Military sayings in Latin. Winged Latin expressions

It is believed that the Tretyakov Gallery dates back to 1856, when businessman and philanthropist Pavel Tretyakov bought paintings entitled “Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers” and “Temptation,” which became the first works by Russian painters in his collection. Perhaps already at that time he had the idea of ​​​​creating a large art museum of Russian painting in Moscow.

How the Tretyakov Gallery was created

The Tretyakov Gallery gathered with clean slate, and all the paintings that Pavel Mikhailovich chose for her reflected precisely his preferences in creativity. Until 1872, Tretyakov collected all the paintings in his house on Lavrushinsky Lane, but then there was not enough space.

A two-year construction project began on two halls for museum exhibitions, which were attached directly to the residential part of the house. Their construction was completed in 1874, and the museum opened in 1875. In the 80s of the 19th century, the Tretyakov collection increased significantly, so it was decided to build six more halls. But the collection of paintings continued to grow, and in 1885 it was necessary to add seven additional rooms, and in 1892 - six more.

In 1892, the Tretyakov Gallery became the property of the city of Moscow. At that time, Tretyakov’s collection consisted of about 1,300 paintings. But even after transferring the museum to Moscow, Pavel Mikhailovich does not stop taking care of her and continues to purchase paintings as gifts to the museum.

At the end of 1898, Pavel Mikhailovich fell ill and died. However, even after the death of the patron of arts, the Tretyakov Gallery continues to receive new paintings: by the end of the 20s of the 20th century, the collection of paintings amounted to more than 4,000 works. By the end of the 70s, the State Tretyakov Gallery owned more than 55 thousand paintings, and subsequently this figure only grew.

The main building of the museum remained on Lavrushinsky Lane, but with the expansion of the collection in the 20th century, additional buildings had to be built. So the Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val acquired a separate building, where today a collection of works from the last century is housed.

• Job Tretyakov Gallery takes place according to the following regime: permanent exhibitions can be watched from 10 am to 9 pm on Thursday, Friday and Saturday, or until 6 pm on Tuesday, Wednesday and Sunday. The last entry into the halls is an hour before the gallery closes. Monday is a day off. IN holidays It is better to clarify the operating mode further.

Tretyakov Gallery: 5 best paintings

"The Apotheosis of War" (1871)

This painting by Russian artist Vasily Vereshchagin is very famous all over the world. In the picture we see a huge mountain of human skulls, onto which vultures have already flocked. Beaten and yellowed, they lie in the middle of the scorched earth, on which nothing grows, the last trees have dried up. There is not a single cloud in the sky, the sun illuminates everything around, scorching the earth. In the background we can see the same dead, destroyed city.

“Dedicated to all great conquerors - past, present and future” - this inscription, which personifies a desperate protest against violence, can be seen on the frame of the picture. Vereshchagin was one of those artists who can accurately convey on canvas the horror of war, the torment and suffering that it brings.

"Unequal Marriage" (1862)

The theme of the picture was unequal marriage and women's lack of rights - it was touched upon in their time by many Russian writers and poets, for example, Alexander Pushkin, Alexander Ostrovsky, Nikolai Nekrasov. This work is considered the pinnacle of Vasily Pukirev’s creativity. She brought him the title of professor of painting.

The canvas depicts wedding ceremony: the groom is an elderly man dressed in his best suit, and the bride is a very young, beautiful girl. She is tearful and frightened, her left hand with the candle is limply lowered, her gaze is doomedly directed downwards - she does not want to see how the ring will be put on her finger. The groom looks at her condescendingly and with annoyance.

Behind the bride on the left, with his arms crossed over his chest, stands a bearded man, apparently the best man. Unlike all the other guests, he is still young. There is a version that the painting depicts the artist’s friend Sergei Varentsov, whose beloved was married off to a wealthy merchant, 13 years older than her. According to another version, Pukirev portrayed himself in the place of the best man: the artist’s beloved, Praskovya Varentsova, was also married to a rich man much older than her.

"Trinity" (1425)

This icon was painted in the 15th century by Andrei Rublev. The subject of this work is the eighteenth chapter of Genesis. It talks about the appearance of God in the form of three wandering youths to the forefather Abraham and his wife Sarah not far from an oak grove. When painting the icon, Rublev resorted to simplifying the plot, not depicting either Abraham or Sarah, leaving a small tree in the background instead of an oak grove, in fact, leaving only the eternal, which replaces the momentary.

