Routing. Lesson topic: Countries and peoples of the world

Earth is a planet of people

Population of various territories globe It is distinguished by its racial, ethnic (from the Greek “ethnos” - people), linguistic, religious characteristics, which are closely related to the natural features of the territory.
Races of man. Ethnographic scientists distinguish the three largest human races: Caucasoid, Mongoloid and Negroid.
Caucasians are characterized by wavy or straight soft hair, light or dark skin, narrow nose, thin or medium-thick lips. They inhabit mainly Eurasia and North America.
Mongoloids are characterized by straight, coarse dark hair, a yellowish skin tone, a flattened face, and narrow eyes. They inhabit mainly Asia and America. Negroids are characterized by curly black hair, dark brown skin, brown eyes, a wide nose, and thick lips. They inhabit mainly Africa and Oceania.
Mixed races were formed not only in antiquity and the Middle Ages, but also in modern and recent times. Examples of mixed races are the mestizos and mulattoes of America.
There are 3-4 thousand peoples living on Earth. The largest nations of the world: Russians, US Americans, Brazilians, Indians, Chinese, Japanese.
Russians belong to the Caucasian race with all its characteristic external features. The people inhabit Russia and the territories adjacent to it. In addition, Russians live in the USA, Canada, Brazil and other countries.
In the history of the Russian people, the development of free or sparsely populated neighboring lands has constantly taken place, which affected the diversity of everyday characteristics of the population, dialects (dialects), folklore, rituals, and housing.
The basis of Russian national clothing is a men's or women's shirt, sundress, bast shoes, and in winter - felt boots. A traditional Russian dwelling is a log hut with a Russian stove.
Russian folk crafts are world famous: stone-cutting art of the Urals, Vologda lace, lacquer miniatures of Palekh and Fedoskino, metal painting of Zhostov, gold embroidery of Torzhok.
Americans. If such peoples as the Russians, Chinese, and Japanese have a centuries-old history, then the Americans were formed as a people only at the end of the 18th century. at the intersection of all three races, as well as European, Indian and African cultures.
The indigenous people of America are the Indians. This name was given to them in the 15th century. Spanish navigators who mistook the discovered lands for India. The Indians, excellent hunters and fishermen, were characterized by a semi-nomadic lifestyle. Indian dwellings - tipis and wigwams - are adapted for this. Traditional clothing: shirt, leather pants and moccasins.
The 16th century in the history of the United States was marked by the great “migration of peoples”: a stream of European colonists, mainly from England, poured into the country, who began to displace the indigenous inhabitants to less convenient lands. This period is known not only as a time of constant conflicts between aborigines and European settlers, but also as the beginning of the interpenetration of different cultures. For example, the Indians learned from the Europeans how to use horses for farming, and the Europeans learned many food crops, such as corn.
In the XVII-XIX centuries. Black slaves from Africa began to be imported into the United States, mainly to work on the agricultural plantations of the South.
From the mixing of Indians with European settlers, a large mixed race emerged - mestizos, and from mixing with the African population - mulattoes.
There is significant black influence in modern American culture, especially in music and dance. Blues, jazz, country and other musical styles are based on black folklore.
Chinese- the largest nation in the world. He belongs to the Mongoloid race. This people has a long history, culture and traditions. Chinese civilization is one of the most ancient.
The life of the Chinese is quite simple. Traditional food - boiled rice, flatbreads, noodles. However, it is worth noting that the Chinese culinary encyclopedia has 40 volumes.
The traditional home of the Chinese is fanza. The Chinese costume is dominated by the so-called undershirts, both women's and men's clothing differs little from each other.
Traditional crafts - weaving, pottery, weaving, wood carving, stone carving, bone carving, modeling, painted and carved varnish, embroidery. Chinese porcelain is famous.
Indians- the general name of the peoples inhabiting India. Mostly Indians belong to the Caucasian race. Indian culture is one of the oldest in the world. Temples, rock monasteries, richly decorated with sculptures, palaces and mausoleums attract many tourists to India.
The most common type of Indian dwelling is a rectangular house with burnt brick walls, a flat roof and a courtyard. Traditional Indian clothing is saris, sweaters and skirts for women, and pants and shirts for men. Women usually cover their heads with a sari or shawl. Men wear turbans.
Indian crafts are varied. They are skilled masters of carving ivory, horn, wood, making figurines, metal engraving, jewelry, shawls, cotton fabrics, brocade, carpets, and lace.

Peoples of the world
variety of countries
GEOGRAPHY LESSON IN 7TH GRADE.

Checking homework:
1. Population density –
2. The highest density of settlement in the regions is
3. The lowest density of settlement in the regions is
4. Give two examples of ways to adapt to natural
conditions –
5. Urbanization is -
6. Agglomerations are -

Ethnicities.
Every person belongs to some people (ethnic group) -
historically formed group of people who are aware of their
unity and difference from other nations.
Peoples differ in one or many characteristics - language,
way of farming, customs, culture, appearance,
religions, etc. As a rule, every nation lives on
certain territory and speaks the same language. There are
exceptions to the rules. So, gypsies live in different countries of the world, they
do not have a defined territory; until the middle of the 20th century. his
The Jews had no territory. There are different ethnic groups
speakers of the same language, such as Scots
almost completely adopted the English language; Germans,
Austrians and many Swiss speak German.

