Anatomical heart in pencil step by step. Human Heart, Anatomy and Physiology

Human heart has four chambers: two ventricles and two atria. Arterial blood flows through the left sections, venous blood flows through the right. The main function is transport; the heart muscle works like a pump, pumping blood to peripheral tissues, supplying them with oxygen and nutrients. When cardiac arrest occurs, it is diagnosed clinical death. If this condition continues for more than 5 minutes, the brain shuts down and the person dies. This is the whole importance of the proper functioning of the heart; without it, the body is not viable.

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Diagram of the structure of the heart

The heart is an organ consisting of to a greater extent from muscle tissue, it provides blood supply to all organs and tissues and has the following anatomy. Located in the left half of the chest at the level of the second to fifth rib, the average weight is 350 grams. The base of the heart is formed by the atria, pulmonary trunk and aorta, turned towards the spine, and the vessels that make up the base fix the heart in the chest cavity. The apex is formed by the left ventricle and is a rounded area facing down and to the left towards the ribs.

In addition, the heart has four surfaces:

• Anterior or sternocostal.
• Lower or diaphragmatic.
• And two pulmonary: right and left.

The structure of the human heart is quite complex, but it can be described schematically as follows. Functionally, it is divided into two sections: right and left or venous and arterial. The four-chamber structure ensures the division of the blood supply into small and big circle. The atria are separated from the ventricles by valves that open only in the direction of blood flow. The right and left ventricles are separated by the interventricular septum, and the interatrial septum is located between the atria.

The heart wall has three layers:

• The epicardium is the outer membrane, tightly fused with the myocardium, and covered on top with a pericardial sac - the pericardium, which delimits the heart from other organs and, due to its contents, large quantity fluid between its leaves provides a reduction in friction during contraction.
• Myocardium - consists of muscle tissue, which is unique in its structure; it provides contraction and carries out excitation and conduction of impulses. In addition, some cells have automatism, that is, they are able to independently generate impulses that are transmitted along pathways throughout the myocardium. Muscle contraction occurs - systole.
• Endocardium - covers inner surface atria and ventricles and forms the heart valves, which are folds of the endocardium consisting of connective tissue with a high content of elastic and collagen fibers.



The structure of the myocardium



The thickest layer of the heart is the muscular layer; in the area of ​​the left ventricle it reaches a thickness of 11 to 14 mm, which is 2 times greater than the wall of the right ventricle (4 to 6 mm). In the area of ​​the atria, the muscle layer is even smaller - 2–3 mm. The myocardium of the atria and ventricles is separated by a fibrous ring; it surrounds the right and left atrioventricular orifices. The structure of the myocardium of the atria and ventricles is also different; the former have two muscle layers, and the latter three. This indicates a greater functional load on the lower parts of the heart.

The muscle fibers of the atria form the so-called ears, which are a continuation of the chambers of the upper parts of the heart. The right and left ears are distinguished. The ventricular myocardium forms papillary muscles, from which chords extend to the mitral and tricuspid valves. They are needed so that the high pressure of the ventricles does not bend the valve leaflets into the atria and does not push blood in the opposite direction.

The interatrial and interventricular septum are formed by muscle tissue. Only the latter has a membranous part, in which there are practically no muscle fibers; it occupies 1/5 of the entire surface, the remaining 4/5 of the surface is the muscular section, reaching a thickness of up to 11 mm.



Heart valves and hemodynamics



Diagram of blood flow through the chambers of the heart

To ensure the correct sequence of blood flow, valves are placed between the chambers. The right atrium and ventricle are separated by the tricuspid valve (tricuspid), and the left by the mitral valve (bicuspid). In addition, there are valves in both the pulmonary trunk and the aorta, their function is the same - to prevent the reverse flow of blood from the arteries to the heart.

When the atria contract, blood is pushed into the ventricles, after which the tricuspid and mitral valves close, and the latter begin to contract, carrying blood into the pulmonary trunk and aorta. This is how the large and small circles of blood circulation begin, the hemodynamic mechanism for them looks as follows.

The pulmonary trunk emerges from the right ventricle, it divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries, they carry venous blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The oxygenated blood then returns through the four pulmonary veins to the left atrium. This is what the pulmonary circulation looks like.

The division of vessels into arteries and veins depends not on what kind of blood they carry, but on the direction relative to the heart. An artery is any vessel coming from the heart, and a vein is called any vessel leading to it. Therefore, in the pulmonary circulation, arteries carry venous blood, and veins carry arterial blood.