Although the faces of the angels in the icon are similar, of the same type, confirming their consubstantiality, differences can still be found in their images, hinting at which of the Holy Trinity we see before us. Two of them obediently bowed their heads before the angel sitting on the left, in silver and purple robes, who looks at them in a fatherly, royal way (God the Father).

The combination of red, blue and gold in the clothing of the central angel reminds us of how Jesus Christ (God the Son) is depicted in iconography. And finally, the angel on the right in green robes is God the Holy Spirit.

"Unknown" (1883)

This painting is one of the most famous paintings by Ivan Kramskoy. On it we see beautiful girl of oriental appearance, who passes by in a cart. Her rich and elegant outfit, self-confident pose and arrogant expression tell us that this girl is capricious and spoiled.

The unusual, royal appearance of the stranger fascinated Kramskoy’s contemporaries, who were at a loss, trying to understand who she was, this mysterious person. Most agreed that the unknown woman was a figment of the artist’s imagination, and some believed that she was the prototype of Anna Karenina from novel of the same name Leo Tolstoy, or Nastasya Filippovna from “The Idiot” by Fyodor Dostoevsky.

"Ivan the Terrible kills his son" (1885)

Another painting owned by the Tretyakov Gallery. The artist Ilya Repin rarely turned to historical subjects in his painting, but this painting became one of the most famous in the artist’s work.

The work depicts an episode from the history of the 16th century, when Tsar Ivan the Terrible mortally wounded his son Ivan in a fit of anger. On the canvas we see dimly lit sunlight palace chamber, the king sitting on the floor, and the wounded prince dying in his father’s arms. Ivan the Terrible's face is distorted with horror from the realization of his action; We can read all the storm of feelings that gripped the king in his crazy eyes.

This painting is perhaps the most psychologically intense of all Repin’s paintings. The artist said: the idea of ​​using this bloody episode in his work Russian history, came to see him twice. The first time - after the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, and the second time Repin was inspired by a fragment of the Antar suite called "Revenge", which was written by the famous composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.

You can walk through the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery, learn more about its history, and look at the exhibits of the museum’s collection using the following video:

We arrived at the Tretyakov Gallery, having booked a tour in advance. The schoolchildren themselves expressed a desire to get acquainted with the work of Arkhip Kuindzhi. The children were divided into two groups, each of which had their own guide. The first group was very lucky. They were met by a young, cheerful girl, Anna Mikhailovna Benidovskaya, who clearly loved her job. The guide was so positive, she tried very hard to make sure that the schoolchildren liked it, that they learned something new, so that this new thing would remain in their memory. Nobody wanted to leave; the children enjoyed looking at the paintings and paint samples. But the second group was not lucky at all. They were met from the very beginning by a hostile guide, Elena Nikolaevna Egorova, who constantly tried to humiliate them, presenting “the current young generation” as stupid, not ready to perceive information, people from “Silicon Valley”, who do nothing but sit in their gadgets and do nothing. interested. During the excursion, phrases were constantly heard: “With my many years of work experience, I know for sure that you won’t be able to answer correctly...”, “well, if you’re tired, then I won’t show you anything else, and we’ll go to the next room altogether.” we won’t go,” “how do you know?!”, “all the young people tell me that, which, of course, is wrong.” Of course, children whose dignity was constantly humiliated have no desire to participate in the so-called interactive game“Guess what picture...”, there was no. Instead of enjoying art, resentment arose in the children. They began to deliberately lag behind the group. We, adults, were ashamed of such a guide who knew a lot interesting information, but, apparently, she’s already so “burnt out” at her job that it’s time for her to give up work. The excursion for each group cost 5,000 rubles. For Moscow, the amount is probably small, but nevertheless it turned out that money was paid in order to be accused of illiteracy, ignorance and lack of knowledge. Was it worth going on an excursion to the capital for this?! In addition, when the children began to discuss the exhibition among themselves, it turned out that the second group was not shown everything that the first group saw. For example, the composition and samples of paints used to paint the paintings, and a movie about the artist. Schoolchildren from the second group left the gallery with bad mood, dissatisfied and unsatisfied, and at home they shared their feelings with their parents. During further conversations, it turned out that some children from our city encountered a similar attitude in the gallery. It is possible that for the same reason.
We would like to wish the management of the excursion department and the gallery as a whole to pay attention to this extraordinary situation, because, despite the deep knowledge of the guide, such an attitude towards children, and especially guests of the city, is clearly unacceptable!
Potential visitors! When booking a tour, pay attention to the names!

