What is Leo Tolstoy famous for briefly? Biography of Leo Tolstoy briefly, the most important thing and creativity

Conversation for children 5-9 years old: “Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy”

Preliminary work:
- Read fairy tales, stories, fables of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy
- Organize an exhibition of children's drawings based on the works they read

introduction in verse

Don't lose courage, don't take a step back.
A soldier's job is to fight bravely and skillfully.
Anyone who has never been in battle has never experienced courage.
Now we will check how brave and courageous our boys are.
Exit to the center of the hall. The game is played: Tug of war.
Leo Tolstoy traveled abroad twice in 1850 and 1860.
(Slide No. 3)
Returning back to Yasnaya Polyana, the family estate of Leo Tolstoy opens a school for serf children. At that time the country had serfdom- this is when all the peasants obeyed and belonged to the landowner. Previously, even in the cities there were not many schools, and only children from rich and noble families studied in them. People lived in villages and they were all illiterate.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy wrote sayings for children.
Where there is a flower, there is honey.
Unknown friend, not good for services.
Help your friend as much as you can.
The bird is red with its feather, and the man with his mind.
A drop is small, but drop by drop the sea.
Don't take it by the handful, but take it in a pinch.
If you want to eat rolls, don’t sit on the stove.
Summer gathers, winter eats.
Know how to take, know how to give.
You won't learn everything at once.
Learning is light, not learning is darkness.
The end is the crown of the matter.
Presenter: Well, at the end of our event we invite you to play an outdoor game:
"Golden Gate".

“Golden Gate, come through, gentlemen:
Saying goodbye for the first time
The second time is prohibited
And we won’t let you through the third time!”

When the last phrase sounds, “the gate is closing” - the drivers lower their hands and catch and lock those participants in the round dance who are inside the “gate”. Those who are caught also become “gates”. When the “gate” grows to 4 people, you can divide them and make two gates, or you can leave just a giant “gate”. If there are few “masters” left in the game, it is advisable to arrive under the goal, moving like a snake. The game usually goes down to the last two uncaught players. They become new leaders, form new gates.
(Slide No. 14 and No. 15)

Thank you for your attention! See you again!

APPLICATION

Illustrations from our young artists based on the works of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy read.

An outstanding Russian writer, philosopher and thinker, the count is known throughout the world. Even in the farthest corners of the world, as soon as the conversation turns to Russia, they certainly remember Peter the Great, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and several more from Russian history.

We decided to collect the most interesting facts from the life of Tolstoy to remind you of them, and maybe even surprise you with some things.

So, let's get started!

1. Tolstoy was born in 1828 and died in 1910 (he lived 82 years). He married 18-year-old Sofya Andreevna at the age of 34. They had 13 children, five of whom died in childhood.

   Leo Tolstoy with his wife and children

2. Before the wedding, Count gave future wife re-read his diaries, which described his numerous fornicating relationships. He considered it fair and just. According to the writer’s wife, she remembered their contents for the rest of her life.
3. At the beginning family life the young couple had complete harmony and mutual understanding, but over time the relationship began to deteriorate more and more, reaching its peak shortly before the death of the thinker.
4. Tolstoy's wife was a real housewife and conducted her household affairs in an exemplary manner.
5. An interesting fact is that Sofya Andreevna (Tolstoy’s wife) rewrote almost all of her husband’s works in order to send manuscripts to the publishing house. This was necessary because not a single editor could decipher the handwriting of the great writer.

   Diary of Tolstoy L.N.

6. Almost all her life, the thinker’s wife copied her husband’s diaries. However, shortly before his death, Tolstoy began to keep two diaries: one that his wife read, and the other personal. The elderly Sofya Andreevna was furious that she could not find him, although she searched the whole house.
7. All significant works(“War and Peace”, “Anna Karenina”, “Resurrection”) Leo Tolstoy wrote after his marriage. That is, until the age of 34 he did not engage in serious writing.

   Tolstoy in his youth

8. The creative heritage of Lev Nikolaevich amounts to 165 thousand sheets of manuscripts and ten thousand letters. Complete collection works published in 90 volumes.
9. An interesting fact is that in life Tolstoy could not stand it when dogs barked, and also did not like cherries.
10. Despite the fact that he was a count from birth, his soul always gravitated toward the people. Often peasants saw him plowing the field on his own. There is a funny anecdote on this occasion: “Leo Tolstoy sits in a linen shirt and writes a novel. A footman in livery and white gloves enters. “Your Excellency, it’s time to plow!”
11. Since childhood, he was an incredibly gambling person and gambler. However, like another great writer -.
12. Interestingly, Count Tolstoy once lost one of the buildings of his Yasnaya Polyana estate at cards. His partner dismantled the property that had been transferred to him down to the stud and took everything away. The writer himself dreamed of buying this extension back, but never realized it.
13. Excellent command of English, French and German languages. I read in Italian, Polish, Serbian and Czech. He studied Greek and Church Slavonic, Latin, Ukrainian and Tatar, Hebrew and Turkish, Dutch and Bulgarian.