The number of peoples on Earth is not constant.
The disappearance of some and the emergence of other peoples
in certain areas it is most often associated with
Yami migrations. Peoples mixed, perceived
America - Indians.
languages ​​and customs of other ethnic groups. Chinese and
Indian ethnic groups are several thousand years old.
American, Brazilian and other peoples
America, which emerged as a result
migrations, very young. These peoples make up
descendants of representatives different races(Negroids,
Caucasoids, Mongoloids): European peres
Lenz, African slaves and indigenous people

Languages ​​of the peoples of the world.
According to scientists, the peoples of the Earth speak approximately 3000-6000 languages.
Languages ​​of similar origin are united into groups, and groups - into
language families.
Working with textbook text
The largest language family is ?
The languages ​​of this family are spoken by -? (Fig. 31).
Where did they settle?
Why were their languages ​​different?
Most common language Indo-European family - ?
How many people speak it and from which countries?
How many people in the world speak English and where do they live?

Towards widespread use of the English language in the world,
which is currently spoken by about 500 million people,
led by the colonization of North America and Australia in the 18th-19th centuries.
English-speaking Europeans. In Spanish and Portuguese
languages ​​are spoken not only in Europe, but also in Latin America -
this is the name given to the territories of South and Central America, where
Descendants of Spanish and Portuguese settlers live here. On
Russian is spoken by residents of Russia, many speak Russian
residents of the former republics of the USSR.
The Chinese language spoken by the largest population
world (Chinese more than 1300 million), belongs to the Sino-Tibetan
family. Arabic is a language of the Afroasiatic family spoken by Arabs
(about 300 million), living in different countries of Asia and Africa.

Diversity of countries and their populations.
Issues important to all countries of the world are discussed in the Organization
United Nations (UN), which unites 193 independent
states. There are more than 200 countries on Earth. Their number varies, so
how one state can break up into a number of countries (Soviet
Union, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia) or, conversely, can unite
two states (Germany). Countries vary in size
territory and population (Fig. 32, 33).
Countries have different government structures. In states-
In monarchies, the supreme power belongs to one person -
to the monarch. Currently a monarchical form of government
preserved by 30 states of the world. Most monarchical
states belong to states with a constitutional
monarchy: the power of the monarch is limited, he makes laws
parliament, affairs are handled by the prime minister and government
(such as Great Britain, Spain, Japan). But there are also
absolute monarchies (eg Brunei). Most countries in the world
- republics, the supreme power in these states is chosen
people.

There are countries with one nationality: the majority of residents
belong to the same people speaking the same language.
Among Slavic countries this is, for example, Poland, the Czech Republic. Other
countries are multinational, for example Russia, Ukraine. IN
Some countries have several official languages. In Canada
there are two of them - English and French, and in little Switzerland -
four: German, French, Italian, Swiss
Romansh.
Countries can agree among themselves on cooperation and
create international associations - military (NATO -
North Atlantic Treaty Organization), economic and
political (European Union), trade (WTO - World
trade Organization).

conclusions
Related languages ​​are combined into
language families.
Small peoples of the Earth and their languages
are in danger of extinction.
There are more than 200 large and small on Earth
countries, among which there are republics and
monarchy.

The Earth is a truly unique planet, where many different people with different ethnicity, appearance, nationality, religion and perception of the world are gathered. Continents share territory, but not the population living on them. Nations that have existed side by side for centuries, in most cases peacefully divide the territory, taking over useful knowledge from each other and forming a common cultural heritage.

Each nation is unique in its own way, is the custodian of its culture, passing on national customs and traditions from generation to generation, and brings its own to the creation general culture of all humanity.

Europe

The modern states of Europe were formed on the site of the former Roman Empire, then its possessions included vast lands, starting from the west, where Germanic tribes ruled, to the cities of North Africa. The formation of the ethnic group was also influenced by the wars that took place, when the population of Europe migrated, the borders of countries were again modified due to martial law.

The largest ethno-linguistic community in Europe is the Slavs. The Slavs include: Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats and nine other peoples.

The most numerous peoples living in Europe are Russians (more than 130 million people), Germans (more than 80 million), French (more than 65 million), Italians (more than 59 million), British (58 million), Spaniards (46 million), Ukrainians (more than 45 million) and Poles (more than 44 million). There are also more than two million Jews living in Europe, belonging to several groups. Present and nomadic peoples- Gypsies, numbering over four million people.

Basic religious directions, common among the peoples of Europe are Catholicism, Orthodoxy, Protestantism and Islam.

The cultural component of Europe stands on three “pillars”: personal culture, universalism and freedom of creative expression. This forms the basis of Christian norms; even in those countries where other forms of religion predominate, Christian roots can be traced. Here, the basis for the existence of society is freedom (of self-expression, creativity, worldview) and tolerance towards others, the acceptance of another personality with certain characteristics and views on current reality.

A characteristic feature of the European population was mass culture, implying both mass production and mass consumption. It received full coverage of all areas of activity, from art, music and cinematography to youth subcultural movements.

