Projects of houses in the Russian style. Who, who lives in the little house: houses in pseudo-Russian style Country house neo-Russian style

Art Nouveau, as an architectural style, originated in Europe. It did not receive final formalization in its homeland and developed individually in each state, including Russia, absorbing elements of one or another national culture. In Russia, it became an independent, special movement that left its mark on both architecture, painting, and sculpture.

Initially, Art Nouveau was conceived as a style for rich private estates, mansions and villas. However, along with the simplification of the techniques used in early modernity, it was increasingly used in the construction of public buildings and apartment buildings. But both a century ago and today, Russian Art Nouveau is a sign of luxury and prosperity. In the last century, famous masters worked on the orders of wealthy people who gravitated towards spectacular solutions in architecture.

Today, more and more often, our architects, when developing the design of the facade of country cottages, turn to the theme of Art Nouveau. The reason is quite understandable: the creative ambitions of the author of the project can be fully realized in accordance with the characteristic features of the style in private housing construction. Every Art Nouveau house is a work of art.

"Pseudo-Russian style"

This direction is characterized by free variation of ancient Russian architectural techniques, closely intertwined with European modernist features. Among the Russian architects who worked in the Russian or, as it was later called, “pseudo-Russian” style, Ivan Ropet stands out, having studied medieval Russian architecture like no one else. At the end of the 19th century, Savva Mamontov invites him to his estate. Here Ropet is building a bathhouse-teremok - a one-story building with a mezzanine, a carved porch, a hipped roof, covered with red lead and painted “checkered”.

The massive chest roof combines surprisingly easily with tiny windows and a low door hidden behind a steep porch. The log house is emphatically massive.

During his practical activities, the architect created many extraordinary structures. Most often these were examples of “terems” with Russian decorative patterns, lancet windows and wooden turrets, carved platbands - an interpretation of Russian national motifs. Some of the estates of Ropeta's hand are abandoned today, many have already been completely destroyed or burned down.

The Sazonov estate in Ostashevo (Chukhloma district, Kostroma region), built by Ropet, is one of those that can still be saved. An elegant wooden structure with a multi-tiered roof, lavishly decorated with carved elements, with rounded outlines of Art Nouveau.

Today, it is especially recommended to adopt the techniques of the “Ropetov” style when building a wooden house - decorating it with galleries, loggias, terraces, using processed smooth or rough unhewn beams and logs for the facade. Natural wood can be replaced with artificial materials that imitate wood. This will not only make the structure lighter, but will also extend its life. The central facade can be decorated with tiles or panels, roof slopes, shutters and platbands - with patterned saw carvings (“towels”, “valances”, and so on).

“Teremok” from Flenovo, authored by the famous “storyteller” Malyutin. The main decoration is a window with rich wooden carvings based on epics.

A “Russian tower” can be created using brickwork. The building may have one or several floors, with triangular pediments and crenellations along the facade, with helmet-shaped turrets, like churches. Various materials are perfectly combined, patterned fragments - majolica inserts, large panels with floral patterns - fit organically into the style.

The ornament against the background of a brick wall is a bright and original element.

Tiled patterned frieze.

Northern modern

The main distinguishing feature of Russian “northern” modernism was the combination of different textures within one context. In addition, St. Petersburg modernism has always gravitated more towards the European direction than, say, Moscow.

Here, Art Nouveau buildings almost everywhere have a classic look. As a rule, houses were built in St. Petersburg with several outbuildings of different heights and configurations, with windows differing in shape and size. The buildings looked monumental, had massive doors and portals, rounded bay windows and sharp-angled roofs, and were finished with raw stone. At the same time, the smooth curved lines characteristic of Art Nouveau, plastic and graphic decor and facade can be seen everywhere. The decoration includes motifs of northern nature, fauna, and heroes of mythological stories. Forged, ceramic and sculptural elements can be found in the general appearance of the houses.

Monotonously gray tones, a massive facade, seamlessly connected into a single monolith, decor in the form of bird figures, windows of different sizes and original relief plaster “to resemble a fur coat”. True northern modern.

Often the appearance of a house echoes other styles - Gothic, Romanesque. There is practically no multicolor, a minimum of decorative excesses are used - mainly bas-reliefs of the Scandinavian type. In northern modernism, the sharpness of the stylization of motifs of medieval and folk architecture clearly appears. Graphics and restraint coexist with original techniques, such as, for example, in the mansion of the ballerina Kshesinskaya built by A. Gauguin - a convex capsule-shaped window of the winter garden, uniting the space of the mansion with the outside world.

The Kshesinskaya mansion on Kronverksky Prospekt is a large building with a unique winter garden window.

The mansion of S.N. Chaev is an example of St. Petersburg Art Nouveau with a combination of brick, granite, plaster and majolica tiles in the façade decoration. The corner entrance is decorated with narrow windows located diagonally and bas-reliefs of antique themes.

