Komi folk art village hut. Presentation for a local history lesson (7th grade) on the topic: Komi - rituals

Among the Komi, there are two types of huts: Sysolskaya and Vymskaya huts. The first type is a square structure, consisting of two parts of equal area - residential and utility. Both halves are closely adjacent to each other. The residential half consists of two independent huts with four walls - a winter hut and a summer hut. Adjacent to the back of the huts is the frame of a covered two-tier utility yard, top part which was used as a barn for hay and bulky household utensils. Lower tier served as a barnyard.

The second type of house, called a high house-complex, differs from the Sysol type of house by its front facade. The roof over the residential part and the utility yard, located along one axis behind the housing, is common, gable. The residential half of the Vymsky house, just like the Sysolsky one, consists of winter and summer huts, separated by an entryway. However, their internal space is organized differently. The stove is located not opposite the entrance, but next to it, and its mouth faces the windows of the front wall of the hut.

Various household tools were stored in the canopy (on the left hang scissors for shearing sheep, scrapers for sanding logs, carders, a sieve, and a ratchet). All items belong to village residents and are collected in folk museum during the year.

There are no partitions or separate rooms in the hut. Here is the kitchen, and the front red corner, and the hallway - the sub-porozhye. The height of the log ceiling is amazing (height from the floor 3.3 m). Probably, the hut used to be a smokehouse, that is, it was heated “in the black.” Later a white adobe stove was installed. It occupies almost a quarter of the volume of the hut. The area of the hut is small, about 25 m2. However, she lived here big family- more than ten people, and everyone had their own place during work, lunch, sleep...

The interior has been created in the hut peasant hut: table, covered with a tablecloth, on it there is a hollowed out cup, a solonichka - a duck, spoons. Nearby there is a ripple on a birch pole. There is also a light, multi-colored belts, sashes. Great place Kitchen utensils occupy the shelves and benches.

Due to the scarcity of sources, it is only possible general outline trace the evolution of Komi dwellings on early stages its development. The oldest type The dwellings of the Komi ancestors were dugouts and semi-dugouts with an open hearth. Archaeologists distinguish four types of buildings for the Eneolithic-Bronze period: log semi-dugouts, semi-dugouts of a pillar structure, polygonal tented semi-dugouts and ground structures without pits (the latter are most typical for the Bronze Age). The Ananyin and Glydenovsky times are characterized by rectangular, slightly recessed into the ground, log structures (3-5 crowns for winter and one crown for summer) with a hut-like ceiling on poles, covered with birch bark (in some Glyadenovo dwellings, holes from pillar structures were found). The development of this type of dwelling are buildings belonging to the Vanvizda culture (second half of the 1st millennium AD), apparently belonging to the direct ancestors of the Komi (Archeology 1997, pp. 268, 359, 427-428).

What follows is a “gap” in our knowledge about the development of housing, due to poor knowledge of the settlements of Perm Vychegda (X-XIV centuries). Perhaps the dwellings of the Permians were similar to those identified at the monuments of the Verkhnekamsk Rodanian culture of the same time, genetically related to the Komi-Permyaks, rather large log buildings without a foundation, under a gable roof, without a ceiling or windows, with bunks along the walls and a fireplace in the center. The dwelling was adjacent to outbuildings: a stable and a barn.

Ethnographer L.N. Zherebtsov, based on inventories of peasant farms of the Yarensk voivodeship office and other documents of the 17th-18th centuries, noted that in the Middle Ages the development of Komi housing was under the influence of northern Russians. On the similarity of Komi and North Russian dwellings at the end of the 17th century. Izbrand Ides indicated in his notes. Apparently, the Komi adopted from the Russians a three-part house, including a hut, a canopy and a cage (a room for storing household equipment, clothes, etc.), but the canopy did not receive the same development as in Russian housing. Houses with two huts appear and soon become traditional (the second hut replaces the cage that “passes over” to the farm yard). Wealthy peasants had buildings more complex composition: “a mansion of a hut and an upper room, two cages, including one opposite the upper room with a partition, the other opposite the hut.” Among the outbuildings, courtyards, barns, barns, and baths are mentioned. Apparently, already in the 18th century. a complex consists of two residential premises (two huts or a hut and an upper room), separated by an entryway, in one connection with the utility yard (Zherebtsov L. 1956, pp. 44-46).