Asia

Asia is the largest part of the world, forming together with Europe the continent of Eurasia. The majority of Asia's population is made up of the peoples of China and India (about 40% of the total population); the list of the largest countries also includes: Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan and the Philippines. Each of these states has more than 100 million inhabitants.

If we analyze the cultural centers, then Asia can be divided into four conventional parts:

1. Southeast Asia. There is a Buddhist worldview here.
2. Near East. The birthplace of Islamic culture.
3. East Asia. The epicenter of the Confucian worldview is China, which has a huge influence on Japan and Korea.
4. South Asia. India and Hindu culture dominate here.

However, despite such fragmentation, all the peoples of Asia have similar features that can distinguish them from others.

One of these features is a respectful attitude towards traditions and culture; in most countries, they have been holding the same holidays for years, observing established rules of behavior and communication in society, adhering to strict upbringing and respecting their elders. The latter came from tribal communities where the chief elder was held in high esteem; many Asian countries still observe this law.

Most of the ethnic group believes in the need for a centralized state. Many countries in Asia are states with significantly limited democracy, led by a charismatic and strong leader, or are even authoritarian monarchies.

Of the large nationalities, a special place is occupied by:

Africa

If in Europe and Asia it is quite simple to create a picture of the ethnic composition and identify large nations, then with Africa things are different. There are up to 8,000 different peoples here, most of them have two to three thousand people and are located in a small area. According to some estimates, more than 3,000 tribes live in Africa, speaking a thousand languages, some of which are poorly understood.

The largest ethnic groups found in Africa are: Arabs, Hausa, Yoruba, Algerian and Moroccan Arabs, Igbo, Fulani, Aromo, Amhara.

The culture of local peoples is significantly different from European ones. Northern Africa is characterized as a more developed civilization; the southern and tropical parts have followed a different path of development, which is why they are so distinctive. Here, the vast majority of residents still live in tribes, where strict rules are established for family life, work and general society. For example, circumcision is a necessity dictated by strict rules, and women in most tribes do not have the same rights as men.

Most of the peoples of Africa believe in the existence of magical influences; amulets against the evil eye are made here, traditional rituals, they create totems for protection from various natural disasters and the wrath of the gods, there is even a sacrifice to obtain a rich harvest, fertile soil, and stable rains.

North America

In North America indigenous people was divided into three large groups, each of them lived on its own territory, had special traditions and customs that have survived to this day with some changes. The central part of North America was occupied by Indians, the coasts and islands were inhabited by the Aleuts, and the northern regions went to the Eskimos.

If the Eskimos managed to preserve their people, the Aleuts almost completely disappeared - their numbers decreased three times. After colonization, the Spaniards, Portuguese, British and French came to America. Most settled on this continent, mixing with the Americans and the indigenous population. This is how Americans of English origin, French-Canadians, and Barbadians (descendants of slaves brought from Africa) appeared.

The culture of North America is characterized by enviable patriotism, and it is observed both among the indigenous people and among visitors during the colonization of the United States. The modern culture of the local ethnic group is a combination of the values ​​of the original population and the innovative reforms of the colonialists. Here, totemic buildings still coexist with great skyscrapers, and in remote corners of the country you can see yurts, bizarre drawings of disappeared tribes, and the homes of indigenous settlers.

Population of North America:

South America

The modern population of South America is diverse - there are Americans, immigrants from Europe, descendants of slaves brought from Africa, and mixed groups (mestizo, mulatto, Sambo). The indigenous settlers are groups of Indian peoples most of still lives in South America, for example, the Arawaks, Wayu, Wapishana, the smaller ones have not survived to this day, for example, the Charruas. Some peoples have practically disappeared from America; their number today does not exceed 10 thousand people. At the ethnic level in South America, three main classes can be distinguished: Indians, representatives of the Negroid race and representatives of the Caucasian race.

The culture of South America is very colorful and original. South American countries have a rich musical heritage; genres such as cumbia and samba originate here. South America has become the birthplace of the creation of new musical styles, and the world-famous Argentine dance tango.

South America is an example of successful borrowing of knowledge and skills among peoples, which generalizes different ethnic groups in unified system. The bulk of the population cannot even accurately infect this or that custom; they do not know where it originates and whose people were the original source. Here traditions are passed on from generation to generation.

Population of South America:

Australia

The Australian aborigines are considered the indigenous population of Australia; they live separately from other peoples of the world and have their own language group. There are currently more than 55 thousand speakers in Australia. Australian languages, the most widely spoken of these is the Western Desert language, spoken by about 7,000 people.

Australian aborigines are prominent representatives of the ancient inhabitants of the earth; peoples have a similar way of life with the peoples who existed at the stage of the emergence of world culture. Indigenous people prefer to stay in the deserts, engage in hunting and farming, and live in unity with nature.

Since the arrival of the settlers, the ethnic groups on this continent have undergone significant changes. Now large group are Anglo-Australians (Australians of English origin); there are also Afghans, Hungarians, Indians, and Chinese.

Although the majority of Australia's population is English-speaking, this country stands out from the rest English speaking countries. The first distinctive feature is egalitarianism, which presupposes the equality of all members of society. All peoples of Australia, without exception, have the same legal, economic and political opportunities. The value of equality for men, women and children is fundamental to Australia.

