Hyperbole definition in literature examples. What is hyperbole, examples from literature and everyday life

Hyperbole is an exaggeration. We meet her, as in colloquial speech, and in literary.

Hyperbole is designed to enhance the expressiveness of a statement in order to show its special significance.

Mayakovsky greatly favored this technique.

Let's give another example:

Hyperbole is used to create brightness of the text and is mainly needed to give expressiveness to the text. Hyperbole deliberately greatly exaggerates an idea or subject that it looks almost beyond the reality. Hyperbole should be used appropriately and in the topic.

Hyperbole (in literature) is a certain literary device, the meaning of which is a figurative exaggeration of a particular action as a whole. For example: I have already said this a thousand and one times, that is, there is excessive exaggeration in this sentence, since normal person will not repeat any word or expression a thousand times.

Hyperbole is a stylistic figure of obvious and deliberate exaggeration in order to enhance expressiveness and emphasize what is being said.

Hyperbole is an exaggeration in a text. With the help of hyperbole, the author enhances the necessary impression, emphasizes what he glorifies or ridicules.

I'll tell you a hundred times said!

Hyperbole, including in literature, is an exaggeration of any property or quality. For example, in literature there is such an expression as dark, even if you poke your eyes out. This is precisely hyperbole.

Hyperbole means exaggeration. This is the name of a literary device, the essence of which is the deliberate exaggeration of the qualities or properties of the described object or character in order to enhance the impression of the reader. For example, Gogol’s famous “rare bird will fly to the middle of the Dnieper” is a hyperbole. It is clear that any bird can fly to the middle of the Dnieper, but Gogol’s technique emphasizes the greatness and power of the river.

I personally believe that the use of hyperbole in literature and especially literature for children is simply necessary. Otherwise it will be boring to read. And some works simply would not have been born. In many works this is simply necessary to emphasize the strength and scale of the actions.

Hyperbole is an exaggeration (to put it simply). Writers use this technique to better express emotions, to enhance the impression.

Example of hyperbole (exaggeration):

I've already said this a million times!

You can often find this technique in folk art(for example, in epics and fairy tales).

The concept of hyperbole in literature means exaggeration of various kinds. Many, if not all, works contain at least some exaggeration. An example of a hyperbole would be:

The dog was the size of a huge tower.

Hyperbole is an exaggeration. For example, Ilya Muromets, fighting with enemies, defeated the entire enemy army. One person cannot do this. This means the author used hyperbole. Hyperbole is used to interest the reader, enhance the expressiveness of the text, and to emphasize certain details.

Word hyperbola came into Russian from Greek (hyperbole) and in the source language means exaggeration. In linguistics term hyperbole called excessive exaggeration of the properties and qualities of an object or phenomenon to create a bright, expressive image. For example: we’ve known each other for a hundred years, there are rivers of blood, I’ve been waiting forever, she’s always late, she’s told you a hundred times, etc.

Examples of hyperbole from fiction:

Hyperbola

Hyperbola

HYPERBOLE (Greek - υπερβολη) - a stylistic figure of obvious and deliberate exaggeration, aimed at enhancing expressiveness, for example. "I've said this a thousand times." Hyperbole is often combined with other stylistic devices, giving them an appropriate coloring: hyperbolic comparisons, metaphors, etc. (“the waves rose like mountains”). The character or situation portrayed may also be hyperbolic. G. is also characteristic of the rhetorical, oratorical style, as a means of pathetic elation, as well as romantic style, where pathos meets irony. Of the Russian authors, Gogol is especially inclined to G., from newest poets- Mayakovsky (see Stylistics).

Literary encyclopedia. - At 11 t.; M.: Publishing House of the Communist Academy, Soviet encyclopedia, Fiction. Edited by V. M. Fritsche, A. V. Lunacharsky. 1929-1939 .

Hyperbola

(Greek hyperbole - exaggeration), trope, an expressive figurative means, a deliberate exaggeration of the attribute of an object or person: “Ivan Nikiforovich, on the contrary, has trousers with such wide folds that if you inflate them, then they could fit the entire yard with barns and buildings"(N.V. Gogol, “The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich”).