The name “Tretyakov Gallery” is familiar to many people in our country and far beyond its borders. What can you see in the Tretyakov Gallery? Usually when mentioned they immediately remember paintings. However, they are not the only ones represented in the collection. There are also sculptures, graphics, exhibits applied arts, icons, etc. The State Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the largest collections of Russian art.

History of the creation of the Tretyakov Gallery

The founder is Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, a merchant and philanthropist who loved art. The year of creation is considered to be 1856, although he began collecting the first exhibits a little earlier. Pavel Mikhailovich especially singled out works of Peredvizhniki artists. This was a modern direction for those years. In the house of the philanthropist there was a gigantic collection of such paintings, many of which belonged to the brush famous painters. It is not surprising, because he knew many of them personally and maintained friendly relations.

In 1867, Tretyakov made the gallery public, and in 1892 he donated it to Moscow. At the same time, it included the collection of his brother Sergei Mikhailovich, consisting of paintings from Western European schools. In total, the gallery presented:

The official opening took place the following year. The gallery bore the name of both brothers. Since then, the collection has been constantly updated:

• at the time of nationalization in 1918 there were 4,000 works;
• in 1970 - 55,000;
• it has now reached a record 170,000 exhibits.

Where is the Tretyakov Gallery located? In Lavrushinsky Lane, house 10. The Tretyakovs bought this building back in 1851. Even during the life of Pavel Mikhailovich, the area for the gallery expanded. This was due to both an increase in the number of exhibits and the number of visitors. Further museum complex gradually included all new buildings, for example, on Krymsky Val. In 1986–1995, most of it was closed for reconstruction. Only the Tretyakov Gallery building on Krymsky Val continued to operate. Previously, there was a state gallery here, which became part of the complex in 1985. Together with the paintings and the building on Krymsky Val, the museum received modern name. Next year a new building on Kadashevskaya embankment should also be built.

Brief overview of the collection

In the State Tretyakov Gallery you can find great amount samples ancient painting . At the beginning of the last century, the collection included a number of other unique collections. Many masterpieces of the Tretyakov Gallery date back to the 12th–17th centuries. These include more than 50 icons that formed the basis of the gallery under Pavel Mikhailovich.

The most ancient of them were written in the 12th–13th centuries. They were received from the Assumption Cathedral, where they were previously kept among others. For the capital's temple, only the oldest and famous images, for example, “Our Lady of Vladimir” (miraculous). Many works belong to the famous Andrey Rublev.

More late works related to XVIII century, also collected by Pavel Mikhailovich. Although most of exhibits dating back to this period arrived here after it. One of the most famous paintings here is “Portrait of M. I. Lopukhina”, written Vladimir Borovikovsky.

In the gallery you can find works by many famous artists of the XVIII. Among them - Ivan Nikitin, considered the first professional artist trained in Europe. The museum houses his work “Portrait of Count G.I. Golovkin.” It depicts the first of the Russian chancellors.

The 19th century is also represented by a large number outstanding works various artists. At this time, the romantic movement arose, and many works were made in accordance with its rules. Russian painting known for her portraits. This period marks the heyday similar paintings. Among the best of them is “Portrait of A. S. Pushkin”, author - Orest Kiprensky.

The romantic direction is also represented by landscapes, depictions of the life of peasants and others. In the Tretyakov Gallery you can see one of the sensational paintings - “The Appearance of Christ to the People” Alexandra Ivanova. Its name has long been known and is sometimes used in everyday life as a joke. The work also refers to 19th century, first half. It is curious that it took the artist more than 20 years to adequately reflect the moral and spiritual perception of the world. That’s exactly how long it took for the picture to be painted, not in the homeland, but in Italy.

