How to draw an architectural structure step by step. How to draw a beautiful house of your dreams with a pencil step by step? How to draw a two-story house? Drawing architecture using given orthogonal projections

Measure in the drawing

Pencil metering

Hold the pencil vertically at arm's length (left) with your thumb at the top of the pencil. Align the tip of the pencil with the top edge of the item you want to measure, and move your thumbnail to its bottom edge. Without lifting your thumb, place the pencil on the paper and transfer the measured length onto it.

To accurately convey on paper what you see in front of you is one of the most difficult tasks. A few simple techniques will help you make this task easier.

Try to correctly estimate the size of distant objects. Check the accuracy of your measurements. This is easy to do from where you stand using your hand, a ruler or a pencil.

The width of objects can be measured by holding a pencil horizontally; tilt the pencil when you need to check the angle of the slanted lines.

Verticals and horizontals

To achieve drawing accuracy and correct proportions, you can draw a grid, on which you will then place all the elements included in the subject of the image.

First measure the top and bottom of the object and both sides, and then add other verticals and horizontals.

Start with a thin horizontal line drawn through the middle of a piece of paper at eye level. Then draw a vertical line. These lines will become the focal points of your grid; use them as reference points when you begin to draw the object itself.

Gradually make your drawing more complex. First add other important verticals and horizontals, such as doors and windows; then move on to smaller details.

The role of shape in drawing

A beginning draftsman can be confused and intimidated by the complexity of a building. You may find that the finished drawing is inaccurate and that the building it depicts does not look like itself. In this case, it is useful to remember that every building consists of different geometric shapes, and there are different spatial relationships between them. And when you learn to see these shapes and their relationships, your powers of observation will improve, and with it your success in drawing.

By reducing the building to a silhouette, you can avoid being distracted by surface details. This silhouette (on the right) can be decomposed into a large square and two rectangles. Now compare it with the completed building below. Here are other sketches to help you understand how to work with the details. Compare each of them with the finished drawing.

“Dissect” as many different buildings as possible. Try to use shapes such as circles and triangles, squares and rectangles. You can draw from life or from a photograph. After some time, your eye will train and you will be able to accurately depict a building without breaking it down into basic shapes.

So, you already know how to “dissect” the silhouette of a house into flat shapes. Now take it a step further and learn how to break down any building into simple, easy-to-depict geometric shapes.

Learn to draw basic geometric shapes. The ones that will be most useful to you are cubes, cuboids (cubes with unequal faces), tubes or cylinders, prisms and pyramids. The next section on perspective tells you how to draw them from different angles. Once you've learned how to sketch a building using simple shapes, move on to drawing a hemisphere as the basis for drawing the cathedral dome.

A junior architect can easily and freely express his ideas on paper only if he knows how to draw without directly turning to nature. Completing some tasks and exercises to develop creative thinking and imagination is not enough. Only in synthesis with other educational disciplines of a special architectural and graphic direction, where the student becomes acquainted with orthogonal projection, design features of buildings, with the quests of architects in different historical eras, with the main functions of architecture, etc., will he be able to comprehend the music of frozen stone. But the main thing in this process of shaping a future specialist is the accumulation of visual impressions. A supply of vivid artistic images arises only through drawing from life. It is necessary to achieve a creatively active vision of nature, to cultivate one’s worldview and attitude towards the surrounding reality and architecture.

The initial stage of this process is through the study of architectural detail. It is known that an architectural structure has the strongest emotional and aesthetic impact on a person only in synthesis with painting and sculpture, gardening and decorative arts. By drawing plaster casts of the decorative decoration of architectural buildings, the student masters the laws of perspective construction of complex shapes, studies the plastic fundamentals and proportions of their artistic expression, constructive logic, and also improves his graphic skills. Familiarity with an architectural detail is the starting basis for drawing the entire structure during summer plein air practice - the main stage of working on an architectural drawing.