Literature and language. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Edited by prof. Gorkina A.P. 2006 .

Hyperbola

HYPERBOLA(Greek ‘υπερβολή - exaggeration) - a stylistic figure (see), consisting of a clearly exaggerated expression of thought. Hyperbole can consist primarily of quantitative exaggeration (for example, “a thousand times,” “an entire eternity,” “priceless,” Gogol about the Dnieper: “there is no river equal to it in the world”), but also in figurative expression. In the latter case, although outwardly similar to metaphor, hyperbole differs significantly from it in that it is not directed towards enrichment content of thought through its figurative expression, but in order to strengthen, emphasize certain properties or features of the object of thought. Thus, many enthusiastic, affectionate or abusive expressions of everyday speech are not metaphors, but hyperboles (for example, “my angel”, “divine”, or “a real devil”, “donkey”, “monster”, etc.). In many cases, however, whether a particular expression is classified as a metaphor or hyperbole depends on the point of view on it; in other words, the hyperbole is then determined not by the property of the image itself, but application him in speech. This is why a hyperbole belongs to the category of figures, but from figures figurative hyperbole is closest to tropes (see). IN poetic speech hyperbole is often combined with other stylistic devices, forming hyperbolic metaphors, comparisons, personifications, etc. For example, in Pushkin: “Yes! if all the tears, blood and sweat, shed for everything that is stored here, all suddenly emerged from the bowels of the earth, then there would be a flood again - I would choke in my faithful basements" (" Stingy Knight"). Gogol’s style is especially rich in such hyperbolic figures in our literature: “Do you hear how the whole world gathered at your feet and, shaking their spears, merged into one exclamation!” ("Life"); “The rubies of her lips seemed to stick with blood to the very heart” (“Viy”); Gogol constructs entire descriptions and characteristics hyperbolically, for example, the Dnieper, Ukrainian night, Albanians Annunziata, Sobakevich, etc. Everywhere here the image retains its tropical nature, it does not dissolve in hyperbole (as in the given examples of affectionate and abusive words), but hyperbole, that is, only colors it. - Any verbal understatement or belittlement, such as “a week without a year”, “quieter than water, lower than the grass”, “ wasp waist", etc. expressions also refer to the figure of a hyperbola and are sometimes defined only by misunderstanding as litotes(see), e.g. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky (Theory of poetry and prose), P. A. Buzuk (Essays on the psychology of language. Odessa. 1918) and other followers of Potebnya.

M. Petrovsky. Literary Encyclopedia: Dictionary literary terms: In 2 volumes / Edited by N. Brodsky, A. Lavretsky, E. Lunin, V. Lvov-Rogachevsky, M. Rozanov, V. Cheshikhin-Vetrinsky. - M.; L.: Publishing house L. D. Frenkel, 1925

Antonyms:

See what “Hyperbole” is in other dictionaries:

- (Greek, hyperbole, from hyperballein to throw further than the target). 1) in geometry: two curved lines obtained when a cone intersects a plane parallel to the axis of the cone. 2) in rhetoric: expressing thoughts in a highly exaggerated form for greater strength… … Dictionary foreign words Russian language

Hyperbola- HYPERBOLE (Greek ‘υπερβολη exaggeration) stylistic figure (see), consisting of a clearly exaggerated expression of thought. Hyperbole can consist primarily of quantitative exaggeration (for example, “a thousand times”, “an eternity”, “priceless”, ... ... Dictionary of literary terms

Cm … Synonym dictionary

1. HYPERBOLE, s; and. [from Greek hyperbolē exaggeration] Stylistic device excessive exaggeration of which words. properties of the depicted object, phenomenon, etc., in order to enhance the impression. / About excessive exaggeration. Tell the story without hyperbole... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

HYPERBOLE, hyperbole, female. (Greek hyperbole). 1. Curve from the number of conic sections (mat.). A hyperbola is obtained by cutting the right gyre of a cone with a plane. 2. Figure of exaggeration (lit.). Gogol's style is replete with hyperbole. || Anything... ... Dictionary Ushakova

