Man and culture, real and imaginary culture. The process of familiarization with culture, the values ​​of human society, and knowledge about the world accumulated by previous generations is called

Tatyana Karabina
Socialization is the process of familiarization with the values ​​and norms accepted in society

A child raised in a family where his parents are personal models receives preparation for subsequent social roles : woman or man, wife or husband, mother or father. In addition, it is quite strong social pressure. Children are typically praised for gender-appropriate behavior and reprimanded for gender-appropriate behavior. opposite sex. Proper sex education of a child, the formation of feelings accessories to one's own gender constitute one of the foundations further development their personalities. Parents, the first educators, have the strongest influence on children. Still J. -J. Rousseau argued that each subsequent educator has less influence on the child than the previous one. Parents are prior to everyone the rest: kindergarten teacher, teacher primary classes and subject teachers. They are given an advantage by nature in raising children. From the first days after birth, when the child is still helpless and needs basic care, he learns parental intonations, perceives emotional atmosphere, learn to appreciate beauty. Responsibility for upbringing is not removed and the need for family education and subsequent (adolescence, teenage and youth) years. The expression “my home is my castle” well expresses the idea that a healthy, non-conflict family is the most reliable support, the best refuge, where you can at least temporarily hide from all the worries of the outside world, relax and restore your strength. The child's direct experience acquired in the family, at a young age, sometimes becomes the only criterion for a child’s attitude towards the world around him and people.

Family - as an institution of education and primary personality socialization was, is and will be. The family implements functions that no other structural unit can do. society unable to perform. For a person to become a creature public, requires long the process of his socialization. AND historical experience convinces, the role of the family is so great. Thus, we can say that the family performs the function socialization of the individual. What a family can give to a person, no other institution can give.

Publications on the topic:

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Raising children to respect the moral values ​​of the family Klochkova G. I. Petrus V. V. Shvachko E. Yu. BDOU Omsk “Child Development Center - Kindergarten No. 356” “Children’s Education careful attitude.

Autism in family and society Autism... In today's socially oriented times, the concept is very common, if not “fashionable”. A lot of public people...

Our children live in the twenty-first century. This is the time of the advanced innovative technologies and computerization. As they say now - “a step.

Report “The role of education in modern society” According to the Universal Declaration human rights children have the right to special care and assistance. The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees the state.

Currently, Russia is going through one of the difficult historical periods. And the greatest danger facing our society today.

Gender education as one of the conditions for the successful socialization of children in modern society The entry of the domestic education system into the global educational space requires a review of the education of boys and girls, taking into account.

Let’s solve several tasks to review the first block “Society”.

A1. A community of persons united by needs and interests that can be best satisfied only through joint efforts and joint activities is called:

1. conglomerate
2. society
3. system
4. queue

Let's talk.

What's happened conglomerate? A chaotic crowd of faces. We know that in society all processes are ordered by SOCIAL RELATIONS, any phenomenon is reflected on others, there is no chaos in society. Answer 1 not true.

System? We do not see such terms as institution, elements, subsystems, therefore no.

Queue? Everyday characteristics are not applicable to such a complex definition. Wrong.

So, by the method of elimination - SOCIETY! The definition is correct, respectively correct answer 2.

A2. The process of familiarization with the values ​​of human society, knowledge about the world accumulated by previous generations is called

1. science
2. art
3. education
4. creativity

We think. It's about about the spiritual sphere.

The science– creating new knowledge, rather than introducing old knowledge, is not suitable!

Art- a form of aesthetic development of the surrounding world; it is difficult to call it an introduction to knowledge. Rather, it is a form of creativity, creating something new.

Creation– this is a characteristic of any human activity!

And here EDUCATION suitable, because at school we receive what has already been discovered before us and known knowledge. Correct answer 3.

A3. Are the following judgments about social progress true?

A. Modern ideas about social progress confirm its inconsistency.

B. The concepts of “progress” and “regression” are relative.

1. only A is correct
2. only B is correct
3. A and B are correct
4. both judgments are wrong

Let us remember that what is good and useful for one society is bad for another. The development of one culture may disrupt traditional way another. Really, progress is a contradictory phenomenon. That's right.

Conventionality is a similar characteristic; progress easily turns into regression. For example, leading countries built their power on the robbery of colonies - weak countries for which this enslavement was an unconditional regression. So, B it is truth too. Answer 3.

A4. Unlike nature, society

1. is a system
2. is in development
3. acts as a creator of culture
4. develops according to its own laws

Let's reason!

Both nature and society - systems, developing according to their own laws ( linear development according to Marx, for example, evolution). Option 1 not true.

Nature is also like society, is in development. The disappearance of some species and the appearance of others is a characteristic feature. Society is also characterized by dynamics. Some institutions die out (blood feud), others appear (the state). 2 not true.

Creates culture? Yes! Only society creates culture - it is its distinctive feature!

Development according to its own laws has already been said.

Option 3 is correct.

A5. Are the following statements about the process of globalization correct?
A. All global processes are a consequence of increased international contacts.
B. The development of mass communication makes the modern world holistic.