Architecture, being a human habitat, has an informational impact on his feelings. By studying the logic of the patterns of an architectural organism, the student should see a holistic image of the architectural composition in the combination of various structures, shapes and details. The ability to see not only geometric shapes and proportions, but also the position of the building in space, the general masses of architectural forms, the texture of the material, color and light and shade, connection with the environment in combination with knowledge of the principles and methods of constructive and structural drawing, skills in working with various graphic materials create fertile ground for the formation of professional qualities of a future specialist.

It is advisable to support long-term drawings of architectural and spatial forms with quick sketches and sketches. The laconicism of the sketch, the bold use of various materials and execution techniques develop the efficiency of the graphic language. When translating his creative ideas into subsequent professional activities, the student will constantly turn to quick drawing.

Execution of architectural sketches- this is the first and most important part in the drawing of the exterior of an architectural structure. The sketch is the basis for the future composition. During sketching, work is carried out on individual details of the architectural structure, its proportions, the choice of the most successful point of view and horizon line, which solves many compositional issues: a low horizon can emphasize the monumentality of the form, a high horizon is used when drawing a small structure (see Appendix 4). The distance of the point of view from the subject also greatly affects the image. The further the point of view is from the object, the calmer the perspective will be; the closer, the more distortion. The sketch also determines the scale of the structure, helps to find the correct proportions of the whole and parts, as well as environmental elements. The more carefully the sketch is made, the more accurately and better the final version of the drawing is subsequently completed.

After choosing the angle and horizon line in the sketch, you can begin lengthy work, which includes the following steps:

arrangement of images, main volumes and shapes on a sheet of paper, reduction of complex architectural forms to corresponding simple geometric ones, marking the horizon line and main perspective directions;
identifying the main parts of the building, divisions of facades, checking the correctness of the taken proportions, outlining the elements of the environment;
drawing and construction of construction details;
cut-off solution for work.

When working on a drawing of an architectural structure, a variety of graphic materials are used: graphite pencil, charcoal, sauce, sanguine, watercolor, ink and other art materials.

Drawing architecture using given orthogonal projections

The ability to depict an architectural structure (building exterior or interior) is necessary for an architect not only in the process of creative search, but also to explain his plan to customers.

The student must be able to use drawings of orthogonal projections (plans, facades, sections) to imagine the entire spatial composition and depict it in a perspective drawing.

As one of the exercises, students are asked to depict a building based on its plan and facade (sheets 92). The goal of the task is to teach the student how to construct a perspective drawing from an idea, and then from imagination. In the drawing you need to correctly convey the relationship and location of the forms indicated in the plan and other projections, their relationships.

The architecture drawing is performed in the following steps:

the point of view and the horizon line, the picture plane are selected;
on the sketches, the angle that is most advantageous for a given architectural structure is worked out;
the main volumes and composition are transferred to a large sheet, the main promising directions and the horizon line are outlined;
details of the architectural structure and the environment are being worked out;
a cut-off solution is performed, shadows are constructed, volume and foreground are revealed.

Master class on drawing an architectural monument in graphics.

Dumler Tatyana Petrovna, fine arts teacher of MAOU gymnasium No. 56 in Tomsk
Purpose: for drawing lessons, for participation in competitions, exhibitions, interior decoration or as a gift.
Target: Drawing of an architectural monument in graphics.
Tasks:
- introduce you to an outstanding architectural structure;
- teach how to consistently draw a building structure without a ruler;
- develop the ability to work with a simple pencil;
- promote the development of accuracy, attention, and hard work.
Materials: white sheet for drawing and a simple pencil (it is better to have a hard and soft one)

Today we will get acquainted with the pearl of Muslim art in India and one of the masterpieces of the world heritage, arousing universal admiration.
The Taj Mahal is the most outstanding example of Mughal architecture, combining elements of Persian, Islamic and Indian architectural styles.
It is an architectural complex whose central and iconic component is the white domed marble mausoleum. Construction began in 1632 and was completed in 1653, and thousands of artisans and craftsmen worked day and night to create this miracle. A council of architects headed by Ustad Ahmad Lakhauri worked on the construction.

The fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan left behind many remarkable architectural monuments that are associated with the image of India in the eyes of the modern world.
Shah Jahan had several wives. In 1612, he married Mumtaz Mahal (translated as "Jewel of the Palace"). Poets praised her beauty, harmony and mercy. Mumtaz became a support, love and consolation for the emperor, an inseparable companion of her husband. Over 19 years of marriage, Mumtaz gave birth to 14 children, but the last, fourteenth birth became fatal for her. Mumtaz dies.

The emperor was inconsolable in his grief. In December 1631, Shah Jahan began building a mausoleum that would match the beauty of his beloved wife. The Taj Mahal stands as a clear testament to the extreme wealth and excess of its creator. 20,000 workers toiled for 22 years to make Shah Jahan's fantasy come true. Sculptors arrived from Bukhara, calligraphers from Syria and Persia, inlay was done by craftsmen from southern India, and stonemasons came from Balochistan. Materials were brought from all over India and Central Asia.

The tomb is the architectural center of the Taj Mahal complex. This huge white marble structure stands on a square pedestal and consists of a symmetrical building with an arched doorway, topped by a large dome. The height of the structure is 74 meters including the platform, and there are 4 minarets in the corners. Decorative elements were created using various paints, plaster, stone inlays and carvings. Twenty-eight types of precious and semi-precious stones were inlaid into white marble.

And the magnificent garden adjacent to the architectural complex stretches 300 meters in length. The architects came up with raised paths that divide each of the 4 parts of the garden into 16 sunken beds. The water channel in the center of the park is lined with marble, with a reflecting pond located in the middle, between the tomb and the gate. It reflects the image of the tomb. Early sources describe a garden with an abundance of vegetation, including exquisite varieties of roses, daffodils, and hundreds of fruit trees. But over time, the Mughal empire weakened, and there was no one to guard the gardens. During the reign of the British Empire, the garden's landscaping was modified.

Practical part.

Let's draw the drawing with a simple pencil. Let's start with the horizon line, which will run through the middle of the sheet.

Let's add a parallel line, this will be the platform on which the building itself will be located. We depict the front facade in the form of a rectangle.

Let's select the central part of the facade. Let's draw two vertical lines with the same distance from the edges.

Let's add a drum and a semicircular dome.

The side facades are not completely visible; we depict them with distortion.

In the central part of the facade we draw straight lines in the form of a rectangle - this is the place for beautiful patterned decorations. Inside we draw an arch - a sick niche in front of the entrance.

At the base of the dome we will draw a stripe - a place for beautiful carved patterns. At the top of the dome is a triangular crown, which ends with a beautiful Persian-style figurine.

Let's add small turrets at the corners of the building. They are identical and symmetrical.

Let's repeat the semicircular shape of the main dome.

Let's draw identical rectangles on the wall of the front facade.

Let's draw arched openings inside. Windows are visible in these niches; let's depict them as small rectangles.

The same arch appears in the central part. Add a window and door.

Now we need to draw arched openings on the side facades. The main architectural elements of the building are depicted.

We will definitely depict the minarets - from them they called the Islamic believer to prayer. We draw two identical columns on the sides of the main building.

The minarets also display perfect symmetry. We divide each tower into three equal parts.

We draw balconies. We complete the minarets with domes.

The time has come to depict part of the garden in front of the mausoleum. Let's start with the "magic" vanishing point, which helps artists cope with the depiction of space. From the point we draw the first two lines going down the picture (water channel).

Let's draw two more lines very close to the first ones. The distance between the lines increases slightly towards the bottom (We depicted the height of the marble banks). Another pair of lines along the outside is drawn from the point (We represent paths and lawns).

To draw the trees growing along the water channel, we will draw auxiliary lines from the vanishing point.

The height of the trees in our drawing is different, since we depict those trees that grow closer to us large, and we depict those trees that grow far from us as small. We draw trees in an oval shape.

The building is reflected in the water and we have to depict the reflection. Now we can say that the line drawing is complete!

