time of Elizabeth (the failed French princess), Francophonie has been in fashion.

Imagine, there is an assumption that Pushkin wrote his great “I loved you” to Caroline Sobanska, the sister of Balzac’s future wife, Eva Hanska! Well, in those days, ladies were fans of poets and writers, no less than they were relatively recently of the Beatles. As they say, “just now it’s not the same as today”...

Sisters Rzhevuski ( maiden name Sobanska and Ganska) were beauties and admirers of the arts. The eldest (Karolina) accepted the courtship of Alexander Sergeevich and Mitskevich. The youngest (Evelina) corresponded with Balzac, then met him in real life, had an affair and married him...at the age of 49. After his death, she met the artist Jean Gigou, their relationship lasted thirty years until her death. And Caroline at 56 married the poet Jules Lacroix (who was her younger than years by 15). ...Oh, wow! Don’t you think that we live a somewhat boring life?... one might say that... “how far we are from art”...

It's clear now why soviet girls tried to get acquainted with the work of the same Balzac as early as possible.

film " Simple story»
“Madame Bovary” is there?
- No, baby.
- And Boccaccio’s “Decameron”?
- Also no.
— Do you have “The Splendor and Poverty of Courtesans” by Balzac?
- What, what? Who advised you?
- Girls. - Girls?!
- Do you want “Vaska the Trumpeter?”...

Let's go in order. First, let's briefly look at Honore's biography.

Honore de Balzac(1799-1850) - French writer, one of the founders of realism in European literature. Zodiac sign - Taurus.

The epic “Human Comedy” of 90 novels and stories is connected by a common concept and many characters: the novel “The Unknown Masterpiece” (1831), “Shagreen Skin” "(1830-31), "Eugenie Grandet" (1833), "Père Goriot" (1834-35), "Cesar Birotteau" (1837), "Lost Illusions" (1837-1843), "Cousin Betta" (1846) . Balzac's epic - grandiose in scope realistic painting French society.

Honoré de Balzac was born May 20, 1799 in the city of Tours. The writer's father, Bernard François Balssa (who later changed his last name to Balzac), came from a wealthy peasant family, and served in the military supply department. Taking advantage of the similarity of surnames, Balzac at the turn of the 1830s began to trace his origins to the noble family of Balzac d’Entregues and arbitrarily added the noble particle “de” to his surname. Balzac's mother was younger than husband for 30 years and cheated on him; younger brother writer Henri, his mother’s “favorite,” was the illegitimate son of the owner of a neighboring castle. Many researchers believe that Balzac the novelist’s attention to the problems of marriage and adultery is explained not least by the atmosphere that reigned in his family.

In 1807-1813, Balzac was a boarder at a college in the city of Vendôme; the impressions of this period (intensive reading, a feeling of loneliness among classmates who were distant in spirit) were reflected in the philosophical novel “Louis Lambert” (1832-1835).

Despite the enormous success that Balzac's novels enjoyed in the 1830s and 1840s, his life was not calm. The need to pay off debts required intense work; every now and then Balzac started commercial adventures: he went to Sardinia, hoping to buy a silver mine there cheaply, bought Vacation home, for the maintenance of which he did not have enough money, twice founded periodicals, which were not commercially successful.

« Human comedy." Aesthetics

Balzac's extensive legacy includes a collection of frivolous short stories in the "Old French" spirit "Naughty Stories" (1832-1837), several plays and great amount journalistic articles, but his main creation is “The Human Comedy”. Honore de Balzac began combining his novels and stories into cycles back in 1834. In 1842, he began to publish a collection of his works under the name “Human Comedy”, within which he divided the sections: “Etudes on Morals”, “Philosophical Etudes” and “Analytical Etudes”. All works are united not only by “through-out” heroes, but also by an original concept of the world and man.

Modeled after naturalists (most notably E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire), who described animal species that differed from each other external signs shaped by the environment, Balzac set out to describe social species. He explained their diversity by different external conditions and differences in characters; Each of the people is ruled by a certain idea, passion. Balzac was convinced that ideas are material forces, peculiar fluids, no less powerful than steam or electricity, and therefore an idea can enslave a person and lead him to death, even if his social position is favorable. The story of all Balzac's main characters is the story of a clash between the passion that controls them and social reality.

