Years of life of famous writers and poets table. The most famous Russian writers and their works
The past century has given humanity many talented authors. Writers of the 20th century worked in an era of global social upheaval and revolution, which was inevitably reflected in their works. Any historical event influenced literature - if you remember, then a large number of war novels were written during the Second World War and in the next 15 years.
The most famous Russian writers of the 20th century are Alexander Solzhenitsyn and Mikhail Bulgakov. Solzhenitsyn revealed to the world the full horror of the Soviet camps in his work “The Gulag Archipelago,” for which he was subjected to severe criticism and persecution in our country. Later Solzhenitsyn was exiled to Germany, and he for a long time lived and worked abroad. It was returned to him only in 1990 by a special presidential decree, after which he was able to return to his homeland.
It is interesting that in our country the 20th century became the era of writers and poets in exile - abroad in different years turned out to be Ivan Bunin, Konstantin Balmont, Raisa Bloch and many others. Mikhail Bulgakov became famous throughout the world for his novel “The Master and Margarita” and the story “ dog's heart" It is noteworthy that he wrote the novel “The Master and Margarita” for more than 10 years - the basis of the work was created immediately, but editing continued long years, until the death of the writer. Mortally ill, Bulgakov brought the novel to perfection, but never had time to finish this work, so literary mistakes can be found in the work. And yet the novel “The Master and Margarita” became, perhaps, best work this genre for the entire 20th century.
Popular figures of the 20th century include, first of all, the queen of detective stories, Agatha Christie, and the creator of the best dystopia, Animal Farm, George Orwell. England has always given the world literary geniuses such as William Shakespeare, H.G. Wells, Walter Scott and many others. Last century was no exception, and people in all countries are now reading books by Pratchett Terry, John Windom and
In general, the writers of the 20th century were not at all like their predecessors - the authors of the 19th century. became more diverse, and if in the 19th century there were only 3-4 main directions, then in the 20th there were an order of magnitude more of them. Stylistic and ideological diversity has given rise to many genres and movements, and the search for a new language has given us a whole galaxy of thinkers and philosophers, such as Marcel Proust and
Russian writers of the 20th century limited themselves mainly to three stylistic directions - realism, modernism and avant-garde. An interesting phenomenon In Russian literature of the last century there was a revival of romanticism in its original form, this fact was most fully reflected in the works of Alexander Green, whose works are literally permeated by ineradicable dreaminess and exoticism.
Writers of the 20th century left a noticeable mark on world literature, and we can only hope that the authors of the twenty-first century will be no worse than their predecessors. Maybe somewhere a new Gorky, Pasternak or Hemingway is already creating.
Aksakov Ivan Sergeevich (1823-1886) - poet and publicist. One of the leaders of Russian Slavophiles. The most famous work: the fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower”.
Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich (1817-1860) – poet, literary critic, linguist, historian. The inspirer and ideologist of Slavophilism.
Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich (1791-1859) – writer and public figure, literary and theater critic. Wrote a book about fishing and hunting. Father of writers Konstantin and Ivan Aksakov.
Annensky Innokenty Fedorovich (1855-1909) - poet, playwright, literary critic, linguist, translator. Author of the plays: “King Ixion”, “Laodamia”, “Melanippe the Philosopher”, “Thamira the Kefared”.
Baratynsky Evgeniy Abramovich (1800-1844) - poet and translator. Author of the poems: “Eda”, “Feasts”, “Ball”, “Concubine” (“Gypsy”).
Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787-1855) - poet. Also the author of a number of well-known prose articles: “On the character of Lomonosov”, “Evening at Kantemir’s” and others.
Belinsky Vissarion Grigorievich (1811-1848) - literary critic. Headed the critical department in the publication " Domestic notes" Author of numerous critical articles. He had a huge influence on Russian literature.
Bestuzhev-Marlinsky Alexander Alexandrovich (1797-1837) - Byronist writer, literary critic. Published under the pseudonym Marlinsky. Published the almanac "Polar Star". He was one of the Decembrists. Author of prose: “Test”, “Terrible fortune-telling”, “Frigate Nadezhda” and others.