- (Greek hyperbole) a flat curve (2nd order) consisting of two infinite branches. A hyperbola is a set of points M, the difference in distances from two given points (F1, F2) of the hyperbola's foci is constant and equal to the length of the real axis A1A2, the other ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (foreign language) exaggeration. Hyperbolic, pertaining to hyperbole. Wed. From every corner, it seems to you, it smells like blood, it smells like death and crime: and this is not hyperbole, this is a fact, repeatedly attested... ... Michelson's Large Explanatory and Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling)

- (hyperbola) A function that can be expressed as a ratio of two linear functions. A hyperbola in a rectangular coordinate system has the form y=(α+βx)/(γ+δx). This function is continuous, except for the case where x =–γ/δ; when she acts like... Economic dictionary

hyperbola- y, w. hyperbole f. , lat. hiperbole 1. lit. A technique of exaggeration to enhance impression. Sl. 18. A feeling that, without any hyperbole, can be called admiration. 1791. Karamzin PRP 5 31. The soul admired, but the feelings in him were silent, one language... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

- (from the Greek hyperbole exaggeration), poetic device: a type of trope based on exaggeration (rivers of blood). Compare Litotus... Modern encyclopedia

The Russian language today is one of the ten most beautiful and, according to linguists, it has about half a million words, not including professionalisms and dialects. Great Russian writers contributed to the development of the Russian literary language, thanks to which the language was replenished with artistic and expressive means that are used in writing and speech today.

Development of the Russian literary language and the first trails

The literary Russian language began to take shape back in the 11th century, during the period of the existence of the state Kievan Rus. Then the first chronicles and masterpieces of ancient Russian literature were created. Even a thousand years ago, authors used artistic and expressive means of language (tropes): personification, epithet, metaphor, hyperbole and litotes. Examples of these terms are still common today, both in fiction, and in everyday speech.

The concepts of "hyperbole" and "litotes"

Having heard the term “hyperbole” for the first time, history experts will probably relate it to legendary country Hyperborea, and mathematicians will remember a line consisting of two branches, which is called a hyperbole. But how does this term relate to literature? Hyperbole is a stylistic figure that is used to enhance the expressiveness of a statement and deliberate exaggeration. It is not difficult to guess that this term has an antonym, because if a language has means for exaggeration, there must certainly be a stylistic figure that serves for understatement. Such an artistic and expressive means is litotes. The following examples will clearly show what litotes is and how often it is used in speech.

Video on the topic

The thousand-year history of hyperbole

Hyperbole is very common in ancient Russian literature, for example, in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”: “To him in Polotsk he rang the morning bells, early at St. Sophia’s the bells rang, and he heard the ringing in Kiev.” Analyzing the sentence, you can understand the meaning: the sound of the bell that rang in Polotsk reached Kyiv! Of course, in reality this cannot be, otherwise the residents of nearby settlements would lose their hearing. The term is of Latin origin: hyperbole means “exaggeration.” Hyperbole was used by almost all poets and writers, but especially frequent use Nikolai Gogol, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin stood out in their works. So, in Gogol’s play “The Inspector General” there was “a watermelon worth seven hundred rubles” on the table - another exaggeration, because a watermelon cannot cost that much, unless, of course, it is gold. Mayakovsky in his " An extraordinary adventure“The sunset glowed “as high as one hundred and forty suns,” that is, incredibly bright.

Litotes in fiction

Having found out the meaning of a hyperbole, it will not be at all difficult to figure out what litotes is. Gogol also often referred to this term. In the story “Nevsky Prospekt,” he described one man’s mouth as so small that he could not miss more than two pieces. At Nikolai Nekrasov's famous poem“Peasant Children” the hero is a little man, but this does not mean he is a centimeter tall: with the litote the author only wanted to emphasize that the old short man was carrying a heavy armful of firewood. Sentences with litotes can also be found in other authors. By the way, this term comes from the Greek word litotes, which means “simplicity, restraint.”