And only extensive materials (descriptions of travelers, preserved buildings, etc.) of the 19th - early 20th centuries. allow us to get a fairly complete picture of the various types of Komi housing, reflecting the different socio-economic status of the owners, features economic complex various groups Komi, the influence of the neighboring Russian population. In that brief overview Some of them, the most common ones, are discussed*.

The simplest type of dwelling, quite common back in the 40-50s, but now extremely rare, is a hut with a hallway enclosed by a solid wall, under a pitched roof. The barn was either absent or built separately from the house. Such a house was typical for the poorest peasant families(Belitzer 1958, p. 178). Very similar to them are the huts sometimes found today with attached vestibules (in the form of a vestibule covered with boards), covered with a common pitched roof. But they cannot be attributed to this type. As a rule, these are the “remains” of two-hut complexes, in which one hut and a utility yard were dismantled due to disrepair or uselessness.

A very old type of house is the twin hut: two huts (one summer, the other winter), placed almost close to each other (at a distance of up to 1.5 meters), under pitched roofs, forming a common gable roof. The canopy, common to the two huts, is built at the back and connects the living area with the utility yard. It happens that both huts are summer huts, and the winter hut is fenced off in the rear part of the building, occupying half of the utility yard (underneath it in the basement there is a barn, which can be accessed directly from the living space). Another option: a three-walled utility yard is attached to the residential huts, the entrance is cut through its side wall, and the space serving as a canopy is only indicated by cuttings. Currently, twin huts are rare, mainly in Udora and Priluzye (Zherebtsov L. 1971, pp. 58-60).

However, by far the most widespread, and not only in the Komi region, but also in the Russian North and Siberia, was the one that developed in the 18th century. house-connection - two huts (warm and cold), “connected” by a vestibule, with a utility yard built into one connection. This design can be easily divided into individual elements, and over time, a hut that has become unusable can be replaced with a new one. There are buildings in which one part is a traditional four-walled hut under a pitched roof, and the other, newer part is a five-walled hut with a gable roof. If desired, other elements can be added to the main structure. On the middle Vychegda, for example, a small cold room is attached to one of the huts, but the farm yard is not lengthened, and the result is an L-shaped building.

Architect I.N. Shurgin identified two types of connection houses, tentatively calling them “Sysolsky” and “Vymsky”. "Sysolsky" house is mainly distributed in southern areas Komi habitats are on Sysol and Priluzye, as well as on the middle and upper Vychegda, but it is also found on the Vym. The “Vymsky” house exists not only on Vym, but also on Vychegda, Udora and lower Sysol. Both types have the same functional plan structure, and, apparently, developed simultaneously. The difference is in the orientation of the facade relative to the roof. In the “Sysolsky” house, the residential and utility parts have pitched roofs; in the “Vymsky” house, each hut has a pitched roof, which extends over the adjacent part of the utility yard. In both cases, a gable roof is obtained over the entire building (Shurgin 1988, pp. 200-220).

One of the most common types of housing is a six-walled house with an alley (a house with a medium-sized cold room), the spread of which can be traced back to the second half of the 19th century. The middle room is located in the place of the vestibule near the communication house. It is smaller in size than the winter and summer huts, connected by a passage to only one of them, and sometimes serves as an additional room (usually a bedroom), sometimes as a utility room (closet or workshop). The residential part of such a house is connected to the utility part through a vestibule, similar to a twin hut. In all likelihood, this type of house appeared as a result of modification ("sliding" of two main walls) of a twin hut. But it is possible that this is a modified house-connection of the “Vym” type, at least “the main zone of distribution of the six-walled building is adjacent to the localization of the Vym dwelling, penetrating into its environment” (Makovetsky 1962, pp. 43-45; Shurgin 1990, pp. 307).