1. only A is correct
2. only B is correct
3. A and B are correct
4. both judgments are wrong

We immediately pay attention to the marker ALL. Such exclusionary language usually suggests that the option not true(ONLY, NONE, NEVER, ANY). Society is such a complex phenomenon that any processes and causes are possible in it. Also, global processes can be determined by global problems and technical development. But that's not true!

Formulation B correct, indeed, the Internet (a means of mass communication) allows you to communicate with people on the other side of the world, connects the world.

Correct answer 2.

Thus, we briefly repeated the first block “Society”!.

4) noble

A6. An example of the influence of natural factors on the development of society is

1) construction of pyramids in Ancient Egypt

2) the emergence of ancient centers of civilization in the valleys of large rivers

3) agricultural successes due to the construction of irrigation systems

4) pollution of the oceans

A7. Both society and nature

1) are dynamic systems

2) are created in the process of purposeful human activity

3) develop independently of people’s consciousness

4) are in the nature of closed systems

A8. The process of familiarization with culture, the values ​​of human society, and knowledge about the world accumulated by previous generations is called

1) science 2) art 3) education 4) creativity

Find and indicate a term that refers to another concept.
Social norm, justice, state coercion, good and evil, public opinion, conscience and duty, moral values.

3. Establish a correspondence between the forms of culture and the examples illustrating them: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

EXAMPLES
A) bestseller
B) computer game
B) jokes
D) concert classical music
D) harvest festival
E) epic tales

FORMS OF CULTURE
1) folk
2) massive
3) elitist
4) screen

4. Find in the given list the characteristic features that distinguish science from art
1) reflects the world in images
2) requires a strict system of evidence
3) has an emotional impact
4) hypotheses are put forward
5) individual facts are analyzed and summarized

5. Read the text below, each position of which is numbered.
(1) Modern science is involved in the process of social management. (2) It seems that today none of the social processes should be carried out without scientific research and recommendations from scientists. (3) The complexity of modern society and its inconsistency force scientists to study and calculate every step, every decision. (4) Other behavior, undoubtedly, can lead to catastrophic and destructive consequences.
Determine which provisions of the text are
1) factual nature
2) the nature of value judgments

6. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing.
The peculiarity of man that distinguishes him from all other living beings is the ability to think, to create in his brain _____(A) of the world around us. We learn about this world, establish connections between objects and phenomena, and through this knowledge we learn to live, navigate in time and space. Some scientists even talk about curiosity,________(B) as an innate human need.
In science, knowledge is understood as a special _______
(B), as a result of which people acquire knowledge about various objects.
Cognition is
(G) creative activity a person, aimed at forming his knowledge about the world, on the basis of which images, ideas and motives for further behavior arise. In the process of cognition, reality is reproduced in people's minds.
As a rule, only the search process is called cognition
________(D), and its result is called knowledge. Knowledge
- having received confirmation and justification for________ (E) knowledge of reality, its correct reflection in human thinking.
Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted into the spaces. The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Remember that there are more words in the list than you need to select.
Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap.
1) need
2) truth
3) cognitive instinct
4) process
5) activity
6) result
7) ideal images
8) objectivity
9) subject
Please note that the spaces are numbered. The table below shows the space numbers. Write down under each number the number that represents the word you chose in the list.

Worldview of the individual

The human worldview is in constant development. It can change significantly under the influence of discoveries in the field of natural and humanities. However, despite all his most profound changes in worldview, some constant component remains. Ultimately, it represents the worldview position of an individual: religious or atheistic, based on scientific or pseudoscientific knowledge, etc.

Structurally, a worldview includes two relatively independent parts: worldview (worldview0 and worldview. Worldview is associated with a person’s ability to cognize the world at a sensory-visual level, i.e. at the level of images, including artistic ones. And in this sense, it determines emotional mood person: enthusiasm or despondency, optimistic or pessimistic attitude towards life, friendliness or hostility towards others, etc.

Unlike worldview, worldview is formed on the basis of the process and results of cognitive and practical activities person. In this regard, its main elements are true knowledge and misconceptions, the practice of the person himself and society.

Knowledge of the worldview is that it is the basis for the formation of a person’s interests and needs, his system value orientations, and therefore the motives of activity.

Dobrynina V.I. Worldview, its role in modern world.

what two parts (two structural elements) does the worldview structure include?

correlate the types of worldviews you know with the structural elements of a worldview?

As a rule, a person’s worldview can be determined by the concepts, terms and expressions that he uses. For example, the following conceptual set may be characteristic of the worldview: faith, loneliness, vital impulse. For understanding the world there is such a set: pattern, evidence, social system. Give two examples of concepts and terms that characterize two structural elements of the worldview highlighted in the text by the author.

Do we recognize a dog because we first saw its fur?
four legs, eyes, ears, etc., or do we recognize these parts because
Did you see the dog first? This problem is whether recognition begins with
parts of the pattern (the whole “picture”), which only serves
basis for recognizing the whole (“bottom up”), or is it
begins with putting forward a hypothesis about the whole that allows it
identify, and then identify its constituent parts (“from above
down) - called the "analytic paradox".

Some theorists... have suggested that, given certain
circumstances, recognition of parts and the whole can occur
simultaneously in the direction from bottom to top and from top to bottom...

