What dependent words belong to the predicate verb. Simple verbal predicate: example sentences

Compound predicates- these are predicates in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning (tense and mood) are expressed in different words. The lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and the grammatical meaning (tense and mood) is expressed in the auxiliary part.

Wed: He started singing(PGS). - He started to sing(GHS); He was sick for two months(PGS). - He was sick for two months(SIS).

Compound Verbal Predicate (CVS) consists of two parts:

A) auxiliary part(verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (tense and mood);
b) main part(indefinite form of the verb - infinitive) expresses lexical meaning.

SGS = auxiliary verb + infinitive

For example: I started singing; I want to sing ; I'm afraid to sing.

However, not every combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verbal predicate! In order for such a combination to be a compound verbal predicate, two conditions must be met:

The auxiliary verb must be lexically incomplete, that is, it alone (without an infinitive) is not enough to understand what the sentence is about.

Wed: I began- what to do?; I want- what to do?.

If in the combination “verb + infinitive” the verb is significant, then it alone is a simple verbal predicate, and the infinitive is a minor member of the sentence.

Wed: She sat down (for what purpose?) relax .

The action of the infinitive must relate to the subject (it is a subjective infinitive). If the action of the infinitive refers to another member of the sentence (objective infinitive), then the infinitive is not part of the predicate, but is a minor member.

Wed:
1. I want to sing . I want to sing- compound verbal predicate (want - I, sing will- I ).
2. I asked her to sing. Requested- simple verbal predicate, sing- addition (I asked, she will sing).

Auxiliary verb meanings

Meaning	Typical verbs and phraseological units	Examples
1. Phase (beginning, continuation, end of action)	start, become, start, continue, finish, stay, stop, quit, stop and etc.	He began to prepare to leave. He continued to prepare to departure. He gave up smoking . He again started talking about the hardships of rural life.
2. Modal meaning (necessity, desirability, ability, predisposition, emotional assessment of an action, etc.)	Can, be able to, wish, want, dream, intend, refuse, try, strive, count, be able to, contrive, strive, assume, get used to, hurry, be embarrassed, endure, love, hate, be afraid, be afraid, be cowardly, be ashamed, set a goal , to burn with desire, to have the honor, to have the intention, to make a promise, to have the habit and etc.	I can sing . I want to sing . I'm afraid to sing. I like singing . I'm ashamed to sing. I I hope to sing this aria.

Plan for parsing a compound verbal predicate

Indicate the type of predicate.
Indicate how the main part is expressed (subjective infinitive); what meaning does the auxiliary part have (phase, modal) and what form of the verb is it expressed.

Sample parsing

The old man started chewing again.

Started to chew- compound verb predicate. Main part ( chew) is expressed by a subjective infinitive. Auxiliary part ( set off) has a phase meaning and is expressed by a verb in the past tense of the indicative mood.

Predicate- the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting an action or sign of what is expressed by the subject.

Predicate has a lexical meaning (names what is communicated about the reality named in the subject) and grammatical meaning (characterizes the statement from the point of view of reality or unreality and the correlation of the statement with the moment of speech, which is expressed by the forms of the mood of the verb, and in the indicative mood - and time).

There are three main types of predicates: simple verb, compound verb And compound nominal .

Simple verbal predicate, ways of expressing it

Simple verb predicate(PGS) can be expressed in one word And ambiguous .

PGS- one word :

1) verb in conjugated form, that is, the form of one of the moods; in these cases, the predicate agrees with the subject: He read / is reading / will read / would read / let him read / this book.

2) verbal interjection or infinitive; There is no agreement between the predicate and the subject: And bang the hat right on the floor. As soon as the music starts, the boy immediately starts dancing.

PGS- phrase :

1. PGS - phraseologically free , But syntactically related phrase - may have the following structure and typical value:

1) repetition of the verb form to indicate the duration of the action:
I walk and walk, but it’s still a long way to the forest.