Rear facade of Chaev's mansion. The rotunda of the winter garden echoes the Kshesinskaya mansion and allows us to talk about the influence of A. Gauguin on the work of its creator, architect V. Apyshkov.

Along with northern Art Nouveau, classical European Art Nouveau was also used in private construction in St. Petersburg. It contains notes of half-timbered wood and “castle” types of structures.

Dacha Gauswald on Kamenny Island in St. Petersburg is considered the first building in Russia erected in the Art Nouveau style. Most of the building is made of wood, the façade is plastered and finished with wooden beams in the half-timbered style. The attached turret is made of stone. The asymmetry of the silhouette is emphasized, the broken line of the portals and roof, the wooden terraces are decorated with stone pillars, the base is made of rubble slabs.

Moscow style

He can be called romantic, and the main architect, of course, was Shekhtel with his extraordinary approach to the planning of buildings. The best example of early Russian Art Nouveau in Moscow is the Ryabushinsky mansion on Malaya Nikitskaya. There is a free asymmetry in the layout: each of the facades is arranged in a special way, generally forming a composition in the form of ledges. The cornice is very forward, bay windows and balconies protrude unevenly beyond the walls. The floral pattern is repeated along the entire perimeter, ceramic tiles are used in the decoration, and colored stained glass is used in the windows. Street fencing and balcony frames create a unified style.

An airy, bright and spacious house that creates a romantic mood. The ceramic tiles on the façade are crowned with a majolica belt with images of irises, delicate tones are chosen, and the rooms are clearly visible behind the unequal windows.

One of the best works of Lev Kekushev. Mindovsky's house on Povarskaya has remained virtually unchanged since its construction.

Ding's mansion in Sokolniki. There is an abundant ribbon pattern of stucco, the windows are decorated with mosaic panels, and there is also a place for carved wooden panels on the gable.

Russian modern today

Modernism is called a “fleeting” movement; it arose quite unexpectedly, was not taken seriously for some time, and the time of its “reign” expired quite quickly. It came to Russia from Europe with a serious delay, and the period of its existence can be limited to literally fifteen years. It was difficult to integrate into any single format and contained many borrowed elements. Contemporary Russian Art Nouveau can increasingly be observed in suburban construction, which means that the Art Nouveau of the last century left a significant imprint on our history. Indeed, the scope, breadth, organicity and fluidity of modernism are suitable for the revival of the construction of private residences.

An example of elegant Russian wooden modernism of the 21st century. Plastic ornamentation of wooden elements, carefully and tastefully selected colors and textures, hand-made products - impressive and unusual.

Modern architecture in Art Nouveau style. Roundness and ductility of shapes, forged parts, stucco molding, large area glazing. Brick, stone slabs for the plinth, smooth and textured plaster were used in the construction. Above the doors and windows of an unconventional shape with wooden frames is a panel with a natural landscape. Natural, warm shades of colors.

So, what are the basic techniques for buildings in the Russian Art Nouveau style today?

A bold combination of different materials in one design, selected according to the color scheme. Log houses, brick mansions, stone buildings; often a mixture of types.
The presence of elements characteristic of Russian architecture - patterned carved frames, shutters, turrets on the roof. The building may resemble a Russian tower, a fairytale house.
Balconies and porches are decorated with forged patterns. The windows are large, with possible continuous glazing of the walls and stained glass. The facades are decorated with stucco and stone bas-reliefs, there are many loggias, galleries, stairs, and terraces. Door and window openings are complex oval in shape.
Above the entrance and along the perimeter of the walls there are mosaic tile belts, patterned friezes and majolica panels.
The general style is fluidity, softness, curvilinear outlines, lack of strict symmetries, and necessarily harmony with the landscape surrounding the house.

Look in our facade database.

In our catalog, house designs in the Russian estate style take pride of place. This is explained by the growing interest in log housing construction, and logically leads to the revival of half-forgotten elements of ancient Russian architecture. Our ancestors knew how to create fabulous masterpieces from wood.

Despite the absolute external dissimilarity of each house in the catalog, they can still be divided into two large groups. One includes projects of classic Russian manor houses, the second includes ethnic stylizations such as “fairy-tale mansions”.

Russian style estate project

This concept usually includes a traditional, often one-story, residential building, or rather, a complex of wooden buildings along with a bathhouse, an outbuilding, a fence and a gate, forming an entire “yard.” Modern projects use several techniques of traditional Russian architecture.