Vyazemsky Pyotr Andreevich (1792-1878) - poet, memoirist, historian, literary critic. One of the founders and first head of the Russian historical society. Close friend of Pushkin.
Dmitry Vladimirovich Venevetinov (1805-1827) - poet, prose writer, philosopher, translator, literary critic. Author of 50 poems. He was also known as an artist and musician. Organizer of the secret philosophical association “Society of Philosophy”.
Herzen Alexander Ivanovich (1812-1870) - writer, philosopher, teacher. The most famous works: novel “Who is to Blame?”, stories “Doctor Krupov”, “The Thieving Magpie”, “Damaged”.
Glinka Sergei Nikolaevich (1776-1847) - writer, memoirist, historian. Mastermind conservative nationalism. Author the following works: “Selim and Roxana”, “The Virtues of Women” and others.
Glinka Fedor Nikolaevich (1876-1880) - poet and writer. Member of the Decembrist Society. The most famous works: the poems “Karelia” and “The Mysterious Drop”.
Gogol Nikolai Vasilievich (1809-1852) - writer, playwright, poet, literary critic. Classic of Russian literature. Author: " Dead souls”, the cycle of stories “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”, the stories “The Overcoat” and “Viy”, the plays “The Inspector General” and “Marriage” and many other works.
Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich (1812-1891) – writer, literary critic. Author of the novels: “Oblomov”, “Cliff”, “ An ordinary story».
Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich (1795-1829) - poet, playwright and composer. He was a diplomat and died in service in Persia. The most famous work is the poem “Woe from Wit,” which served as the source of many catchphrases.
Grigorovich Dmitry Vasilievich (1822-1900) – writer.
Davydov Denis Vasilievich (1784-1839) – poet, memoirist. Hero Patriotic War 1812. Author of numerous poems and war memoirs.
Dal Vladimir Ivanovich (1801-1872) – writer and ethnographer. Being a military doctor, he collected folklore along the way. The most famous literary work – « Dictionary living Great Russian language." Dahl worked on the dictionary for more than 50 years.
Delvig Anton Antonovich (1798-1831) – poet, publisher.
Dobrolyubov Nikolai Alexandrovich (1836-1861) - literary critic and poet. He published under the pseudonyms -bov and N. Laibov. Author of numerous critical and philosophical articles.
Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich (1821-1881) - writer and philosopher. Recognized classic of Russian literature. Author of works: “The Brothers Karamazov”, “Idiot”, “Crime and Punishment”, “Teenager” and many others.
Zhemchuzhnikov Alexander Mikhailovich (1826-1896) - poet. Together with his brothers and the writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov.
Zhemchuzhnikov Alexey Mikhailovich (1821-1908) - poet and satirist. Together with his brothers and the writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov. Author of the comedy “Strange Night” and the collection of poems “Songs of Old Age”.
Zhemchuzhnikov Vladimir Mikhailovich (1830-1884) - poet. Together with his brothers and the writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov.
Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich (1783-1852) - poet, literary critic, translator, founder of Russian romanticism.
Zagoskin Mikhail Nikolaevich (1789-1852) - writer and playwright. Author of the first Russian historical novels. Author of the works “The Prankster”, “Yuri Miloslavsky, or the Russians in 1612”, “Kulma Petrovich Miroshev” and others.
Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich (1766-1826) – historian, writer and poet. Author of the monumental work “History of the Russian State” in 12 volumes. He is the author of the stories: “ Poor Lisa", "Evgeniy and Yulia" and many others.
Kireevsky Ivan Vasilievich (1806-1856) - religious philosopher, literary critic, Slavophile.
Krylov Ivan Andreevich (1769-1844) - poet and fabulist. Author of 236 fables, many of which became popular expressions. Published magazines: “Mail of Spirits”, “Spectator”, “Mercury”.
Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich (1797-1846) - poet. He was one of the Decembrists. Close friend of Pushkin. Author of works: “The Argives”, “The Death of Byron”, “The Eternal Jew”.
Lazhechnikov Ivan Ivanovich (1792-1869) - writer, one of the founders of Russian historical novel. Author of novels " Ice house" and "Basurman".
Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich (1814-1841) - poet, writer, playwright, artist. Classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: the novel “A Hero of Our Time”, the story “ Prisoner of the Caucasus", poems "Mtsyri" and "Masquerade".
Leskov Nikolai Semenovich (1831-1895) – writer. The most famous works: “Lefty”, “Cathedrals”, “On Knives”, “Righteous”.
Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich (1821-1878) - poet and writer. Classic of Russian literature. Head of the Sovremennik magazine, editor of the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine. The most famous works: “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, “Russian Women”, “Frost, Red Nose”.
Ogarev Nikolai Platonovich (1813-1877) - poet. Author of poems, poems, critical articles.
Odoevsky Alexander Ivanovich (1802-1839) - poet and writer. He was one of the Decembrists. Author of the poem "Vasilko", the poems "Zosima" and "Elder Prophetess".
Odoevsky Vladimirovich Fedorovich (1804-1869) - writer, thinker, one of the founders of musicology. He wrote fantastic and utopian works. Author of the novel “Year 4338” and numerous short stories.
Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich (1823-1886) – playwright. Classic of Russian literature. Author of plays: “The Thunderstorm”, “Dowry”, “The Marriage of Balzaminov” and many others.
Panaev Ivan Ivanovich (1812-1862) – writer, literary critic, journalist. Author of works: " Sissy", "Meeting at the station", "Lions of the province" and others.
Pisarev Dmitry Ivanovich (1840-1868) - literary critic of the sixties, translator. Many of Pisarev’s articles were dismantled into aphorisms.
Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich (1799-1837) - poet, writer, playwright. Classic of Russian literature. Author: poems “Poltava” and “Eugene Onegin”, stories “ Captain's daughter", a collection of stories "Belkin's Tales" and numerous poems. Founded the literary magazine Sovremennik.
Raevsky Vladimir Fedoseevich (1795-1872) - poet. Participant in the Patriotic War of 1812. He was one of the Decembrists.
Ryleev Kondraty Fedorovich (1795-1826) - poet. He was one of the Decembrists. Author of the historical poetic cycle "Dumas". Published literary almanac"Polar Star".
Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Efgrafovich (1826-1889) - writer, journalist. Classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: “Lord Golovlevs”, “ The wise minnow", "Poshekhonskaya antiquity". He was the editor of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.
Samarin Yuri Fedorovich (1819-1876) – publicist and philosopher.
Sukhovo-Kobylin Alexander Vasilievich (1817-1903) - playwright, philosopher, translator. Author of the plays: “Krechinsky’s Wedding”, “The Affair”, “The Death of Tarelkin”.
Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich (1817-1875) - writer, poet, playwright. Author of the poems: “The Sinner”, “The Alchemist”, the plays “Fantasy”, “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich”, the stories “The Ghoul” and “The Wolf’s Adopted”. Together with the Zhemchuzhnikov brothers, he created the image of Kozma Prutkov.
Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich (1828-1910) - writer, thinker, educator. Classic of Russian literature. Served in the artillery. Participated in the defense of Sevastopol. The most famous works: “War and Peace”, “Anna Karenina”, “Resurrection”. In 1901 he was excommunicated from the church.
Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich (1818-1883) - writer, poet, playwright. Classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: “Mumu”, “Asya”, “ Noble Nest", "Fathers and Sons".
Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803-1873) - poet. Classic of Russian literature.
Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich (1820-1892) – lyric poet, memoirist, translator. Classic of Russian literature. Author of numerous romantic poems. Translated Juvenal, Goethe, Catullus.
Khomyakov Alexey Stepanovich (1804-1860) - poet, philosopher, theologian, artist.