2) repetition of the verb form with a particle like this to indicate an intense or fully accomplished action:
That's what he said.

3) repetition of the same verb in different forms or verbs of the same root to enhance the meaning of the predicate:
He doesn’t sleep himself and doesn’t let others sleep.
I can't wait for spring.

4) a semantic verb with an auxiliary verb form that has lost or weakened its lexical meaning and introduces additional semantic shades into the sentence:
And he just say / know and sings to himself.

5) two verbs in the same grammatical form to denote an action and its purpose:
I'll go for a walk in the garden.

6) a verb with the particle was, introducing the meaning of a failed action:
I was getting ready to go to the cinema, but didn’t go.

7) design with an action intensity value:
All he does is sleep.

2. PGS- phraseological unit denotes a single action, indivisible in meaning into an action and its material object; in most cases, this phraseological unit can be replaced by one verb: to take part, to come to one's senses, to become enraged, to sound the alarm, to have the opportunity, to have the intention, to have the habit, to have the honor, to have the right; express a desire, burn with desire, acquire a habit, consider oneself entitled, consider it necessary and so on.:

He took part in the conference(=participated).

Compound verb predicate(GHS) has the following structure:
preinfinitive part + infinitive.

Infinitive expresses the main lexical meaning of the predicate - names the action.

Pre-infinitive part expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, as well as an additional characteristic of the action - an indication of its beginning, middle or end (phasic meaning) or possibility, desirability, degree of commonness and other characteristics that describe the attitude of the subject of the action to this action (modal meaning).

Phase value expressed by verbs become, begin (start), accept (accept), continue (continue), cease (cease), stop (cease) and some others (most often these are synonyms for the given words, characteristic of a colloquial style of speech):

I started/continued/finished reading this book.

Modal meaning can be expressed

1) verbs be able, able, want, desire, try, intend, dare, refuse, think, prefer, get used to, love, hate, beware, etc.

2) a linking verb to be (in the present time in the zero form) + short adjectives glad, ready, obliged, must, intend, capable, as well as adverbs and nouns with a modal meaning:

I was willing/willing/able to wait.

The phraseological unit can be used both in the pre-infinitive part and in the infinitive position:

He is looking forward to participating in the conference(= wants to participate)
He wants to take part in the conference(= wants to participate).
He eager to take part at the conference(= wants to participate).

The complication of the GHS occurs due to the additional use of a modal or phase verb in its composition:

I started to feel hungry.
I felt that I might soon begin to want to eat.

A special type of GHS is presented in sentences, the main members of which are expressed by verbs in an indefinite form: To be afraid of wolves, do not go into the forest. The auxiliary part of such predicates is atypical for compound verbs: it is represented by the linking verb to be, which is found in compound nominal predicates. In addition, the auxiliary part can also be represented by the verb mean, for example:

Not coming means offending.

The following predicates are not compound verbal predicates:

1) the compound form of the future tense of an imperfective verb in the indicative mood: I will work tomorrow;
2) a combination of a simple verbal predicate with an infinitive, occupying the position of complement in the sentence in the case of different subjects of action in the conjugated form of the verb and the infinitive: Everyone asked her.underline ( border-bottom: 1px dashed blue; ) to sing (everyone asked her, but she should sing);
3) a combination of a simple verbal predicate with an infinitive, which in a sentence is a circumstance of the goal: He went outside for a walk.

It is easy to notice that in all these cases the conjugated form of the verb, standing before the infinitive, has neither phase nor modal meaning.

Compound nominal predicate

Compound nominal predicate(SIS) has the following structure:
nominal part (ligament) + nominal part.

Nominal part expresses the lexical meaning of the predicate.

Administrative part expresses the grammatical or grammatical and part of the lexical meaning of the predicate.

Administrative part It happens:

1) abstract: the verb to be (in the meaning of “to appear” and not “to be” or “to have”), which expresses only the grammatical meaning of the predicate - mood, tense, person / gender, number; in the present tense, the abstract connective appears in the zero form: He is a student / was a student.

