Simple geometric shapes. Simple geometric shapes How to draw a large circle without a compass

Any line, any stroke must express a certain form in the drawing. Thanks to strokes, lines are drawn, which, in turn, create various figures. Flat shapes have a rectilinear surface characterized by only two dimensions - length and width.

Square

A square is a regular polygon whose four sides are equal and all four angles are right. Drawing a square on a small piece of paper with a pencil is not difficult, you just need to have a steady and confident hand. It is much more difficult to gain confidence when drawing a square in a large drawing. In such a case, charcoal is considered the most suitable drawing tool. Having calculated the size of the square, you should draw one of its vertical sides. Now from the top point of this straight line you need to draw a line perpendicular to it of exactly the same length. From the right point of this second line, draw a line perpendicular to it and parallel to the first. And finally, you need to combine the extreme points of two parallel lines.

The diagram below shows two squares, one larger (external), the other smaller (internal). Eight reference points are located on the symmetry axes of the large square. The vertices of the small square are located at a distance of two-thirds of the diagonals of the large square from its center. The vertices of a small square are united by smooth arcs, thereby forming a circle.

1. In order to draw a square, you need to know the length of its side.

2. From the top point of the vertical straight line, draw a line perpendicular to the first and equal in length to it.

3. Repeat the same action, finding the other top point of the square.

4. Finish creating the square by connecting parallel lines.

Rectangle

A rectangle is a regular polygon whose opposite sides are equal and all angles are right angles. When creating a rectangle, you need to perform the same steps as when depicting a square, but taking into account the difference in aspect ratio.

Circle

When creating a drawing, an indispensable tool, without a doubt, is a compass. In drawing, it is extremely important to learn how to draw without it. Until the skill of drawing a circle of the correct shape by hand has been formed, it is permissible to use some available means, for example, patterns or, as an improvised compass, even an ordinary cord. To achieve the goal, you can also mark reference points on two concentric squares.

How to draw a circle by hand

In order to learn how to draw a circle by hand, you should start practicing by creating small circles with a radius of about 5 cm. As a rule, at first the figures turn out to be somewhat oval in shape, then, as you gain practical experience, the circles take on the correct shape. To draw larger circles, it is advisable to mark reference points on two concentric squares or use a string to make the task easier.

It is not recommended to use a compass when creating drawings.

Practical advice: how to draw a circle using a cord

To develop the skill of creating the correct large circle, it is useful to use a cord.

With one hand, hold the tip of the cord at the point that will become the center of the circle. In your other hand, hold a piece of chalk and the other end of the cord at a distance that is equal to the radius of the circle.

2. Start drawing an arc from the point that will allow you to make the widest possible movement with the chalk.

3. To complete the circle, pass the hand holding the chalk under the hand holding the cord. At the same time, point your hand with the chalk in the opposite direction.

4. Make sure that the cord is kept at the same distance from the center of the circle, ensure that the beginning of the second semicircle is accurately connected to the end of the first.

The circle is also drawn using patterns. The simplest pattern can be the top of the glass.

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You can build an oval in two ways, depending on the initially specified parameters.

Method 2: when only the width of the oval is specified.

1 way to build an oval

You can download video lesson No. 1 with the author’s explanations: here.

The construction of an oval along two specified axes of symmetry (major and minor) is performed in the following sequence:

1. Draw two axes of symmetry intersecting at right angles.
2. On the vertical axis we plot the given size of the width of the oval CD(half size up and down from point ABOUT). On the horizontal axis we plot the length of the oval in the same way AB.

3. Connect the points with a straight line WITH And IN.

4. From the center ABOUT connect the horizontal and vertical axis with a radius OB(we mark a point e)
5. From point C we draw an arc of radius Xie to the intersection with the inclined line NE(we mark a point f).

6. Area between points f And B We divide the inclined straight line into two equal parts. To do this from the point f draw an arc with radius fB, then from point IN draw an arc of the same radius until it intersects with the arc constructed earlier.

7. Connect the intersection points of the arcs. This line will be perpendicular to the segment fB and will divide it in half. We mark the points of intersection of the constructed line with the horizontal and vertical axes of symmetry ( l And k).

8.

Building a point m symmetrical point l.

9. Building a point n symmetrical point k.

10. From a point k draw a straight line through a point m. From the point n draw straight lines through points m And l.
11. Radius equal to distance kC from point k draw an arc connecting inclined lines emanating from the point k. With the same radius from the point n, as if from the center, draw an arc connecting the inclined lines emanating from the point n.
12. From dots m And l, as if from the centers, we draw arcs with a radius mA and close the previously drawn arcs with them.

2 way to build an oval

The construction of an oval according to a given size of the larger axis of the oval is performed in the following sequence:

Axis AB divide into three equal parts ( JSC 1,O 1 O 2 , O 2 V).