At one time, under Tretyakov, the gallery was called the “house of the Itinerants” and this is no coincidence. Here you can find works by many of them in large quantities. These artists usually dealt with sensitive topics that concern society. Their works belong to the democratic movement in painting. Pavel Mikhailovich maintained close relations with them and sometimes ordered portraits of the “best sons” of the country. This includes, for example, work Vasily Perov"Portrait of F. M. Dostoevsky."

The depiction of landscapes in the second half of the 19th century does not differ in any fixed rules. Many artists have their own approach. In the Tretyakov Gallery you can see “The Rooks Have Arrived”. Painting belonging to the brush Alexey Savrasov, very famous. At the exhibition of the Itinerants, held in 1871, she was called “the soul of the Russian people.”

In the Tretyakov Gallery you can find paintings by “three heroes of Russian painting” - Vasnetsov, Surikov, Repin. For example, the latter’s work “We Didn’t Expect” is known.

At the turn of the 20th century, new trends appeared in works. Young artists are beginning to adhere to the national romantic trend. Associated with him is an interest in ancient Russian monuments, national art. How classic example You can bring the exhibit “The Swan Princess” Mikhail Vrubel.

Since the thirties of the last century, it has been developing socialist realism. The names of Pavel Korin, Yuri Pimenov and other artists of the Tretyakov Gallery are associated with him. From the second half of the century to the present day, an increased desire for creative freedom can be seen in the works. Such works can also be seen in the halls of the museum.

In addition to painting, state gallery Many masterpieces representing other areas of art are presented. For example, mosaic “Dmitry Solunsky”. The Kiev monastery in which it was located was destroyed in the thirties, however, the work was saved.

History of some paintings

Repin's masterpiece

Many of famous works have interesting fate. Thus, Ilya Repin’s masterpiece “Ivan the Terrible Kills His Son” was heavily cut up in 1913. This was done by one of the icon painters who suffered from a mental disorder. Not surprisingly, the picture makes a depressing impression on many. The events seem real. This is one of the signs of true art.

I had to paint the faces again. Although the author himself did this, the new piece was slightly different in color. Subsequently, it was possible to return to its previous state with the help of restorers.

"The Rooks Have Arrived"

Savrasov wrote his masterpiece during one of the most difficult periods of his life. At that moment he lost his daughter (newborn), his wife suffered from illness. Apparently, the mood somehow influenced the expressiveness of the work, because later the author was unable to create anything similar. The artist tried more than once to repeat the painting, but the result did not live up to expectations. It got to the point that he began painting the walls of eateries with copies of the work. As a reward, he received only drink and food.

Portrait of Chekhov

In order to create a portrait of Chekhov, its author, Osip Braz, was specially sent by Tretyakov to France to visit the writer. Despite serious preparation, Chekhov himself was dissatisfied with the work. In his opinion, in the portrait he has such an expression, “as if he snorted horseradish.”

"Three Bears"

Many people know the painting “Morning in pine forest" The common people call it “The Three Bears,” although four animals can be clearly seen on the canvas. The thing is that most people know it from the wrapper of the equally famous Soviet candy. There are actually three animals in the reproduction.

The authorship is usually attributed to Shishkin, although this is not entirely accurate. He painted almost the entire picture, but Savitsky painted the bears. The second signature was removed by Tretyakov, since he considered that the work was made entirely in the style of Shishkin.

"Unequal marriage"

« Unequal marriage"Pukireva is an autobiographical work. It shows the artist's real bride. She married for reasons of profit, but the calculation did not materialize. The age difference is clearly visible on the canvas. Best years the girls passed without joy, and she died in poverty. It is interesting that after the painting was painted, in the same year (1862), marriages with a large age difference were prohibited.

The Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest museums in the world. It contains works from many areas of Russian painting and other types of art. This educational center is interesting to visit not only for experts and connoisseurs, but also for ordinary people.

The Tretyakov Gallery is one of the most famous museums in Russia, and throughout the world. The extensive exhibition covers the period from the eleventh century to today. It is difficult to imagine that the Tretyakov Gallery, whose halls have become a reflection of Russian art from antiquity to the present, began with a private collection.

Home collection

The Tretyakovs purchased the house on Lavrushinsky Lane in 1851. The head of the family, Pavel Mikhailovich, was a successful businessman, but at the same time he was a famous philanthropist who invested in many charity programs. He was a passionate collector, collecting paintings, sculptures, icons and other works of art.