2) semi-nominal (semi-abstract): verbs appear (appear), happen, appear (seem), introduce yourself (introduce yourself), become (become), become (become), stay (remain), count, etc., which express the grammatical meaning of the predicate and complement the meaning expressed by the nominal part; these verbs are usually not used without a nominal part.

For example: He turned out to be a student. She seemed tired.

3) significant (full-valued): verbs of movement, state, activity go, walk, run, return, sit, stand, lie, work, live, etc.

For example: We returned home tired. He worked as a janitor. He lived as a hermit.

Significant And semi-significantbunch when determining the type of predicate, it can be replaced by an abstract one.

The nominal part can be expressed mono-wordly or non-wordly.

One-word noun phrase :

1) a noun in case form, often in the nominative case. / instrumental case.

For example: He is/was a teacher. The skirt was checkered.

2) an adjective in full and short form, in the form of any degree of comparison.

For example: His words were smart. He became taller than his father. He is the tallest in the class.

3) full or short participle: Letter was not printed .

4) pronoun: This pencil is mine!

5) numeral: He was eighth in line.

6) adverb: The conversation will be frank. I felt sorry for the old man.

Non-word expression of the nominal part:

1) a phraseologically free, but syntactically related phrase can have the following structure:

a) a word with a quantitative meaning + a noun in the genitive case.

For example: The boy was five years old.

b) a noun with words dependent on it, if the noun itself is uninformative, and the semantic center of the statement is located precisely in the words dependent on the name (the noun itself in this case can be dropped from the sentence with almost no loss of meaning).

For example: He is the best student in the class.

2) phraseological unit: He was the talk of the town.

The connective part can also be expressed by phraseological units:

He looked gloomy and distracted - phraseological unit in the connective part;

A compound nominal predicate, like a compound verb, can be complicated by introducing a modal or phase auxiliary verb into it.

For example: She wanted to appear tired. He gradually began to become an expert in this field.

Predicate.

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which usually agrees with the subject (in number, person or gender) and has the meaning expressed in questions: what does the item do? what's happening to him? what is he like? what is he? who is he?

The predicate expresses the grammatical meaning of one of the moods (indicative mood - present, past, future tense; conditional mood, imperative mood).

Types of predicates:

Simple verb predicate. Compound verbal predicate - SGS. Compound nominal predicate - SIS

Simple verb predicate (PGS)

Ways to express a simple verbal predicate


1. Verb in some mood	A gloomy morning is coming. It was a gloomy morning. Sergei will enter drama school. He would gladly go to the village. Write down your homework.
2. Independent infinitive	To live is to serve the homeland.
3. Interjective verb forms (truncated forms of a verb like bam, grab, jump)	Each friend here quietly pushes her friend.
4. Phraseological phrase with the main word - a verb in conjugated form	The team won the championship. He's chasing the quitter again.
5. Verb in conjugated form + modal particle ( yes, let, let, come on, come on, it was as if, as if, as if, as if, exactly, hardly, almost, just and etc.)	Let me go with you. Let him go with his father. May you have sweet dreams. He started to walk towards the door, but suddenly stopped. The room seemed to smell of smoke. He seemed petrified with fright. He almost died of grief. He just did somersaults, trying to make the audience laugh. He was almost crazy with joy.

Compound predicates.

Compound verb predicate

Compound predicates are predicates in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning (tense and mood) are expressed in different words. The lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and the grammatical meaning (tense and mood) is expressed in the auxiliary part.

Wed: He started singing(PGS). – He started to sing(GHS); He was sick for two months(PGS). – He was sick for two months(SIS).

A compound verb predicate (CVS) consists of two parts:

a) the auxiliary part (verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (tense and mood);
b) the main part (infinitive form of the verb) expresses the lexical meaning.

SGS = auxiliary verb + infinitive. For example: I started singing; I want to sing; I'm afraid to sing.