2.

Radius equal to distance O 1 O 2, from division points O 1 And O 2 draw circles. We denote the intersection points of the circles as m And n.

3. Connecting the dots m And n with dots O 1 And O 2 we obtain straight lines, which we extend until they intersect with the circles. Received points ( 1,2,3 And 4 ) are the conjugation points of the arcs.

4. From dots m And n, as from centers, radius Rmax, equal n 2 And m 3, draw the upper arc 1 2 and lower arc 3 4 .

At this point, the construction of the oval can be considered completed.

How to draw a circle without a compass

Knowing how to create a circle is not a life skill. And yet, sometimes you need to know how to draw a circle when you don’t have a compass or some kind of round object at hand.

An even circle - what to do if there is no compass

It is useful for everyone to know how to draw a circle without a compass. Usually this item is not at hand. A student who has left the necessary drawing tools at home and has a scheduled lesson may find himself in this situation. Or an adult who, for some reason, urgently needs to draw an even circle. What to do in these situations? For example, schoolchildren can replace a missing accessory with a protractor, which is often found in a pencil case. Just attach it to a piece of paper, find the center on the straight part and put a dot. This place is considered the center of the circle. Then you need to trace a semicircle along the inside, rotate the protractor 90° and carefully draw another third of the circle. After this, repeat the rotation of the tool again and finish drawing the rest of the figure.

If you have not been a student for a long time, which means you do not have a pencil case with drawing tools at hand, then you can correct the situation with the help of a CD. It makes it easy to create a shape both small (if you trace the inside of the disk) and large (if you trace the outer part of the disk). For office workers in a similar situation, a glass used for water will help. Just place it on paper and draw along the bottom contour with a pencil. Thus, we are convinced that it is possible to draw a circle without a compass, using improvised objects for this.

Ways to draw circles without using additional objects

How to draw a circle if you don’t have drawing tools and other auxiliary things at hand? Everything is not as complicated as it seems at first glance. Place and fix one hand on the paper, while making sure that the little finger is the center of the planned circle. With your other hand, twist the sheet and see that you get an even circle. Draw a pencil along the resulting contour. To draw a circle with a larger diameter, you need to bend your little finger, as if you are trying to clench a fist. Next, the procedure is repeated, as with a smaller circle, twist the sheet and draw the boundaries of the circle. If you need to create an even larger circle, then position your hand so that it touches the wrist bone to the sheet. It is recommended to use soft pencils for drawing circles.

These methods are considered easy and simple. They help out when you don't have a compass at hand. The main thing is to be able to hold your hand straight and so that it does not move.

Draw a circle using a ruler

For those who have a ruler at hand, the following method of creating a circle will be useful. You need to attach a ruler to a sheet of paper; at this point there will be the center of the circle. Place another mark next to the number indicating the radius. Then you need to place the third point; to do this, slightly move the edge of the drawing tool, but so that the 0th mark remains in place, and place a notch above the second mark.

Repeat these steps until you end up with a circle. It will consist of dotted lines. The more small lines there are, the easier it is to draw a straight line. This method is easy, but quite long.

Thanks to the ability to draw a perfectly even circle, you can learn to draw many other objects. For example, you can draw a ball, a ball, the sun, and many other things on a piece of paper. In order for the circle to be even, you need to use a compass, which is one of the most important geometric tools.

Constructing a circle

Before you draw a circle, you need to take the necessary items. To do this you will need a ruler, compass, pencil and notebook. To draw a perfectly even circle, you need to know some of the nuances of its construction. First, you need to mark the center of the circle on paper. The center is the point where the compass needle will be installed. In addition, points located on the boundary of the circle will be equidistant from the center. This distance by which the boundary points are removed from the center of the circle is called the radius.

The radius size is set by the legs of the compass. To build a circle, you can simply move the legs of the tool at any angle, but so that it is convenient to draw. If a specific radius is specified, then you need to place the leg with the needle on the zero mark of the ruler, and the second leg on the required number.

Before you can draw a perfect circle, you need to understand how to use a compass. To do this, place the needle in the center of the circle, and grab the top of the tool with your thumb and forefinger. Under no circumstances should you grasp the legs, since when the compass rotates, you can move them, which will lead to a change in the figure. After this, you need to carefully rotate the compass until the boundaries are closed. These boundaries left by the compass lead will be the contours of the circle. You can shade the entire area inside the circle with a pencil to create a circle.

Constructing a circle without a compass

Many novice artists are tormented by the problem of how to draw a circle without a compass using auxiliary objects. There's really nothing complicated about it. To do this, you need to arm yourself with a ruler, a pencil and your own eye.