In different contexts we expect to see certain objects.
In the doctor's office we find a stethoscope, in the kitchen there is a dining room
silver, a typewriter in the office, and a fire hydrant outside. It seems,
that "knowledge of the world" somehow facilitates identification
objects in familiar contexts and interferes with their identification in inappropriate ones
contexts...

One hypothesis about how patterns and shapes are recognized is
is called “comparison with the standard”... According to this idea of
recognition during the acquisition process life experience, we have
a huge number of standards are formed, each of which is associated with
some meaning. Thus, visual recognition, for example,
geometric figure occurs as follows: light energy,
emanating from this figure affects the retina of the eye and is transformed
into nervous energy that is transmitted to the brain. Search in progress
among the available standards. If there is a standard that matches
neural pattern, the person recognizes that pattern. After matching
object with its standard can be further processed
information and interpretation of the object.
1) What is the essence of the analytical paradox? 2) Try to depict individual parts of a human face. Is it easy
are they recognized if we relate them to the whole - the face? What a thought
fragment illustrated by this example?

Social studies, 10th grade

answers

1. Choose the correct answer and write it in the table at the end of the task block

1. creation of the Slavic alphabet
2. slash-and-burn agriculture of the Eastern Slavs
3. collection of tribute by the prince from subject tribes
4. writing a code of laws “Russian Truth”

1. It is typical for a traditional society

1. long existence of the community
2. broad participation of the people in public life
3. employment of the bulk of the population in the service sector
4. recognition of individual rights and freedoms as the main value.

1. The process of familiarization with culture, the values ​​of human society, and knowledge about the world accumulated by previous generations is called

1. science
2. art
3. education
4. creativity

1. Required for artistic creativity

1. desire for an accurate reflection of reality
2. simplicity of the work's form
3. work in a creative team
4. use of figurative and symbolic means

1. To what sphere of social life do artistic creativity and scientific research belong?

1. economic
2. social
3. political
4. spiritual

1. The transition to post-industrial society is characterized by

1. formation of a market economy
2. restriction of social mobility
3. expanding the possibilities of mass communication
4. organization of mass industrial production.

1. The process of humanization of education involves

1. compliance with the school charter
2. compulsory basic education
3. taking into account the needs and interests of students
4. training in two shifts

1. Which example illustrates the impact of society on nature?

1. discovery of a previously unknown ancient chronicle
2. presidential candidate debate
3. radioactive waste disposal
4. calendar reform.

1. Which example illustrates the interaction between nature and society?

1. defeat of the Pechenegs near Kiev by Yaroslav the Wise
2. formation of the caste system in ancient India
3. construction of irrigation structures in ancient China
4. creation by Ivan the Terrible in 1550 of a new Code of Laws

1. During the transition from traditional to industrial society

1. the individual began to submit to the community
2. social mobility has increased
3. the role of customs in regulating social relations has increased
4. non-economic coercion to work intensified.

1. The Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” provides

1. compulsory education without attending school
2. compulsory receipt of basic general education
3. receiving vocational education in basic school
4. completion of primary school education

1. The direction of development of society, which is characterized by a transition from lower to higher, from less perfect to more perfect, is called:

1. social stratification;
2. public mobility;
3. social revolution;
4. social progress.

1. A totalitarian regime has been established in the country, as evidenced by the following:

1. there is a monopoly on power of one political party;
2. citizens are obliged to obey laws;
3. the state does not interfere in the affairs of civil society;

4) elections to government bodies are carried out in an alternative

basis.

1. A rapid abrupt transition from one socio-political system to another is called:

1. progress;
2. revolution;
3. regression;
4. evolution.

1. What is the name of the process in which a person comprehends the essence of his “I”:

1. self-education;
2. self-knowledge;
3. self-expression;
4. self-love.

Answers:

1. Define concepts

• assimilation - the dissolution of a small cultural group, such as a tribe, (or an individual) into a larger group belonging to another culture as a result of perception small group dominant cultural traditions. It can be voluntary or forced.
• mentality is an image, a way of thinking of an individual, a mindset, a worldview.
• idealism is one of the main trends in philosophy, whose supporters consider spirit, consciousness, and idea to be the original, primary substance.
• nihilism is a doctrine whose central postulate is the denial of generally accepted traditions, norms, rules, and authorities.
• deviant behavior - social behavior deviating from what is accepted, socially acceptable in a particular society or social context.
• political system is an ordered integrity of interconnected, interdependent political institutions and political organizations of society.
• GDP - gross domestic product - is a general economic indicator that expresses the total value of goods and services produced within the country at market prices.
• legal responsibility – application of legal sanctions to offenders. In a subjective sense, it is the obligation placed on the offender to suffer the adverse consequences of violating a rule of law.

Two points for each correct definition. The first point is for the essence, the second is for explanation (regarding the context of use, difference of points of view, etc.).

Two points immediately for a detailed definition.

Maximum 16 points.

1. Choose the correct answer and write it in the table at the end of the task block

1. Are the following statements true:

A. Criminal law is an institution of law.

B. Family law is a branch of law.

1) only A is true 3) both judgments are true

2) only B is correct 4) both judgments are incorrect

1. Are the following statements true:

A. Public law protects the general interests of the state.

B. Private law aims to satisfy and protect the interests of individuals.

1) only A is correct 3) both judgments are correct

1. Are the following judgments about the relationship between spheres of public life true?

A. The growth of government allocations for the production of new types of weapons is an example of the connection between the political and economic spheres of society.