However, not every combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verbal predicate! In order for such a combination to be a compound verbal predicate, two conditions must be met:

The auxiliary verb must be lexically incomplete, that is, it alone (without an infinitive) is not enough to understand what the sentence is about.

Wed: Ibegan- what to do?; IWant- what to do?.

If in the combination “verb + infinitive” the verb is significant, then it alone is a simple verbal predicate, and the infinitive is a minor member of the sentence.

Wed: Shesat down(for what purpose?) relax.

Wed:
1. I want to sing. I want to sing– compound verb predicate ( I want - I, sing will – I).
2. I asked her to sing. Requested– simple verbal predicate, sing- addition ( asked - I, sing will - she).

Auxiliary verb meanings

Meaning	Typical verbs and phraseological units
1. Phase (beginning, continuation, end of action)	start, become, start, continue, finish, stay, stop, quit, stop and etc.	He began to prepare to leave. He continued to prepare for departure. He gave up smoking. He again began to talk about the hardships of rural life.
2. Modal meaning (necessity, desirability, ability, predisposition, emotional assessment of an action, etc.)	Can, be able to, wish, want, dream, intend, refuse, try, strive, count, be able to, contrive, strive, assume, get used to, hurry, be embarrassed, endure, love, hate, be afraid, be afraid, be cowardly, be ashamed, set a goal , to burn with desire, to have the honor, to have the intention, to make a promise, to have the habit and etc.	I can sing. I want to sing. I'm afraid to sing. I like singing. I'm ashamed to sing. I'm looking forward to singing this aria.

Compound nominal predicate

Compound nominal predicate (CIS)consists of two parts:

a) the auxiliary part - the copula (verb in conjugated form) expresses the grammatical meaning (tense and mood);
b) main part – the nominal part (name, adverb) expresses the lexical meaning.

SIS = copula + nominal part

For example: Hewas a doctor; Hebecame a doctor; Hewas ill; Hewas sick; Hewas injured; Hecame first.

Types of linking verbs

Type of connective by meaning	Typical verbs	Examples
1 . Grammatical connective – expresses only grammatical meaning (tense, mood), has no lexical meaning.	Verbs to be, to be. In the present tense, the copula be is usually in the zero form (“zero copula”): the absence of the copula indicates the present tense of the indicative mood.	Hewas a doctor. Hewill be a doctor. Hedoctor. Hewas sick. Hewill be sick. Hesick. Heis sick. LyricsThere isthe highestmanifestationart.
2 . The semi-nominal copula not only expresses the grammatical meaning, but also introduces additional shades into the lexical meaning of the predicate, but cannot be an independent predicate (in that meaning).	a) the emergence or development of a sign: become, become, become, become; b) preservation of the characteristic: stay; c) manifestation, detection of a sign: to happen, to happen; d) assessment of the characteristic from the point of view of reality: to seem, to seem, to introduce oneself, to be considered, to be reputed; e) name of the feature: to be called, to be called, to be revered.	Hebecame sick. Hestayed sick. Hebeen sickevery autumn. Heturned out to be sick. Hewas considered sick. Heseemed sick. Heis sick. Hereputed to be sick. Theircalled sick.
3. The nominative connective is a verb with a full lexical meaning (one can act as a predicate).	a) Verbs of position in space: sit, lie, stand; b) verbs of motion: go, come, return, wander; c) state verbs: live, work, be born, die.	Shesat tired. Heleft angry. Hecame back upset. Helived as a hermit. Heborn happy. Hedied a hero.

Verb be can act as an independent simple verbal predicate in sentences with the meaning of being or possessing:

Himwasthree sons; Himwasmuch money.

Verbs become, becomes, turn out to be etc. can also be independent simple verbal predicates, but in a different meaning:

Heturned out to bedowntown; Hebecamenear the wall.