Log houses can be assembled from logs of different diameters, laid “butt to top”.
Multi-tiered roofs of various shapes - “chest”, acute-angled, 4-pitch.
The gables are made from the same logs as the walls - there is a feeling that they stand “by themselves”, without any support (“males”).
Characteristic are peculiar “bay windows” - half of a hexagonal “drum” protruding beyond the wall.
Wooden carvings are the hallmark of the house. The porch, platbands, and overhanging edges of the roof are richly decorated with figured elements.
Open galleries “gulbishcha”, small cozy balconies are supported on carved wooden columns.

A characteristic feature of Russian houses is individuality. Each of them is unique, expressing the taste and wealth of the owners of the house. In a modern interpretation, a cottage can be built from brick in the Russian style, or with combined stone walls. The combination of materials of different textures gives the building a new look, while maintaining all the charm of a wooden frame.

Traditional house in Russian Terem style

The first wave of interest in medieval Russian architecture arose in the 19th century, and the “pseudo-Russian style” arose on its crest. Of the house designs of Russian architects of that period, the works of Ivan Ropet, who built many “mansions” with multi-tiered turrets and carved patterns, have survived. Among the techniques of the 18th century, two stand out that can give a wooden house a particularly “fairy-tale look.”

Russian chalet is a building with a log house that expands upward due to a gradual increase in the output of crowns (“fall”). They formed a cornice on which the roof was laid, the overhangs of which could be significantly increased. Nowadays this is a rare technique; modern houses of this type are rather a stylization on the theme of a chalet.
A log house “in the oglo” is a connection of logs in the corners of a log house with the remainder (remember the house of “Baba Yaga”). The project of a tower in the Old Russian style in our catalog includes such rare elements: figured columns with carvings, a hexagonal glazed “lantern”.

All house designs developed by us in the Russian estate style are accompanied by a full package of architectural and constructive solutions. The attached specification of materials facilitates the work of builders and ensures that the building being constructed complies with the technical plan.

We present to you an exclusive project in the neo-Russian style using motifs of ancient Russian architecture and the Art Nouveau era.

“Modern”, as an architectural style, originated in Europe and appeared in Russia at the end of the 19th century. Departing from the classical canons of previous eras, this style was originally intended for wealthy private estates, mansions and dachas, and was a sign of wealth and luxury for wealthy people who represented a new developing class.

Representatives of the emerging class played a significant role in the emergence of such a magnificent variety of architectural solutions. Having become individual customers, merchants and industrialists wanted to get an extraordinary and spectacular solution for their home. If we add to this the creative searches and ambitions of the architects of that era, it becomes clear why “Modern”, along with the emergence of new principles, also implies a mixture of certain architectural styles and the use of methods from different movements.

It is worth noting that prominent architects who were outstanding masters of their style worked for the clients of that era.

In Russian Art Nouveau, different directions were visible, one of which is the national version. Architects of this trend often turned to the historical heritage of Russian masters, changing the national forms of ancient Russian architecture to their taste.

Sketch of the facade of a winter country house.
Fifth year student O.I. Livchak

The cottage that we present to you was created by the architect as a variation on the theme of the Neo-Russian style, with his own interpretation of ancient Russian motifs.

However, when developing the facades of this building, the architect, with love and understanding, used a number of stylistic features inherent in Northern, Moscow and European Art Nouveau. An asymmetrical picturesque composition of the facades, cladding of different textures and colors, a bay window as the dominant architectural element, a gable roof, an ornament using circles, windows with bevels of different shapes, all these motifs are organically intertwined in the architecture of this estate.

Architects Vladimir Chagin and Vasily Schone" class="zoomable"> alt=" Gauswald Dacha, Kamenny Island, St. Petersburg 1898
Architects Vladimir Chagin and Vasily Schone"> !}
Dacha Gauswald, Kamenny Island, St. Petersburg 1898
Architects Vladimir Chagin and Vasily Schone.

But a very special flavor is given to the image of the building by some details from ancient Russian architecture from the time of the Russian Pattern of the 17th century. This style was famous for its lush compositions, picturesque silhouettes of buildings and a wealth of decorative elements. Churches, chambers and palaces made in this style can be found in Moscow and the Moscow region.

A striking element of the pattern used in this project is the luxurious porch, which, according to the rules of style, is well marked with figured semi-columns and a high stylobate with a large number of steps. The descent to the boiler room, located on the ground floor, is decorated with an arcade on box-shaped columns, and is similar in appearance to the gulbische, which was a part of a Russian private house or temple.

In the upper tier of the cottage one can clearly see the motifs of wooden dacha (provincial) modernism, in which echoes of ancient Russian architecture were often visible. This pseudo-Russian style appeared before the revolution as a result of the degeneration of Russian wooden architecture, at a time when estates, city houses and dachas came to the fore in construction.

In the roof gables there is a decorative carved filling reminiscent of a kokoshnik (in Russian church architecture of the 16th-17th centuries there is a false keel-shaped or semicircular zakomara).