Also in the second half of the nineteenth century. (on Izhma, probably much earlier) such currently ubiquitous types of housing as a five-walled building (a four-walled log house divided by a fifth main wall) and a six-walled cross-shaped building (a square log house in plan, divided into four parts by two main walls intersecting under right angle). Five-wall buildings come in two types: with a gable roof on the rafters and a utility yard, “connected” by a canopy to the residential part (like a twin hut) and with a four-slope roof on the rafters, not connected to the utility yard. Six-wall cross buildings always have a hipped roof on the rafters and are not connected to the utility yard. In a five-wall building, living quarters are traditionally divided into summer and winter. In a six-wall cross, one room replaces the canopy, the second serves as a kitchen, and two rooms are living rooms (both heated). Currently, instead of a vestibule, a covered porch with a vestibule and a veranda is being added (in such a house there are three living rooms).

Both the five-wall and the six-wall cross appear in the Komi region in a “ready-made” form. The five-wall building with a gable roof “came” from neighboring Russian regions, where it had been common for a long time. The appearance of five-wall and cross-wall buildings is associated with the city, where these types of houses began to be introduced as “model projects” from the beginning of the 19th century. Accordingly, the first type of five-wall is more common in the village, and the second and cross-shaped are more common in the city. A peculiar type of five-walled building is a house with a mezzanine. There are houses where the light is fenced off in the under-roof space, with a window cut into the street, and houses with a “tower” - a small four-walled frame “resting” on the ceiling.

Two-story houses are typical only for the Komi-Izhemtsy and the neighboring Russian Ust-Tsilema. By design, they belong to the types already known to us. The most common is a two-story five-wall building (in the village of Izhma there is a house of this type built in 1781), which has two living spaces on each floor. For such a house, the canopy is built at the back of the living part and connects it with the utility yard. Less common are two-story connected houses (the entrance is arranged from the facade, through the vestibule; on the second floor, due to the space above the vestibule, three living rooms are obtained) and six-walled houses with a side street (the vestibule, like a five-walled one, is arranged behind the living part, and on each floor there are three living rooms). Many of these houses can be considered two-story only with some stretch, since the first floor is equipped in the basement. IN special group We can highlight a few two-story mansions with a mezzanine of wealthy reindeer herders and traders (the houses of Popov, Noritsyn in the village of Izhma, and others). They differ not only in layout, but also in decor.

In other areas, two-story houses were found only among merchants. In such houses the first floor in the basement was used as commercial premises. Trade is associated with the appearance of two-story houses in the few villages where fairs were held. For example, from the end of the nineteenth century. two-story houses began to be built in the village of Vazhgort on Udora, where a large Epiphany fair was held. The peasants rented out the lower floors for shops and warehouses to visiting traders, and the upper floors were allocated for housing. Vazhgort houses differ from Izhem houses in that they are divided into three parts: the front summer half (five- or six-walled), then, through the entryway on the second floor, a utility yard, and a winter quarters (the second floor is residential, and the first floor houses a stable) (Zherebtsov L. 1971, pp. 66-68).

Short description main design features of Komi traditional home shows extreme rationality and adaptability to the harsh northern conditions (primarily heat preservation and waterproofing) of its design. At external simplicity and unpretentiousness, a peasant house embodies centuries-old construction experience - it contains many simple and ingenious devices and structures that contribute to the stability of the building, reliable fastening of its parts, etc. Main building material In the forest region, naturally, a tree served. Only in Ust-Sysolsk could one find a few brick residential buildings. In the village, only churches were made of stone (at the beginning of the twentieth century - about half of all churches in the Komi region) and, in some villages, administrative buildings and schools.