Chernyshevsky Nikolai Gavrilovich (1828-1889) - writer, philosopher, literary critic. Author of the novels “What to do?” and “Prologue”, as well as the stories “Alferyev”, “Small Stories”.
Chekhov Anton Pavlovich (1860-1904) - writer, playwright. Classic of Russian literature. Author of plays " The Cherry Orchard", "Three Sisters", "Uncle Vanya" and numerous stories. Conducted a population census on Sakhalin Island.
Several periods can be distinguished in Russian literature of the 20th century. The first two decades were called " silver age": this is an era of rapid development of literary trends, the emergence of a whole galaxy brilliant Masters Words. The literature of this period exposed the deep contradictions that arose in the society of that time. Writers were no longer satisfied with the classical canons; the search for new forms and new ideas began. On foreground universal human ones come out, philosophical themes about the meaning of life, about morality, about spirituality. More and more religious themes began to appear.
Three main literary trends were clearly identified: realism, modernism and the Russian avant-garde. The principles of romanticism are also being revived, this is especially clearly represented in the works of V. Korolenko and A. Green.
In the 30s there emerged " great turning point": thousands of intellectuals were subjected to repression, and the existence of severe censorship slowed down the development of literary processes.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, a new direction appeared in Russian literature - military. Initially, genres close to journalism were popular - features, essays, reports. Later, monumental paintings would appear that captured all the horrors of war and the fight against fascism. These are works by L. Andreev, F. Abramov, V. Astafiev, Yu. Bondarev, V. Bykov.
The second half of the 20th century is characterized by diversity and inconsistency. This is largely due to the fact that the development of literature was largely determined by the ruling structures. That is why there is such unevenness: now ideological dominance, now complete emancipation, now the commanding cry of censorship, now relaxation.
Russian writers of the 20th century
M. Gorky- one of the most significant writers and thinkers of the beginning of the century. Recognized as the founder of this literary direction like socialist realism. His works became a “school of excellence” for writers new era. And Gorky’s work had a huge influence on the development of world culture. His novels and stories were translated into many languages and became a bridge connecting the Russian revolution and world culture.
Selected works:
L.N.Andreev. The work of this writer is one of the first “swallows” of emigrant Russian literature. Andreev’s creativity fits harmoniously into the concept critical realism, which exposed the tragedy of social injustice. But, having joined the ranks of the white emigration, Andreev was forgotten for a long time. Although the significance of his work had big influence on the development of the concept of realistic art.
Selected work:
A.I. Kuprin. The name of this greatest writer is undeservedly ranked lower than the names of L. Tolstoy or M. Gorky. At the same time, Kuprin’s work is a vivid example original art, truly Russian, intelligent art. The main themes in his works: love, features of Russian capitalism, problems of the Russian army. Following Pushkin and Dostoevsky, A. Kuprin pays great attention to the topic " little man"The writer also wrote many stories specifically for children.
Selected works:
K.G.Paustovsky — amazing writer, who managed to remain original, to remain true to himself. There is no revolutionary pathos, loud slogans or socialist ideas. Paustovsky's main merit is that all his stories and novels seem to be standards of landscape, lyrical prose.
Selected works:
M.A. Sholokhov- a great Russian writer whose contribution to the development of world literature can hardly be overestimated. Sholokhov, following L. Tolstoy, creates amazing monumental canvases of Russian life in the most turning points stories. Sholokhov also went down in the history of Russian literature as a singer native land- Using the example of life in the Don region, the writer was able to show the full depth of historical processes.
Biography:
Selected works:
A.T. Tvardovsky — the brightest representative literature Soviet era, literature socialist realism. His work raised the most pressing problems: collectivization, repression, excesses of the idea of socialism. As the editor-in-chief of the magazine " New world"A. Tvardovsky revealed to the world the names of many “forbidden” writers. It was in his light hand A. Solzhenitsyn began to be published.
A. Tvardovsky himself remained in the history of literature as the author of the most lyrical drama about the war - the poem "Vasily Terkin".