The presence of a tower in the overall composition is also a frequent technique of Art Nouveau, which was used to give romanticism and a picturesque silhouette to the entire building. The massive multi-level roof, made with a characteristic break at the base, is contrastingly emphasized by a wooden relief frieze with a cross-shaped decor. A soft transition from the roof overhangs to the wall was achieved thanks to massive shaped brackets, which visually combined the light plastered walls of the facade and the wooden lining of the roof.

All these details, thanks to the efforts of a modern architect, were organically combined into a single pictorial composition, and the study of this project allowed us to plunge into different historical and architectural eras of Russia. And once again understand what a rich architectural and artistic heritage lies in the monuments of Russian architecture, and knowledge and careful study of the works of ancient architects will certainly give inspiration to modern designers!

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the fashion for historicism - the Russian style, sometimes flavored, like a spicy seasoning, with the even more relevant Art Nouveau style, gave Russian architecture a number of amazing mansions in a fairy-tale style. We study together with Sofia Bagdasarova.

Teremok-sauna

The Abramtsevo estate, which belonged to the Mamontov philanthropists (today here museum), during this period it was a real cauldron in which artistic life was in full swing. Abramtsevo circle (Polenov, Serov , Vasnetsov , Vrubel, Nesterov and many others) invented the Russian style and embodied it in local workshops. There are many stylized buildings in the estate - a “hut on chicken legs”, a workshop (with wooden carvings), the Church of the Savior (in the style of Pskov churches), but we are interested in the “bathhouse-teremok”, built in 1877–1878 according to the design of Ivan Ropet. Under the roof, painted “checkered”, there are dim windows, cornices and ridges, decorated with wooden carvings... Subsequently, the architect created many projects for wooden dachas, and this style even received the nickname “Ropetovism”.

Abramtsevo Estate

Teremok-school

The Talashkino estate of Princess Maria Tenisheva, one of the most amazing women of this era, everything is arranged in Russian style. It is not for nothing that here in the workshops founded by the princess they were engaged in the revival of crafts. Today the Teremok complex in Flenovo is museum, and originally it housed an agricultural school, founded by a generous mistress for peasant children. The log building on a brick foundation was erected according to the design of the artist Sergei Malyutin in 1901–1902. On the main facade there is a rich carving: in the center - the Firebird, above it - the sun, around - skates, flowers, leaves. The log house at the base level is supported by scaly Gorynychi Snakes.

Talashkino Estate

Teremok with a bat

Sergey Malyutin also became the author apartment building of Pyotr Nikolaevich Pertsov on Prechistenskaya embankment, next to Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. The building was built in 1905–1907. This was already a city house, moreover, intended for rent, so logs were not suitable here - brick and patterned majolica with pagan Slavic symbols and fairy-tale characters were used. The walls housed the owners’ own home, the Pertsovs, apartments for rent and artist’s workshops, and in 1908–1910 the Moscow Art Theater cabaret “The Bat” was located in the basement. Today the house belongs to the Russian Foreign Ministry.

Teremok with easel

Moscow house of artist Viktor Vasnetsov- an example of what happens when a person of art comes up with his own home.

Vasnetsov began building a building for his family with a spacious and bright workshop in 1894 with the help of professional architect Vasily Bashkirov. Attached to the main, quite ordinary whitewashed brick building is a tower with a barrel roof. It has patterned windows with molded frames and melon columns, and along the façade there are glazed tiles with floral patterns. The interiors in the house have been preserved from the time of the artist’s life; in the studio there are his paintings - “The Sleeping Princess”, “Flying Carpet” and others. Today this building is the House-Museum of Viktor Vasnetsov, a branch of the Tretyakov Gallery.

Teremok with stuffed animals

The former mansion of Pyotr Ivanovich Shchukin in Moscow - now. This house was built in 1893–1898 by architects Boris Freidenberg, Adolf Erichson and Vasily Bashkirov, and in 1905 Fyodor Kolbe erected a one-story building nearby for a museum warehouse. The fact is that under Shchukin the building was also a museum, but not a biological one, but a historical one - “Russian Antiquities”. In 1905, Shchukin donated a collection of more than 300 thousand items to the Historical Museum, and until his death in 1912 he remained its custodian. After his death, the exhibits were transported to the main building of the State Historical Museum - the mansion was empty for some time.

Teremok theater

Modern Theater of Nations is located in the building of the famous theater of the 19th century - the private Korsch Theater. It was built in 1885 according to the design of Mikhail Chichagov with private donations (including from Alexander Bakhrushin). The facade, as expected within the style, was decorated with all sorts of platbands, belts, fly niches, and tiles. Chichagov generally began to specialize in theatrical buildings: for example, in 1888 in Samara he built another “tower”, which, by the way, was also called a “gingerbread house” (nowadays