Why did ancient people depict mostly animals? Ancient people didn’t just depict animals on the walls of their caves—they

With the birth of a child, parents have new concerns, the main one of which is his health. Parents are usually frightened by conditions that often occur in a newborn, which are considered normal and do not require medical intervention. But they should be aware of some signs that really indicate his ill health. The ways in which newborn babies can communicate are limited. Screaming is one of them; it is the “language” of communication with the outside world. What serious reasons can cause a child to cry, and therefore alert parents?

The child may be bothered by the umbilical wound, which forms after the umbilical cord falls off. The umbilical cord usually heals within the first week of life. After discharge from the maternity hospital, her condition is monitored by a pediatrician and a nurse, without whose permission you cannot begin to bathe the child: an infection can get into an insufficiently healed umbilical wound and umbilical sepsis (blood poisoning) can develop. Parents should be wary if the skin around it becomes wet, reddened, or bloody purulent discharge is observed. Contact your doctor immediately!

For preventive purposes, after discharge from the maternity hospital, it is worth treating the umbilical wound 2-3 times a day with a solution of brilliant green (brilliant) or a 5% solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate). You can use 70% ethyl alcohol using a sterile cotton swab or sterile gauze pad. Diaper should be fixed below the umbilical wound.

Another serious problem in children is intestinal problems. Almost every second newborn suffers from bloating. The child becomes restless, kicks his legs, and pulls them towards his stomach. This is caused by the intestines becoming overfilled with gases, which stretch the thin intestinal wall, causing intense pain. How to alleviate the child's condition? You can stroke the tummy clockwise, apply a warm diaper to it, and turn the baby over onto his stomach. If this does not help, you should insert a gas outlet tube lubricated with petroleum jelly or sterilized olive oil into the anus for 15-20 minutes. There are special medications that relieve abdominal pain. However, if the pain continues, the temperature rises to 38.5°C, loose stools with mucus, green stools streaked with blood appear, consult a doctor immediately. Perhaps this is the beginning of an intestinal infection, the causative agents of which are bacteria and viruses.

Another problem is constipation, which occurs quite often, especially with improper feeding and drinking habits. You should not allow a bowel movement to occur for more than a day. If the child is constipated, place him on his stomach or stroke his stomach clockwise, and apply a warm diaper to him. If this does not help, give a cleansing enema: boiled water (30-50 ml) at a temperature of 30°C.

Enough common occurrence in newborns - which also bothers them. To prevent them, after feeding, the baby should be held upright or placed on his stomach. But if he spits up after every feeding or profusely, even to the point of vomiting like a fountain, this is also a reason to see a doctor.

Parents are often concerned that their baby hiccups a lot. Hiccups can occur when a child gets cold or overeats. For prolonged hiccups, you can give him something to drink, warm him up, or pick him up and hold him in an upright position. As a rule, hiccups go away without medical intervention.

With the beginning of autumn, an epidemic begins, which spares neither adults nor small children. During this period you need to be especially careful. If one of the adults in the house gets sick, he should be isolated from the child if possible. In any case, the sick person and all family members must wear a three-layer gauze mask. You can sew a gauze bag, put chopped garlic in it and tie it to the crib. It is necessary to ventilate and quartz the children's room more often.

What signs of a child’s health should you pay attention to and consult a doctor: rise above 37°C; nasal congestion and runny nose; vomiting, not regurgitation; refusal of food; severe weakness, lethargy; diarrhea, especially if there is mucus, blood, or a bad odor; strong cry of a child for no apparent reason; his inability to see or hear normally; unusual rash on the body.

Young children react to illness in the same way - by crying and refusing to eat. And in the early diagnosis of childhood diseases, parents provide invaluable assistance to the doctor: after all, they are with the child around the clock and they are better than anyone at noticing any changes in his behavior.

In any situation, even the most acute, parents must behave reasonably. The disease makes the child capricious, increases his excitability - this must be tolerated. A child always needs parental patience and love, and especially during illness.

We wish mothers and fathers to learn to understand their child. Correctly assess his behavior, recognize the first signs of ill health in order to help him in a timely manner.

Discussion

horror... I was hoping that this was a smart article... a child on breastfeeding may not have bowel movements for a while. 7-10 days and this is also the norm, it seemed that everyone already knows about this.... another way to prevent regurgitation is to allow the child to completely empty the breast, i.e. Hind milk is a must.

Absolutely nonsense article
in all modern books, I emphasize, modern, they say that a child may not walk properly for up to 3-5 days and this is normal, unless, of course, it bothers him, and about hiccups it is written that this phenomenon is not at all similar to hiccups in adults

Crazy article. Data from 20 years ago. Yes, a temperature of 37.5 is normal (but not higher)
Why a doctor might be needed for hiccups is generally unclear

My baby had a tummy ache yesterday - colic. After an hour of abdominal massage, everything went away. Today I give her espumizan, and I myself drink Plantex so that it flows with her milk. It seems to help.

People!!! Why are you suffering? Buy espumisan urgently and give 1 teaspoon 3 times a day before meals, 0.5 hours before meals, and you will see expensive poop the next day. We are already 6 months old. We suffered for up to 4 months. I wish good luck and health to the baby.

My little one is 3 months old. Constipation is very painful. We only try the soap because... nothing helps. They say that by the 3rd month he will be able to walk independently. Is this true?

Don't torture your child! The article contains complete nonsense regarding the fact that a child should walk “largely” at least once a day. Ours is 1.5 months old and goes every 3-4 days. Sometimes he pushes, which only leads to “farts”. Dad's abdominal massage will help him with this. Despite rare deficiencies, the child is active, cheerful, and cheerful. Indeed, sometimes he is also tormented by colic, then a hot diaper, a little lie on his tummy on mom and dad’s chest, hippie tea (bio-fennel), and in extreme cases, espumisan.