    Portrait of the writer Tolstoy

14. As a child, Anna Akhmatova learned letters using a primer, which L.N. Tolstoy wrote for peasant children.
15. All his life he tried to help the peasants in everything he had the strength to do.

    Tolstoy and his assistants compile lists of peasants in need of help

16. The novel “War and Peace” was written over the course of 6 years, and then rewritten 8 more times. Tolstoy rewrote individual fragments up to 25 times.
17. The work “War and Peace” is considered the most significant in the work of the great writer, but he himself said the following in a letter to A. Fet: “I am happy that I will never write again verbose rubbish like "War".
18. An interesting fact about Tolstoy is also that the count, towards the end of his life, developed several serious principles of his worldview. The main ones boil down to non-resistance to evil through violence, denial private property and complete disregard for any authority, be it church, state or any other.

    Tolstoy with his family in the park

19. Many believe that Tolstoy was excommunicated from the Orthodox Church. In fact, the definition of the Holy Synod sounded verbatim like this:

“Therefore, testifying to his (Tolstoy’s – author’s) falling away from the Church, we pray together that the Lord will grant him repentance into the mind of truth.”

That is, the Synod simply testified that Tolstoy “self-excommunicated” from the Church. In fact, this was the case, if we analyze the writer’s numerous statements addressed to the Church.

1. In fact, towards the end of his life, Lev Nikolaevich actually expressed beliefs very far from Christianity. Quote:

“I do not want to be a Christian, just as I did not advise and would not want Buddhists, Confucionists, Taoists, Mohammedans and others to be.”



“Pushkin was like a Kyrgyz. Everyone still admires Pushkin. And just think about the excerpt from his “Eugene Onegin”, placed in all anthologies for children: “Winter. Peasant, triumphant..." Whatever the stanza is, it’s nonsense!

Meanwhile, the poet obviously worked hard and for a long time on the poem. "Winter. Peasant, triumphant..." Why "triumphant"? “Perhaps he’s going to town to buy some salt or shag.”

“On the firewood it renews the path. His horse smells the snow...” How can you “smell” snow?! After all, she runs in the snow - so what does flair have to do with it? Further: “Trotting somehow...”. This “somehow” is a historically stupid thing. And she got into the poem only for the rhyme.

The great Pushkin wrote this, undoubtedly clever man, wrote because he was young and, as a Kyrgyz, sang instead of speaking.

This question was asked to Tolstoy: But what, Lev Nikolaevich, should we do? Should I really give up writing?

Tolstoy: Of course, quit! I tell this to everyone who is a beginner. This is my usual advice. Now is not the time to write. You need to do things, live exemplary lives and teach others how to live by your example. Quit literature if you want to listen to the old man. Well for me! I will die soon…"




“Over the years, Tolstoy expresses his opinions about women more and more often. These opinions are terrible."

“If a comparison is needed, then marriage should be compared with a funeral, and not with a name day,” said Leo Tolstoy.

“The man was walking alone; five pounds were tied to his shoulders, and he was happy. What can I say, that if I walk alone, then I am free, but if my leg is tied to a woman’s leg, then she will drag behind me and interfere with me.

- Why did you get married? – asked the Countess.

“I didn’t know it then.”

Leo Tolstoy with his wife

Despite the interesting facts about Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy described above, he always declared that highest value in society it is a family.




“Indeed, Paris is not at all in harmony with its spiritual system; He’s a strange person, I’ve never met anyone like him and I don’t quite understand him. A mixture of poet, Calvinist, fanatic, barich - something reminiscent of Rousseau, but more honest than Rousseau - a highly moral and at the same time unsympathetic creature.




If you want to get acquainted with more detailed information from the biography of Tolstoy, then we recommend that you read it own work"Confession". We are sure that some things from the personal life of the outstanding thinker will simply shock you!

Well, friends, we have brought you the most complete list of the most interesting facts from the life of L.N. Tolstoy and we hope that you will share this post on any social network.

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Leo Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828 in Tula province in a family belonging to the noble class. In the 1860s he wrote his first great novel, War and Peace.