Another feature includes friendliness and good relationships; on the territory of this continent, the aborigines coexist peacefully with the visiting colonialists. The indigenous population even received back territories that they had owned before the arrival of Europeans.

Topic: Peoples of the world, diversity of countries Apply on k.k countries where
new ethnic groups are being formed,
sign them.
Project. activities:
Do your research
language composition of students
several classes of its
schools. According to the results
research build
diagram, prepare
message.

Languages

Diversity of peoples and languages.

Classification of peoples

Country classification

Republic is a form of government in which the highest legislative power belongs to an elected body - parliament (Duma), and

Interethnic relations

Peoples of the world: different in clothing

Different lifestyles:

Different by culture:

Conclusions: - Under the influence of natural factors, various external signs of people were formed. Three major human races emerged

ABAZINS(self-named - Abaza) - a people in the Russian Federation, in Karachay-Cherkessia (27 thousand people). In total there are 33 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). They also live in Turkey (10 thousand people) and Arab countries. Total number 44 thousand people. (1992). Abaza language. The believers are Sunni Muslims.

ABELAM(self-designated) - Papuan people in Papua New Guinea. Number of people: 70 thousand people. (1992). Abelam language. Believers are Catholics, Protestants, some adhere to traditional beliefs.

ABUNG(self-designated) - people in Indonesia. Number of people: 300 thousand people. (1992). Lampung language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

ABKHAZIANS(self-named - Apsua) - a people in Georgia, the indigenous population of Abkhazia. The population in Georgia is 96 thousand people, incl. in Abkhazia 93 thousand people. (1992). They also live in the Russian Federation (6 thousand people), Turkey (6 thousand people) and Arab countries. Total number 115 thousand people. The language is Abkhazian. The believers are mostly Sunni Muslims, with some Orthodox Christians.

AVAR(self-named - maarulal) - people in the Russian Federation (mainly in Dagestan, 496 thousand people) and in the north of Azerbaijan (44 thousand people). The population in the Russian Federation (including Ando-Tsez peoples and Archin people) is 544 thousand people. (1992). The language is Avar. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

AUSTRALIANS— indigenous population of Australia, 170 thousand people. (1992). Largely exterminated by colonialists. Linguistically and racially they are special group. Believers are Presbyterians and Catholics; traditional cults are preserved.

AUSTRIANS(self-named - esterreicher) - people, the main population of Austria (7.15 million people). Total number 8.8 million people. (1992). They also live in the USA (1,270 thousand people), Germany (180 thousand people), Canada (40 thousand people) and other countries. Language is German. Believers are mostly Catholics.

ASAU(self-named Agave) - a group of Cushitic peoples in Ethiopia and Erie. Number of people: 420 thousand people. (1992), incl. in Ethiopia 350 thousand people. Agau language. The believers are Monophysite Christians, some are Judaists and followers of a local syncretic religion.

AGULS(self-named - Agul) - people in the Russian Federation, mainly in Dagestan (14 thousand people). The number of radios in the Russian Federation is 18 thousand people. (1992). Agul language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

ADANGME(self-named - adangbe, dangmeli) - people in Ghana. Number of people: 700 thousand people. (1992). Adangme language. They adhere to traditional beliefs; there are Protestants and Catholics.

ADYGEANS(self-named Adyge) - people in the Russian Federation, mainly in Adygea (95 thousand people). The population in the Russian Federation is 123 thousand people. (1992). They also live in Turkey (5 thousand people) and Arab countries. Adyghe language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

AZERBAIJANIANS(self-name - azerbaijanlilar, azeriler) - people, the main population of Azerbaijan (5.8 million people, 1992). They also live in Iran (10.43 million people). Russian Federation (336 thousand people), Georgia (307 thousand people), Kazakhstan (90 thousand people), Armenia and other countries. The total number is 17.2 million people. (1992). The language is Azerbaijani. Believers are mostly Shiite Muslims.

AYMARA- Indian people in Bolivia, Peru and Chile. Total population: 2.55 million people. (1992). Aymara language. Believers are Catholics.

AIN- people on the island Hokkaido, in Japan, 20 thousand people. (1992). Ainu language. Believers are Buddhists.

AQUAPIM(self-designated) - people in Ghana. Number of people: 650 thousand people. (1992). Akwapim, Chwi (Twi) languages. Believers - Presbyterians, Methodists.

ALBANIANS(self-named - shkiptar) - people, the main population of Albania (3.25 million people, 1992). The population in Yugoslavia is 1.985 million people, Macedonia is 500 thousand people. Total number 6.1 million people. Albanian language. Believers are mainly Sunni Muslims, there are Christians (Catholics and Orthodox).

ALGONQUIN- a group of Indian peoples (Ojibwe, Mi'kmak, Dela Wara, Cree, Montagnais, Naskapi, Cheyenne, etc.) in the USA and Canada, 260 thousand people. (1992). They speak Algonquian languages.

ALEUTS(self-named Unangan) - the people, the indigenous population of the Aleutian Islands and the Alaska Peninsula (USA) and the Commander Islands (Russian Federation). Total number 3 thousand people. (1990), incl. 2 thousand people in USA. Aleutian language. Believers are mostly Orthodox.