B. Funding by a patron of the museum’s activities is an example of the connection between the economic and spiritual spheres of society.

1) only A is correct 3) both judgments are correct

2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect

1. Are the following truth statements true?

A. The relativity of truth is due to the boundlessness and variability of the comprehended world.

B. The relativity of truth is due to the limited cognitive capabilities of man.

1) only A is correct 3) both judgments are correct

2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect

1. Are the following statements about the division of labor correct?

A. The division of labor leads to increased interdependence of producers.

B. Competition helps eliminate the division of labor.

1) only A is correct 3) both judgments are correct

2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect

1. Are the following judgments about the forms of the state correct?

A. The terms “monarchy” and “republic” denote forms of government and characterize the order of organization of the highest authorities.

B. The terms “federation” and “confederation” denote forms of political regime and characterize the degree of political rights and freedoms of citizens.

1) only A is correct 3) both judgments are correct

2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect

1. Are the following statements about international law correct?

A.International law is a set of legal rules governing relations between sovereign states.

B. International law is a set of legal norms regulating the legal status, issues of internal governance of a state, its relationships with other entities.

1) only A is correct 3) both judgments are correct

2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect

1. Are the following statements true?

A. Members of the Federation Council cannot simultaneously be deputies of the State Duma.

B. The decision on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside the territory of Russia falls under the jurisdiction of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

1) only A is correct 3) both judgments are correct

2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect

Answers:

Maximum 16 points.

1. Fill in the blanks in the diagram

State

Origin theories

Functions

Domestic

External

Int. cooperation

foreign policy

political

economic

ideological

social

Marxist (class)

patriarchal

violence

social contract

theological

foreign economic

Defense

Two points per passmaximum 14 points.

1. A task by right

Celebrating the birthday of a 10th grade student, at approximately 11:30 p.m. the kids continued dancing in the courtyard of the house where the birthday boy lived. The noise and loud music woke up the residents, who repeatedly demanded to stop dancing, but the teenagers did not respond to the comments until police officers appeared. What crime did the teenagers commit? What branch of law regulates prosecution for committing such an act? Can 10th graders be held accountable?

Answer:

“Violation of the peace and quiet of citizens” (2 points), federal laws administrative liability for this offense is not provided, therefore this composition is included in the laws of the constituent entities. Industry - administrative law (2 points). The possibility of bringing to administrative responsibility depends on age: yes, if they are over 16 years old (2 points), otherwise responsibility may be assigned to their parents or other legal representatives (2 points).

Maximum 8 points.

1. Analyze the following source

“Human society is the highest stage of development of living systems, the main elements of which are people, the forms of their joint activity, primarily labor, products of labor, various forms of property and the centuries-old struggle for it, politics and the state, the totality of various institutions, the refined sphere of the spirit. Society can also be defined as a self-organized system of behavior and relationships of people with each other and with nature...

The concept of society covers not only all living people, but also all past and future generations, i.e. all of humanity in its history and perspective. The unification of people into an integral system occurs and is reproduced regardless of the will of its members...

The life of a society is not limited to the lives of its constituent people. Society creates material and spiritual values ​​that cannot be created by individual people... Society is a single social organism, the internal organization of which is a set of specific, diverse connections characteristic of a given system, which are ultimately based on human labor. The structure of human society is formed by: production and the production, economic, social relations that develop on its basis, including class, national, family relationships; political relations and finally, the spiritual sphere of society’s life - science, philosophy, art, morality, religion, etc.

People constantly carry out the process of social production of their lives: the production of material goods, the production of people as social beings, the production of the appropriate type of relationships between people, the very form of communication and the production of ideas. In society, economic, economic, state, family relations, as well as a whole series of ideological phenomena are intertwined in the most intricate way...

It is society that is the main condition for the more or less normal existence and development of people...”

(A.G. Spirkin)

1. Find in the text and write down two sentences in which the author lists the main elements of society.

2. Scientists call society a dynamic system. Find in the text three other phrases with which the author characterizes society as a system.

4. Based on the content of the text and knowledge of the social science course, provide three pieces of evidence that the basis of society “ultimately lies in human labor.”

1. Find in the text and write down two sentences in which the author lists the main elements of society.

2. Scientists call society a dynamic system. Find three other words in the text that the author uses to characterize society as a system.

The correct answer may contain the following characteristics:

1) living system

2) complete system

3) self-organized system

4. Based on the content of the text and knowledge of the social science course, provide three pieces of evidence that the basis of society “ultimately lies in labor.”

Maximum: 4+6+6+6=22 points

Science

Art

3) education.

Creativity

3) Education presupposes:

Gaining knowledge about the world around us, society, people.

Creation of new knowledge

Mastering ethical norms and values

Studying other people's experiences

4) Humanization of education is:

Refusal to exhibit low levels

Free attendance at schools

More attention to individual characteristics personality.

Reducing study load

5) The education system is regulated by:

By the state. 3) Social group

Society 4) Individual people

6) A person receives education as a result of:

Adaptations 3) Growing up

Socialization. 4) Aging

Essay

1) Essay “Learning is fashionable!”