Let's proceed to the second part of working on the drawing. We tint with a hard pencil. For the sky, select horizontal shading.

Both the Taj Mahal and the minarets are made of white marble, which means that the structures should remain the lightest in the picture. Having chosen which side the sun shines from, we can add a light shadow on the other side of the buildings.

We show the shadow on the towers with vertical strokes, and make the balconies darker. On all domes we show a shadow that smoothly turns into lighter colors.

The central part of the building is tinted differently. The large rectangle is the lightest; we put almost no pressure on the pencil. We make the arch-niche a little darker. And we paint the window and door in a darker tone. We paint the side parts of the center of the building in the same way.

Once the side arches are tinted, you can begin painting the reflection. The difficulty is that everything needs to be repeated exactly with the selected tones of the building itself.

We shade the surface of the pool in a horizontal direction, the tone is slightly darker than the sky.

When shading the marble “shores” it is important to show volume. We paint the upper surface of the bank with light horizontal shading, and the depth is tinted with darker shading. Let's add vertical bright strokes to indicate volume and height.

All that remains is to work with the vegetation. We do the grass with intermittent strokes, varying the pressure on the pencil.

Learn to draw your dream home with step-by-step instructions.

Every person has his dream home - that ideal place where he and his family would feel warm and comfortable. Many people try for many years to find one. They say that a wish will come true faster if you put it in some kind of material form. Draw the house of your dreams and, perhaps, very soon you will actually live in it.

How to draw a beautiful house of your dreams with a pencil step by step?

Your dream home can be completely different:

like a castle
small and cozy, in a rustic or Provencal style
high-tech, “stuffed” with modern smart technology
futuristic

But, definitely, he must be beautiful and well-groomed.

To begin with, let's try to draw a small and cozy one-story house. Like actual architectural construction, it must begin with planning.

The construction plan is drawn up carefully, using a ruler, so before starting the sketch, you need to stock up on:

ruler
pencil
rubber band
compass (possibly)
any other drawing supplies

Make an initial sketch - an ordinary rectangle, to which you can then add what you need - another floor, or several floors, a veranda, exterior details, etc.
A house must have a foundation!
Using straight lines, you can plan where there will be walls for rooms, attic spaces, doors, windows, fireplace or chimney.
When it comes to drawing the roof, make the rectangle into some other shape, such as making the roof lines slightly trimmed. A beautifully designed roof will give almost 50% of the success to the beauty of your dream home.
When you design the roof, draw it as if it were covered with tiles. Tile roofs look very, very beautiful. And how many songs and romantic stories are associated with the roofs of houses!!! The attic or attic of a house can be highlighted by drawing it as if it were made of boards.
The next stage is the details of the house elements. You will need to draw windows, doors, door handles.
Design the foundation as if it were laid with good masonry. Such houses look very attractive.
Now move on to drawing the finer details of the house, shading, shading, etc.
Place trees, flowers, shrubs around the house, let the cat rest in the sun, and let the dog live in the kennel; if anyone loves animals, he will not refuse such an idyll near his dream house.

Dream house in pencil: step 1

Dream house in pencil: step 2.

Dream house in pencil: step 3.

Dream house in pencil: step 4.

Dream house in pencil: step 5.

Striving for more? Draw a two-story house - a townhouse, in which your large family can live under one roof!

The house is built, and built, and painted from the bottom up. Sketch the first floor. Think about what the roof will be like. In this case, it is gable.
Next, sketch out the second floor. For beauty, it should not completely duplicate the first one.
Draw the architectural elements - cornices and columns, a canopy over the porch, as well as windows.
Detail the drawing - draw window frames, shutters on the windows. Add volume to the roof with several smooth, symmetrical lines.
Draw the front door. Don't forget the door handle.
To the right of the porch, draw a veranda with columns.
Design a “garden plot” - draw several neat bushes and trees near the house.

Two-story house in pencil: step 1.

Two-story house in pencil: step 2.

Two-story house in pencil: step 3.

Two-story house in pencil: step 4.

Two-story house in pencil: step 5.