The most difficult to analyze are compound nominal predicates with a denominator, because usually such verbs are independent predicates (cf.: Hesatnear the window). If a verb becomes a connective, its meaning becomes less important than the meaning of the name associated with the verb ( Hesat tired; more important is that he was tired, not what He sat and not stood or lying).

For the combination “nominal verb + name” to be a compound nominal predicate, the following conditions must be met:

the significant verb can be replaced by the grammatical connective be:

He sat tired- He was tired; He was born happy- He was happy; He came first- He was first;

the link can be made null:

He sat tired - He tired ; He born happy - He happy ; He came first - He first .

If a verb has dependent forms of a full adjective, participle, ordinal number (answers the question Which?), then this is always a compound nominal predicate ( sat tired, left upset, came first). Parts of such a compound nominal predicate are not separated by commas!

Ways to Express the Nominal Part

Form	Examples
1. Noun
1.1. Noun in nominative or instrumental case	He is mineBrother. Hewasminebrother.
1.2. Noun in oblique case with or without preposition	Navigatorwas in oblivion. Ipenniless. This house -Meshkova.
1.3. Whole phrase with the main word - a noun in the genitive case (with the meaning of a qualitative assessment)	Son-in-lawwas a silent breed. This girltall.
2. Adjective
2.1. Short adjective	Hecheerful. Hebecame cheerful.
2.2. Full adjective in the nominative or instrumental case	Hefunny. Hebecame cheerful.
2.3. Comparative or superlative adjective	Here's the sound of musicwere more audible. Youthe best.
3. Communion
3.1. Short Communion	Heinjured. Glasswere defeated.
3.2. Full participles in the nominative or instrumental case	Glasswere broken. Glasswere broken.
4. Pronoun or whole phrase with the main word pronoun	All fish -yours. Thissomething new.
5. Numeral in the nominative or instrumental case	Their hut -thirdon the edge. Their hutwas thirdon the edge.
6. Adverb	Iwas on guard. His daughterMarriedfor my brother.

Note!

1) Even if the predicate consists of one word - a name or an adverb (with a zero connective), it is always a compound nominal predicate;

2) short adjectives and participles are always part of a compound nominal predicate;

3) nominative and instrumental cases – the main case forms of the nominal part of the predicate;

4) the nominal part of the predicate can be expressed as a whole phrase in the same cases as the subject.

In speech, quite often one can find complicated compound predicates, which consist not of two, but of three (and sometimes four) structural parts.

Structural complication of a compound verbal predicate

1. Auxiliary part a compound verbal predicate can be expressed not by a verb, but by a compound nominal predicate (copula + short adjective/adverb).

Complicated GHS = SIS + subject infinitive

He must leave.

As in any compound verbal predicate, two parts can be distinguished here: the main one is expressed by the subjective infinitive ( leave). Auxiliary part - short adjective must- has a modal meaning, but unlike modal verbs ( maybe he wants) an adjective cannot indicate tense and mood. Therefore, an adjective requires a verb connective (in this case it is a verb be in zero form). Consequently, within the compound verbal predicate one more can be distinguished - the compound nominal micropredicate ( must+ zero copula).

The role of the nominal part of such micropredicates is most often modal short adjectives: ; noun with preposition able; adverbs: it is necessary, it is necessary, it is impossible, it is possible, it is a pity, it is a pity and etc.

This predicate is actually not complicated. In the Russian language, for example, there are no verbs with the modal meaning of obligation, necessity, inevitability, etc. These meanings are always expressed by short adjectives or adverbs. Therefore, compound verbal predicates with this meaning of the auxiliary part always include a compound nominal micropredicate.

Note!

Adjectives: must, obligated, ready, compelled, able, glad, adverbs: it is necessary, it is necessary, it is impossible, it is possible, it is a pity- are very often confused with verbs, since they are similar in function to them.

Test yourself in the above way: put the micropredicate in the past tense - they will not have a suffix -l, but a copula was, was, was, were (was forced, had to, was a pity, was necessary).