Selected work:
B.L.Pasternak- one of the few Russian writers who received Nobel Prize in literature for his novel "Doctor Zhivago". Also known as a poet and translator.
Selected work:
M.A. Bulgakov... In world literature, perhaps, there is no more discussed writer than M. A. Bulgakov. The brilliant prose writer and playwright left many mysteries for future generations. His work harmoniously intertwined the ideas of humanism and religion, ruthless satire and compassion for man, the tragedy of the Russian intelligentsia and unbridled patriotism.
Selected works:
V.P. Astafiev- Russian writer in whose work the main themes were two: war and the Russian village. Moreover, all his stories and novels are realism in its most vivid embodiment.
Selected work:
- one of the most massive figures in Russian Soviet literature, and perhaps the most famous Turkic-speaking writer. His works depict a variety of periods Soviet history. But Aitmatov’s main merit is that he, like no one else, was able to colorfully and vividly embody the beauty of his native land on the pages.
Selected work:
With the collapse of the USSR, Russian literature reached an absolutely new stage of its development. Strict censorship and ideological orientation have become a thing of the past. The newfound freedom of speech became Starting point for the emergence of a whole galaxy of writers of a new generation and new directions: postmodernism, magical realism, avant-garde and others.
The list is not complete yet, since it only includes questions from tickets for secondary school or a basic level of(and were not included, accordingly - in-depth study or profile level and national school).
"The Life of Boris and Gleb" end XI - beginning. XII century
"The Tale of Igor's Host" late 12th century.
W. Shakespeare – (1564 – 1616)
"Romeo and Juliet" 1592
J-B. Moliere – (1622 – 1673)
"The tradesman among the nobility" 1670
M.V. Lomonosov – (1711 – 1765)
DI. Fonvizin - (1745 – 1792)
"Undergrowth" 1782
A.N. Radishchev – (1749 – 1802)
G.R. Derzhavin – (1743 – 1816)
N.M. Karamzin – (1766 – 1826)
"Poor Lisa" 1792
J. G. Byron – (1788 – 1824)
I.A. Krylov – (1769 – 1844)
"Wolf in the kennel" 1812
V.A. Zhukovsky – (1783 – 1852)
"Svetlana" 1812
A.S. Griboedov – (1795 – 1829)
"Woe from Wit" 1824
A.S. Pushkin – (1799 – 1837)
"Belkin's Tales" 1829-1830
"Shot" 1829
"Stationmaster" 1829
"Dubrovsky" 1833
"The Bronze Horseman" 1833
"Eugene Onegin" 1823-1838
"The Captain's Daughter" 1836
A.V. Koltsov – (1808 – 1842)
M.Yu. Lermontov – (1814 – 1841)
"Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and swashbuckling merchant Kalashnikov." 1837
"Borodino" 1837
"Mtsyri" 1839
"Hero of Our Time" 1840
"Farewell, unwashed Russia" 1841
"Motherland" 1841
N.V. Gogol – (1809 – 1852)
"Evenings on a farm near Dikanka" 1829-1832
"The Inspector General" 1836
"Overcoat" 1839
"Taras Bulba" 1833-1842
"Dead Souls" 1842
I.S. Nikitin – (1824 – 1861)
F.I. Tyutchev – (1803 – 1873)
"There is in the primordial autumn..." 1857
I.A. Goncharov – (1812 – 1891)
"Oblomov" 1859
I.S. Turgenev – (1818 – 1883)
"Bezhin Meadow" 1851
"Asya" 1857
"Fathers and Sons" 1862
"Shchi" 1878
ON THE. Nekrasov – (1821 – 1878)
"Railroad" 1864
"Who Lives Well in Rus'" 1873-76
F.M. Dostoevsky – (1821 – 1881)
"Crime and Punishment" 1866
"The Boy at Christ's Christmas Tree" 1876
A.N. Ostrovsky – (1823 – 1886)
"Our people - we'll be numbered!" 1849
"Thunderstorm" 1860
A.A. Fet – (1820 – 1892)
M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin – (1826-1889)