Then from the left atrium the blood enters the left ventricle, and from it into the aorta - the beginning of the great circle. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients through the arteries to the tissues; as it approaches the periphery, the diameter of the vessels decreases and gas exchange and release of nutrients occur at the capillary level. After these processes, the blood becomes venous and is directed through the veins to the heart. Two vena cava flow into the right atrium - superior and inferior. And the big circle ends.

The heart has about 60–80 such cycles per minute, with a volume of about 5–6 liters. During its entire life, it carries about 6 million liters of blood. This is a colossal work performed every second to ensure the normal life of the body.



Conducting system



Conduction system of the heart

The conduction system is responsible for the correct and consistent contraction of the myocardium by transmitting excitation along muscle fibers. It consists of a complex of formations consisting of atypical muscle cells capable of automaticity, conduction and excitation. Includes the following entities:

• Sinus node (Kisa-Flaca) - it is located in the right atrium at the mouth of the vena cava, and is the main pacemaker of the human heart. It consists of specialized muscle cells (Pacemakers) capable of generating impulses at a frequency of 60–80 per minute.
• Three internodal tracts and one interatrial tract arise from the sinus node (SU). The first ones transmit the impulse from the suture block to the atrioventricular one, and the second one ensures its conduction to the left atrium.
• Atrioventricular node (AVN) - its task is to transmit excitation to the ventricles, but it does not do this immediately, but after such a phenomenon as atrioventricular delay. It is necessary so that the atria and ventricles do not contract at the same time, since the latter simply will not have anything to pump into the vessels.
• The Hiss bundles are divided into right and left according to their location in the heart. The first innervates the right ventricle, and the left is divided into two branches - anterior and posterior and is responsible for excitation of the left ventricle.
• The latest and greatest small elements The conduction system is Purkinje fibers - they are diffusely separated in the thickness of the myocardium and directly transmit the impulse to the muscle fiber.

The existence of such a clear sequence ensures normal cardiac cycle and blood supply to tissues.

Blood supply to the myocardium



Coronary arteries

The heart is an organ like others, and it also needs blood, the myocardium does not feed on blood from the cavities of the heart, for this there is a separate circulatory system, which some authors even call the third circle of blood circulation. At the beginning of the aorta, two coronary (coronary) arteries branch off to the heart: the right and left. They divide dichotomously and give off smaller branches to the myocardium. The left coronary artery supplies the anterior wall of the heart, the interventricular septum and the apex, while the right one supplies the posterolateral part of the myocardium. The outflow of blood occurs through the capillaries and then through the coronary veins to the right atrium.

A feature of the coronary circulation is that the arteries fill at the moment the myocardium relaxes, so during diastole the heart not only “rests”, but also nourishes. Disturbances in the blood flow of the heart lead to diseases such as coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.

Work of the heart

The cardiac cycle (CC) is the successive phases of systole (contraction), diastole (relaxation) and the subsequent general pause. During diastole, the heart fills with blood, first the atria and then the ventricles. After which myocardial contraction occurs, and the chambers are freed of blood. On average, the duration of atrial systole is from 0.1 to 0.17 seconds, and ventricular systole is 0.33–0.47 seconds.



Phases of the cardiac cycle

The ventricles account for more hard work, since they must push blood into vessels of smaller diameter and with such force that it reaches the periphery. Therefore, the muscle wall in them is much thicker.

The duration of the cardiac cycle depends on the number of heartbeats. So at rest it will be larger, but at physical activity less. On average, one SP lasts 0.8 seconds if the heart rate is 75 beats per minute.

Schematically, this process can be described as follows: from the superior and inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins, blood enters the atria, where pressure begins to increase and the myocardium stretches. Under the influence of these factors, atrial systole occurs. Next, the blood enters the ventricles and, according to the same principle, is pushed into the pulmonary trunk and aorta.

When the ventricles contract, the atrium is in diastole, and vice versa. But there is also certain time, in which both the ventricles and atria are simultaneously in the relaxation phase, and then in a general pause.

Anatomy and physiology of the heart: structure, functions, hemodynamics, cardiac cycle, morphology

The structure of the heart of any organism has many characteristic nuances. In the process of phylogenesis, that is, the evolution of living organisms to more complex ones, the heart of birds, animals and humans acquires four chambers instead of two chambers in fish and three chambers in amphibians. Such a complex structure the best way adapted to separate arterial and venous blood flows. In addition, the anatomy of the human heart involves many the smallest details, each of which performs its strictly defined functions.