Houses were built from thick pine or larch logs (usually only the lower crowns, which were most exposed to water, were made of larch, which is resistant to rotting). The usual number of crowns is 15-17 (along the pediment). The floors were laid at a height of 1.5-2 meters from the ground. The high basement, common for all northern houses, helped to retain heat and “raised” the living part above the snow. “The dwelling of the local residents is distinguished by its enormousness and massiveness: Initially, two log houses are erected, for two separate huts, at a distance of a fathom from one another. These log houses can be up to 3 in height sazhen*: When two huts are erected, they begin to build a canopy. They are made between the huts and are usually taken from logs, attached, without special fortifications or connections, to the ends of the hut logs," - this is how the “Vym” house-connection in the middle was built XIX century (Avramov 1859, No. 42).

The houses were built “without any plans or foundations.” However, buildings “on the ground” (the first crown is placed directly on the ground) were very rare. Usually the log house was placed on “chairs” (pine logs dug into the ground) or stones placed under the corners of the building. There were also combined options (it was believed that if the house stood only on stones, it would be cold). Only in the second half of the twentieth century. houses appear on strip foundations.

The corners of the log house were cut into a “bowl” with an “outlet”. Cutting "in the paw" was common in the city, but in the villages they began to cut it this way only in the last 30-40 years. The logs of the log house were necessarily lined with moss (for thermal insulation). Until the middle of the nineteenth century. the groove was cut out in the upper part of the log, which was impractical, since water accumulated in the grooves and the log house quickly became unusable. Later, they began to cut the groove at the bottom of the log, which is technically more difficult, but makes the construction more durable. In some old buildings, the upper rims are lined with birch bark, which serves as waterproofing (Zherebtsov L. 1971, P.41). Only at the end of the nineteenth century. houses paneled and painted appear (probably this innovation came from the city, where paneled houses appeared in the first half of the 19th century). Sheathing and painting houses became a widespread custom only in the second half of the 20th century.

The floors were always made double to preserve heat. In the middle of the nineteenth century. they were laid “from whole logs, and on top of them there were other thick blocks split into two with special axes” (Avramov 1859, No. 42). Later, floors began to be assembled from blocks hewn on both sides, tightly fitted to each other using notches driven into the groove of the next block. A similar method was used to attach the floor to the walls of the log house. But there was also another: the log to which the floor adjoins is half-shaved in order to fit the outer block more tightly, and the floor is supported on crossbars (two of them must be laid close to the walls), placed perpendicular to the blocks.

In the surviving houses of the second half of the 19th century. There are ceilings made of whole or split logs in half (with the round part down). Later, the ceilings began to be made from the same blocks as the floor, covering them with earth on top. The ceiling was attached to the walls using a cutout, similar to the floor. In the center, the ceiling rests on a thick round log - matitsa. The floor and ceiling blocks were laid perpendicular to the entrance. Painting ceilings and floors oil paint- a rather late phenomenon.

The usual number of windows on the facade is six (three in each hut). The five-walled and cross-shaped buildings usually had four windows. In the first half of the nineteenth century. the windows were cut out small (30x40 cm), and the middle window was always slightly larger than the outer ones. They were made single-frame, without platbands. “Small fragments of dull glass are inserted into the frames of these windows, and if there is a shortage of them, the frames are covered either with bull bladder or with scraps of canvas soaked in cow fat; in winter, from the outside, for greater warmth, thin transparent ice is frozen into the windows” (Mikhailov 1852 , p. 322). In the surviving houses of the late 19th century. on Sysol, upper Pechora, upper Vychegda you can find small portico windows above the stove (it is located on the wall opposite the entrance, with its mouth facing the door, and the stove window served to illuminate the floors). At that time. Large (70x90 cm or more) slanted windows with two frames, but without shutters, were already being cut everywhere. Casement windows were very rare.

The entrance to the house was decorated in different ways. In houses with an internal staircase in the hallway, it is located at ground level and is decorated with a small pavement of blocks and railings. The porches of Izhemsk two-story houses were completely absent or were low. But more often the entrance to the vestibule was made at floor level, and a high porch led to it, very noticeable against the background of the monotonous, almost undecorated facade of a residential building. Usually it consists of a platform fixed on four pillars, to which a steep staircase leads. The porch was covered with a flat ceiling, a pitched or gable roof. The porches of the houses on Vym are distinguished by their originality: the lower platform and steep staircase were covered with a flat roof on pillars, and the upper platform had a ridge ceiling decorated with carvings. Similar porches are found on Udora, only without the lower platform. The design of a porch with a vestibule or veranda, which is common today in the 19th century. not applied.