2) Essay “Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness!”

3) “Knowledge opens doors for us, but we must enter them ourselves.” (D.S. Likhachev)

4) “First of all, teach yourself, then you will learn something from others” (I.V. Goethe).

“The illiterate in the 21st century will not be those who cannot write and read, but those who cannot learn, unlearn and relearn.” (E. Toffler)

“...without the full assimilation of traditional literacy, computer literacy cannot be used to its full potential, a person turns into a computer.” (I.A. Negodaev)

Religion

philosophy

Plan:

1. Religion, concept

2. Problems of the origin of religion

2.1. Theological-technological approach

2.2. Materialistic approach

3. Signs of religion

3.1. belief in the supernatural

3.2. organization. worship of higher powers

3.3. the desire to harmonize life with the requirements of the unconditional principle (God)

4. Structure of religion

4.1. religious consciousness

4.2. religious cult

4.3. religious organization

5. Early forms religion

5.1. totemism

5.2. animism

5.3. fetishism

6. World religions

6.1. Buddhism

6.2. Christianity

7. Functions of religion

7.1. ideological

7.2. therapeutic

7.3. communicative

7.4. regulatory

7.5. cultural

7.6. integration

8. The role of religion in human life and society

Concepts

Religion(from Latin religio - shrine, piety, object of worship) - internal conviction in the existence of a supernatural higher power - God (or gods), who is the object of worship.

Cult(from the Latin cultus - cultivation, care, veneration, worship) - a system of established religious actions associated with an attitude towards the supernatural.

Magic- belief in the existence of supernatural connections and relationships between humans and things, animals, spirits, established through a certain type of religious activity with the aim of having a desired impact on the world

Fetishism- worship inanimate objects: figurines, amulets, etc.

Totemism- worship of an animal or plant as one’s mythical ancestor and protector

Animism- belief in spirits and souls existing in objects and independently of them (for example, spirits of mountains, rivers, lakes or stones, trees, etc.)

Eschatology - religious teaching about the end of the world, the death of this world. E. became widespread in Christianity and Judaism.

Sacral- a term denoting everything that relates to religious faith, religious cult. Synonyms: ritual, traditional.

Scheme

Workshop

1Write down the word missing in the diagram:

Essay

Art

Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy, cultural studies

Plan:

1. Art like special shape spiritual culture.

2. The main stages of the development of art in history

3. Characteristic signs arts:

3.1. irrationalism;

3.2. symbolism;

3.3. subjectivism;

3.4. imagery

3.5. visibility.

4. The most important functions of art:

4.1. hedonistic (brings joy to a person);

4.2. compensatory (makes up for a person’s dissatisfaction real life);

4.3. communicative (is a means of communication in the cultural space);

4.4. aesthetic (transformation of the world based on beauty);

4.5. educational (formation of moral and aesthetic qualities of the individual);

4.6. cognitive (forms artistic, aesthetic picture peace).

5. Main types of art:

5.1. by type of means used:

5.1.1. art of words (literature);

5.1.2. art of sound (music);

5.1.3. art of color (painting);

5.1.4. art of gesture (dance, pantomime);

5.2. by the amount of funds used

5.2.1. simple (painting, sculpture, poetry, music)

5.2.2. complex or synthetic (ballet, theater, cinema);

5.3. according to the relationship between a work of art and reality

5.3.1. fine art (realistic painting, sculpture, photography)

5.3.2. expressive (ornament, music);

5.4. in relation to space and time

5.4.1. spatial (fine arts, sculpture, architecture),

5.4.2. temporary (literature, music)

5.4.3. spatio-temporal (theater, cinema);

5.5. by time of occurrence

5.5.1. traditional (poetry, dance, music)

5.5.2. new (photography, cinema, television, video)

5.6. according to the degree of applicability in everyday life

5.6.1. applied (decorative and applied arts)

5.6.2. graceful (music, dance).

6. Universal and national in the development of art.

7. The role of art in the modern world

Concepts

Art- specific form public consciousness And human activity, which is a reflection of the surrounding reality in artistic images.

Syncretism- a combination or fusion of “incomparable” ways of thinking and views, forming a conditional unity.

Renaissance- an era of global significance in the history of European culture, which replaced the Middle Ages and preceded the Enlightenment. Impressionism- a movement in the art of the last third of the 19th - early 20th centuries, which originated in France and then spread throughout the world, whose representatives sought to develop methods and techniques that made it possible to most naturally and vividly capture the real world in its mobility and variability, and convey their fleeting impressions. Aesthetics - philosophical doctrine about the essence and forms of beauty in artistic creativity, in nature and in life, about art as a special form of social consciousness.

Irrationalism- a philosophical doctrine that asserts the impossibility of knowing reality only scientific methods presupposing the existence of areas of understanding of the world that are inaccessible to reason, puts emphasis on the intuitive-emotional way of comprehending reality

Symbolism– a direction in art or the presence of fiction and convention.

Subjectivism- an ideological position that ignores an objective approach to reality or a feature of art that assumes that it always bears the imprint of the artist’s personality.

Visibility- the ability to be easily perceived visually.

Imagery- the presence of fiction and convention ; art is not intended to accurately copy life: through art a person is immersed in the world of artistic images, but at the same time he is always aware of this illusoryness and convention.