Heart as an organ

So, the heart is nothing more than a hollow organ consisting of specific muscle tissue, which carries out the motor function. The heart is located in the chest behind the sternum, more to the left, and its longitudinal axis is directed anteriorly, to the left and down. In front, the heart borders on the lungs, almost completely covering them, leaving only a small part directly adjacent to the chest from the inside. The boundaries of this part are otherwise called absolute cardiac dullness, and they can be determined by tapping the chest wall ().

In people with a normal constitution, the heart has a semi-horizontal position in the chest cavity, in people with an asthenic constitution (thin and tall) it is almost vertical, and in hypersthenics (dense, stocky, with a large muscle mass) – almost horizontal.

heart position

The posterior wall of the heart is adjacent to the esophagus and to the large main vessels (thoracic aorta, inferior vena cava). The lower part of the heart is located on the diaphragm.

external structure of the heart

Age characteristics

The human heart begins to form in the third week of the intrauterine period and continues throughout the entire period of gestation, passing through stages from a single-chamber cavity to a four-chamber heart.

development of the heart in utero

The formation of four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) occurs already in the first two months of pregnancy. The smallest structures are fully formed by birth. It is in the first two months that the embryonic heart is most vulnerable to negative influence some factors on the expectant mother.

The fetal heart participates in the blood flow throughout its body, but differs in the circles of blood circulation - the fetus does not yet have its own breathing with lungs, and it “breathes” through placental blood. There are some openings in the fetal heart that allow pulmonary blood flow to be “switched off” from the circulation before birth. During childbirth, accompanied by the first cry of the newborn, and, consequently, at the moment of increased intrathoracic pressure and pressure in the baby's heart, these openings close. But this does not always happen, and the child may still have them, for example (not to be confused with a defect such as atrial septal defect). Open window is not a heart defect, and subsequently, as the child grows, it heals.

hemodynamics in the heart before and after birth

The heart of a newborn baby has a round shape, and its dimensions are 3-4 cm in length and 3-3.5 cm in width. In the first year of a child's life, the heart increases significantly in size, more in length than in width. The weight of a newborn baby's heart is about 25-30 grams.

As the baby grows and develops, the heart also grows, sometimes significantly ahead of the development of the body itself according to age. By the age of 15, the mass of the heart increases almost tenfold, and its volume increases more than fivefold. The heart grows most rapidly until the age of five, and then during puberty.

In an adult, the size of the heart is about 11-14 cm in length and 8-10 cm in width. Many people rightly believe that the size of each person’s heart corresponds to the size of his clenched fist. The weight of the heart in women is about 200 grams, and in men it is about 300-350 grams.

After age 25, changes begin in the connective tissue of the heart, which forms the heart valves. Their elasticity is no longer the same as in childhood and adolescence, and the edges may become uneven. As a person grows and then ages, changes occur in all structures of the heart, as well as in the vessels that feed it (the coronary arteries). These changes can lead to the development of numerous cardiac diseases.

Anatomical and functional features of the heart

Anatomically, the heart is an organ divided into four chambers by septa and valves. The “upper” two are called atria (atrium), and the “lower” two are called ventricles (ventriculum). Between the right and left atria is the interatrial septum, and between the ventricles is the interventricular septum. Normally, these septa do not have holes in them. If there are holes, this leads to mixing of arterial and venous blood, and, accordingly, to hypoxia of many organs and tissues. Such holes are called septal defects and are classified as.

basic structure of the chambers of the heart

The boundaries between the upper and lower chambers are the atrioventricular openings - the left one, covered by the mitral valve leaflets, and the right one, covered by the tricuspid valve leaflets. The integrity of the septa and the proper operation of the valve leaflets prevent the mixing of blood flows in the heart and promote clear unidirectional blood flow.

The atria and ventricles are different - the atria are smaller than the ventricles and have thinner walls. Thus, the wall of the atria is about only three millimeters, the wall of the right ventricle is about 0.5 cm, and the wall of the left is about 1.5 cm.