My three month old daughter is constipated. During the entire time after being discharged from the Maternity Hospital, the child went to the toilet on his own at most 10 times. We tried everything, Bifidus from Semper, and fermented milk NAN, and we already introduced juices, a piece of soap, enemas, and a few drops of sunflower oil in each 100 ml of liquid, and Duphalac - all useless, and of course, massage. Help, it seems to us that THIS will never end. We are simply desperate. Whoever had any experience, it is important for us to know everything. Thank you! Best regards, Dmitry and Yulia

A very good article found answers to many questions. It turns out it's not as scary as I thought :)

Comment on the article "How to notice the troubles of a newborn"

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Discussion

This is NOT REAL. There are MUCH fewer employees of the guardianship department in the area than there are district doctors. It is impossible to visit all newborns. They will only go where they know. that there is trouble when a child appears in a family that has ALREADY BEEN registered.
Maternity hospitals transmit data about the newborn only to the clinic. That is, the guardianship itself will not be able to identify newborns.
No matter how much those who created this note dream, it will not work for us. There are no such capabilities in our systems.

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Discussion

11. During an examination, can a doctor always confidently diagnose premature rupture of water?
With a massive rupture, making a diagnosis is not difficult. But, unfortunately, in almost half of the cases, doctors even at leading clinics doubt the diagnosis if they rely only on examination data and old research methods.

12. Is it possible to diagnose premature rupture of water using ultrasound?
An ultrasound examination makes it possible to tell whether a woman has oligohydramnios or not. But the cause of oligohydramnios can be not only rupture of the membranes, but also impaired fetal kidney function and other conditions. On the other hand, there are cases when a small rupture of the membranes occurs against the background of polyhydramnios, for example, with kidney pathology in a pregnant woman. Ultrasound is an important method of monitoring the condition of a woman who has had premature rupture of membranes, but does not answer the question of whether the membranes are intact.

13. Is it possible to detect water leakage using litmus paper?
Indeed, there is a method for determining amniotic fluid, based on determining the acidity of the vaginal environment. It is called a nitrazine test or amniotest. Normally, the vaginal environment is acidic, and the amniotic fluid is neutral. Therefore, the entry of amniotic fluid into the vagina leads to the fact that the acidity of the vaginal environment decreases. But, unfortunately, the acidity of the vaginal environment also decreases under other conditions, for example, infection, urine, or sperm. Therefore, unfortunately, a test based on determining the acidity of the vagina gives many both false positive and false negative results.

14. In many antenatal clinics they take a smear on the waters; how accurate is this method for diagnosing premature rupture of waters?
Vaginal discharge containing fetal fluid, when applied to a glass slide and dried, forms a pattern resembling fern leaves (fern phenomenon). Unfortunately, the test also produces many inaccurate results. In addition, in many medical institutions, laboratories are open only during the day and on weekdays.
15. What are the modern methods for diagnosing premature rupture of membranes?
Modern methods for diagnosing premature rupture of membranes are based on the determination of specific proteins, which are abundant in amniotic fluid and are not normally found in vaginal discharge and other body fluids. To detect these substances, an antibody system is developed that is applied to the test strip. The principle of operation of such tests is similar to a pregnancy test. Most accurate test is a test based on the detection of a protein called placental alpha microglobulin. Commercial name – AmniSure®.

16. What is the accuracy of the Amnishur test?
The accuracy of the Amnishur test is 98.7%.

17. Can a woman perform the Amnishur test on her own?
Yes, unlike all other research methods, performing the Amnishur test does not require examination in mirrors and a woman can perform it at home. Everything you need to perform the test is included in the kit. This is a tampon, which is inserted into the vagina to a depth of 5-7 cm and held there for 1 minute, a test tube with a solvent, in which the tampon is washed for 1 minute and then discarded, and a test strip, which is inserted into the test tube. The result is read after 10 minutes. When positive result, as with a pregnancy test, 2 stripes appear. If the result is negative - one strip.

18. What should I do if the test result is positive?
If the test is positive, you must call an ambulance or go to the maternity hospital if the pregnancy is more than 28 weeks and to the gynecological department of the hospital if the pregnancy is less than 28 weeks. The sooner treatment is started, the greater the chance of avoiding complications.

19. What to do if the test is negative?
If the test is negative, you can stay at home, but at your next visit to the doctor, you need to talk about the symptoms that are bothering you.

20. If more than 12 hours have passed since the supposed rupture of the membranes, is it possible to perform a test?
No, if more than 12 hours have passed since the supposed rupture and signs of rupture have stopped, the test may show an incorrect result.

Questions and answers about premature leakage of amniotic fluid

1. How common is premature rupture of membranes?
True premature rupture of membranes occurs in approximately every tenth pregnant woman. However, almost every fourth woman experiences certain symptoms that can be confused with premature rupture of membranes. This includes a physiological increase in vaginal secretion, and slight urinary incontinence in later stages of pregnancy and heavy discharge during genital tract infection.

2. How does premature rupture of membranes manifest?
If a massive rupture of the membranes occurs, then it cannot be confused with anything: it immediately stands out a large number of transparent liquid, odorless and colorless. However, if the tear is small, doctors also call it a subclinical or high lateral tear, then it can be very difficult to make a diagnosis.

3. What is the danger of premature rupture of membranes?
There are 3 types of complications that can result from premature rupture of membranes. The most common and severe complication is the development of an ascending infection, up to neonatal sepsis. In a premature pregnancy, premature rupture of the membranes can lead to premature birth with all the consequences of having a premature baby. With massive rupture of water, mechanical injury to the fetus, prolapse of the umbilical cord, and placental abruption are possible.

4. Who is more likely to experience rupture of membranes?
Risk factors for premature rupture of membranes are infection of the genital organs, overstretching of the membranes as a result of polyhydramnios or multiple pregnancy, abdominal trauma, incomplete closure of the uterine os. An important risk factor is premature rupture of membranes during a previous pregnancy. However, in almost every 3rd woman, rupture of the membranes occurs in the absence of any significant risk factors.