First you need to draw the coordinate axes to get the center of the circle. The center of the circle will be located at the point of intersection of the axes of symmetry. Now, using a ruler, you need to lay out identical segments from the center of the circle in all directions, which will be the radius of the circle. After this, you need to carefully connect the points with a smooth line to get a circle.

To understand how to draw a circle isometrically, you need to remember that isometric projection creates a slight tilt for all shapes. This is why a circle in isometric projection takes the shape of an oval. To construct such a figure you will need a pencil, a compass, a square and a protractor.

The question is important not only for beginners, but sometimes also for experienced artists. Understanding how to draw a circle correctly in perspective, we can draw a huge number of objects, not just pots and plates.
In general, a short summary: usually we rarely see round objects from the front. For example a plate like this

We see much less often than this.

Therefore, we need to understand how to correctly depict a plate in a perspective horizontal plane. There is a simple diagram for this.

The most important thing is on the left. We see ovals and the horizon line, relative to which we usually draw all objects. At the level of the horizon line, the oval either turns into a line or becomes very narrow. The higher or lower, the rounder the oval becomes, all the lines that are closer to us according to the law of perspective will be thicker, everything further away will be thinner. If the oval is much lower than the level of vision, it can become almost round. This can be seen very clearly by taking a roll of tape, your ideal medium for practicing this skill. We raise the skein to eye level - ideally we will see a rectangle, raise it higher and lower and immediately see clearly all the changes.
In the vertical plane, the story is absolutely the same, only the diagram must be turned 90 degrees.

Thus, all plates and pots become subject to us, we look at the previous picture of the plate, taking into account new knowledge.

You can draw another oval to show the thickness of the plate, the final result depends on your observation skills. The skill of drawing ovals is very well trained in detailed drawing of simple objects; the same roll of tape, for example, works great at first.

There is another common mistake when drawing ovals. Many people draw two arcs instead of an oval. This should not be allowed, even if your oval is very narrow; we always draw roundings in the corners.

Over time, you will become great at finding perspective in almost any object.

Well, after you get tired of circles, you can try drawing squares - the principle is the same. There is indeed a nuance with the vanishing point, but more on that another time.

I hope you no longer have problems with the circle in perspective and your drawings will be correct and accurate. In addition to this post, you can also see

An arbitrary circle or an even circle in Photoshop is drawn according to the same rules as respectively. By and large, you need to use the same groups of tools, but adjusted for the shape of the figure.

Method 1: Ellipse Tool

Using this tool you can draw a circle or circle shape.

Let's start with the vector, that is, from a figure whose dimensions can be changed without loss of quality. To do this, select Ellipse tool, and in the options bar set the setting Shape layer.

Now draw a circle or circle. But first, choose a primary color other than white, otherwise you won’t see what you ended up drawing.

How to draw an even circle

By default, the circle is drawn free-form, that is, you draw nothing more than an oval with arbitrary dimensions. To draw an even circle, select one of the options:

1. hold down the Shift key;
2. On the tool options bar, select the option:

Once again, pay attention to this window with tool parameters. Here you can configure the ability to draw a figure according to specified sizes or proportions. Specify the desired dimensions/proportions in the width and height fields, and then simply click anywhere in the document - Photoshop will immediately display a circle with the specified values.

So, a vector circle or circle has appeared. This will be a solid colored shape layer.

Now, to be able to resize without losing quality, use the Ctrl+T command. When you no longer need a vector shape, you can use it to continue working on the shape using all the capabilities of Photoshop.

Raster shape this is done in exactly the same way, but at the very beginning you need to select another option in the options bar - Fill pixels.

After this, the circle will be created immediately as a raster one. Don't forget for her.

Method 2. Stroke the selected area - ring

Let's turn to another Photoshop tool - Oval area. The action plan is as follows: create a round selected area, and then outline its borders. As a result, we get a ring.

Draw a free-form circle or an even circle (holding the Shift key). You can also specify specified sizes or proportions for the selection in the tool options bar. To do this, from the drop-down list Style select the appropriate option. After this, the width and height fields will become active and you can enter the required numbers there.

Let's say we get a selected area like this:

Now you need to outline its borders. To do this, select the command: Editing - Stroke.

A new window will appear in which you specify the width of the stroke border and its color. There are also interesting settings on how the stroke width will be calculated:

• Inside- this means the frame will lie on the inside of the selected area;
• Centered- this means the frame will be divided equally into the part that runs inside the selection and the part on the outside;
• Outside- this means the frame will go around the dotted line of the selection.

Keep in mind. that the chosen option will affect the final dimensions of the circle (its width and height).

Now that the settings are entered, click OK. All that remains is to remove the dotted selection line - Ctrl+D.

If you notice an error in the text, select it and press Ctrl + Enter. Thank you!