Workshop

1 Choose the correct judgments about art and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Art influences a person’s worldview.

2) Art allows us to theoretically explain social phenomena.

3) Works of art help a person restore spiritual harmony and realize creative potential.

4) Art helps to attract public attention to social and moral issues.

5) The role of art is manifested in opposition to scientific concepts.

2 Illustrate the implementation with three examples educational function art. (Examples should be related to various types of art.)

3 Below is a list of characteristics. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to the characteristics of art.

1) imagery; 2) awakening fantasy and imagination; 3) reliability and verifiability of the results; 4) focus on obtaining objective truth; 5) emotionality of perception; 6) visibility.

Find two characteristics that “fall out” from the general series and write down
in the table the numbers under which they are indicated.

4 Write down the word missing in the table.

Characteristics of forms of spiritual culture

5 Are the following judgments about art true?

A. Art reflects the world in artistic images.

B. Art orients people in a system of aesthetic values.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

6 Unlike science, art

1) affirms the value of subjective figurative perception of the world

2) helps to understand the world around us

3) establishes the patterns of development of nature and society

7 Are the following judgments about spiritual culture true?

A. Spiritual culture is a unique integrity of art, science, morality and religion.

B. Within a certain historical era There have always been different cultures in the world.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

8 Art, unlike other forms of spiritual culture,

1) affirms the value of an aesthetic attitude to the world

2) creates a certain stock of knowledge about the world

3) forms a picture of the world

4) reflects reality in concepts

9 For artistic creativity it is obligatory

1) the desire for an accurate reflection of reality

2) simplicity of the form of the work

3) validity of the methods used

4) use of figurative and symbolic means

10 Are the following judgments about art as a form (sphere) of spiritual culture true?

A. Artistic image in art is important element knowledge of the world.

B. Works of art- this is always just the result of fiction, they reflect inner world artist and are not connected with reality.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

Essay

“Art should teach to love virtue and hate vice” (D. Diderot).

Morality

Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy, ethics

Plan:

1. The concept of morality

2. Development of moral standards

2.2. customs

2.3. traditions

2.4. moral standards

3. Functions of morality:

3.1. educational

3.2. regulating

3.3. stabilizing

4. Features of morality:

4.1. Support from the majority of the population

4.2. Development over several hundred years

5. The basis of morality is universal human moral norms and values:

5.1. "golden rule" of morality;

5.2.1. good and evil;

5.2.2. duty and conscience;

5.2.3. justice;

5.2.4. honor and dignity;

5.2.5. happiness.

5.3. principles and moral standards.

6. The relationship between morality and ethics

7. Relationship between law and morality
Ethics as the science of morality

8. Morality in the modern world.

Concepts

Morality(from the Latin moralis - moral; mores - morals) is one of the ways of normative regulation of human behavior, a special form of social consciousness and a type of social relations.

Hedonism- a way of justifying morality, the main goal of which is to obtain pleasure and avoid suffering. As a moral principle, G. prescribes that people strive for earthly joys.

Taboo- a concept associated with primitive culture and denoting a strict categorical prohibition on specially designated objects, actions and words, the violation of which entails severe punishment from the collective.

Cynicism- a moral quality that characterizes a contemptuous attitude towards the culture of society, towards its spiritual and moral values.

Euthanasia– a term denoting the painless bringing of a hopelessly ill person to death.

Scheme

Workshop

Essay

“The greatness of a great man is revealed in the way he treats little people.” (T. Carlyle).
1.16. concept of social progress

Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy

Plan:

1. Different views on directionality social development

1.1. Plato, Aristotle, G. Vico, O. Spengler, A. Toynbee - movement along certain steps within a closed cycle, i.e. theory of historical circulation.

1.2. Religious movements are the predominance of regression in many areas of society.

1.3. French enlighteners - continuous renewal, improvement of all aspects of society.

1.4. Modern researchers - positive changes in some areas of society can be combined with stagnation and regression in others, i.e. conclusion about the inconsistency of progress.

2. The concept of progress and regression.

2.1. progress

2.2. regression

3. Forms of social progress

3.1. reform

3.2. revolution

4. Traditional criteria for progress:

4.1. development human mind

4.2. improving people's morality

4.3. progress of science and technology

4.4. development of productive forces, including man himself

4.5. an increase in the degree of freedom that society can provide to an individual

5. Relativity of progress

6. Contradictory progress

7. Humanistic criteria of progress:

7.1. average human life expectancy,

7.2. infant and maternal mortality, health status,

7.3. the level of education,

7.4. development of various spheres of culture,

7.5. feeling life satisfaction,

7.6. degree of respect for human rights,

7.7. attitude towards nature, etc.

8. Social revolution – as a special form of social change.

Concepts

Progress(from Latin progressus - movement forward, success) - a type of development from lower to higher, from simple to more complex, movement forward to more perfect.
Regression(from lat. regressus - reverse movement) - type of development from higher to lower, processes of degradation, lowering the level of organization, loss of ability to perform certain functions.

Revolution- this is a complete or comprehensive change in all or most aspects of social life, affecting the foundations of the existing social system.

Reform- this is a transformation, reorganization, change in any aspect of social life that does not destroy the foundations of the existing social structure, leaving power in the hands of the former ruling class.