Balzac is an apologist for will; only if a person has a will, his ideas become an effective force. On the other hand, realizing that the confrontation of egoistic wills is fraught with anarchy and chaos, Honore relied on the family and monarchy - social institutions that cement society.

"Human Comedy". Themes, plots, heroes

The struggle of individual will with circumstances or another, equally strong passion, make up plot basis most of all significant works Balzac. " Shagreen leather"(1831) - a novel about how a person’s selfish will (materialized in a piece of skin that decreases with each fulfilled desire) devours his life. “The Search for the Absolute” (1834) is a novel about the search for the philosopher’s stone, to which the natural scientist sacrifices the happiness of his family and his own.

“Père Goriot” (1835) is a novel about fatherly love, “Eugenia Grande” (1833) is about the love of gold, “Cousin Bette” (1846) is about the power of revenge that destroys everything around. The novel “A Thirty-Year-Old Woman” (1831-34) is about love, which has become the lot of a mature woman (this theme of Balzac’s work is associated with mass consciousness the concept of “a woman of Balzac’s age”).

In society, as Honore de Balzac saw and portrays it, either strong egoists achieve the fulfillment of their desires (such is Rastignac, cross-cutting character, first appearing in the novel “Père Goriot”), or people animated by love for their neighbors (the main characters of the novels “The Country Doctor ", 1833, "The Village Priest", 1839); weak, weak-willed people, such as the hero of the novels “Lost Illusions” (1837-1843) and “The Splendor and Poverty of Courtesans” (1838-47) by Lucien de Rubempre, do not withstand the tests and die.

19th century French epic

Each work of Balzac is a kind of “encyclopedia” of one or another class, one or another profession: “The History of the Greatness and Fall of Caesar Birotteau” (1837) - a novel about trade; “The Illustrious Gaudissart” (1833) - a short story about advertising; “Lost Illusions” is a novel about journalism; "The Bankers' House of Nucingen" (1838) - a novel about financial scams.

Balzac painted in " Human Comedy» extensive panorama of all sides French life, all levels of society (thus, “Etudes on Morals” included “scenes” of private, provincial, Parisian, political, military and rural life), on the basis of which later researchers began to classify his work as realism. However, for Balzac himself, more important was the apology of will and strong personality, which brought his work closer to romanticism.

Love passions could not help but shake the child’s soul, especially since in the end “everyone died.” How sweetly we cried in those years over someone else’s unhappy love... Apart from love, little was noticed there, ...except only the styles of dresses and hats.

The plot of the novel “The Brilliance and Poverty of Courtesans” develops around the careerist and opportunist Lucien Chardon de Rubempre, who first appeared in the image of a poor loser in the novel “Lost Illusions”. Nowadays he moves in the highest circles of Parisian society. The secret of this reincarnation lies in the patronage of the well-respected abbot Carlos Herrera, who in reality is an escaped convict named Jacques Collin. Lucien is in love with the beautiful Esther and secretly supports her from the elite. However, the patronage of the “abbot” comes at a price: at his request, Lucien is forced to court Clotilde, heiress to the Duke de Granlier’s fortune. Esther Herrera-Collen decides to literally sell her to the banker Nucingen, who is in love with her.

The intrigues and machinations of the “abbot” lead to disastrous consequences: Esther takes poison, and the cowardly Lucien, who betrayed his beloved, ends up in prison. There he testifies against his patron and hangs himself. Despite the imminence of complete exposure, the impostor abbot manages to get away with it this time too. He not only receives part of Esther’s money, bequeathed to him by Lucien, but also gains respect in society: Collen joins the secret police, where he serves until his honorable retirement.

Main characters

• Vautrin / "Abbé" Carlos Herrera(real name Jacques Collin) - an escaped convict nicknamed "Deceive-Death", posing as the Spaniard Carlos Herrera. His first appearance occurred in "Père Goriot", where he appeared as a kind of mentor for the young and inexperienced student Eugene de Rastignac. Vautrin explained to him the essence of Parisian life in those years - honest work could not achieve anything here.

