Who is the provincial official in the auditor. Portrait characteristics of officials in the comedy “The Inspector General”

Officials of the county town in the comedy N.V. Gogol's "The Inspector General" are heroes provincial Russia, satirically depicted by the author.

These people are typical of their time and at the same time individual. What connects them? Fear of an “incognito” auditor. They all have “sins” - they take bribes, embezzle government money, care not about the service, but about their own well-being. The mayor helps the merchants deceive the treasury: “And who helped you cheat when you built a bridge and painted wood worth twenty thousand, while there wasn’t even one worth a hundred rubles?” He takes bribes from merchants and recruits’ parents, extorts expensive gifts. At the same time, there is “dirt, uncleanliness” in the city. Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin sat on the judge's chair for fifteen years, but in his papers “Solomon himself will not decide” what is true and what is not true in them. The judge takes bribes like greyhound puppies, assuring that “this is a completely different matter.” The trustee of charitable institutions, Strawberry, makes money off the sick without giving them any medicine, so he gets them “healed like flies.” Postmaster Shnekin opens other people's letters and, out of curiosity, keeps them for himself. The superintendent of schools, Luka Lukich, is scared to death that he might be accused of freethinking.

Each hero is a comic individual, but they are all united by greed and envy of others' success. Giving bribes to the imaginary auditor, they believe that he is cunning and clever man, because he is asking for a “loan” under a plausible pretext, and this is not a crime. Strawberry also manages to denounce his colleagues, promising to put everything on paper. They noisily congratulate the Governor on his success, privately envying him. And then they gloat when reading Khlestakov’s letter: everyone is pleased to humiliate another, but no one wants to read about themselves. Their wives are just as petty and envious, dreaming of balls and dresses. Everyone is ready to quarrel when it turns out that Khlestakov is not an auditor, but fear at the news that a real auditor is demanding them to join him unites everyone again.

The human shortcomings depicted by Gogol in the characters of his heroes are not a passing phenomenon, therefore moral problems comedies are still relevant today.

(Option 2)

Images of officials in the comedy by N.V. Gogol's "The Inspector General" is a gallery of typical characters of provincial Russia.

In the county town, they personify power and strength, the highest circle of local society. They are all individual. Thus, the Mayor rightfully served his position for thirty years. He is distinguished by his cunning and ability to maintain his material interests everywhere. Anton Antonovich is proud that he can deceive anyone: “He has deceived swindlers, swindlers and rogues such that they are ready to rob the whole world...” With his superiors he is obsequious and respectful, with his inferiors he is rude and unceremonious. If merchants can be dragged by their beards, then he curries favor with Khlestakov and enthusiastically describes to him how he does not sleep at night, caring for the well-being of the city. He assures that he does not need honors, but he is lying. In fact, he is ambitious and dreams of serving in the capital, of the rank of general. And imagining that he will soon have this, he despises those below him even more, demanding new offerings from them.

Other officials are just as selfish and ambitious. Openly neglecting his service, Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin is passionate only about hunting and even takes bribes with “greyhound puppies.” Gogol says about him that he has read five or six books “and therefore is somewhat free-thinking,” and Strawberry describes the judge as follows: “Every word you say, Cicero rolled off your tongue.” But from fear of the auditor, even the judge becomes timid and tongue-tied. Luka Lukich, superintendent of schools, is even more cowardly: “God forbid you serve in the academic department! You are afraid of everything: everyone gets in the way, you want to show everyone that he is also an intelligent person.” The charge of freethinking threatened with hard labor, and any reason for such an accusation could be filed - if the teacher, for example, makes some kind of grimace. The postmaster is curious and opens other people's letters, and keeps the ones he likes for himself. But the lowest and most dishonest of the officials is Strawberry, the trustee of charitable institutions. He steals, like all of them, his patients do not receive any medicine and “get well like flies.” He tries in every possible way to emphasize his services to Khlestakov. He is just as envious as everyone else. But he not only curries favor with the auditor, but is also ready to write a denunciation against all his friends, accusing them of neglect of business, immorality and even freethinking: “For the benefit of the fatherland, I must do this, although he is my relative and friend.”

The officials of the Gogol district town are deceitful and vile, selfish and immoral. They please those above them and despise those below them, despise those whose labors contribute to their well-being. This is the author’s satirical reflection of modern reality.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol gave in the comedy “The Inspector General” big picture bureaucratic government in Russia in the 30s of the 19th century. The comedy also ridiculed the everyday side of life of the inhabitants of a small county town: the insignificance of interests, hypocrisy and lies, arrogance and a complete lack of human dignity, superstition and gossip. This is revealed in the images of the landowners Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, the wife and daughter of the mayor, merchants and bourgeois women. But most of all, the life and morals of this city are characterized by its officials. Describing officials, N.V. Gogol showed massive abuses of power, embezzlement and bribery, arbitrariness and disdain To ordinary people. All these phenomena were characteristic, ingrained features of the bureaucracy of Nikolaev Russia. This is exactly how civil servants appear before us in the comedy “The Inspector General”.