The atria have small projections called ears. They have a slight suction function for better pumping of blood into the atrium cavity. The mouth of the vena cava flows into the right atrium near its appendage, and four (less often five) pulmonary veins flow into the left atrium. The pulmonary artery (more often called the pulmonary trunk) on the right and the aortic bulb on the left depart from the ventricles.

structure of the heart and its vessels

From the inside, the upper and lower chambers of the heart are also different and have their own characteristics. The surface of the atria is smoother than the ventricles. Thin connective tissue valves originate from the valve ring between the atrium and the ventricle - bicuspid (mitral) on the left and tricuspid (tricuspid) on the right. The other edge of the valves faces the inside of the ventricles. But so that they do not hang freely, they are supported, as it were, by thin tendon threads called chords. They are like springs, stretch when the valve flaps close and compress when the valve flaps open. The chordae originate from the papillary muscles from the wall of the ventricles - three in the right and two in the left ventricle. That is why the ventricular cavity has an uneven and lumpy inner surface.

The functions of the atria and ventricles also differ. Due to the fact that the atria need to push blood into the ventricles, and not into larger and longer vessels, they have to overcome less resistance from muscle tissue, therefore the atria are smaller in size and their walls are thinner than those of the ventricles. The ventricles push blood into the aorta (left) and the pulmonary artery (right). Conventionally, the heart is divided into right and left halves. The right half serves for the flow of exclusively venous blood, and the left half for arterial blood. Schematically, the “right heart” is indicated in blue, and the “left heart” is indicated in red. Normally, these flows never mix.

hemodynamics in the heart

One cardiac cycle lasts about 1 second and is carried out as follows. At the moment the atria are filled with blood, their walls relax - atrial diastole occurs. The valves of the vena cava and pulmonary veins are open. The tricuspid and mitral valves are closed. Then the atrial walls tense and push blood into the ventricles, the tricuspid and mitral valves are open. At this moment, systole (contraction) of the atria and diastole (relaxation) of the ventricles occur. After the ventricles receive blood, the tricuspid and mitral valves close, and the aortic and pulmonary valves open. Next, the ventricles contract (ventricular systole), and the atria fill with blood again. The general diastole of the heart begins.

cardiac cycle

The main function of the heart is reduced to pumping, that is, to pushing a certain blood volume into the aorta with such pressure and speed that the blood is delivered to the most distant organs and to the smallest cells of the body. Moreover, arterial blood with a high content of oxygen and nutrients is pushed into the aorta, entering the left half of the heart from the vessels of the lungs (flows to the heart through the pulmonary veins).

Venous blood, low in oxygen and other substances, is collected from all cells and organs from the venous cava system, and flows into the right half of the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava. Next, venous blood is pushed from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery, and then into the pulmonary vessels in order to carry out gas exchange in the alveoli of the lungs and to enrich it with oxygen. In the lungs, arterial blood collects in the pulmonary venules and veins, and again flows into the left side of the heart (the left atrium). And so the heart regularly pumps blood throughout the body at a frequency of 60-80 beats per minute. These processes are designated by the concept "Circles of Blood Circulation". There are two of them - small and large:

• Small circle includes the flow of venous blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle - then into the pulmonary artery - then into the arteries of the lungs - oxygenation of blood in the pulmonary alveoli - flow of arterial blood into the smallest veins of the lungs - into the pulmonary veins - into the left atrium.
• Big circle includes the flow of arterial blood from the left atrium through the mitral valve into the left ventricle - through the aorta into the arterial bed of all organs - after gas exchange in tissues and organs, the blood becomes venous (with a high content of carbon dioxide instead of oxygen) - then into the venous bed of organs - into the hollow system veins - into the right atrium.

circulation circles

Video: cardiac anatomy and cardiac cycle briefly

Morphological features of the heart

In order for the heart muscle fibers to contract synchronously, electrical signals must be supplied to them, which excite the fibers. This is another ability of the heart – .

Conduction and contractility are possible due to the fact that the heart autonomously generates electricity. Function data (automatism and excitability) are provided by special fibers that are integral part conducting system. The latter is represented by electrically active cells of the sinus node, atrioventricular node, the bundle of His (with two legs - right and left), as well as Purkinje fibers. In the case when a patient’s myocardial damage affects these fibers, they develop, otherwise called.

cardiac cycle

Normally, the electrical impulse originates in the cells of the sinus node, which is located in the area of ​​the right atrium appendage. In a short period of time (about half a millisecond), the impulse spreads throughout the atrial myocardium and then enters the cells of the atrioventricular junction. Typically, signals are transmitted to the AV node through three main tracts - the Wenkenbach, Thorel and Bachmann bundles. In the cells of the AV node, the impulse transmission time is extended to 20-80 milliseconds, and then the impulses travel through the right and left branches (as well as the anterior and posterior branches of the left branch) of the His bundle to the Purkinje fibers, and ultimately to the working myocardium. The frequency of impulse transmission along all pathways is equal to the heart rate and is 55-80 impulses per minute.