He had a global goal - to create national gallery, and not just a museum. The collection began with ten paintings painted by Dutch masters. Initially, the Tretyakov Gallery, whose halls were open only to family members and guests, was in the house where the Tretyakovs lived. But the collection grew very quickly, and there was not enough space for display. During the owner's lifetime, numerous reconstructions were carried out. And even under Pavel Mikhailovich, townspeople had the opportunity to visit such a cultural institution as the Tretyakov Gallery. The halls expanded, and the exhibition grew constantly. The popularity of the museum is evidenced by the fact that in the first four years its visitors exceeded 30 thousand people.

40 years after the collection was started, he donated it to Moscow. The collection was supplemented by works of art kept by the second brother, Sergei. This is how the “Paul and Sergei Tretyakov Gallery” appeared in Moscow. Another famous philanthropist Morozov handed over masterpieces by Renoir, Van Gogh, and Monet. Despite the transfer to the city, both patrons continued to add to the collection. After the death of the Tretyakovs, the entire house in Lavrushinsky Lane came under the jurisdiction of the city.

New life for the collection

In 1913, I. E. Grabar was appointed trustee and director of the gallery. He was not only talented artist, an architect and art historian, but also an organizer. It was he who carried out the colossal work of systematizing the collection. He distributed the canvases according to historical periods so that visitors have the opportunity to trace the path of development of Russian art. A restoration workshop was also founded under him. At the end of the year, the works hanging in the hall of the Tretyakov Gallery were available for viewing by the general public.

After the revolution, the entire collection was nationalized and transferred to the young republic. The State Tretyakov Gallery was created, the halls of which became accessible to all segments of the population. The collection has expanded significantly through mergers with other museums and the transfer of private collections that were nationalized during the years of Soviet power.

During the war, museum funds were taken to Novosibirsk. The Nazis bombed the capital mercilessly. In 1941, two high-explosive bombs hit the Tretyakov Gallery, causing significant damage. But already at next year The restoration of the museum began, and by 1944 the doors of the gallery, beloved by the residents of the capital, were again opened to the public.

Halls of the Tretyakov Gallery

Since the gallery's founding, the building has been rebuilt many times. New passages and additional rooms were created so that the collection could be presented in all its glory. Today the exhibition is located in 106 halls. Most are located in a building on Lavrushinsky Lane, there are 62 of them. The complex also includes the museum-temple of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Golubkina workshop-museum, the Vasnetsov house-museum and the Korin house-museum. Each room in the Tretyakov Gallery is an opportunity to touch art and see brilliant masterpieces. The collection contains over 150 thousand exhibits, most of which are familiar to everyone from childhood. Reproductions of many paintings were included in school textbooks throughout the country. You can get to know Russia from these paintings. After all, our sea is like forests - like Shishkin's, nature is like Levitan's. Even best portrait Pushkin, known to every schoolchild, is exhibited here.

Hall of Icon Painting

In every corner of the Tretyakov Gallery there are canvases that will take your breath away. But perhaps one of the most mysterious halls is the hall of icon painting. When handing over the collection, Pavel Mikhailovich, along with the paintings, also handed over 62 icons from his collection. Now there are several hundred of them in the museum. Each of them reflects the path of Orthodoxy on Russian soil. Among them are works by Rublev, Theophanes the Greek and other famous icon painters. And in the Tretyakov house church one of the most revered and ancient images is exhibited - Vladimirskaya Mother of God. She is already more than 900 years old.

Exhibition in Lavrushinsky Lane

The building on Lavrushinsky Lane, with the famous Vasnetsovsky facade, houses the bulk of the collection. In 62 halls, divided into 7 zones, chronological order works exhibited the best masters Russia and not only. How large and diverse the Tretyakov Gallery is. A description of the halls would take several volumes printed edition. When going on an excursion, it is better to choose a specific artist or painting to devote most of your time to. Otherwise, your acquaintance with the galleries will be very superficial and incomplete. The names of the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery correspond to the collections exhibited in them.

So, ancient Russian art represented by iconography.