5. How quickly does labor occur with premature rupture of membranes?
This is largely determined by the duration of pregnancy. In full-term pregnancy, spontaneous labor occurs within 12 hours in half of women and in more than 90% within 48 hours. In case of premature pregnancy, it is possible to maintain pregnancy for a week or longer if infection does not occur.

6. Is it normal for a small amount of amniotic fluid to be released?
Normally, the membranes are sealed and no, even the slightest penetration of amniotic fluid into the vagina occurs. Women often mistake increased vaginal secretion or slight urinary incontinence for leakage of amniotic fluid.

7. Is it true that in case of premature rupture of water, the pregnancy is terminated regardless of the term?
Premature rupture of membranes is indeed a very dangerous complication of pregnancy, but with timely diagnosis, hospitalization and timely treatment, a premature pregnancy can often be prolonged if infection does not occur. In full-term and near-term pregnancies, as a rule, the onset of labor is stimulated. Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment in this case also make it possible to smoothly prepare a woman for childbirth.
8. If premature rupture of the membranes occurs, but the mucous plug does not come off, does it protect against infection?
The mucus plug does protect against infection, but when the membranes rupture, the mucus plug's protection alone is not enough. If treatment is not started within 24 hours of the rupture, serious infectious complications can occur.

9. Is it true that the waters are divided into anterior and posterior and the outpouring of the anterior waters is not dangerous, it often occurs normally?
The amniotic fluid is indeed divided into anterior and posterior, but no matter where the rupture occurs, it is the gateway to infection.

10. What precedes a breakup?
The rupture of the membranes itself occurs painlessly and without any warning signs.

Every parent strives to understand their child, because this brings the family closer together.

But when we talk about infants, it is important to understand them not so much based on the establishment of family relationships, but rather from a vital necessity - after all, the baby cannot talk about his health problems.

How to tell if your baby has a sore throat

When a baby has a sore throat, just like an adult, the color of the throat mucosa changes - from pale pink to red. The redder the throat, the more painful it is infant. Attentive parents will quickly notice that the child began to sleep worse, suddenly began to refuse food, and when swallowing, screams and cries shrilly. If all of the above signs are present, it is necessary to arm yourself with an examination stick and examine the child’s throat.

In addition, sore throat and redness can occur against the background of a number of other symptoms, such as chills, fever, increased body temperature of the baby, and nasal congestion. Only a qualified doctor can make a correct diagnosis, and only he can prescribe appropriate treatment.

How to tell if a baby has a sore throat

With a sore throat, the child begins to refuse food and swallow with great difficulty. In addition, he has a special condition in his eyes - they become “glassy” and watery. Without fail, with a sore throat, the child begins to cry loudly and shows anxiety. All this happens against the background of redness of the mucous membrane of the throat. The child begins to cry especially hard when swallowing, because it becomes painful for him to do this.

How to tell if your baby has ear pain

Pain in the ear of an infant can be recognized by the fact that the child begins to cry bitterly, tries to take the most comfortable position on the pillow, cannot fall asleep for a long time, has an increase in temperature and begins to refuse food. To find out whether this is actually the case, you should press lightly on the tragus - they protrude above the lobe of the ear. If a child begins to wince and moves his head away, often crying, it means his ear hurts.

Often otitis media begins after a child has had an acute respiratory viral infection. If this is exactly the case, then after the child’s condition improves, his temperature begins to rise again, he cannot breastfeed, he becomes restless and turns his head from side to side. Sometimes, after crying and screaming, the child suddenly calms down, his body temperature returns to normal and it seems that everything has passed. However, if, during daily care of the baby, his mother observes bloody discharge from the ear, this means that the eardrum has ruptured.

How to tell if your baby has a headache

Most often, a headache in a baby can be recognized by prolonged crying, during which the baby pulls his hands to his head and begins to pat himself for it. If the child cries loudly and for a long time, parents should, without wasting time, contact a neurologist. He is able to prescribe the correct course of treatment for the child, based on a brain examination that can detect all existing pathologies. If headaches in an infant are not given due attention, various unpleasant consequences may occur, ranging from ear problems to the baby subsequently falling behind in school in the future.

How to tell if your baby has a stomach ache

If a baby has a stomach ache, he will begin to cry loudly and for a long time, and this crying will be impossible to stop. At the same time, the child will begin to pull his legs towards his stomach, will begin to refuse the breast, and by listening to his stomach, it will be possible to make out the seething gases in it. They can also accumulate due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the child’s esophagus, which manifest themselves during the first months of his life. In this case, his tummy becomes round, increases in size and becomes hard to the touch when palpated. The child constantly shows anxiety, sleeps poorly, often shudders during sleep, and begins to show signs of lack of appetite.

To make the baby's position easier, you should change the position in which he lies, shift him first to one side, then to the other. Similar manipulations can be repeated several times. If repeated regularly, there is a chance that the gases will move through the intestines and stop bothering the child.

Allergic reactions to a particular product can occur in people of any age and gender.

Can a baby have allergies? The answer is clear - maybe. Moreover, today this phenomenon is quite common. According to medical statistics, out of 10 children during breastfeeding, 4 are exposed to food allergens. A breastfeeding mother must take her diet, and therefore her baby's, seriously.

Symptoms and manifestations of food allergies in children

Important!Symptoms and signs that indicate you have a food allergy infant, may manifest themselves in different ways.

This indicates an increased level of sensitivity to one or more foods. Mothers often wondercould it be an allergy?does not appear immediately, but after a few days or symptoms the baby should have instant? As a rule, the first signs of allergic reactions appear on the same day or the next, but sometimes there are cases when the first symptoms are visible later.