So, the myocardium, or cardiac muscle, is the middle layer in the wall of the heart. The inner and outer membranes are connective tissue and are called endocardium and epicardium. The last layer is part of the pericardial sac, or cardiac “shirt”. Between the inner layer of the pericardium and the epicardium, a cavity is formed, filled with a very small amount of fluid, to ensure better sliding of the pericardial layers during heart contractions. Normally, the fluid volume is up to 50 ml; exceeding this volume may indicate pericarditis.

structure of the heart wall and membrane

Blood supply and innervation of the heart

Despite the fact that the heart is a pump to supply the entire body with oxygen and nutrients, it itself also needs arterial blood. In this regard, the entire wall of the heart has a well-developed arterial network, which is represented by the branching of the coronary (coronary) arteries. The orifices of the right and left coronary arteries depart from the root of the aorta and are divided into branches that penetrate the thickness of the heart wall. If these important arteries become clogged with blood clots and atherosclerotic plaques, the patient will develop and the organ will no longer be able to perform its functions fully.

location of the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle (myocardium)

The frequency and force with which the heart beats is influenced by nerve fibers extending from the most important nerve conductors - the vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk. The first fibers have the ability to slow down the rhythm frequency, the latter - to increase the frequency and strength of the heartbeat, that is, they act like adrenaline.

innervation of the heart

In conclusion, it should be noted that the anatomy of the heart may have any deviations in individual patients, therefore, only a doctor can determine the norm or pathology in a person after conducting an examination that can most informatively visualize the cardiovascular system.

Video: lecture on cardiac anatomy

The heart means a lot to a person. A real heart is the basis of our body, and valentines or simple drawn hearts help us express our feelings. This is a manifestation of warmth, love and tender feelings to a person. Below we will give a few simple tips how to draw a heart. There are several drawing options, you can use them or come up with your own.

Simplified version

Before you draw a heart with a pencil (or rather, start), prepare all the tools (paper, eraser, pencils). Place a piece of paper in front of you. First you need to think through the details if you want to add something to the heart. Make sure that all parts of the drawing fit on the sheet. It is better to draw all the main elements schematically (in squares, circles). Now take a pencil and get started. There are three options for how to draw a Valentine heart

First way

Place a dot in the center of the sheet, it will be the base of the heart. Draw a semicircular line, directing it first up to the right and then down. The end point of the arc should be under the base point. You should end up with something that looks like a question mark. Repeat the steps on the left half of the sheet. The lines should converge at one point.

Second way

Draw upside down isosceles triangle(the base should be at the top). Draw a bisector from the bottom vertex. Then “write” half a heart into each of the resulting triangles. Use an eraser to remove unnecessary lines.

Third way

Draw two intersecting circles (you can use stencils) and draw a heart based on them. If it turns out to be asymmetrical, then fold a sheet of paper in half and draw one half at the fold line, then cut it out. Now you know how to draw beautiful heart in its simplified version. When you have the base ready, you can use your imagination: pierce the heart with arrows, thorns, draw roses or wings around it. You can color it or outline it with a marker, leaving it in black and white. Do not overload the drawing with many unnecessary details.

How to draw a human heart

You will also need tools, prepare yourself a space. It is better to use a vertically oriented sheet. In this matter, you need to thoroughly study the anatomy of the human heart. You can copy it from a textbook or medical reference book.

Brief description of the process:

You need to draw an oval that tapers downwards. It should be slightly tilted. Then draw the right atrium. An important part of the heart is the aorta, don’t forget about it. This is a large “tube” that will be located at the top of the picture, with three more vessels coming out of it. Add the veins, don't forget the left atrium. Also trace the drawing and color it if desired. Don't forget to erase extra lines.

Conclusion

Now you know several ways to draw a heart. If you don't get the drawing, don't give up. When everything starts to work out for you, you can please your loved one with a beautiful handmade valentine.

When there is eternal spring in the soul, there is no way to contain the high spirits: it is bursting from the chest to splash out with sweet creativity. How to draw, or better yet, both together? Take a simple pencil Blank sheet paper - now you will find out everything.