ALGERIANS(Arabs of Algeria) - people, the main population of Algeria (21.2 million people). Total population: 22.2 million people. (1992), incl. in France 820 thousand people. Language is Arabic. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

ALORTS(self-called Orang Alor) are a people in Indonesia. Number of people: 100 thousand people. (1992). Alorian language. The believers are Sunni Muslims; traditional beliefs are preserved.

ALTAIANS(self-name - Altai-Kizhi) - people in the Altai Republic (59 thousand people). The population in the Russian Federation is 69 thousand people. (1992). They are divided into ethnographic groups: Altai-Kizhi, Telengits, Teles, Teleuts, Tubalars, Chelkans, Kumandins. Altai language. Believers are Orthodox, some are Baptist; traditional beliefs are preserved.

ALUR(self-named - Joalur) - Nilotic people in the Congo (450 thousand people) and Uganda (300 thousand people, 1992). Dho Alur language. They adhere to traditional beliefs.

ALUTERS- a nationality in the Russian Federation (about 3 thousand people, 1992), on the northeastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The language is Alyutor.

AMBONS(self-named Amboins) - people in Indonesia (600 thousand people, 1992), total number 635 thousand people. Language Malay. Believers are Reformed Christians, Sunni Muslims.

AMBUNDU(Mbundu, self-called Kimbundu) - people of the Bantu group in Angola, 2.15 million people. (1992). Kimbundu language. Mainly adhere to traditional cults; There are Catholics and adherents of syncretic cults.

AMERICANS USA- people, the main population of the United States. The total number is 194.2 million people. (1992), incl. in the USA 193 million people. The population in Canada is 350 thousand people, in Mexico 135 thousand people, in Great Britain 120 thousand people. They speak American English. Believers are mainly Protestants and Catholics.

AMHARA(self-named - Amara) - people in Ethiopia. Total population: 21 million people. (1992), incl. in Ethiopia 20.8 million people, Eritrea 180 thousand people, Yemen 15 thousand people. The language is Amharic. By religion they are mainly Monophysite Christians.

BRITISH(self-named - English) - people, the main population of Great Britain. Total population 48.5 million people. (1992). incl. in the UK 44.7 million people, Canada 1 million people, Australia 940 thousand people, USA 650 thousand people, South Africa 230 thousand people, India 200 thousand people, New Zealand 188 thousand people English language. The believers are mostly Anglicans.

ENGLO-AUSTRALIANS- people, the main population of Australia. Total population 13.4 million people. (1992). They speak Australian English. Believers are mostly Protestants.

ENGLO-AFRICANS- people in South Africa (1.75 million people, 1992). Total population 1.95 million people. They speak the South African dialect of English. Believers - Anglicans, Methodists, Presbyterians, Catholics.

ENGLISH-CANADIANS- people in Canada (10.8 million people). The total number is 11.67 million people. (1992). They speak Canadian English. The believers are mostly Protestants, some are Catholics.

ENGLO-NEW ZEALANDERS(New Zealanders, Pakeha) - people, the main population of New Zealand (2.6 million people). Total population: 2.76 million people. (1992). English language. The believers are mostly Anglicans.

ANDAMANS- indigenous population of the Andaman Islands (India). Number of approx. 100 people Languages ​​form an isolated family. The An Damans adhere mainly to traditional beliefs.

ANDIANS(self-named - Andal) - people in the Russian Federation, in Dagestan. Number of approx. 30 thousand people (1992). Andean language. The believers are Sunni Muslims.

APACHE(self-named Diné) - a group of Athabaskan peoples (Navajo, Mes Calero, Jicarilla, etc.) in the USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma), 20 thousand people. (no Navajo, 1992). The languages ​​make up the southern branch of the Athapaskan languages. Believers are Christians.

ARAB(self-named al-Arab) - a group of peoples (Algerians, Egyptians, Moroccans, etc.) - the main population of the Arab countries of Western Asia and North Africa. Total population 199 million people. (1992). Language is Arabic. The majority are Muslims.

ARAWAKI- a group of Indian peoples (Guajiro, Campa, Baniwa, Arawaks proper, etc.) in South America and the West Indies, 400 thousand people. (1992). Arawakan languages. Believers adhere to traditional beliefs, some are Catholics.

ARAUCANA(self-named Mapuche) - Indian people in Chile (800 thousand people, 1992) and in the west of Argentina (70 thousand people). The language is Araucanian. They retain traditional beliefs, some are Catholics.

ARGENTINES- people, the main population of Argentina (28 million people). Total population: 28.3 million people. (1992). They speak the Argentine dialect of Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

ARMENIANS(self-named - hai) - people, the main population of Armenia (3.08 million people, 1992). They also live in the Russian Federation (532 thousand people), Georgia (437 thousand people), USA (700 thousand people), France (270 thousand people), Iran (200 thousand people), Syria (170 thousand people), Nagarno-Karabakh (146 thousand people), Libya and Turkey (150 thousand people each), etc. The total number is 6.55 million people. The language is Armenian. Believers are mostly Monophysite Christians.

ARCHINTS(self-named - arshishtib) - people in the Russian Federation, in Dagestan; St. 1 thousand people (1992). Archin language. The believers are Sunni Muslims.