"Wild Landowner" 1869
"The story of how one man fed two generals" 1869
"The Wise Minnow" 1883
"Bear in the Voivodeship" 1884
N.S. Leskov – (1831 – 1895)
"Lefty" 1881
L.N. Tolstoy – (1828 – 1910)
"War and Peace" 1867-1869
"After the Ball" 1903
A.P. Chekhov – (1860 – 1904)
"Death of an Official" 1883
"Ionych" 1898
"The Cherry Orchard" 1903
M. Gorky – (1868 – 1936)
"Makar Chudra" 1892
"Chelkash" 1894
"Old Woman Izergil" 1895
"At the Bottom" 1902
A.A. Blok – (1880 – 1921)
"Poems about a beautiful lady" 1904
"Russia" 1908
cycle "Motherland" 1907-1916
"Twelve" 1918
S.A. Yesenin – (1895 – 1925)
“I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry...” 1921
V.V. Mayakovsky (1893 – 1930)
"Good Treatment for Horses" 1918
A.S. Green – (1880 – 1932)
A.I.Kuprin – (1870 – 1938)
I.A. Bunin – (1879 – 1953)
O.E. Mandelstam – (1891 – 1938)
M.A. Bulgakov – (1891 – 1940)
"White Guard" 1922-1924
"Heart of a Dog" 1925
"The Master and Margarita" 1928-1940
M.I. Tsvetaeva – (1892 – 1941)
A.P. Platonov – (1899 – 1951)
B.L. Pasternak – (1890-1960)
"Doctor Zhivago" 1955
A.A. Akhmatova – (1889 – 1966)
"Requiem" 1935-40
K.G. Paustovsky – (1892 – 1968)
"Telegram" 1946
M.A. Sholokhov – (1905 – 1984)
"Quiet Don" 1927-28
"Virgin Soil Upturned" t1-1932, t2-1959)
"The Fate of Man" 1956
A.T. Tvardovsky – (1910 – 1971)
"Vasily Terkin" 1941-1945
V.M. Shukshin – (1929 – 1974)
V.P. Astafiev – (1924 – 2001)
A.I. Solzhenitsyn – (born 1918)
"Matrenin's Dvor" 1961
V.G. Rasputin – (born 1937)
The idea of protecting the Russian land in works of oral folk art (fairy tales, epics, songs).
The work of one of the poets of the Silver Age.
Originality art world one of the poets of the Silver Age (using the example of 2-3 poems of the examinee’s choice).
The Great Patriotic War in Russian prose. (Using the example of one work.)
The feat of man in war. (Based on one of the works about the Great Patriotic War.)
Theme of the Great Patriotic War in the prose of the twentieth century. (Using the example of one work.)
Military theme in modern literature. (Using the example of one or two works.)
Your favorite poet in Russian literature of the 20th century. Reading his poem by heart.
Russian poets of the 20th century about the spiritual beauty of man. Reading one poem by heart.
Features of the work of one of the modern Russian poets of the second half of the twentieth century. (at the choice of the examinee).
Your favorite poems modern poets. Reading one poem by heart.
Your favorite poet. Reading one of the poems by heart.
Love theme in modern poetry. Reading one poem by heart.
Man and nature in Russian prose of the 20th century. (Using the example of one work.)
Man and nature in modern literature. (Using the example of one or two works.)
Man and nature in Russian poetry of the 20th century. Reading one poem by heart.
Your favorite literary character.
Review of the book modern writer: impressions and assessment.
One of the works of modern literature: impressions and assessment.
A book by a modern writer that you have read. Your impressions and assessment.
Your contemporary in modern literature. (For one or more works.)
Yours favorite piece modern literature.
Moral issues of modern Russian prose (using the example of a work of the examinee’s choice).
The main themes and ideas of modern journalism. (Using the example of one or two works.)
Heroes and problems of one of the works of modern Russian drama of the second half of the twentieth century. (at the choice of the examinee).