The main signs indicating the presence of allergic reactions in a child that you should pay attention to are the following:

• skin reactions;
• gastrointestinal disorders;
• swelling of the mucous membrane of the infant's respiratory tract.

Allergies manifest themselves on the child’s skin in the form of the following symptoms:

• various skin rashes - locally or throughout the body;
• redness of certain areas of the skin;
• peeling and itching of the skin on the child’s cheeks;
• increased level of diaper rash, which does not go away despite all hygiene procedures;
• even with slight heating of the body, increased sweating occurs;
• peeling of the skin on parts of the body covered with hair (head or eyebrows);
• development of urticaria;
• the occurrence of Quincke's edema, such a manifestation of allergy is very dangerous for the life of the baby; when it occurs, suffocation occurs, which can be compared to an asthma attack.

The allergy affects the gastrointestinal tract and manifests itself as follows:

• belching and regurgitation;
• nausea and vomiting;
• diarrhea, which may be foamy or mixed with greens;
• constipation;
• bloating in infants and increased flatulence.

In more in rare cases the manifestation of food allergies provokes a runny nose or the occurrence of bronchospasms. In addition, the reaction can occur jointly with the digestive system, inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract, and skin lesions.

What foods can cause allergic reactions in a child?

Important! One of the main causes of allergic reactions in a child is banal overeating.

When a baby is switched from breast milk to cereal, many parents have questions about whether the baby is allergic to buckwheat and other cereals, and whether the baby is allergic to cottage cheese. With systematic overfeeding, a baby may be allergic to almost all foods, even the “safest” ones. For a long time, apples and rice flour were considered hypoallergenic foods. Today, even they can provoke an allergic reaction. That is why you need to take seriously the quality and quantity of food for the child, so that in the future mothers will not have questions about whether buckwheat can cause an allergy in a baby, whether a baby is allergic to broccoli, whether cottage cheese can cause an allergy in a baby, and the like.

Doctors classify the following food groups as allergens:

1. Dry cocoa powder or chocolate. In their pure form, they are among the prohibited products for babies, but they may be among the ingredients of some products.
2. Cow's milk is a highly allergenic product.
3. Eggs, especially whites. You should carefully study the composition of store-bought cookies, pasta and other confectionery products, since chicken eggs are often included in the list of ingredients.
4. Fish and any seafood.
5. Some types of cereals. These primarily include rice and buckwheat.
6. Cottage cheese (both homemade and store-bought).
7. Lactose and products containing it.
8. Drinking water is of poor quality.
9. Mushrooms. In any form they are a strictly prohibited product for children during the first two years.
10. Any nuts.
11. Orange or red fresh fruits, vegetables or berries. In addition, juices prepared from them can also cause allergies.
12. Soy products and dishes.

A number of tests and diagnostics will allow you to identify the cause of allergies. That is why at the first symptoms it is advisable to contact a medical facility. The doctor will examine the baby, ask several relevant questions to the parents and be able to establish the necessary connection between allergic symptoms and the food taken. For reliability, the following procedures can be prescribed:

1. Taking blood for analysis. To get more complete information blood is taken from a vein.
2. Ultrasound diagnostics of the digestive tract.

As a result of the data obtained, the level of immunoglobulin E and eosinophils is assessed. High levels indicate that an allergic reaction is occurring in the child’s body.

In addition, all signs of allergies begin to disappear after eliminating the allergen product.

Such records will help to identify the cause of an allergic reaction within a short time.

How are allergies treated in a child?

If the mother suspects that the baby has an allergic reaction, she should immediately contact pediatrician. There should be no doubt about whether allergies in an infant need to be treated. In addition, it is highly undesirable to engage in treatment at home. The course of treatment should occur under the strict supervision of a pediatrician.

One of the main components of the treatment course is compliance special diet. Moreover, first of all, an allergen product is excluded from the baby’s diet. In addition, portion sizes and the number of meals are strictly controlled.

Dietary treatment itself generally consists of the following main components:

1. For 10-14 days, you should completely eliminate all foods that can trigger allergies. At this time, sugar and salt, all products containing emulsifiers and dyes, as well as other chemical and non-natural ingredients are prohibited. Dairy products are also prohibited (or reduced to a minimum).
2. For a month or two, you should stick to a diet, eating easily tolerated foods. During the first 10 days of a strict diet, doctors will be able to identify the main allergen, which will allow them to create an individual diet for the child.
3. After two months, you can increase the number of products, but at the same time avoid consuming the main allergen.

It is important to follow simple rules so that in the future the question does not arise as to whether the baby may have an allergy. The basic rules are as follows:

• packaged and home-prepared fruit juices, as well as purees, should not be given to a child under three months of age;
• if your diet contains pureed vegetables, you should limit the consumption of milk and ready-made milk formulas;
• strictly monitor the freshness of products and their expiration dates;
• It is strictly forbidden to introduce nuts, mushrooms and chocolate into the baby’s diet until the age of two.

In extremely severe cases, especially when angioedema occurs, you should call an ambulance, and before the doctors arrive, give the baby an antihistamine, having previously specified the permissible dose.

In order for the child’s treatment to be more productive and effective, a nursing mother must follow a diet and monitor the foods she eats.

Foods to avoid include:

• milk can be added in small quantities when preparing porridges and other dishes;
• seafood and fish;
• eggs;
• chocolate and confectionery, while the amount of sugar consumed must be kept to a minimum;
• coffee and juices;
• onion and garlic;
• mushrooms and broths based on them;
• spices are allowed, but in small quantities;
• fruits that are imported and treated with various chemicals;
• raspberries and strawberries.

In this case, the diet of a nursing mother should be enriched with such products as:

• fermented milk - in the form of natural yoghurts or kefir;
• porridge made from rice, buckwheat, oatmeal or corn;
• various vegetables - cabbage, zucchini, potatoes;
• seasonal fruits - apples and pears;
• lean meats, preference should be given to boiled or steamed dishes;
• wholemeal bread;
• weak tea or compotes.