Litotes and hyperbole in everyday speech

A person, without noticing it, uses hyperbole and litotes in Everyday life Often. If you can still guess the meaning of hyperbole thanks to the well-known cognate verb “to hyperbolize,” what litotes is remains a mystery to many. Having gone broke, a rich man will say: “I have no money - the cat cried,” and when he sees a tiny girl walking down the street, you can notice what a “thumbelina” she is, and if she is a little guy, “a tom-thumb.” This is the most common examples litotes. Each of us also uses hyperbole very often, for example, having met a friend by chance, the first remark will be “haven’t seen each other for a hundred years,” and a mother, tired of making the same remark to her fidgety son, will say: “I told you a thousand times!” . So, we can once again conclude that not everyone knows what litotes and hyperbole are, but even a three-year-old child uses these techniques.

Cultural significance of tropes

The role of stylistic figures in the Russian language is great: they give emotional coloring, enhance images and make speech more expressive. Without them, the works of Pushkin and Lermontov would have lost their splendor, and now you can use beautiful speech patterns more confidently, since you know, for example, what litotes is.

In literature it is impossible to do without these techniques, which make the Russian language one of the most expressive, complex and rich. So take care of the Russian language - this treasure, this heritage, as Turgenev and our other outstanding compatriots bequeathed to us.

Statements framed as hyperbole in Russian are based on evaluation, as evidenced by the definition given below. To the question “What is hyperbole in Russian”?

Hyperbole - what is it? Definition, meaning, translation

1) Hyperbole in literature is artistic device, which consists of deliberately exaggerating the scale of a phenomenon in order to give the phrase greater expressiveness and emotional intensity. A hyperbola is similar to a parabola, but differs from it in its formal definition.

The artistic persuasiveness and ambiguity of hyperbole are all the more significant the more clearly the reader imagines the specific essence of the image or situation. By the way, the same goal can be pursued by understatement, litotes, which can be considered as a type of hyperbole, like hyperbole in literature “with a minus sign.” Here, hyperbole in literature takes on a symbolic sound, suggesting an individual in captivity among many insignificant passions and circumstances... It is in satirical work hyperbole is most often appropriate and artistically justified. However, hyperbole in literature, even “mocking”, may not be clearly satirical.

For example: We haven’t seen each other for a hundred years, - “a hundred years” in in this case is a hyperbole (exaggeration of quantity), since it gives emotionality to speech and is used, of course, in figuratively. Hyperbole is often confused with comparison and metaphor, because they also often compare two objects. The main difference: hyperbole is always an exaggeration. For example: His legs were huge, like a barge. The example looks like a comparison, but, remembering how much the barge weighs, you will see an exaggeration and, accordingly, a hyperbole in this case.

Any writing contains a number of special stylistic devices, such as metaphor, comparison, grotesque or hyperbole. Simile and metaphor, just like hyperbole, compare objects and phenomena, but hyperbole is always an exaggeration. Remember, hyperbole in literature is a figurative expression, so it should not be taken literally.

IN Lately hyperbole / litotes is actively used in the language of advertising. It is generally accepted that hyperbole is an exaggeration. 6. In other words, they do not correspond to the definitions of hyperbole. One of the consequences is to recognize that hyperbole is not typical for colloquial speech, that it lives only in the sphere of literary and artistic creativity.

When is hyperbole used in the Bible?

Hyperboles are found quite often in Holy Scripture due to the poetic style of storytelling. At the same time, there are also fragments in the Bible whose contents, although they resemble hyperbole, are only superficially understood.

Lexical hyperboles

Hyperbole is often combined with other stylistic devices, giving them an appropriate coloring: hyperbolic comparisons, metaphors, etc. (“the waves rose like mountains”). Hyperbole is also characteristic of the rhetorical and oratorical style, as a means of pathetic elation, as well as the romantic style, where pathos comes into contact with irony. Among Russian authors, Gogol is especially prone to hyperbole, and among poets, Mayakovsky. Hyperbole (rhetoric) - This term has other meanings, see Hyperbole.

To clearly understand what hyperboles are in literature, you need to know the methods of implementing amplification inherent in the text work of art. Phraseological hyperboles in literature are set expressions.