And in the halls of the 18th-19th centuries, paintings by the great masters Levitsky, Rokotov, Ivanov, and Bryullov are exhibited. A special room was built to display Ivanov’s painting “The Appearance of Christ to the People.” And Rokotov became famous for the largest number of portraits of unknown people. It was important for him to capture and convey on canvas the features and character of a person, but at the same time he did not necessarily have to be famous. Among Bryullov’s works, one can note the masterfully executed work “Horsewoman,” where a young girl with amazing grace sits astride a magnificent stallion.

Also captivating is the hall where works by artists of the second half of the 19th century are presented. Here you can dive into Magic world realistic art, where every detail is executed with amazing care. In Repin’s paintings, you can physically feel how the sun is baking on the lawn, how every leaf is swaying in the wind. And Vasnetsov’s “Three Heroes” seem to be protecting the country’s borders from uninvited invaders even today. By the way, here you can also see the works of Vasnetsov Jr.

Surikov’s paintings “Boyaryna Morozova” or “Morning of the Streltsy Execution” convey the emotional intensity of each participant in those events. There is not a single indifferent face or random character here. Everything is described with an authenticity that boggles the imagination.

In the section reflecting painting turn of XIX-XX centuries, works by such geniuses as Serov, Vrubel, as well as representatives of the Union of Russian Artists are presented.

Treasures of Russian art

The Tretyakov Gallery is large and diverse. The halls, paintings, sculptures, graphics will not leave anyone indifferent. A separate part exposition is the “Treasury”, where objects from precious metals and gems. The fine work of the jewelers is mesmerizing.

Graphic arts

A separate room is dedicated to graphic art. All works presented in this technique are very afraid of light; these are fragile creations. Therefore, special lighting, slightly dimmed, was installed to demonstrate them. Exhibited here largest meeting Russian graphics. And also a small, but no less valuable collection of porter miniatures.

Modern Art

The building on the Tretyakov Gallery displays art from Soviet period to this day. Visitors observe with interest how ideology influences the artist.

Halls of masters

The collection includes individual works, but there are also entire collections of paintings by one master. The hall dedicated to the artist in the Tretyakov Gallery contains only his works from different periods. This is the exhibition of Shishkin’s works. But other masters of the brush received a similar honor.

Since its opening, the Tretyakov Gallery has become the richest collection of paintings and art objects. Even the Russian Museum, created at the state level, was inferior in popularity to this private collection.

Art

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The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest art museums Russian visual arts. Today the Tretyakov collection numbers about one hundred thousand items.

With so many exhibits, you can wander through the exhibition for several days, so Localway has prepared a route through the Tretyakov Gallery, passing through the most important halls of the museum. Don't get lost!

The inspection begins from the main entrance, if you stand facing the ticket office, there is a staircase on the left leading to the second floor. The hall numbers are written at the entrance, above the doorway.

Hall 10 is almost entirely dedicated to the painting “The Appearance of the Messiah” by Alexander Andreevich Ivanov (more famous name- “The Appearance of Christ to the People”). The canvas itself occupies an entire wall, the remaining space is filled with sketches and sketches, of which a great many have accumulated over the twenty years of work on the painting. The artist painted “The Appearance of the Messiah” in Italy, then, not without incident, transported the canvas to Russia, and after criticism and non-recognition of the painting in his homeland, he died suddenly. It is interesting that the canvas depicts Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and Ivanov himself, among others.

In room 16, on the right in the direction of travel, there is a touching painting by Vasily Vladimirovich Pukirev “Unequal Marriage”. There are rumors that this painting is autobiographical: Pukirev’s failed bride was married off to a rich prince. The artist immortalized himself in the painting - in the background, a young man with his arms crossed on his chest. True, these versions do not have factual confirmation.

Hall No. 16

On the left in the same room is the canvas “Princess Tarakanova” by Konstantin Dmitrievich Flavitsky. The painting depicts the legendary impostor who tried to pass herself off as the daughter of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. There are many versions of the death of Princess Tarakanova (real name unknown), the official one is death from consumption. However, another one went “to the people” (including thanks to Flavitsky’s work): the adventurer died during a flood in St. Petersburg, in a prison cell in the Peter and Paul Fortress.

Hall No. 16

In the 17th room there is a painting by Vasily Grigorievich Perov “Hunters at a Rest”. The canvas presents a whole plot composition: an older character (on the left) tells some kind of fictional story, which the young hunter (on the right) sincerely believes. The middle-aged man (center) is skeptical about the story and just chuckles.