In 1873, Tolstoy began work on one of his most famous books: Anna Karenina. One of his most successful later works- “The Death of Ivan Ilyich.”

One day, Tolstoy’s elder brother, Nikolai, came to visit Lev during his army leave, and convinced his brother to join the army as a cadet in the south, in Caucasus mountains where he served. After serving as a cadet, Leo Tolstoy was transferred to Sevastopol in November 1854, where he fought in the Crimean War until August 1855.

During his years as a cadet in the army, Tolstoy had a lot of free time. During quiet periods he worked on autobiographical story called "Childhood". In it, he wrote about his favorite childhood memories. In 1852, Tolstoy sent a story to Sovremennik, the most popular magazine of the time.

After completing his story "Childhood", Tolstoy began writing about his daily life at an army outpost in the Caucasus. The work “Cossacks”, which he began during his army years, was completed only in 1862, after he had already left the army.

Surprisingly, Tolstoy managed to continue writing while actively fighting in the Crimean War. At this time he wrote "Boyhood", a sequel to "Childhood", the second book in autobiographical trilogy Tolstoy. In the midst Crimean War Tolstoy expressed his views on the astonishing contradictions of war through a trilogy of works " Sevastopol stories" In the second book of Sevastopol Stories, Tolstoy experimented with relatively new technology: Part of the story is presented as a narration from the soldier's point of view.

After the end of the Crimean War, Tolstoy left the army and returned to Russia. Arriving home, the author enjoyed great popularity on the literary scene of St. Petersburg.

Stubborn and arrogant, Tolstoy refused to belong to any particular school of philosophy. Declaring himself an anarchist, he left for Paris in 1857. Once there, he lost all his money and was forced to return home to Russia. He also managed to publish Youth, the third part of an autobiographical trilogy, in 1857.

Returning to Russia in 1862, Tolstoy published the first of 12 issues of the thematic magazine Yasnaya Polyana. That same year he married the daughter of a doctor named Sofya Andreevna Bers.

Living in Yasnaya Polyana with his wife and children, Tolstoy spent most 1860s, working on his first famous novel"War and Peace". Part of the novel was first published in “Russian Bulletin” in 1865 under the title “1805”. By 1868 he had published three more chapters. A year later, the novel was completely finished. Both critics and the public argued about historical justice Napoleonic Wars in the novel, combined with the development of stories that are thoughtful and realistic, but still fictional characters. The novel is also unique in that it includes three long satirical essays on the laws of history. Among the ideas that Tolstoy also tries to convey in this novel is the belief that the position of man in society and the meaning human life are mainly derivatives of his daily activities.

Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich was born on 08/28/1828 (or 09/09/1828 according to the old style). Died - 11/07/1910 (11/20/1910).

Russian writer, philosopher. Born in Yasnaya Polyana, Tula province, into a wealthy aristocratic family. He entered Kazan University, but then left it. At the age of 23 he went to war with Chechnya and Dagestan. Here he began to write the trilogy “Childhood”, “Adolescence”, “Youth”.

In the Caucasus

In the Caucasus he took part in hostilities as an artillery officer. During the Crimean War he went to Sevastopol, where he continued to fight. After the end of the war, he went to St. Petersburg and published “Sevastopol Stories” in the Sovremennik magazine, which clearly reflected his outstanding writing talent. In 1857, Tolstoy went on a trip to Europe, which disappointed him.

From 1853 to 1863 He wrote the story “Cossacks”, after which he decided to interrupt his literary activity and become a landowner, doing educational work in the village. For this purpose, he went to Yasnaya Polyana, where he opened a school for peasant children and created his own system of pedagogy.

In 1863-1869. He wrote his fundamental work “War and Peace”. In 1873-1877. He created the novel Anna Karenina. During these same years, the writer’s worldview, known as Tolstoyism, was fully formed, the essence of which is visible in the works: “Confession”, “What is my faith?”, “The Kreutzer Sonata”.

The teaching is set out in the philosophical and religious works “Study of Dogmatic Theology”, “Connection and Translation of the Four Gospels”, where the main emphasis is on the moral improvement of man, the denunciation of evil, and non-resistance to evil through violence.
Later, a duology was published: the drama “The Power of Darkness” and the comedy “The Fruits of Enlightenment,” then a series of stories and parables about the laws of existence.

Admirers of the writer’s work came to Yasnaya Polyana from all over Russia and the world, whom they treated as a spiritual mentor. In 1899, the novel “Resurrection” was published.