The roof was covered with planks in two rows, and the planks were laid in a checkerboard pattern to ensure water resistance. To drain water in the narrows, a gutter or two paths were cut out (the second option is a later one). The tess was laid on his bed and pressed down with poles on top. The lower ends of the narrows rested on a drainage gutter, mounted on “hens,” and the upper ends were fixed on a prince’s log. With a single-pitched roof covering two huts, the ends of the roofs often did not meet, but went one under the other. This constructive technique was typical for “black” huts - smoke was drawn out into the crack. With a gable roof, the ends of the planks were pressed down from above with a slab - a log with a groove hollowed out in the lower part. For the ohlupnya, a log with a butt was selected, from which a stylized figure of a duck or horse was carved. The truss structure for fastening the roof, which is quite widespread today, was only available in “urban” five-wall and six-wall cross structures.

A traditional Komi peasant house, massive, made of logs darkened by time, is poorly decorated and therefore looks rather ascetic. In addition to ohlupnyas, “hens” were completed with stylized figures of birds. Figuratively carved outlets and threads treated with notched carvings are much less common. In houses of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Sometimes there are cornices and roof piers and window frames decorated with sawn carvings. It should be noted that few decorative elements are distinguished by significant plastic diversity (Gribova 1980, pp. 32-51).

Internal structure of Komi traditional house in many ways similar to Northern Russian housing. The initial division of premises into a hut, a canopy and a cage already in the 18th century. is replaced by a division into a winter hut, a canopy (they were used not only for access to living quarters and the utility yard, but also as a storage room) and a summer hut (upper room), and there could be several upper rooms, depending on the type of house. The kitchen was very rarely separated into a separate room. The main living room was the winter hut, “the Zyryan’s always favorite peace.” As a rule, the owners did not live in the summer hut - it served as the front, guest part of the house. At the end of the nineteenth century. stoves began to be installed in the summer hut, so that it only by tradition retained its name. But the summer hut remained the front part of the home, with the exception of those cases when one house was “shared” by two families (families of brothers or the parental family and the family of a married son).

Of course, the most honorable place in the house was given to the Russian stove (Dutch stoves appeared only at the beginning of the twentieth century, and then mainly in the city), according to figuratively M. Mikhailov - to the “Zyryan heat”, which occupied “more than half of the room, which, in itself, would have been very spacious without it.” In the middle of the nineteenth century. on the upper Pechora and upper Vychegda, Vishera and Lokchim adobe ovens were still found (Belitser 1958, p. 186). But even at that time, in most houses the stoves were made of unbaked brick, made by the peasants themselves. The stoves were placed either on poles or on a frame made of blocks and were raised above the floor. On wooden base Bricks or stones filled with liquid clay were laid in several rows. On this basis, the walls and a hemispherical firebox were laid out, and the space between them was filled with small stones with liquid clay. A stitch of clay and sand was made on top, on which the planks of the couch were laid. The height of the stove without a chimney reached two meters. Back in the first half of the nineteenth century. Black stoves (without a chimney) predominated. However, M. Istomin noted in 1862 that “there are currently no so-called black huts with smoke walls in the Izhemsky village.” On Udor in the 70s. XIX century, according to the observation of In. Popov, “many huts are half black and half white. However, in Lately they began to build only white huts, preferring them to black ones, in order to avoid smoke and cold during heating" (Istomin 1862, p. 137; Popov 1875, no. 89). Black stoves survived the longest in the upper reaches of the Vychegda, Vym and Pechora.