Experts often draw a parallel between Perov’s painting and Turgenev’s “Notes of a Hunter.”

Hall No. 17

Hall 18 houses the most famous painting Alexey Kondratievich Savrasov “The Rooks have Arrived”, written in Kostroma region. The Church of the Resurrection, depicted in the picture, exists to this day - now the Savrasov Museum is located there.

Unfortunately, despite many wonderful works, the artist remained in the memory of the people as “the author of one picture” and died in poverty. However, it was the “Rooks” that became Starting point for a new genre of landscape school in Russia - lyrical landscape. Subsequently, Savrasov painted several replicas of the painting.

Hall No. 18

In the 19th room there is a painting by Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky “Rainbow”. Surprisingly, the artist, who painted about six thousand canvases during his life, always remained faithful to his chosen genre - marinism. The presented picture is no different in plot from most of Aivazovsky’s works: the canvas depicts a shipwreck in a storm. The difference lies in the colors. Usually using bright shades, for “Rainbow” the artist chose softer tones.

Hall No. 19

In hall 20 there is famous painting Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy “Unknown” (he is often mistakenly called “Stranger”). The painting depicts a regal, chic lady traveling in a carriage. It is interesting that the woman’s identity remained a mystery both to the artist’s contemporaries and art critics.

Kramskoy was one of the founders of the “Itinerants” society - an association of artists who opposed themselves to representatives of academicism in painting and organized traveling exhibitions their works.

Hall No. 20

On the right, in the direction of travel, in room 25 there is a painting by Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin “Morning in pine forest"(sometimes the canvas is mistakenly called "Morning in a Pine Forest"). Despite the fact that now the authorship belongs to one artist, two people worked on the painting: landscape painter Shishkin and genre painter Savitsky. Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky painted the bear cubs, in addition, the very idea of ​​​​creating the painting is sometimes attributed to him. There are several versions of how Savitsky’s signature disappeared from the canvas. According to one of them, your last name with finished work Konstantin Apollonovich removed it himself, thereby renouncing authorship; according to another, the artist’s signature was erased by collector Pavel Tretyakov after purchasing the painting.

Hall No. 25

In room 26 there are three hanging at once fabulous paintings Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov: “Alyonushka”, “Ivan Tsarevich on Gray wolf" and "Bogatyrs". Three heroes - Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich (from left to right in the picture) - are perhaps the most famous heroes Russian epics. In Vasnetsov’s canvas, brave fellows, ready to take on battle at any moment, look out for an enemy on the horizon.

It is interesting that Vasnetsov was not only an artist, but also an architect. For example, the extension to the main entrance hall of the Tretyakov Ball Gallery was designed by him.

Hall No. 26

In the 27th room there is a painting by Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin “The Apotheosis of War”, which belongs to the series of paintings “Barbarians”, written by the artist under the impression of military operations in Turkestan. There are many versions as to why such pyramids of skulls were laid out. According to one legend, Tamerlane heard from the women of Baghdad a story about their unfaithful husbands and ordered each of his soldiers to bring the severed head of the traitors. As a result, several mountains of skulls were formed.

Hall No. 27

Hall 28 houses one of the most famous and important paintings Tretyakov Gallery - “Boyaryna Morozova” by Vasily Ivanovich Surikov. Feodosia Morozova is an associate of Archpriest Avvakum, an adherent of the Old Believers, for which she paid with her life. On the canvas, the noblewoman as a result of a conflict with the tsar - Morozova refused to accept new faith- They are taken through one of the Moscow squares to the place of detention. Theodora raised two fingers as a sign that her faith was not broken.

A year and a half later, Morozova died of starvation in the earthen prison of the monastery.

Hall No. 28

Here, in the 28th room, there is another epic painting by Surikov - “The Morning of the Streltsy Execution”. Streltsy regiments were sentenced to execution as a result of a failed rebellion caused by hardships military service. The painting deliberately does not depict the execution itself, but only people awaiting it. However, there is a legend that initially the sketches of the canvas were also written of archers who had already been executed by hanging, but one day, going into the artist’s studio and seeing the sketch, the maid fainted. Surikov, who did not want to shock the audience, but to convey state of mind sentenced in last minutes their lives, the images of the hanged were removed from the painting.