ASSAMANS(self-name - Ahomiya, Assamiya) - people, the main population of the state of Assam (India); 14.55 million people (1992). They also live in Bhutan (220 thousand people) and other countries. Assamese language. Believers are Hindus, some are Muslims and Christians

ASSYRIANS(Aisors, self-named - Athuraya) - people in the countries of the Middle East, in the USA, etc. The total number is 350 thousand people. (1992), incl. in the Russian Federation 10.6 thousand people, Iraq 120 thousand people, Iran 100 thousand people, Turkey 70 thousand people. The language is Assyrian. The believers are mostly Nestorians.

ATAPASCA(Athabascans, self-name - Dene, Na-Dene) - a group of Indian tribes (Apaches, Chipewayas, Dogrib, etc.) in the USA and Canada; 220 thousand people (1992), tu. h. 210 thousand people in the USA - Athapaskan languages. Believers are Protestants, Catholics, some adhere to traditional beliefs.

AFAR(self-named - danakil, adalo) - people in Ethiopia (670 thousand people, 1992), Eritrea (180 thousand people), Djibouti (150 thousand people). Afar-sa ho language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

AFGHANS(self-named Pashtun, Pathan) - the people, the main population of Afghanistan (over 10 million people, 1992). St. 19 million people (mostly nomads and semi-nomads) live in northwestern Pakistan. Tribal associations are preserved (Afridis, Wazirs, Ghilzais, Durranis, etc.). Pashto language. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims.

AFRICANERS(Boers) - people in South Africa (3 million people). They also live in Moldova, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Great Britain, the USA and Yar. The total number of St. 3 million people (1992). Afrikaners are descendants of Dutch, French and German colonists. Afrikaans language. Believers - Mainly Protestants (Reformed).

AFRO- AMERICANS- an ethnoracial group in the United States, part of the Americans in the United States. African Americans are the descendants of African slaves brought to North America in the 17th - 19th centuries; 30 million people (1992).

Aztecs(Asteca, Nahua) - Indian people in Mexico; 1.2 million people (1992). Aztec language. Believers are Catholics. Until the 16th century On the territory of modern Mexico there was an Aztec state with its capital in Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs created a civilization that was destroyed by the Spanish conquerors in the 16th century.

WITH WHAT(self-named - achim, akim) - people in Ghana. Number of people: 650 thousand people. (1992). Chwi language (Twi). They adhere to traditional beliefs, some are Protestants and Catholics.

ACHEH(ache, achin) - a people in Indonesia, in the north of the island. Sumatra; OK. 3 million people (1992). They also live in Malaysia. Acehnese language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

ACHOLI(Akoli, Gang) - people in Uganda (780 thousand people, 1992). They also live in Sudan (20 thousand people). Acholi language. They adhere to traditional beliefs, some are Sunni Muslims.

ASHANTI(self-name - Asante, Asantefo) - people in Ghana, 4 million people. (1992). They retain traditional beliefs, there are Christians and Sunni Muslims.

BAGIRMI(self-named - Barma-ge) - people in Chad (530 thousand people, 1992) and Sudan (20 thousand people). Bagirmi language. By religion, Muslims are mostly Sunni.

BYE(Baizi, Bayni) - people in China. Population 1.67 million people. (1992). Language bai. Believers are Buddhists, some are Taoists.

BAKWE- a group of peoples in Liberia (500 thousand people, 1992) and Cote d'Ivoire (400 thousand people). The Bakwe language. The majority retain traditional beliefs, some are Christians.

BALANTE- people in Guinea-Bissau, 600 thousand people. They also live in Cape Verde and Senegal. Total number 690 thousand people. (1992). Ba Lante language. Preserve traditional beliefs.

BALIANS- people in Indonesia, on the island. Bali and in the west of the island. Lombok; 3.65 million people (1992). The language of the Indonesian branch. The believers are Hindus.

BALKARIANS(self-named - Taulula) - people in the Russian Federation, in Kabardino-Balkaria (71 thousand people). In total there are 78 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). The language is Karachay-Balkar. The believers are Sunni Muslims.

BAMBARA(Bamana) - the people of the Mandingo group in Mali (2.7 million people), Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Gambia, etc. Total number 3.49 million people (1992). Bamana language. By religion in Mostly Sunni Muslims, some retain traditional beliefs.

GANG- people in the Central African Republic (950 thousand people) and Congo (600 thousand people, 1992). Language gang. Preserve traditional beliefs.

BANJAR- people in Indonesia (about 3 million people, mainly on the island of Kalimantan) and Malaysia. Total population 3.15 million people. (1992). They speak a dialect of Malay. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

BANTU- a group of peoples in Central and Southern Africa (Rwanda, Ma Kua, Shona, Congo, Malawi, Rundi, Zulu, Xhosa, etc.), approx. 200 million people (1992). Bantu languages. They settled widely (from the 1st millennium BC to the 19th century), assimilating the indigenous population (pygmies, speakers of Khoi-San languages).

BARBADISTS(self-named - badges) - people, the main population of Barbados (250 thousand people), mainly descendants of slaves taken from Africa in the 17th - early 19th centuries. Total number 350 thousand people. (1992), incl. in the USA 35 thousand people, Great Britain 35 thousand people, Canada 30 thousand people. They speak a dialect of English. The majority of believers are Anglicans, there are Methodists, Moravian Brothers, and Catholics.