The most common type of internal layout of a hut is the Middle Russian one, when the stove is located next to the entrance, with the mouth towards the front wall. In this case, the “red corner” (the most revered place in the house, where icons are placed, there is a table and benches for shared meals) is located near the front wall, diagonally from the stove. Another type, found in the houses of the Verkhnevychegda, Verkhnepechora and Sysolsk Komi, the stove is located at the front wall, with its mouth towards the entrance, and the “red corner” is located near the door. Apparently, “among the Komi this plan arose completely independently, it is the most ancient plan in general and the oldest plan in this territory, its origin is connected with the earlier dwellings of the Komi - a dugout and a half-dugout, in which the door served the only source light" (Belitser 1958, p. 185). The location of the stove also determines the location of the golbets (underground under the living area for storing food and household utensils) and the floors. In the first case, the floors were installed above the door, and the entrance to the golbets was between the stove and the wall houses, in the second - the floors were laid near the front wall of the house, opposite the entrance, and the entrance to the underground was located at the outside of the stove.In the white huts, even with a stove, the floors and golbets were not installed.

The interior space of the hut is clearly divided by matitsa into “front” and “back”. The guest, as a rule, remained in the front part and, without the invitation of the hosts, did not move beyond the mother to the back, family part. The space in front of the oven is considered the female part, kitchen. It is distinguished by two beams located approximately at a height of two meters perpendicular to the entrance (they placed kitchen utensils). Opposite the stove was the “red corner” - the most honorable, family ritual place and place of meals.

The interior of a peasant house is extremely simple, even ascetic. All the furniture was a homemade large table in the “red corner”, wall benches (attached in a groove cut into the logs of the wall) and a small table by the stove. Shelves for household items were attached to the walls at human height. Clothes were stored in chests, and dishes were stored in small box at the stove (counter). The family slept on the stove and sheets. The hut was illuminated by a torch fixed in a special metal holder.

At the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries. elements of the interior of “urban” housing are beginning to penetrate into the rural environment. Furniture includes beds, small tables, chairs, stools, wardrobes handicraft production. Painting walls, floors and ceilings, and wallpapering walls (the logs of the inside of the wall are first trimmed) are becoming somewhat widespread. Curtains appear on the windows, lithographs and photographs appear on the walls. The torch is replaced by a kerosene lamp. But these innovations were typical for a small part of the rural population - the clergy and intelligentsia, wealthy peasants, especially in Izhemsk and suburban villages.

25 Clothing of the Tatars and Bashkirs

Target: Formation of ideas about the life and way of life of the people Komi

Tasks:

Continue to introduce children to everyday life and utensils Komi families; with creativity Komi people;

Give children information about the placement of furniture, cradle, stove in the interior of the hut.

Introduce new Komi words: kerka, pach, labich, sov doz, pan, tuis

Expand your horizons, develop mental operations, analysis, comparison.

To cultivate interest, respect and love for folk games.

Progress of the lesson:

Q: Guys, you would like to know how our ancestors lived in the past. I suggest taking a trip in a time machine. Now we will go to our Komi Republic into the past. Let’s close our eyes and say: “One, two, three, turn around and immediately find yourself in the past.”

(Children close their eyes, the teacher turns on the first slide, which depicts a wooden old house.) (Slide No. 1)

Q: In ancient times, as in our time, every person had a home. Why do you think a person needs a house? (Children's answers)

Q: People built houses for themselves to shelter from bad weather, from wild animals, and to warm themselves by the fire. We come home to rest and gain strength. What could people use to build a house before? (Children's answers)

Q: That's right, guys. A long time ago, people built their homes from wooden logs. And the house was called hut (according to komi-kerka). The church was built by the entire village or street.

What are modern houses called? Houses, cottages

Let's look at the interior of a Komi hut. (slide No. 2)

Guys, look, how is a hut different from your house?

Do you like to solve riddles? I will ask riddles, and you look for the answer inside the hut.

1. There is a hut, everyone is sitting on it. (Shop – labich).2. What kind of bird is it that stores salt? (Salt shaker - so many doses).3. She doesn’t eat herself, but feeds all the people. (Spoon - pan).4. A birch bark boy with a cap instead of a hat. It helps people a lot, it preserves all kinds of food. (Tues - tuis).