The diet must be composed correctly to provide the body with the necessary amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as the necessary vitamins and microelements. Sometimes, to ensure the completeness of the diet, it is allowed to take tablet medications and dietary supplements.

Preventive measures to avoid allergic manifestations in the future

Does it happen that once an allergy appears in infants, it will no longer occur? After dietary therapy, the child’s usual sanitary and eating habits should be completely reconsidered. Only in this case can you completely avoid allergic reactions in the future.

First of all, during the first two years, you should avoid the foods prohibited for children, which were mentioned above. And completely eliminate the product that triggered the development of allergies.

In addition, you must adhere to the following rules and recommendations:

1. Monitor the regularity of your baby's bowel movements. If you have persistent constipation, you should contact your pediatrician for help in eliminating them.
2. During treatment, it is necessary to avoid syrups and tablets that contain dyes.
3. Taking baths and others water treatments you need to arrange them in warm water and control their duration (no more than 20 minutes).
4. Use specialized children's cosmetics with the appropriate pH level.
5. All baby clothes should be made from natural fabrics, excluding synthetic items. In addition, to avoid allergic reactions, all clothing and bedding should be ironed.
6. It is not advisable to keep pets. The main reason is animal food, which increases the development of allergies. That is why even keeping fish is prohibited.
7. Spend more time on fresh air, and at home constantly ventilate the room.
8. Avoid overheating and excessive sweating, which can also cause various allergic skin rashes.

If you take the therapeutic course of treatment and the rehabilitation period seriously, you can completely get rid of allergies in the future. As a rule, as a child grows older, the functions of the child's liver, digestive tract, and immune system become stronger. That is why it is quite possible to achieve a positive result. As practice shows, only 1-2% of children remain allergic for life.

More often, reactions develop in response to excipients contained in vitamins, which are usually prescribed by pediatricians to prevent rickets.

Excipients combine with body proteins, which causes a sensitization reaction, which is called an allergy, since the body perceives the newly formed proteins as foreign.

In a growing body, vitamin D is necessary for the proper absorption of calcium and phosphorus.

Due to a lack of this vitamin, children aged 2 months to 2 years develop rickets, a disease characterized by impaired growth and development of bone tissue.

This happens because the baby receives only 4% of the daily requirement through breast milk.

An adult needs vitamin D for proper functioning. thyroid gland, nervous and immune systems, heart and kidneys.

In adults, a lack of vitamin D leads to nervousness, unstable mood swings, disturbances in sweating, sleep and appetite. Decreased vision, caries and “ache” in the joints are often observed.

Vitamin D is so important for the human body that its synthesis occurs in the skin when a person is outdoors in sunny weather.

Therefore, vitamin deficiency is often observed in people who spend a large amount of time in indoors or going out mainly at night.

Large amounts of vitamin D are found in the following natural products:

• dairy products;
• eggs;
• Cod liver;
• fish fat;
• parsley;
• mushrooms;
• sunflower seeds;
• potato;
• salmon;
• herring;

By the way, plant foods contain much less vitamin D than animal products.

Therefore, vegans should remember that they are the main risk group under attack, and either resort to consuming medications with vitamin D, or occasionally consume animal products.

Vegetarians are not in the affected area because they consume:

• milk;
• eggs;
• fish.

Pharmaceutical drugs include:

• Aquadetrim;
• Vigantol;
• Rocaltrol;
• Alpha D3-TEVA;
• Calcium D3 – Nycomed;
• Videohol;
• Osteothreol;
• Etalfa.

The pharmaceutical market offers many drugs that contain either pure vitamin D or it is part of mixtures.

In infants

An allergy to vitamin D in an infant can manifest itself in different ways.

The most common manifestations are:

1. rash and redness of varying severity, spreading to the face;
2. peeling in small scales or layers of skin;
3. itching in certain areas of the skin, especially pronounced in skin folds;
4. development of an attack of bronchial asthma;
5. capriciousness.

The following manifestations pose a threat to life:

1. Quincke's edema;
2. attack of bronchial asthma;
3. swelling in the larynx, lips, tongue;
4. runny nose or cough;
5. anaphylactic shock.

The manifestation of an allergic reaction to vitamin D in a child is no different from the symptoms observed in infants.

The child becomes capricious, rashes appear on the skin of the body, spreading to the face, and then peeling of the skin.

In cases of severe allergies, an attack of suffocation, anaphylactic shock, and Quincke's edema may develop.

Symptoms of vitamin D allergy in adults are somewhat different from typical childhood symptoms.

In adults, allergic reactions are much more likely to manifest themselves in the form of:

1. difficulty breathing;
2. sensations of heaviness and tightness in the chest, pain (can be confused with an attack of angina pectoris);
3. itching in the eyes and ears, redness of the conjunctiva;
4. feeling of “stuffiness” in the lungs, inability to breathe deeply.

Adults, like children, are not immune from life-threatening allergic reactions, such as asthma, angioedema or anaphylactic shock.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that the manifestation of allergies in a pregnant woman does not pose any threat to the fetus, since it is reliably protected by the placental barrier.

But allergies can appear in a child after birth, as they are often hereditary.

Pregnant women are characterized by the same symptoms as adults, but urticaria, runny nose and conjunctivitis may be added.

Pregnant women are not immune from the development of life-threatening allergic reactions, therefore, when the first symptoms of an allergy appear, you should consult a doctor to find out the causes and relieve the state of sensitization.

Overdose is often confused with allergies.

Please note that an overdose of vitamin D has other symptoms:

1. nausea and vomiting;
2. lethargy, apathy, fatigue;
3. thirst;
4. loss of appetite.

Firstly, your child’s first intake of vitamin D should be done carefully.