At the head of all is the mayor. We see that he is not stupid: he judges more sensibly than his colleagues the reasons for sending an auditor to them. Wise from life and work experience, he “deceived swindlers over swindlers.” The mayor is a convinced bribe-taker: “This is how God himself arranged it, and the Voltaireans are in vain speaking against it.” He constantly embezzles government money. The goal of this official’s aspirations is “over time... to become a general.” And in dealing with his subordinates he is rude and despotic. “What, samovar makers, arshinniks...” he addresses them. This person speaks completely differently to his superiors: ingratiatingly, respectfully. Using the example of the mayor, Gogol shows us such typical features Russian officials, such as bribery, veneration of rank.

The group portrait of a typical Nikolaev official is well complemented by Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin. His last name alone speaks volumes about this official’s attitude towards his service. It is precisely such people who profess the principle of “the law is the same.” Lyapkin-Tyapkin is a representative of the elected government (“elected as a judge by the will of the nobility”). Therefore, he behaves freely even with the mayor, allowing himself to challenge him. Since this person has read 5-6 books in his life, he is considered “freethinking and educated.” This detail emphasizes the ignorance of officials, their low level education.

We also learn about Lyapkin-Tyapkin that he is fond of hunting, so he takes bribes with greyhound puppies. He doesn’t deal with business at all, and chaos reigns in court.

About complete indifference to public service The people on it are also spoken in comedy by the image of the trustee of charitable institutions, Strawberry, “a fat man, but a subtle rogue.” In the hospital under his jurisdiction, patients are dying like flies, the doctor “doesn’t know a word of Russian.” Strawberry, meanwhile, argues: “A simple man; if he dies, he will die anyway; If he gets well, he’ll get well.” How typical representative officialdom, he is also characterized by groveling before his superiors and a willingness to denounce his colleagues, which is what he does when Khlestakov arrives.

The superintendent of district schools, Luka Lukich Khlopov, is also in awe of his superiors, a man frightened to death. “If anyone of a higher rank spoke to me, I simply don’t have a soul, and my tongue is stuck in the mud,” he says. But the postmaster Shpekin did not find himself best activity how to open letters. The limitations of this “simple-minded to the point of naivety” person are evidenced by the fact that it is from other people’s letters that he draws his knowledge about life.

Probably, a group portrait of Russian bureaucracy of the 30s of the 19th century would not be complete without such bright character comedies like Khlestakov, who is mistaken for a secret auditor. As Gogol writes, this is “one of those people who in the offices are called empty. He speaks and acts without any consideration.” The significance of Khlestakov’s character in the comedy also lies in the fact that he does not belong to the circle of provincial bureaucrats. But, as we see, the St. Petersburg employee, in terms of his level of education, moral qualities no higher than the other characters in the comedy. This speaks to the generalizing nature of the officials depicted in the comedy - they are like this throughout Russia.

Surely almost each of them, like Khlestakov, strives to “play a role at least one inch higher than the one assigned to him.” And at the same time “he lies with feeling” and “the pleasure he received from this is expressed in his eyes.” The general fear experienced by city officials, on which the action in the comedy rests, does not allow the mayor and his subordinates to see who Khlestako is.
in fact. That's why they believe his lies.

1. Portrait of N.V. Gogol
2. Portraits of the mayor, judge, superintendent of schools, postmaster.
3. Presentation " County town in the comedy N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General"

During the classes.

Vocabulary work.

Explain orally the meaning of the following words: drama, comedy, poster, monologue, dialogue, replica, charitable institution, superintendent of schools, public places, particular, roadside, privately, allocate, garrison, profit, elistrate, pentyukh, labardan, department, ekivok, Jacobin , courier, wait, amber, silkworm, incognito.

Teacher's word.

The topic of our lesson is “County town in the comedy of N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General". Now watch the presentation “County town in the comedy of N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General". (See attachment)

Complete the description of the city with examples from the text.

Like this gloomy picture cities. Let's summarize what has been said and write down in a table what this town is like. (The table is filled out during the lesson.)

How do people live in the county town?

Which residents did the writer show in the play?

Checking homework.

Students were given individual homework. Extract quotes from the text that characterize the lives of citizens and city officials. Write quotes on scrapbook paper and hang the paper on the board while talking about the characters.

We draw a conclusion about the situation of the residents of the county town and record it in the table.

Conclusion: city residents have no rights before officials; they can solve their affairs only with the help of bribes officials. There is no concern on the part of the authorities, they don’t care “if he dies, he dies; If he gets well, he’ll get well.” Even merchants have a hard life, let alone the poor people.

Question to the class: “Who lives well in the city?”

Student reports about officials. The guys make entries in the table, adding to the column about the county town and the column about officials. (Student posts edited by teacher.)