BASQUES(self-named - Euskaldunak) - a people in Spain (950 thousand people) and France (140 thousand people). They also live in Latin American countries. Total population 1.25 million people. (1992). Basque language. Believers are Catholics.

BAKHTIARS- people in Iran (mainly in the southwest, in the historical region of Greater Luristan, or Bakhtiaria), 1 million people. (1992). They are divided into groups Haftleng and Cheharleng. They speak dialects of the Western subgroup of Iranian languages. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

BASHKIRS(self-named Bashkort) - a people in the Russian Federation, the indigenous population of Bashkiria (864 thousand people). In total in the Russian Federation approx. 1.35 million people (1992). They also live in Kazakhstan (42 thousand people), Uzbekistan (35 thousand people), etc. The language is Bashkir. The believers are Sunni Muslims.

BADGE(Bedauye) are a people of the Cushite group in the northeast of Sudan (1.75 million people) and in neighboring areas of Eritrea and Egypt. Total population: 1.85 million people. (1992). Bedauye language. By religion they are Sunni Muslims.

BELARUSIANS- people, the main population of Belarus (over 7.9 million people, 1992). They also live in the Russian Federation (1.2 million people), Ukraine (440 thousand people), Kazakhstan (183 thousand people), Latvia (120 thousand people), Lithuania (63 thousand people) , Uzbekistan (63 thousand people), Estonia (27.7 thousand people), Poland (approx. 300 thousand people). The language is Belarusian. The believers are mostly Orthodox, with some Catholics.

BALUCHI(self-named - Baloch) - a people in Pakistan (4 million people) and Iran (1.4 million people, 1992). They also live in Afghanistan, Turkmenistan (28.3 thousand people 1989) and Arab countries. Total population 5.7 million people. (1992). Balochi language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

BENGALIS— people, the main population of Bangladesh (109.5 million people). They also live in India (80 million people), Nepal, Bhutan, Singapore, etc. The total number is 189.65 million people. (1992). The language is Bengali. The believers in Bangladesh are mostly Sunni Muslims, in India they are mostly Hindus.

BERBERS(self-named - Amahag) - a group of peoples (Tamazight, Rif, Shilkh, Tuareg, Kabyle, Shauya, etc.), indigenous population of North Africa, Central and Western Sudan; St. 11.52 million people (1992). They speak Berber-Libyan languages. By religion they are mainly Sunni Muslims.

BICOL(self-named) - people in the Philippines (mainly on the Bicol Peninsula and Luzon Island), 4.5 million people. (1992). The language of the Indonesian branch. Believers are mostly Catholics.

BIMA- SUMBANIPEOPLES- a group of peoples in the east of Indonesia (Bima, Sumbanese, Manggarai, Hawu, etc.), on the islands of the Lesser Sunda archipelago; 3.1 million people (1992). Languages ​​of the Indonesian branch. By religion they are Christians, Sunni Muslims and adherents of traditional beliefs.

BINI(edo, edo) - people in Nigeria, 4.27 million people. (1992). Bini tongue. Believers are mostly Christians.

BISA- people in Burkina Faso, Ghana (150 thousand people each) and Nigeria (70 thousand people, 1992). Encore language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

BIHARIANS- a group of peoples (Maithils, Magahs, Bhajpurs) in India (92.5 million people, Bihar state) and neighboring areas of Nepal (3.64 million people), Bangladesh (1.45 million people) and Bhutan. Total population 97.6 million people. (1992). Languages ​​of the Indo-Iranian branch. The believers are mostly Hindus.

BOA- people in the Congo. Population 1 million people. (1992). Liboa language. They adhere to traditional beliefs.

BOBO(self-named - Bua) - people in Burkina Faso (600 thousand people, 1992) and neighboring regions of Mali (220 thousand people) and Cote d'Ivoire (100 thousand people). Gbe language. Preserved traditional beliefs, some are Catholics.

BULGARIANS- people, the main population of Bulgaria (7.85 million people). They also live in Ukraine (234 thousand people), Moldova (88 thousand people), the Russian Federation (32.8 thousand people) and other countries. Total number 8.45 million people. (1992). Language is Bulgarian. The believers are mostly Orthodox, some are Sunni Muslims.

BOLIVIANS- people, the main population of Bolivia (3 million people). They also live in Argentina (150 thousand people), Brazil, USA, Peru and Chile. Total number 3.2 million people. (1992). Mostly Spanish-Indian mestizos. They speak Spanish and Guarani. Believers are Catholics.

BORORO(self-named - Orarimugudoge) - an Indian people group in Bolivia (2 thousand people) and Brazil (1 thousand people, 1992). They retain traditional beliefs, some are Catholics.