2. Main part a compound verbal predicate can be represented by a compound verbal predicate: an infinitive with a phase or modal meaning and an infinitive with a main lexical meaning.

Complicated GHS = auxiliary verb + GHS

He wanted to start working.

Main part ( start working) can act as an independent compound verbal predicate (cf.: He started working).

3. Auxiliary part a compound verbal predicate is expressed by a compound nominal micropredicate with a modal meaning ( must, must, must, cannot etc.) and main part expressed by a compound verbal predicate (two infinitives).

Complicated GHS = SIS + GHS

He was forced to start working.

Auxiliary part ( was forced) - a compound nominal predicate with a modal meaning and an independent predicate cannot be. Main part ( start working) is expressed by two infinitives (the first - with a phase meaning, the second - with a main lexical meaning). In another context, these two verbs can become an independent compound verbal predicate (cf.: He started working).

Structural complication of a compound nominal predicate

A compound nominal predicate can also be complicated if its connective (in this case it is put in an indefinite form) is complicated by conjugated forms of phase or modal verbs (or compound nominal predicates with a modal meaning).

Complex SIS = auxiliary verb + copula-infinitive + nominal part

I I want to become a doctor.

In this case, the predicate consists of the union of two predicates: a compound nominal ( To become a doctor) and compound verb ( I want to be). Sometimes such a predicate is called complex or mixed.

Complicated SIS = compound nominal micropredicate + copula-infinitive + nominal part of SIS

I should have become a doctor.

In this case, the predicate can be represented as a combination of three predicates: a compound nominal ( had), compound verb ( should have been) and compound nominal ( To become a doctor).

Plan for parsing a complicated predicate

Indicate the type of predicate in the part in which the main lexical meaning is expressed (complicated compound verbal predicate, complicated compound nominal predicate).
Parse each part of the predicate according to the appropriate plan.

Sample parsing

I have to leave today.

Must leave- complicated compound verb predicate. Main part leave expressed by a subjective infinitive. Auxiliary part must has a modal meaning and is expressed by a compound nominal predicate, in which the main part must be expressed by a short adjective; the zero copula indicates the present tense of the indicative mood.

I I want to become a doctor.

I want to become a doctor doctor become become; auxiliary part Want has a modal meaning and is expressed by a verb in the present indicative mood.

I should become a doctor.

Should become a doctor - complicated compound nominal predicate. Nominal part ( doctor) expressed by a noun in the instrumental case; seminominal copula become is part of a compound verbal predicate, in which the main part is expressed by an infinitive become; auxiliary part must has a modal meaning and is expressed by a compound nominal predicate. It contains a nominal part must expressed by a short adjective; the zero copula indicates the present tense of the indicative mood.

Which includes a subject and (or) predicate. Their correct selection is the key to successful syntactic parsing. In this case, difficulties most often arise with finding the predicate. It can have different structures and ways of expression. Depending on this, the following types of predicates are distinguished: simple and compound.

What is a predicate?

In a sentence, the subject usually names an object (or has the meaning of objectivity). The predicate denotes the action, state, quality of the object named by the subject. You can ask him one of the questions: what does he do? what it is? what is he like?

This member of a sentence can be expressed in words of different parts of speech and contains lexical and grammatical (the relation of the statement to reality) meaning. They can be combined in one component or require two or more components for expression. Accordingly, the composition of the predicate can be different: one or several interrelated words. Knowing these subtleties helps to correctly find the grammatical basis in a sentence.

Types of predicates: table

Syntax is the subject of study. In the Russian language, the following types of predicates are distinguished:

Simple verb predicate

It is this type of main member that usually comes to mind when asked what types of predicates you know. It is believed that it is quite easy to find, but in reality everything can be more difficult. Indeed, usually such a predicate is expressed by only one word - a verb in one of the forms of the mood: indicative ( I'll sing you a song), subjunctive or conditional ( He would read a poem, but his throat hurts), imperative ( Please tell me my favorite fairy tale). In this case, both lexical and grammatical meanings are contained in one word.