For example, about Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, city ​​governor “The mayor, already old in the service and a very intelligent person in his own way. Although he is a bribe-taker, he behaves very respectably; quite serious... His facial features are rough and hard, like those of anyone who began his service from the lower ranks. The transition from fear to joy, from baseness to arrogance is quite rapid, like in a person with roughly developed inclinations of the soul.” Before us is an experienced man with his life experience, grip. He is proud of the fact that he used to “deceive swindlers upon swindlers, swindlers and rogues such that they were ready to rob the whole world.” He, like other officials, has his share of sins. He knows about bribes from his subordinates and says: “You are not taking according to your rank.” He himself does not disdain anything: neither cloth, nor wax, nor prunes “that have been lying in a barrel for seven years.” Over the years of service, the mayor learned to cheat masterfully. “And who helped you (the merchant) cheat when you built a bridge and painted wood worth twenty thousand, when there wasn’t even one worth a hundred rubles?” He embezzled the money allocated for the church, and reported to his superiors that the church had burned down. His orders are superficial, in order to again deceive the auditor. “The more it breaks, the more it means the activity of the city governor.”

Artemy Filippovich Strawberry- trustee of charitable institutions. He, speaking modern language, responsible for hospitals, shelters. Funds are stolen, he himself admits: “They ordered to give habersup to the sick, but I have such cabbage running through all the corridors that you just have to take care of your nose.” “We don’t use expensive medicines.” His phrase that his patients “are all getting better like flies,” a doctor named Gibner characterizes the state of affairs in the hospital. During Khlestakov’s “audience,” Artemy Filippovich gossips, talking about the affairs and personal lives of officials, and is ready to write a denunciation against everyone. “Would you like me to put it all down on paper?”

Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin- judge. The mayor calls him a smart man because he has read five or six books. The mayor’s remarks about the public places: “In your front hall, where petitioners usually come, the guards have kept domestic geese with little goslings that are scurrying around under your feet.” “You have all sorts of rubbish being dried in your very presence, and right next to the cupboard with papers there is a hunting rag... He (the assessor) smells as if he had just come out of a distillery.” Confession of Ammos Fedorovich “I tell everyone openly that I take bribes, but with what bribes? Greyhound puppies” suggests that a bribe is the norm for city officials, only everyone takes what they need. The judge doesn’t understand anything about his work: “I’ve been sitting on the judge’s chair for fifteen years, but when I look at the memorandum - ah! I’ll just wave my hand. Solomon himself will not decide what is true and what is not true in it.”

Khlopov Luka Lukich- superintendent of schools. The most dangerous position, because learning has never been valued in Russia. “God forbid you serve in the academic field, you are afraid of everything. Everyone gets in the way, everyone wants to show that he is also an intelligent person.” Khlopov was reprimanded for educational institution“freedom-loving thoughts are instilled in the youth,” and it was one of the teachers who “made faces” while explaining the material, and another who broke chairs.

Shpekin Ivan Kuzmich- postmaster. The postmaster does not even hide the fact that he opens and reads letters, he does not see this as a crime. He does this “out of curiosity: I love death to find out what’s new in the world. Let me tell you, this is a very interesting read. You will read another letter with pleasure...” He keeps interesting letters for himself. This is not only a pleasant pastime, it is also the fulfillment of the instructions of the mayor, who advises reading the letters. “Listen, Ivan Kuzmich, could you, for our common benefit, print out every letter that arrives at your post office, incoming and outgoing, you know, a little bit and read it: does it contain some kind of report or just correspondence... “He intercepted Khlestakov’s letter to his friend Tryapichkin.

Policemen. In the fourth scene of the first act, we learn that policeman Prokhorov is dead drunk and sleeping at the station. The playbill lists the plays names of three police officers: Derzhimorda, Svistunov, Pugovitsyn. The very names themselves tell how they restore order in the city. The mayor gives orders regarding Pugovitsyn: “Quarterly Pugovitsyn...he tall, so let it stand on the bridge for improvement.” Regarding Derzhimorda, he remarks to the private bailiff: “Yes, tell Derzhimorda not to give too much free rein to his fists; For the sake of order, he puts lights under everyone’s eyes: both the right and the wrong.” Next, Derzhimorda stands at the door of the “auditor” Khlestakov and does not let the townspeople in to see him. The town's police are completely subordinate to the mayor and, it seems, act not according to the laws of the state, but at the whim of the main official of the city.

A summary of what has been said about officials.

Name the traits characteristic of officials. Fill in the column of the table about officials.

Can the images of comedy heroes be considered as an accurate reproduction of the characters of people who actually lived?

What role did he play? fiction in the image characters plays?

City officials are “experienced” people, that is, they can easily fool anyone, but why are they so afraid of the auditor?

Why did officials mistake Khlestakov for an auditor?

Nicholas 1 said after the first performance of The Inspector General: “What a play! Everyone got it, and I got it more than anyone else!” In Perm, the police demanded that the performance be stopped, and the mayor in Rostov-on-Don threatened to throw the actors in prison. Gogol wrote about the production of the comedy: “The action produced by it was large and noisy. Everything is against me. Elderly and respectable officials shout that nothing is sacred to me when I dared to speak like that about serving people. The police are against me, the merchants are against me...” Why were the king, officials and merchants so afraid and indignant?

Do you think the play is relevant today?

Homework.

Write a summary at home with elements of the essay “District town in the comedy of N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General". At the conclusion of the presentation, answer the question: “How do you understand the epigraph to the play?”

Lesson summary.

Pay attention to the epigraph to the lesson. For what purpose did the writer show “everything bad in Russia” in the comedy?