Scheme

Workshop

1. The dynamism of society as a system is reflected in

1) there is a connection with the natural environment

2) a set of institutions and subsystems

3) ability to progress

4) the presence of social relations

2. Using such a criterion of social development as the success of science and technology, one can show the progressive nature

1) abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861.

2) the spread of information technology in modern society

3) elimination of class privileges

4) treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons

3. Illustrate with examples any three criteria of social progress. In each case, first state the criterion and then give an example.

4. Write down the word missing in the diagram.

5. Reform, unlike other forms of social change,

1) affects all spheres of public life

2) usually carried out by authorities

3) represents sharp qualitative changes

4) involves radical renewal social relations

6. Are the following judgments about social progress true?

A. The sources of progress can be the human desire for knowledge, technical improvements or social contradictions.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

7. Give two manifestations of the inconsistency of social progress. Illustrate each with an example.

8. The problem of social responsibility of scientists has become particularly acute, since

1) scientists have made discoveries that have unpredictable consequences

2) science has lost its importance in society

3) society has completely lost control over the activities of scientists

4) the state increases funding for science

9. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing.

Select from the list of words (phrases) that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“The social system is constantly changing: new elements appear, old ones become more complex or disappear. There are two forms of __________ (A): evolution and revolution. Scientists call __________ (B) a gradual process of the emergence of increasingly complex social entities. In the process of __________ (B), the social system finds itself in an unstable state, the balance of social forces is disrupted.

An important question is about __________ (D) social changes and the factors that determine them. The idea that changes in the world occur in the direction from lower to higher, from less perfect to more perfect, gave rise to the idea of ​​__________ (D).

As a result social phenomenon there is a transition of society to a higher level of material __________ (E) and spiritual development.”

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can be used only once.

Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

2) social change

3) process

4) needs

5) evolution

6) information

7) social progress

8) social revolution

9) welfare

10. Are the following judgments about the forms of social development correct?

A. Reforms always occur “from above”, carried out by the government.

B.Revolution presupposes dramatic qualitative changes in various spheres of public life.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

Essay

"Revolution is a barbaric form of progress." (J. Jaurès)

“Humanity has no purpose, no idea, no plan, just as there is no purpose in the species of butterflies or orchids. (O. Spengler)

“The progress of technology gives us ever more advanced means of moving backwards” (O. Huxley).

“Modern civilization: exchange of values ​​for convenience” (S. Lem).

“We were civilized enough to build a machine, but too primitive to use it” (K. Kraus).

“There is no progress without struggle” (F. Douglas).
1.17. Multivariate social development

(types of societies)

Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy

Plan:

1. Definition of society in a narrow and in a broad sense

2. Sources of multivariance and driving forces development of society
- transformative activities of people
-natural and climatic conditions
-prominent figures

3. Classification of types of societies

3.1. By availability of writing

3.1.1. Written

3.1.2. Preliterate

3.2. By level of complexity (levels of control and degree of stratification)

3.2.1. Simple

3.2.2. Complex

3.3. According to K. Marx (formations)

3.3.1. Primitive

3.3.2. Slaveholding

3.3.3. Feudal

3.3.4. Capitalist

3.3.5. Communist

3.4. According to W. Rostow

3.4.1. Traditional (agricultural)

3.4.2. Transitional

3.4.3. Shift stage

3.4.4. Maturity stage

3.4.5. High mass consumption society

3.5. According to D. Bell, A. Toffler

3.5.1. Pre-industrial

3.5.2. Industrial

3.5.3. Post-industrial

4. Traditional society and its features

4.1. The concept of traditional society

4.2. Characteristic features of traditional societies:

4.2.1. the agricultural nature of the economy;

4.2.2. fusion of power and property;

4.2.3. the patriarchal nature of society and the state;

4.2.4. the predominance of collectivist forms of social consciousness;

4.2.5. low rates of social change and social mobility.

4.3. The main types of traditional societies:

4.3.1. societies of the ancient medieval East;

4.3.2. ancient societies Greece and Rome;

4.3.3. medieval feudal society in Western Europe;

4.3.4. Old Russian and medieval Russian society.

4.4. Specifics of social stratification of traditional societies:

4.4.1. caste or class system;

4.4.2. predominance of prescribed statuses;

4.4.3. the church and the army as the most important social elevators;

4.4.4. limited opportunities individuals to change their status.

4.5. Preservation of elements of traditional societies in the modern era.

5. Industrial society –

5.1. Concept industrial society

5.2. Signs of an industrial society

5.2.1. urbanization;

5.2.2. industrialization;

5.2.3. class division of society;

5.2.4. class antagonism;

5.2.5. transfer of power into the hands of owners;

5.2.6. representative democracy;

5.2.7. relatively low social mobility.

5.3. New Industrial Society (Galbraith)

5.3.1. system of large corporations (monopolization of the economy)

5.3.2. significant increase in the economic activity of the state

5.3.3. planned nature of the economy

5.3.4. the process of merging the "industrial system" with the state (technocracy)

5.3.5. "deproletarianization" of the working class

5.4. The future of industrial society.

6. Information (post-industrial) society and its features

6.1. The concept of the information society

6.2. Prerequisites for the birth of the information society:

6.2.1. scientific and technological revolution;

6.2.2. formation of a new scientific picture of the world;

6.2.3. microprocessor revolution.