However, when working with this type of predicate, you need to remember several important points. First of all, about the fact that a verb in the form of the future complex tense is a simple verbal predicate ( A friend will meet you at the station), although it consists of two words. Ignorance of this fact is the most common reason for the erroneous determination of the grammatical basis and its type. When characterizing different types of predicates in the Russian language, you need to take into account the following little-known (or often forgotten) ways of expressing it.

Difficulties in determining a simple verbal predicate

Here are examples of sentences in which you can make a mistake when finding and characterizing the main members.

Two verbs used in the same form essentially mean one action: I'll go eat something.
The predicate, along with the main one, includes the verb TAKE in personal form: She took it and refused.
The same verb is used twice - in an indefinite and personal form with a negative particle between them: She doesn’t read herself...
The personal verb is repeated to reinforce what is being said ( I'm still moving forward...), sometimes with the particle SO (Yes, he sang, he sang like that).
The sentence contains a combination of a verb with the word WAS or KNOW (KNOW YOURSELF), which has the meaning of a particle: At first he thought...
A predicate is a phraseological unit: Finally he came to his senses.

Thus, when determining the type of predicate in a sentence, you need to be guided by the grammatical features of the verb as a part of speech and the above conditions.

Compound predicates

Very often, when determining the grammatical basis of a sentence, semantic constructions consisting of two or more words are identified. These are subjects expressed by an indivisible phrase, or compound predicates, in which there are two parts: the main one (contains the lexical meaning) and the auxiliary one (in addition to indicating grammatical features, it can sometimes introduce additional semantic shades). The latter are divided into verbal and nominal. To correctly locate and characterize them, it is necessary to know their structure.

Compound verb predicate

The lexical meaning is always expressed by an infinitive, and the grammatical meaning by an auxiliary verb (want, wish, be able, begin, complete, desire, love, etc.) in personal form or a short adjective (glad, obliged, ready, must, capable, intends). Here are these types of predicates with examples:

Soon the sun began to set.
The friend was obliged to warn about his departure.

When determining a compound verbal predicate, it is necessary to distinguish between the combination of the predicate and the object expressed by the infinitive: The guests asked the hostess - about what? - sing. In such a case, you can follow a hint: if the actions denoted by a verb in a personal and indefinite form are performed by one person (the subject), then this is a compound verbal predicate, if different, this is a simple verbal predicate and an object.

The infinitive can also have an adverbial meaning and will be a minor member in such a sentence. Example: He sat down - For what? - relax.

Thus, the presence of an infinitive in a sentence does not always indicate that a compound verbal predicate is used in it.

Compound nominal predicate

This is the type that causes the greatest difficulty in defining. In it, the nominal part contains the main lexical meaning, and the connective - the grammatical one.

The nominal part can be expressed:

A noun in the nominative or instrumental case.
An adjective in one of the forms (full, short, degree of comparison).
Numeral in the nominative or instrumental case.
Communion.
Pronoun (used alone or as part of a combination).
An adverb (more precisely, a word of a state category).
A complete phrase.

The nominal part can be represented by one word or a combination of them. Moreover, short adjectives and participles, as well as a simple comparative degree, can only be part of a nominal predicate in a sentence.

Human life is a constant struggle.
Everything around seemed magical.
Six and five are eleven.
The hat was pulled down onto his forehead.
The book is now yours.
By evening it became stuffy.
His face seemed darker than a cloud.

The verb BE in the personal form is often used as a connective, as well as the words SEEM, BECOME, CONSIDER, MAKE, etc., which complement the lexical meaning ( She's been a nurse for two years now.). Sometimes these types of predicates include as connectives verbs that denote activity, state, movement and express independent semantic meaning in other sentences: STAND, WORK, RUN, GO, etc. ( The girl had been standing like a statue for about ten minutes now.).

Using this knowledge will help you correctly parse any sentence, and the question of what types of predicates you know will no longer cause difficulties.