God knows, where did Balzac get such a hero? The collision reminds us of the relationship between Heeckeren and Dantes. There is a high probability that some rumors reached the writer through Russian acquaintances. It is clear that Ganskaya and her sister could not help but be interested in the circumstances of Pushkin’s duel.

• Lucien Chardon de Rubempre- a cross-cutting character in The Human Comedy. Balzac introduces his readers to Lucien in the first part of the novel Lost Illusions, where he is presented as a spoiled nineteen-year-old boy from an impoverished family. Lucien goes through many trials and humiliations associated with extremely bad financial situation, and ultimately actually “breaks down”: he attempts suicide, but is stopped and taken under the wing of “Abbot” Herrera.

In The Splendor and Misery of the Courtesans, Lucien is already completely under the influence of the false abbot, even though he knows the truth about his past. He does not interfere with the transaction between Vautrin and Nucingen, and having gone to prison and realizing that the testimony he gave could expose his benefactor, Lucien refuses it and commits suicide.

• Esther van Gobseck- grandniece of the moneylender Gobsek, and, as it turns out after his death, the only heir to his fortune. She is mentioned in several works of The Human Comedy. It is known that before meeting Lucien, everyone knew her as the slutty girl Torpil, but then for the sake of her beloved she changed her life. Inclined to have a relationship with the banker Nucingen, Esther vows to commit suicide the moment she succumbs to him. She fulfills her vow by drinking poison.

• Frederic de Nucingen- banker, husband of Delphine Nucingen, daughter of Goriot. The spouses cheat on each other left and right, so Delphine was Rastignac’s mistress, and the banker himself often spends time with courtesans. IN this novel Nucingen almost fell madly in love with Esther, whom he accidentally met in the forest. (Wikipedia)

An indelible impression that remains for a lifetime. Behind the beauty of the characters, the luxury of the setting, the sparkle of diamonds and the sophistication of ladies' toilets, you do not notice that the heroine was a prostitute who sought to cleanse herself of spiritual dirt in a stream of sincere love. And secular ladies, on the contrary, sought oblivion in adultery, having become fed up with the earthly goods they already had in abundance.

“Ah, long live love in silks and cashmere, surrounded by the wonders of luxury, which adorn it so wonderfully because perhaps it itself is luxury! I like to crumple up exquisite toiletries in a fit of passion, crush flowers, raise my daring hand over beautiful building fragrant hairstyle... I am captivated by an aristocratic woman, her subtle smile, refined manners and self-esteem: by erecting a barrier between herself and people, she awakens all my vanity, and this is half love. Becoming the object of universal envy, my bliss acquires a special sweetness for me. If my mistress is different in her everyday life from other women, if she does not walk, if she lives differently from them, if she wears a coat that they cannot have, if she emanates a fragrance that is peculiar to her alone, she is to me I like it much more; and the further she is from the earth, even in what is earthly love, the more beautiful she becomes in my eyes” [Honoré Balzac, “Shagreen Skin”].

Still from the television series “The Splendor and Poverty of Courtesans,” 1975, France, directed by Maurice Cazeneuve

Love, as one of Balzac's heroes tries to prove, requires money. And if they don’t exist, are they earned through love? And then they kill their loved ones. The curse of money, which was inherited from a person who loved only money.