The vitamin must be given in the smallest possible dosage to ensure that allergies do not manifest themselves.

If an allergy does appear, then it is necessary:

1. immediately stop taking medications with vitamin D;
2. consult a pediatrician or allergist for advice;
3. the doctor must be informed about what drugs and products the patient used;
4. follow recommendations on diet and taking antihistamines (anti-allergic) medications, if your doctor prescribes them;
5. Do not self-medicate or continue taking the vitamin without your doctor’s approval.

Most often, doctors prescribe the following drugs for vitamin D deficiency:

It has several forms of release, ranging from an oil solution to tablets.

Appointed:

1. if rickets is suspected;
2. women with multiple pregnancies;
3. pregnant women with nicotine addiction;
4. in the presence of hypovitaminosis and vitamin deficiency;
5. for alcoholism and many other diseases associated with poor absorption of vitamin D.

The drug, like all medications containing vitamin D, increases cholesterol levels in the blood and contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.

Cannot be used for liver and kidney pathologies, hypervitaminosis “D”.

When using the drug, individual sensitivity should be taken into account. Since vitamin D has a teratogenic effect, during pregnancy you should not exceed the daily dose recommended by your doctor.

More expensive than Vitamin D3.

It has similar indications and contraindications.

Available exclusively in the form of drops for oral administration.

Higher price.

The drug is available in the form of chewable tablets in three flavors (orange, mint, lemon).

Due to its pleasant taste, it is well suited for children.

Indications and contraindications are similar to previous drugs.

The most expensive of the drugs presented.

It differs from the previous ones in that the active substance in it is not vitamin D, but the precursor substance alfacalcidol, which is converted into vitamin D directly in the liver.

Available in capsule form.

Another significant difference is the ban on using the drug during pregnancy and lactation.

All drugs presented are analogues and are selected based on personal preferences and financial capabilities.

You should only use Alpha-D3 TEVA with caution due to contraindications during pregnancy and lactation.

In any case, when choosing a drug, you should consult with your doctor so that he can select the dosage based on the patient’s personal characteristics and disease.

The only way to treat an allergy to vitamin D is to stop taking medications containing it, as well as to exclude foods rich in vitamin D from the diet.

It is better not to stop taking the vitamin on your own. It is necessary to consult your doctor.

The doctor may advise not to exclude vitamin D from the diet completely, but to begin with, reduce the dosage and then, depending on the development of the allergic reaction, either completely ban medications and products with vitamin D for a while, or allow them again.

In severe cases, if the reaction does not subside even after stopping taking vitamin D, the doctor may prescribe antihistamines.

If sensitization manifests itself as a skin rash and scratching, then you should resort to the use of creams and ointments with anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effects.

If a child has a severe form of intoxication caused by an overdose of vitamin D, then the doctor may resort to prescribing enterosorbents, which will quickly remove toxins from the body.

In case of overdose, it is worth increasing the amount of fluid consumed in order to effectively replenish the body's losses.

Measures to prevent allergies to vitamin D are quite simple:

• exact adherence to the dosages of drugs prescribed by the doctor;
• It is forbidden to independently increase the dose of drugs without consulting a doctor;
• If we're talking about about an infant who is fed artificial formulas, it is necessary to inform the pediatrician of the brand of the formula so that he can adjust the dosage of the vitamin depending on it;
• You should give preference to an aqueous solution of the vitamin, since it is less likely to cause allergies, unlike an oil solution;
• If an allergic reaction occurs after the first dose of the drug, then you should stop using it and ask your doctor to prescribe an analogue or adjust the dose.

An allergy to vitamin D may be a consequence of intolerance to certain foods.

• exclude foods that cause an allergic reaction from the diet. In the case of vitamin D, this is milk and dairy products, eggs, fish, mushrooms, potatoes;
• Use caution with foods that are common allergens. These include citrus fruits, peanuts, ketchups, chocolate and caffeine, strawberries, strong tea, raspberries, plants of the nightshade family;
• can be used:

1. lean meat;
2. yellow and green apples;
3. legumes;
4. zucchini;
5. 2nd grade wheat bread;
6. fructose;
7. White cabbage.

• the diet should be adjusted taking into account the patient’s personal characteristics, covering the body’s needs for essential macro- and microelements;
• It is recommended to consume freshly prepared foods to avoid fermentation and rotting processes, which contribute to sensitization when ingested;
• remember that spices increase the permeability of the gastric mucosa, which means it is necessary to limit their consumption in order to reduce sensitization;
• If children are allergic to vitamin D, it is worth trying to switch them to fermented milk products, since complete exclusion of the vitamin from the diet leads to the development of rickets.

Manifestations of allergies at any age should be treated carefully and look for the cause of the reactions in order to avoid complications.

A reaction to both vitamins and food can be disastrous and lead to serious consequences, including chronic inflammatory processes.

If you notice that your child or you yourself have developed an allergy to vitamin D, you should immediately contact your doctor or allergist so that specialists can select therapy and stop the reaction before it leads to dangerous consequences.

It is believed that vitamin D is especially useful for infants, since this biologically active substance ensures the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from food.

Most often, drugs with this vitamin are prescribed to children for the prevention and treatment of rickets, but sometimes the need for their use arises in adults. IN Lately Many people notice the appearance of allergies after using vitamin D supplements.

A true allergy to vitamin D is extremely rare, since this substance is not foreign to the human body. In most cases, a negative reaction from the immune system of newborns is provoked by the excipients included in such medications. The most popular among pediatricians and parents is Aquadetrim, which contains vitamin D3. This solution contains potential allergens:

• sucrose;
• lemon acid;
• anise flavor;
• benzyl alcohol;
• Cremophor EL (macrogol glyceryl ricinoleate).