Language, as a phenomenon, often uses the same words to mean various concepts. Hyperbole is a figurative expression containing an exorbitant exaggeration of the size, strength, or significance of any object or phenomenon. Hyperbole can be idealizing and destructive.

Hyperboles are used to express language means: words, combinations of words and sentences.

A hyperbola can be defined as a conic section with an eccentricity greater than one. Hyperbolas A series of curved lines is known by this name in analytical geometry. 1) G. of the second order, or the so-called Apollonian hyperbole. Hyperboles in the Bible HYPERBOLES (Greek ὑπερβολή - exaggeration) IN THE BIBLE, fiction.

Most often, hyperboles can be found in epics. As a result, hyperbolic comparisons, metaphors, and personifications are formed. To emphasize the expressed idea and enhance the effect of what is said in literature, hyperbole is used. Hyperbole is a deliberate exaggeration in literary work to enhance the effect of perception.

To make speech more vivid and expressive, people use figurative means language and stylistic devices: metaphor, comparison, inversion and others.

Russian literature is replete with a variety of speech patterns. In order to make speech more vivid and expressive, people often use figurative language and stylistic devices: comparison, inversion and others. Everyone in his life, while reading this or that literature, has probably encountered such a concept as hyperbole, without even knowing the meaning of this term.

In contact with

Use in literature

Hyperboles in literature All writers, without exception, love to use it. They do this in order to decorate their works, making them more emotional, bright, and full.

And this is not at all surprising, because without this stylistic figure and others like her, any work would be empty, boring and absolutely uninteresting. It is unlikely that such works would capture the reader’s attention, exciting his imagination, evoking in him numerous vivid emotions.

Hyperbole, in turn, helps to achieve such necessary effects. So what is a hyperbole in ? This artistic medium Images, based on an excessive exaggeration of reality.

Advice! Another definition of hyperbole is exaggeration to the point of implausibility, so it is very important to remember and keep in mind that it does not need to be taken literally!

What is hyperbole used for?

They free the reader from the confines of reality and attribute supernatural characteristics natural phenomena and to people. Hyperbole in literature does not play a role at all last role, since it makes our speech more lively and allows us to feel the emotional and state of mind narrator or author of the text.

This allows them to clearly and correctly convey the verbal atmosphere of the story. The function of hyperbole as a technique is - add brightness, emotionality and persuasiveness to the text. It is also often used by humor writers to create comic images for characters in their works, allowing the reader’s imagination to revive them in his imagination. .

How to find a hyperbole in a text?

Completing the task “find hyperbolas in the text” is quite simple, since among all the others speech patterns they stand out because they contain obvious exaggerations. Examples of usage: “this girl had eyes the size of saucers in surprise” or “this dog was the size of an elephant.”

All these phrases are apparent exaggeration of reality, because you won’t meet a girl with such big eyes or a dog the size of an elephant, because such simply do not exist and cannot exist in nature. These are the most simple examples use of the subject stylistic device in Russian literary language.

Attention! To find hyperbole in a text, it is enough to pay attention to an obvious significant exaggeration.

What is hyperbole in Russian?

Linguistics names any excessive exaggeration of properties, qualities, phenomena or actions to create a spectacular and attention-grabbing created image hyperbole . It is used not only in literary language.

In ordinary colloquial speech, she is also a frequent guest. The difference between the first option and the second is that in his speech a person uses already existing statements, and the writer strives to create his own, exclusive statement in order to highlight own work from many others.

Examples

Examples of hyperbole from literary and colloquial speech:

• "rivers of blood";
• “You’re always late”;
• "mountains of corpses";
• “haven’t seen each other for a hundred years”;
• "scare to death";
• “I told you a hundred times”;
• “a million apologies”;
• “a sea of ​​ripened wheat”;
• “I’ve been waiting forever”;
• “I stood there all day”;
• “at least get wet”;
• “a house a thousand kilometers away”;
• “always late.”

Examples in fiction

We can say that everything classical works rely on the transfer of the author’s emotions to the reader, who moves him into a situation created by himself. Hyperbole in literature, in classical works very actively used by many famous authors.