Gobsek Esther van- character in 11 works of the Human Comedy, main character. Esther is the daughter of Sarah Gobsek, nicknamed the Beautiful Dutchwoman, great-niece Gobsek. Esther is endowed with impeccable beauty: satiny skin, thin as Chinese paper, blue-gray eyes under the brow ridges of an exceptionally clear pattern, hair that reaches the ground when loose (Balzac hesitates regarding its color, calling Esther either a blonde, or a burning brunette, or there is attributing her beauty either to European or to Asian). In the eyes and appearance of Esther, “18 centuries after the exile, the East shone again.” Following her mother in choosing the craft of a courtesan, Esther achieved extreme perfection in it. She has such a stimulating effect on men that she received the nickname Torpil (electric stingray). All the brilliant dandies of Paris were "more or less her lovers," but none of them can say that she is his mistress; “She is always free to possess them, but They are never free to possess her.” A meeting with Lucien de Rubempre transforms Esther. Having fallen in love with Lucien, she tries to start living by honest work, but, discovering that those around her still recognize her as a courtesan, she decides to commit suicide. Abbot Carlos Herrera rescues Esther and places her in a monastery boarding school, where she receives religious education and becomes a Catholic. After this, Carlos Herrera settles her in a specially rented apartment, where she lives locked up, seeing no one but Lucien, and enjoying his love. Esther leaves the apartment only at night, when Haiduk Paccard, Herrera’s faithful servant, takes her for a walk in one of the Parisian parks. On one of these walks, the girl is accidentally noticed by Baron de Nucingen and falls in love with the mysterious stranger so passionately that he is ready to give any money if only she would be found and given to him. Carlos Herrera takes advantage of Nucingen's passion to pump more and more out of him. large amounts, necessary for Lucien. For the sake of her beloved, Esther agrees to desecrate her love for him and become a courtesan again; she lives double life, despising "the vile, dishonorable role played by the body in the presence of the soul." Esther flirts with Nucingen, accepts his gifts and settles in the mansion purchased for her, but constantly postpones the day of the baron’s final triumph and her downfall. The morning after that night when she finally gives herself up to the baron, Esther takes poison, bequeathing the 750 thousand francs that Nucingen gave her to Lucien and never learning that she is the owner of the 7 million due to her under Gobseck’s will.

And here it should be noted that the most important elements(described in Balzac's novels) life there were bills, securities, rent, rentiers, bankers and moneylenders... The passion for money absorbs other human feelings.

• Mikhail Gluzsky - Lieutenant Colonel Shishkin

Dubelt asks his subordinates:

Dubelt: Cornet Chicherin challenged Shishkin to a duel. What nonsense is this? Who is Shishkin?

- Retired. Colonel.

— Lieutenant Colonel

- Lieutenant Colonel. Retired. Lends money at interest.

Dubelt: How much does he take?

- Ten per annum.

Dubelt: He is a brute, not a lieutenant colonel.

SHISHKIN Alexey Petrovich (1787-5 I 1838) - retired. lieutenant colonel of the Corps of Railway Engineers, moneylender; was married to Ekaterina Vasilievna, born. Snovidova (1791-1854), and had six children (three minors and three who served in the fleet on the Black Sea: Vadim - midshipman from 1834, Vyacheslav - midshipman from 1834 and Peter - lieutenant from 1835). Petersburg acquaintances of Pushkin. For the period from April 1. 1835 to 25 Jan. 1837 Pushkin received 15,960 rubles from Sh. on the security of “two Turkish shawls, three strands of oriental pearls and various silver items.” ( 2, 3 ). E. V. Sh. called Pushkin “a man famous for his talents”, whom her husband “respected very well” ( 3 , With. 131). S. A. Sobolevsky, whose things were pawned by Pushkin from Sh., called him “the kindest and most honest moneylender” ( 4 ). Perhaps the description “our friend the moneylender” in Pushkin’s letter to Sobolevsky dated September 9 refers to Sh. 1834. Sh. - one of the characters in the unfinished plan “Russian Pelam” (1834-1835) ( 1 ).

Pushkin’s attitude towards moneylenders, as we see, was…somewhat romantic. He took this character to a distant place historical era. Although this image arose in the poet under the impression of tragic story unfortunate Cenci family.

A.S. Pushkin. Stingy Knight

Money? - money
Always, at any age, suitable for us;
But the young man is looking for nimble servants in them
And without regret he sends here and there.
The old man sees them as reliable friends
And he protects them like the apple of his eye.

ABOUT! my father has no servants and no friends
He sees them as masters; and he serves them himself.
And how does it serve? like an Algerian slave,
Like a chained dog. In an unheated kennel
Lives, drinks water, eats dry crusts,
He doesn't sleep all night, he keeps running and barking.
And the gold is calm in the chests
Lies to himself. Shut up! some day
It will serve me, it will forget to lie down.