Somewhat less frequently, other drugs are prescribed that help compensate for cholecalciferol deficiency, one of them is Oxydevit. Its main active ingredient is an analogue of vitamin D3 (alfacalcidol). In addition, this product contains the auxiliary component ionol. Also, to treat or prevent rickets in a child, the drug “Vigantol” may be prescribed. In addition to vitamin D3, it contains only triglyceride fats.

A child is also often allergic to Multi-Tabs Baby, because vitamin D is not the only active ingredient in its composition. This drug includes many other biologically active and additional substances:

• vitamin A;
• ascorbic acid;
• sucrose;
• Cremophor EL;
• hydrochloric acid.

Sometimes children are recommended to take ergocalciferol - vitamin D2. Previously it was believed that it is absorbed worse than vitamin D3, but the main difference between them is the form of release. Vitamin D3 and its analogues are usually available in the form of aqueous solutions, while ergocalciferol is dissolved in oils. Dosage the drug manufactured in oil based more difficult than an aqueous solution. In this regard, ergocalciferol is not prescribed if there are diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or metabolic disorders due to renal or liver failure.

The symptoms of an allergic reaction and an overdose are very similar. Moreover, an allergy to vitamin D in many cases is caused by excess intake of this substance into the body. Often, parents do not even know about the causes of overdose in infants, and there may be several of them at once.

1. Independently changing the drug and incorrect dosage regimen for a long time. For example, one drop of Viganol contains approximately 670 IU of the vitamin, and a drop of Aquadetrim contains 500 IU.
2. Mom taking vitamins. Almost any substance that enters the body of a nursing woman can pass into breast milk, and then into the baby’s digestive system.

1. Feeding with artificial formulas. Manufacturers add vitamins to most nutritional mixtures, including cholecalciferol.

It must be remembered that in a child with chronic diseases, the removal of the vitamin from the body occurs slowly, so some of it accumulates. For such children, the dosage of any medications should be selected with extreme caution.

Symptoms of a vitamin D allergy usually appear within a few hours or days after taking the drug and disappear if use is stopped. The disease manifests itself as follows:

redness, peeling and rashes in the form of small blisters in the area of ​​the child’s cheeks, neck, forearms, buttocks and legs;

• insomnia and restlessness of the baby due to itching;
• decreased appetite;
• runny nose, sneezing and nasal congestion;
• lacrimation, redness of the eyes.

In severe cases of vitamin D allergy, difficulty breathing, coughing, swelling of the face, arms and legs develop, and crying becomes hoarse. If such symptoms appear, you should immediately call a doctor. If the disease manifests itself with frequent regurgitation, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, then there is a high probability of acute intoxication. Chronic overdose may be indicated by lethargy, sleep disturbance, increased irritability, too rapid closure of the large fontanel and impaired renal function, which will be shown by a urine test.

The first thing to do is to temporarily stop taking the drug. If you have a severe allergy to vitamin D, your pediatrician may prescribe oral antihistamines (Simprex, Kestin, Xizal). If angioedema has developed, the doctor will use systemic corticosteroids. To eliminate the symptoms of dermatitis, anti-inflammatory creams (Bepanten, Bübchen, Epidel) are used. To relieve itching and reduce rashes, an ointment with an antiallergic effect (Fenistil-gel, Advantan) can be used.

You should carefully choose allergy creams, as many of them contain large doses of hormonal substances that are unsafe for children. To cleanse the body of protein molecules that cause a negative reaction, some doctors advise doing a cleansing enema.

Once allergy symptoms subside, it may be worth trying other vitamin D supplements if needed. A good alternative would be regular fish oil or Devisol, which contains only oil and alpha-tocopherol as excipients. If a nursing mother eats properly and introduces complementary foods into the baby’s diet in a timely manner, the child’s body will receive all the necessary substances. However, for the synthesis of vitamin D, the baby needs regular exposure to the sun. To reduce the risk of developing a vitamin D allergy, follow certain rules.

1. Walk with your child every day; even in cloudy weather, a certain percentage of ultraviolet rays hits the skin. If you live in an area where sunny weather is very rare, try to spend your holidays in the southern regions.
2. As an alternative to medications, heliotherapy or ultraviolet irradiation of children under a special lamp is performed.
3. Choose drugs with a minimum amount of substances in the composition. The wider the list of ingredients, the more potential allergens there are in the medicine.
4. You should not give your baby multivitamins without first consulting a specialist. A child's body does not always need all the substances that are there. In addition, the need to absorb several vitamins at once can provoke the development of a negative reaction from the immune system.

1. Avoid taking vitamin D during pregnancy unless there is a real need (indications from a gynecologist). Even a slight excess of this substance in the body of a pregnant woman can cause sensitization in the fetus and allergies in the future.

Remember that allergic reactions in children are often temporary, because the child’s immunity continues to develop. After a few months, the allergy may disappear on its own. However, the appearance of pathological symptoms requires a mandatory visit to the pediatrician, especially if the child’s condition does not improve.

Do not try to diagnose yourself, because taking vitamin preparations can be accompanied not only by allergies, but also by overdose or side effects. Each of these conditions manifests itself in a similar way, and only a doctor can tell the difference.

Physiologically active substances enter the infant’s body with mother’s milk, adapted formulas, and complementary foods. An allergy to vitamin D in infants can occur due to an excess of this important regulator of calcium metabolism and the functioning of the immune system. In the future, hypo- and hypervitaminosis lead to problems in the development of the child’s cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems.

As world-famous pediatrician E. Komarovsky explains, infants cannot acquire an allergy to vitamin D while walking on a sunny day. Most often, characteristic symptoms of an acute allergic condition in a child appear in the event of an excess of calciferols in the diet of a nursing mother and in dry mixtures. This is the name of the D vitamins - ergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3). The main functions are associated with the activation of the synthesis of certain hormones and the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

Domestic pediatricians became concerned about the lack of substances that regulate bone growth in children back in the middle of last century. After the war, the number of children suffering from rickets in the country increased. The disease is associated with a violation of the formation of solid bone matter and occurs against the background of a lack of vitamin D (D) in the body. Its absorption and storage of reserves occurs thanks to fats (lipids).