Lesson #1: How to draw a heart with a pencil

We will draw a heart of roses. Draw a regular circle and divide it in half with a line. Right on horizontal line draw an uneven oval, similar to a deflated balloon. Attach a couple of curves to it at the top and bottom, like the red lines shown in the example figure.

In the lesson explaining how to draw a heart, first of all, pay attention to the red lines of the sample - these are new fragments that need to be repeated on your version of the original heart.

Draw some kind of snail in the very center of the future masterpiece. First, simply divide the uneven oval almost in half with a convex curved line. Add a few strokes: in the form of the letter “P” and from its top regular line, limited by the same oval. Don't forget to add one more stroke, very small, in the upper petal. This inverted “comma” will add volume to the drawing.

A very easy step creative process entitled "How to Draw a Heart": draw two symmetrical petals, top part which he seems to repeat invisible lines heart.

All that's left is to add three petals at the bottom of the heart. If you didn't skip math classes at school, then you know how to draw curly braces. This acquired skill will help you easily cope with the task: a couple of curves on the left and right and another, final one, with an “arrow” down the center. By the way, if you look closely at the sample, you will see that the last petal you drew will be boring without a small detail - a convex stroke that adds volume.

Erase all auxiliary, erroneous and unnecessary lines. Lesson “How to draw a heart” is completed!

Lesson #2: Heart surrounded by roses

Let’s complicate the task: let’s draw in a scarlet round dance:

Draw arbitrary contour hearts, for example, like this:

Make the first sketches of three buds at once, distributing them evenly. Start with curls, work from there lateral lines according to the example:

Each flower has its own individual uniform, which appears thanks to simple curved lines. Take a closer look and repeat them in your drawing, there is nothing complicated about it:

Let's complete the drawing of the roses by adding three or four graceful outlines to each bud.

Many of us took up a pen or pencil not only to pass homework in drawing at school. Sometimes, for one reason or another, an inexplicable urge to draw appears in the life of a teenager or an adult. How I want to pick up a pencil and simply start creating small masterpieces, even if only for myself or for a close circle of people without pretensions to global recognition and glory. It may seem that those performing simple pencil movements in the video or in front of you are putting in little to no effort, but in reality this is not the case. Professionalism in drawing, as in any other craft, comes only with experience. Even in the simplest drawings you can highlight subtleties and details that you had never even thought about before. Now we will look at one of the most simple drawings- heart. Remember school years or those moments when we all drew it to each other. This time we will learn how to draw a regular heart, with an arrow or wings. Also recommends subscribing. This way you will see new materials first.

Simple ways

And so, let's figure out how to beautifully draw a heart with a pencil step by step for beginners. All we need is a sheet of paper, a simple pencil, and, of course, due perseverance in this endeavor. To make the heart cute, you need to make it symmetrical, and to do this, do a couple of simple steps:

Draw two identical circles on a piece of paper in the same horizontal plane so that both circles intersect slightly. Let’s immediately say that the upper halves of the circles will help create beautiful symmetrical edges of the heart. Accordingly, those parts that make up the main drawing can be drawn boldly, and those that need to be removed can be made weaker. It is advisable to draw circles by hand, it’s okay if at first the circle doesn’t turn out very round, this will improve with practice. But if you are not initially satisfied with the quality of the circles, you can resort to auxiliary means.

The next figure in the figure is a cross. The vertical line of the cross should pass along the intersection of the circles; to form it, it is enough to draw a line through two points at which the circles from the first point intersected. It doesn’t make sense to raise the vertical line high in length; its lower part is more useful for the drawing, so don’t skimp and lower it down. In order to understand how low you should go, ask yourself: how to draw a heart beautifully, what proportions in height will be optimal for you so that the drawing turns out beautiful. The horizontal line is drawn perpendicular to the vertical in the middle of both circles.


From extreme points At the intersection of the circles with a horizontal line, lower two smooth symmetrical lines to the bottom point of the heart. You should determine the position of this lowest point yourself, because because of this
parameter the heart will turn out to be more elongated or more flattened.


Point thick line semicircles of each circle upward from the horizontal line and to the first intersection point.

At this stage, drawing the heart is complete. All that remains is to remove the extra lines used in the construction and create the resulting drawing.

The perfect heart in terms of symmetry and shape is already in front of you. Of course it's not the only way, allowing you to draw a heart.