Like a young rake waiting for a date
With some wicked libertine
Or a fool, deceived by him, so am I
I've been waiting all day for minutes to get off.
To my secret basement, to my faithful chests.
Happy day! I can today
To the sixth chest (to the chest still incomplete)
Pour in a handful of accumulated gold.
Not much, it seems, but little by little
Treasures are growing. I read somewhere
That the king would once give his soldiers
He ordered the earth to be demolished, handful by handful, into a pile,
And the proud hill rose - and the king
I could look around with joy from above
And the valley covered with white tents,
And the sea where the ships fled.
So I, bringing the poor handful by handful
I’m used to my tribute here in the basement,
He lifted up my hill - and from its height
I can look at everything that is under my control.
What is beyond my control? like some kind of demon
From now on I can rule the world;
As soon as I want, palaces will be erected;
To my magnificent gardens
The nymphs will come running in a playful crowd;
And the muses will bring me their tribute,
And the free genius will become my slave,
And virtue and sleepless labor
They will humbly await my reward.
I will whistle, and obediently, timidly
Bloody villainy will creep in,
And he will lick my hand and my eyes
Look, there is a sign of my reading in them.
Everything obeys me, but I obey nothing;
I am above all desires; I am calm;
I know my strength: I have enough
This consciousness...

(Looks at his gold.)

It doesn't seem like much
And how many human worries,
Deceptions, tears, prayers and curses
It is a heavy representative!
There is an old doubloon here... here he is. Today
The widow gave it to me, but first
Half a day in front of the window with three children
She was on her knees howling.
It rained, and stopped, and then started again,
The pretender did not move; I could
Drive her away, but something whispered to me,
What husband's debt she brought me
And he won’t want to be in jail tomorrow.
And this one? This one was brought to me by Thibault -
Where could he, the sloth, the rogue, get it?
He stole it, of course; or maybe,
There on high road, at night, in the grove...
Yes! if all the tears, blood and sweat,
Spilled for everything that is stored here,
Suddenly everyone emerged from the bowels of the earth,
It would be a flood again - I would choke
In my cellars of the faithful. But it's time.

(Wants to unlock the chest.)

Every time I want a chest
My unlock, I fall into heat and trembling.
Not fear (oh no! who should I be afraid of?
I have my sword with me: it is responsible for gold
Honest damask steel), but my heart is tight
Some unknown feeling...
Doctors assure us: there are people
Those who find pleasure in killing.
When I put the key in the lock, the same
I feel what I should feel
They are stabbing the victim with a knife: nice
And scary together.

(Unlocks the chest.)

This is my bliss!

(Pours in money.)

Go, you've got plenty of time to scour the world,
Serving the passions and needs of man.
Fall asleep here in the sleep of strength and peace,
How the gods sleep in the deep skies...
I want to throw myself a feast today:
I will light a candle in front of each chest,
And I’ll unlock them all, and I’ll stand there myself
Among them, look at the shining piles.

(Lights candles and unlocks chests
in sequence.)

I reign!.. What a magical shine!
Obedient to me, my power is strong;
In her is happiness, in her is my honor and glory!
I reign... but who will follow me
Will he take power over her? My heir!
Madman, young spendthrift,
Libertine riotous interlocutor!
As soon as I die, he, he! will come down here
Under these peaceful, silent arches
With a crowd of caresses, greedy courtiers.
Having stolen the keys from my corpse,
He will open the chests with laughter.
And my treasures will flow
In satin ripped pockets.
He will break the sacred vessels,
He will give the dirt the royal oil to drink -
He will waste... And by what right?
Did I get all this for nothing?
Or jokingly, like a player who
Rattling bones and raking piles?
Who knows how many bitter abstinences,
Bridled passions, heavy thoughts,
Daytime worries, sleepless nights for me
Was it all worth it? Or the son will say,
That my heart is overgrown with moss,
That I didn't know the desires that made me
And conscience never gnawed, conscience,
A clawed beast, scraping the heart, conscience,
Uninvited guest, annoying interlocutor,
The lender is rude, this witch,
From which the month and the graves fade
They get embarrassed and send out the dead?..
No, first suffer for yourself wealth,
And then we'll see if he becomes unhappy
To squander what you have acquired with blood.
Oh, if only I could from unworthy glances
I hide the basement! oh, if only from the grave
I could come as a sentry shadow
Sit on the chest and away from the living
Keep my treasures as they are now!..

Just like that. Do you want to talk about love, about life? full of passions and worries, but it turns out...

Glitter Gobsek - Wikipedia

ABOUT! Honore! was last modified: September 29th, 2016 by Natali