Vitamin D2 enters the body with food; for D3, in addition to the nutritional route, there is the possibility of synthesis in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.

It is not surprising that women's forums are full of reports of cases of allergy to vitamin D3 in infants. “Horror stories” about rickets played with conscientious mothers cruel joke. In caring for infants, they forgot the limit, they themselves “lean” on foods rich in calciferols, take vitamin supplements, give them to the child on the advice of the pediatrician, and buy fortified formulas.

According to experts, hypervitaminosis does not threaten if calciferols enter the child’s body with food and regularly receive a dose of ultraviolet radiation. A two-hour weekly walk in sunny weather, provided that the child's face and hands are open, is enough to preserve normal level D3 in the child's body. The accumulation of the vitamin occurs from spring to autumn; in winter, with a lack of insolation, the reserves are gradually consumed.

Ages 0–2 year goes by intensive bone growth, but babies’ skin does not yet produce enough vitamin D3. With calcium deficiency, there is a danger of softening of the bones - rickets. Recent research by scientists has revealed the participation of vitamin D in cell division, metabolism and the formation of immunity. With its deficiency, disturbances in the formation of dental and bone tissue occur, and autoimmune diseases develop.

Pediatricians often prescribe vitamin D to infants depending on the time of year when the newborn was born. If the date of birth falls in the autumn and winter months, then the baby may develop symptoms of calciferol deficiency. In the body of a breastfeeding woman with a deficiency sunlight Sometimes there is not enough vitamin D either.

If an overdose of calciferols occurs, the baby loses appetite, suffers from constipation, and becomes apathetic.

Excess vitamin D can lead to severe side effects - hypercalcemia and convulsions. Increasing the dose of vitamin supplements causes dehydration and muscle pain. The child becomes weak and suffers from vomiting. Heart rhythms change, sand and kidney stones are deposited, and the functioning of the urinary system worsens.

Dr. Komarovsky invites mothers to do simple calculations to prevent allergies and overdose. If the baby is bottle-fed, then during the day the mixture ensures that 600 IU of vitamin D enters his body. Often, on the recommendation of a pediatrician or own initiative The mother gives the baby the drug “Aquadetrim” for preventive purposes. Each drop contains 500 IU of vitamin D, and a full-term newborn is given 1–2 drops per day. Mothers walk with their children, and under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, vitamin D3 is formed in the skin.

The vitamin D requirement of a child under 1 year of age is only 400 IU per day.

Excess calciferols and auxiliary components in pharmaceutical preparations containing this active substance can provoke atopic dermatitis. Symptoms of allergies to vitamins in children, in particular to vitamin D3, manifest themselves in the form of redness and itching of the skin, rashes, runny nose and cough. The rash in infants most often occurs on the face, in the crease of the neck, on the arms and legs. In such cases, the baby is usually capricious and eats poorly.

Acute allergic conditions pose a serious threat to the life of a child:

• attack of bronchial asthma;
• swelling in the lips and throat;
• anaphylactic shock;
• Quincke's edema.

At the first symptoms, you should stop taking the vitamin and count the amount of calciferols that the child receives from infant formula. It becomes more difficult if the child is already being introduced to complementary foods. Eggs, milk and other foods also contain vitamin D. To get rid of allergy symptoms, you need to limit the load on your baby’s digestive system and not give him more food than his intestines can digest. This remark applies to formulas and complementary foods in a child’s diet.

If the mother of a baby has allergy symptoms in her child, she should switch to low-fat kefir and cottage cheese, and not eat butter, rich meat broths. It is recommended to give your baby lactulose-based anti-constipation medications. It is useful for the child and mother to take intestinal sorbents - these are the drugs “Smecta”, “Enterosgel”. For itching and irritation of the skin, you can give your baby antihistamine drops, treat dry, flaky areas of the face and body with Bepanten cream or Fenistil gel.

We have a whole epic! At the clinic they told us to urgently go to the hospital, they say there are no numbers to see an allergist, like whatever you want, do it! the manager called me selfish three times, treated me as rudely as she could, sent me to the wrong clinic... they sent us away there! In the end, I filed a complaint with the Ministry of Health, and went to an appointment with a paid allergist!!! you can’t eat regular adapted formulas, you’re allergic to cow protein, they prescribed you to eat hydrolysates, fully broken down protein in them and the price is huge, 850 rubles/can of 400 g, but what to do... they tightened their belts, relatives are still helping... they prescribed treatment... Suprastin 2 a day times 4 days 1/4, Creon 3 times a day also 1/4, enterosgel half a spoon 3 times a day an hour before meals, then cancel Suprastin, administer fenistil 3 times a day 5 drops, ketotifen 10 days 1/4 3 times a day... externally complex ointment 1:1 zinc + salicylic + streptocidal + advantan 2 times a day, after three days when the improvement of advantan in the ointment, stir less 1/2, after another 4 days advantan 1/4... add... if it improves after 2 weeks, apply bepapten or d-panenol... it’s better to go to an allergist... our severe rash went away in a day!!! I don’t know, maybe it’ll screw up again!!! It seems to me that the stomach is also busy, it is necessary to poop every day, but here we have every other day, so the crap accumulates in the stomach, gets into the blood, and as a result the crap appears on the skin... our pediatrician is also a doctor, a student is a fool, the nurse told me to smear the skin struck by boiled oil, the allergist said that they had provoked an even worse allergy... the manager called today, called me by name and patronymic, the complaint reached the Ministry of Health, she was apparently given a good beating for neglect of children and rudeness, and in going to paid doctors, with there is a free one in the same clinic... so go to an allergist, don’t wait until it gets stronger... ttt... good luck to you