6.3. Characteristic features of the information society:

6.3.1. priority development of the high technology and service sectors;

6.3.2. development electronic means mass communications;

6.3.3. the use of artificial intelligence in all spheres of social and human life;

6.3.4. recognition of the priority of human rights and freedoms.

6.3.5. changing the social structure of society.

6.4. The contradictory nature of information civilization:

6.4.1. displacement of a person from a number of spheres;

6.4.2. increasing human dependence on a personal computer;

6.4.3. involving a person in the world of virtual contacts and communication;

6.4.4. deepening the separation of man from the natural environment.

6.5. Prospects for the development of post-industrial society.

Concepts

Socio-economic formation(from Latin formatio - education, type) - this is a society at a certain level historical development, taken in the unity of all its aspects, with its inherent method of production, economic system and superstructure rising above it

Traditional society- this is a concept denoting a set of societies, social structures, standing at different stages of development and not having a mature industrial complex. The determining factor in the development of such societies is agriculture.

Industrial society is a society characterized by a developed and complex system of division of labor with a high degree of specialization, mass production of goods, automation of production and management, widespread introduction of innovations into production and people's lives. Thus, the determining factor in the development of an industrial society is industry.

Post-industrial society- this is society, in economics

which, as a result of the scientific and technological revolution and a significant increase in population incomes, priority moved from the primary production of goods to the production of services

Scheme

Workshop

1. Match distinctive features and types of societies: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

FEATURES

A) mass production of consumer goods

B) highlighting the service sector

B) the predominance of subsistence farming

D) the leading role of information in the life of society

D) the emergence of mass culture

TYPES OF SOCIETIES

1) traditional (agrarian) society

2) industrial society

3) post-industrial society

2. In country Z, subsistence farming dominates. What other signs from the above indicate that country Z is developing as a traditional society? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1) Oral information prevails over writing.

2) Happens fast growth urban population.

3) Extensive technologies and hand tools predominate.

4) The main social units are the community and the family.

5) Scientific knowledge is widely disseminated.

6) Infrastructure is intensively developing.

3. Information technology is the most important factor of production in country Z. What other signs of the listed indicate that country Z is developing as a post-industrial society? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Social interactions are regulated by existing social norms in the country.

2) One of the dominant production sectors in the country is the service sector.

3) Extensive farming methods predominate.

4) Natural factors influence the development of society.

5) Greatest development receive high-tech, resource-saving technologies.

6) Widespread adoption is occurring computer equipment into various areas of society.

4. The basis of the economy in country Z is microelectronics, telecommunications, robotics, production of materials with predetermined properties, biotechnology, etc. More and more of the working population is finding work in the service sector. What type of society is emerging?
in country Z? Name any three characteristics corresponding to this type of society that are not mentioned in the text of the assignment.

5. In country Z, the urban population is growing faster than the rural population. What other signs indicate that country Z is developing as an industrial society? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) The state guaranteed the personal freedom of citizens and creates conditions for individual self-realization.

2) The formation of a class social structure is taking place.

3) Religious organizations play a key role in public life.

4) Natural exchange (barter) predominates.

5) Mechanization of production took place.

6) Production is concentrated in large enterprises,
in industrial areas.

6. It is typical for a traditional society

1) dominance of the partner type family

2) the predominance of communal relations

3) dominance serial production products

4) implementation of the scientific and technological revolution

7. Which of the above characteristics characterizes an industrial society?

1) the leading role of agriculture

2) predominance of industry

3) weak level of division of labor

4) the decisive importance of the service sector in the economy

8. Are the following judgments about types of society true?

A. During the period of industrial society, the industrial revolution occurred.

B. In a post-industrial society, a person is valued primarily as a representative of a tribal or ethnic community.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

9. Write down the word missing in the table.

10. In country Z, mass serial production is being individualized and conditions are being created for lifelong education. Which
other signs indicate that country Z is developing as a post-industrial society? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Natural factors influence the development of society.

2) Extensive farming methods predominate.

3) There is a widespread introduction of computer technology into various areas of life.

4) Legal mechanisms for regulating social relations are used.

5) The structure of the economy is dominated by the service sector.

6) Science-intensive, resource-saving technologies are receiving the greatest development.

Essay

“A civilized society is like a child who received too many toys for his birthday” (D. Thomson).

“In an immoral society, all inventions that increase man’s power over nature are not only not good, but undoubted and obvious evil"(L.N. Tolstoy).
1.18. Threats of the 21st century (global problems)

Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy

Plan:

1. The process of globalization and its contradictions

1.1. The concept of globalization.

1.2. Manifestations of globalization in various spheres of life of modern society:

1.2.1. economic globalization (formation of a single world market, single supranational financial centers (World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization));

1.2.2. political globalization (formation of supranational centers for political decision-making (UN, G8, European Union), formation of common standards for democratic institutions);

1.2.3. social globalization (expanding the circle of communication, forming online social communities, bringing countries and peoples closer together);

1.2.4. globalization in the spiritual sphere (dissemination of mass culture, common cultural standards).

1.3. The main positive consequences of globalization.