Two-story house in pencil.

VIDEO: How to draw a house?

My dream house, the house of the future: drawing

If you decide to draw a futuristic house, you can forget about symmetry. The most daring ideas are welcome:

multi-level
windows of different shapes
unusual roofs

Dream house from the future pencil drawing.

Futuristic house.

Modern dream house.

Pencil drawings of beautiful houses VIDEO: Drawing lessons. Learn to draw a House

Look at the illustration for this chapter. Fantastic! This is a great exercise for practicing more advanced levels of angular perspective drawing. Practice is the key to successful drawing because it is almost impossible to learn and master new skills without intense, regular practice. Whatever it is: music, languages, reading, sports, and especially drawing... to master a skill and enjoy it, practice is necessary!

1. Easily draw a long horizon line across the entire piece of paper. Place two arch points.

2. Draw four vertical lines to represent the near corners of the four buildings. Please note that I have only two lines, both below and above relative to the horizon line.

3. Start with the building on the left. Easily connect the vault points to the top of the building. Notice that the bottom of the building is hidden behind the horizon, it is out of sight, hidden from your view.

4. Do the same with the next building to the right. Easily draw a guide line from the top and bottom of the building.

5. Repeat this process on all subsequent buildings, using vertical lines.

6. Next, using the overlap rule, draw the far right building, hiding it behind the nearest one.

7. Draw a few additional vertical lines from the tops of other buildings to create the illusion of depth to feel like you're in a crowded cityscape.

8. Now erase all the extra lines.

9. Easily draw guides to create the roofs of the buildings. Decide where you want the bottom edge of the building to be and draw a vertical line. This will create the near corner of the building.

10. Indicate the thickness of the building with two vertical lines.

11. Use a square to draw light guide lines from the rear right corner of the roof.

Do the same on the other side, and voila, you have a slightly open trapezoid. Now you can understand why you practiced drawing trapezoids so much in the previous lessons. The trapezoid is a perfect example of how angular perspective works. You can draw in 3D without understanding angular perspective, just like you can drive a car without understanding how a motor works, or use a computer without knowing how it works. However, understanding angular perspective opens up completely new ideas about the creative possibilities of your future drawings.

12. Start drawing the next skyscraper from the center vertical line.

Using a square, lightly draw guide lines to create the roof. For this exercise, let's just draw our buildings so tall that they drop below our field of view. Simply draw all the vertical lines for these buildings all the way to the bottom of the paper.

13. Draw vertical lines to determine the width of the building and connect the corners to the vault points to create the roof.

14. Draw all the remaining buildings, repeating this technique over and over again.

15. Determine the position of the light source and shade all surfaces opposite. Please note that you need to especially clearly highlight where one building overlaps another by applying “secret” shadows. This dark border that separates objects from each other is a very important tool that almost every illustrator uses. Now that you know what to look for, try to find one illustration in a magazine or comic that doesn't use this technique to separate objects.

LESSON 26: PRACTICAL TASK

This is a very interesting and fun hands-on activity: go online and find pictures of Neuschwanstein Castle (this is the romantic castle of the Bavarian King Louis II), a famous castle in Germany.

This castle is considered the inspiration for Cinderella's Castle in the Disneyland theme parks and the logo on Disney films you may have seen in the theater or on DVD. Look through several photos of Neuschwanstein Castle until you find one you like. Make sure to choose one where the horizon line or eye level is at the bottom of the castle and all the peaks reach towards the sky above eye level.

Print and place this image on a piece of cardboard, again making sure it is larger than the image itself by three inches on each side.

Use a ruler, black fine point pen, or soft sharpened pencil to find and draw the horizon line in the photo. Now draw a guide line from the highest point of the lock to determine the position of the vanishing points. Continue drawing guides from each corner you can see in the photo, connecting them at the arch points.

Notice how all the windows on each side of the main building are lined up under the dark roof angles, jutting spiers and windows. Look, even the smallest side of the castle and the tallest watchtower are in line with the vault point.

That's all for today! Share your work on