An easier option for advanced artists

If the previous version seemed boring and unattractive to you due to the presence of a large number of additional constructions, if you need to complete the drawing much faster and there is no way to build circles, if you feel you have sufficient level and skills, we bring to your attention the second method of how to draw a heart pencil step by step. But let’s make a reservation right away: you must be good at drawing symmetrical circles, otherwise the heart will turn out to be asymmetrical.

1. Divide the sheet into four parts with two perpendicular lines, in other words, draw the same cross.
2. Mark on vertical line the position of the upper and lower points of the heart, and on the horizontal the same segment to the left and right of the intersection point.
3. Connect the top point with a smooth semicircular line to the leftmost point on the horizontal axis and the same smooth semicircular line with the right point.
4. From the extreme left and right points, lower two smooth symmetrical lines to the bottom edge.

For more experienced artists

The next method of depicting a heart is even simpler; it will help to depict a heart in just a couple of steps and with the effect of rotation around its axis. But this method is only suitable for experienced specialists who can easily draw symmetrical semicircular lines by hand, without using additional constructions.

• draw the most ordinary oval, the edges of which are elongated in a horizontal plane.
• divide the oval with a line in the middle; if the heart should turn out at an angle, the line should be curved in the desired direction. This frame will show you how to draw a heart step by step and quickly.
• select a point just below top point oval on a vertical line and, starting from this position, draw two lines on the upper part of the heart. These lines can completely fit into the oval, or they can protrude beyond its limits, it all depends on your wishes and vision perfect shape for drawing.
• repeat the previous point with the bottom of the heart - lower two symmetrical lines to the bottom point.
• add Cupid's arrow.

As a result, we get the following picture:

Let's add details

The drawing can be equipped with additional effects, such as wings, horns, halos, inscriptions, fire and similar additions that give additional effects and allow you to harmoniously include the image in one or another motif of the drawing, depending on your ideas. Today we will look at several options for drawing hearts with wings, as the most romantic version of this image. Wings give the hearts a special romanticism and sublime tones. It should be noted that the position of the wings in relation to the heart determines the nature of what the author wants to convey: raised, spread wings show strong intentions, pure feelings, desire for a loved one. On the contrary, the more the wings go down (and possibly connect downwards), the more this shows the heart’s attempt to close itself off from some external factors and problems, an attempt to hide something under its care and care.

Wings on the heart will tell you a lot

So, let's look at how to draw a heart with wings step by step with a pencil. Such a drawing will require you to first study the topic of how to draw a heart or ready-made template with the image of a heart. So, to begin with, we start from the fact that we already have a ready-made drawing. It is clear that the simplest and most uncomplicated way is to draw the wings by hand without any frames or additional constructions. This method may seem to be the most common of the above, but at the same time the most difficult, since it will require the author to have practical skills in drawing symmetrical lines and curvilinear figures by hand. Several options for depicting wings from the heart should be highlighted. Wings can be depicted from the sides or from the top. The position of the wings themselves in this case does not matter at all; what matters is from which part they grow, so to speak.

Wings with feathers in one row

If you decide to depict wings growing from the top of the heart, then it is better to depict them as small, decorative, this gives a certain sophistication and sophistication when in visual contact with the picture. When depicting wings on the sides of the heart, excellent option there will be wings spread to the sides. We do the following:

Chic wings with feathers in several rows

If you want to get a heart effect with huge wings, a span reminiscent of a flying eagle, then it is better to use a multi-level version of the wings rather than a single-level one. The more rows of feathers there are on the wings, the more spectacular the design will seem and the nobler the impulse of the heart itself, as if an eagle’s wings are carrying it towards its lover. So, let's figure out step by step how to draw a heart with wings with a pencil, depicting a rich pattern of feathers or other additional effects on the wings.

As in previous cases, we begin the drawing with the most ordinary frame of the future heart. He can be portrayed as different ways, but it is better to choose one of the above.
To the frame of the heart itself or its finished drawing we add the frame of future wings. There is no need to skimp on space here; the span and size of the wings themselves should be truly royal. Don’t skimp on space; it’s better to draw a smaller heart. Form the frame with several levels at once: the smallest is closest to the heart, the largest is the farthest.








Then start drawing each feather, starting with the smallest at the base and ending with the longest and largest at the edges. In principle, you can start applying layers, gradually depicting each row of feathers separately, superimposing the next one on top of it without a frame. Repeat the steps described with the second wing.