Guys, what can you store in a container?

What do you think was the most important thing in the hut?

5. Riddle: “He sleeps in the summer, he burns in the winter, his mouth opens, what they give him, he swallows”? In every Komi hut there is a fat Malanya who feeds and warms. Bake.

That's right, it's a stove. (slide number 3). The stove is the heart of the house. Why do you think they say this? What was the stove for? The stove fed the family, warmed the house, children and old people slept on it, (slide No. 4) dried clothes and even washed. Will Komi bake? Pach.

Let's look at the stove. (slide number 5). In the old days, the stove was located in a corner near the wall with front door. She occupied most in the house. The space near the stove was called “woman’s place.” Why do you think he was called that? In this place the hostess cooked food, sewed, and spun.

What do you think the housewife could cook in the stove? Cabbage soup, porridge, baked bread (slide No. 6)

What do you think a canopy is? Each house had a canopy. Where various household tools were stored. (scissors, scrapers, sieve, various tools, chest, etc.) (slide No. 7)

The Komi people also loved to decorate their homes. And he decorated the products with elements of Komi ornament. (slide No. 8) Do you know the elements of Komi ornament? Let's play the game “Recognize and name the element of the Komi ornament.”

Well done. You know many elements.

Guys, what do you think, how did people spend free time How did you relax and have fun? They didn’t have a TV or a computer back then.

(Children's answers)

Q: Women sewed and knitted, men made crafts. They also organized holidays and entertainment. (slides 9 and 10), where they sang Komi songs, danced in circles, played different games. Let's play a game with you too interesting game. This game is called: “Let's make friends.” For this game we need to make two circles. One circle is boys, the other is girls. We also need 2 assistants, they will hold the scarf between two circles. Under the Komi melody you dance in a round dance, as soon as the music stops, the assistants lower the scarf, the two who are under the scarf must say polite words to each other in the Komi language.

Guys, take a little rest. Now I invite you to the table, here are pictures of Komi life. Let's play a game “Some are made of wood and birch bark, some are made of fur and fabric”. Boys will collect objects made of wood and birch bark into a basket, and girls will collect objects made of fur and fabric into a box.

Well done, everyone did it.

Last game “Repeat” (slide No. 11 with animation)(6 animations)

Is this a pot? No it's not a pot

Is this the number of doses? No, this is not the same dose.

Is this a pack? Yes, this is a pack. Etc.

We played well, visited the past, but it’s time to return to kindergarten. Let’s stand in a circle, close our eyes and say: “One, two, three, turn around and find yourself in the kindergarten.”

Well, here we are back kindergarten. I really enjoyed traveling with you in the time machine. And next time we will go in a time machine through Komi fairy tales.

KOMI PEASANT HUT

2011.

Goal of the work: 1. Introduce 6th grade students to the interior of a peasant hut 2. Collect information about the museum object of the village of Ust-Vym “Peasant Hut” Result of the work: Create model of a Komi peasant hut

This hut was built in 1911 year . Previously, the hut was located in the center of the village, next to the building high school, and in winter 1984 was moved to the museum area because Ust-Vym in the summer of 1985 was preparing to receive a delegation from the Finnish Congress Ugric peoples

Loom - Krosna

In a low room with a casement window The lamp glows in the twilight of the night: The weak light will completely freeze, It will shower the walls with trembling light. The new light is neatly tidied up: The window curtain turns white in the darkness; The floor is planed smooth; the ceiling is level; The stove collapsed into a corner. On the walls there are installations with grandfather’s goods, A narrow bench covered with a carpet, Painted hoop with an extendable chair And the bed is carved with a colored canopy. L. May

"Red Corner" The red corner was the personification of dawn

Cradle - “shaky” (potan). Installed in female half room, closed with a curtain from “evil spirits”.

Sharp objects are placed in the cradle as a talisman against the evil eye.

Bibliography: 1. Yukhnin V. Novel "The Scarlet Ribbon" 2. Text of the excursion on the topic “Komi peasant hut”. 3. Mei L. In a low light...