Tolstoy's last works

The writer’s latest works are the stories “Father Sergius”, “After the Ball”, “ Posthumous notes Elder Fyodor Kuzmich" and the drama "The Living Corpse".

Tolstoy's confessional journalism gives a detailed idea of ​​his emotional drama: painting pictures of social inequality and idleness of the educated strata, Tolstoy harshly posed questions of the meaning of life and faith to society, criticized everything state institutions, going so far as to deny science, art, court, marriage, and the achievements of civilization. Tolstoy's social declaration is based on the idea of ​​Christianity as a moral teaching, and he interpreted the ethical ideas of Christianity in a humanistic manner, as the basis of the universal brotherhood of man. In 1901 the reaction of the Synod followed: worldwide famous writer was officially excommunicated from the church, which caused enormous public outcry.

Death

On October 28, 1910, Tolstoy secretly left Yasnaya Polyana from his family, fell ill on the way and was forced to get off the train at the small Astapovo Ryazan-Uralskaya railway station railway. Here, in the station master's house, he spent the last seven days of his life.

short biography Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Born in 1828 into an aristocratic family. Father, Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, is a retired lieutenant colonel of the Pavlograd Hussar Regiment, a participant in the Patriotic War. Mother - Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya.

The parents of the future writer died early, his mother when he was 2 years old, his father when he was 9 years old. The five orphaned children were raised by relatives-guardians.

In 1844-46. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy tried to study at the university, but his studies were given to him with great difficulty, and educational institution he quit. After this, the count lived on his estate for four years, trying to build relationships with the peasants in a new way; contributed to the opening of new schools in villages.

At the same time, he occasionally came to Moscow, where he indulged in gambling, which undermined him more than once financial situation. After another major loss, in 1851 he went to the army in the Caucasus, where his older brother was serving at that time.

It was in the Caucasus that Lev Nikolaevich discovered his need for creativity. Created autobiographical story“Childhood” and sent the manuscript (signed simply: “LNT”) to the court of Nikolai Nekrasov, a famous poet and publisher of the authoritative literary monthly “Sovremennik”. He published the story, calling Tolstoy “a new and reliable talent” in Russian literature.

For five years Tolstoy served as an artillery officer. First he participates in the Chechen campaign, then in battles with the Turks on the Danube, then in the Crimea, where he heroically showed himself during the defense of Sevastopol, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Anna.

He devotes all his free time from work to creativity. “Adolescence” and “Youth,” the next parts of the autobiographical trilogy, were also published in Sovremennik and became very popular. Few writers have managed to so subtly explore the mental life of a person and at the same time convey all this in such a simple and easy style.

Bright and interesting scenes from Tolstoy’s army and military life were reflected in his “Cossacks”, “Hadji Murat”, “Cutting Wood”, “Raid”, and especially in the magnificent “Sevastopol Stories”.

After his resignation, Tolstoy went on a long trip to Europe. Returning home, he devoted himself entirely to public education. Helped in opening 20 rural schools in the Tula province, he taught at a school in Yasnaya Polyana himself, compiled alphabet books and educational books for children. In 1862 he married 18-year-old Sophia Bers, and in 1863 he returned to literary activity and started working on my greatest work- the epic novel “War and Peace”.

Tolstoy approached his work extremely responsibly, having studied thousands of sources about Patriotic War 1812: memoirs, letters from contemporaries and participants in the events. The first part was published in 1865, and the writer finished the novel only in 1869.

The novel amazed and continues to amaze readers with its combination of an epic picture historical events with the living destinies of people, deep penetration into soul feelings and throwing people around. The second internationally recognized work of the writer was the novel “Anna Karenina” (1873-77).

IN last decades XIX century Tolstoy philosophized a lot on the topic of faith and the meaning of life. These quests were reflected in his religious treatises, in which he tried to understand the essence of Christianity and convey its principles in understandable language.

Tolstoy prioritized moral purification and self-improvement of the individual, as well as the principle of non-resistance to evil through violence. The writer criticized the official Orthodox Church for her dogmatism and close connection with the state, for which the Synod excommunicated him from the church.

But, despite this, until the end of his life, followers of his religious and moral teachings came to Tolstoy from all over the country. The writer did not stop his work to support rural schools.

IN last years In his life, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy decided to renounce all private property, which displeased his wife and children. Offended by them, at the age of 82 he decided to leave home, took the train, but soon caught a bad cold and died. This happened in 1910.

Lev Nikolaevich went down in history not only as a brilliant, world-famous writer, but also as a great teacher, theologian and preacher of Christianity.