BOSNIANS(self-named - Muslims, Muslims, Bosans) - the people, population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Population 1.8 million people. (1992). They also live in Yugoslavia (220 thousand people), Croatia (14 thousand people), Turkey (30 thousand people), and the USA (30 thousand people). Total number 2.1 million people. Bosniaks are the former population (mostly Serbs and Croats) of the historical region of Bosnia and Herzegovina who converted to Islam during Ottoman rule. Language Serbo-Croatian. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

BRAGUI(self-named - Brahui) - a people in Pakistan (750 thousand people, mainly in the provinces of Balochistan and Sindh). They also live in Afghanistan, Iran, etc. The total number is 835 thousand people. (1992). Bragui language. By religion - Sunni Muslims.

BRAZILIANS- people, the main population of Brazil; 149 million people (1992). They also live in Argentina, Paraguay, USA, Portugal. The total number is 149.4 million people. Language is Portuguese. Believers are mostly Catholics.

BRETONS- people in France (Brittany), 1.05 million people. (1992). Breton language. Believers are Catholics.

BUGIS(self-named - tougik) - a people in Indonesia (mainly in the southwest of Sulawesi); population 4.55 million people. They also live in Malaysia and Singapore. Total population: 4.6 million people. (1992). Buginese language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

BUI(Buei, Zhongjia, self-name - Yoi) - people in southern China, 2.7 million people. (1992). Thai family language. Believers are Buddhists, some are Christians.

BURISHI(Burishki, Burushaski, Vershiki) are a people in the highlands of northwestern India. OK. 50 thousand people (1987). The tongue is isolated. Believers are mostly Shiite Muslims.

BURYATS(self-named baryaat) - a people in the Russian Federation, the main population of Buryatia (250 thousand people). In total, there are 421 thousand people with radios in the Russian Federation. They also live in northern Mongolia and northeastern China. Total number 520 thousand people. (1992). Buryat language. Believers are Buddhists, shamanists.

BUSHMEN(from Dutch bosjesman, lit. - forest man) - a people, the indigenous population of South and East Africa. Suppressed in the 16th - 10th centuries. Bantu peoples to the desert regions of Namibia (85 thousand people, 1992), Botswana (35 thousand people), Angola (8 thousand people) and Zimbabwe (1 thousand people). They belong to the Bushman race. Bushman languages. They preserve traditional beliefs.

BHILI- a group of peoples in India, indigenous to the mountainous regions of the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashta. Population 3.7 million people. (1992). The language of the Indo-Iranian branch. The believers are mostly Hindus.

BHOTIA—people, the main population of Bhutan (1 million people, 1991). They also live in Nepal (110 thousand people) and India (90 thousand people). The language of the Sinoti Beta family. Believers are mainly Buddhists, in India - Hindus.

WALLONS- people in Belgium (3.92 million people). They also live in France, the USA, etc. The total number is 4.1 million people. (1992). They speak the Walloon dialect of French. Believers are Catholics.

WARRAU(huarao, guarao) - Indian people in Venezuela (17 thousand people). They also live in Suriname and Guyana. Total number 20 thousand people. (1992). Tongue isolated. Believers are Catholics.

VAKHANI- one of the Pamir peoples.

VEDDAS- people, indigenous people of Sri Lanka (mainly Eastern Provinces), OK. 1 thousand people (1992). They belong to the Veddo race. Language of the Indo-Iranian group. Believers are mainly Buddhists and Hindus.

HUNGARIANS(self-named Magyars) - people, the main population of Hungary (9.95 million people). They also live in Romania (1.86 million people), Slovakia (580 thousand people). Yugoslavia (400 thousand people), USA (600 thousand people), Canada (120 thousand people). The total number is 13.83 million people. (1992). Language Hungarian. Believers are mostly Catholics.

VENDA(self-named Bavenda) - the people of the Bantu group in South Africa (910 thousand people) and Zimbabwe (320 thousand people, 1992). Believers are mostly Protestants; there are adherents of traditional and syncretic cults.

VENEZUELANS— people, the main population of Venezuela (17.3 million people). The total number is 17.4 million people. (1992). OK. 80% - mestizos, mulattoes, sambo, approx. 5% are blacks. Language Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

VEPSY(Vepsya, Vepsya, self-name - bepsya) - people in the Leningrad and Vologda regions and Karelia; 13 thousand people (1992). Vepsian language. Believers are Orthodox.

VISAYA(Bisaya) - people in the Philippines. Population 26.75 million people. (1992). Visayan language. Believers are mostly Catholics, some adhere to traditional beliefs.

VOD(self-named - vadyalayn) - people in the Russian Federation. Number of members: less than one hundred people (1992). Votic language. Believers are Orthodox.

WOLOF(Wolof) - people in Senegal (4.1 million people). They also live in Mauritania, Gambia, Mali, etc. The total number is 4.36 million people. (1992). Wolof language. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims.

VIETNAMESE(self-named - Kinh, Viet) - people, the main population of Vietnam (61 million people). They also live in Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, the USA, etc. The total number is 62.15 million people. (1992). Language Vietnamese. Believers are mainly Buddhists, Taoists, Confucians, some Catholics and adherents of the cult of ancestors and syncretic religions.

HAWAIIANS— people, indigenous population of the Hawaiian Islands (USA), 170 thousand people. (1992). Hawaiian language. Believers are Protestants and Catholics.

GAGAUZ- people in Moldova (153 thousand people) and Ukraine (32 thousand people, 1992). They also live in the Russian Federation (approx. 10 thousand people), Bulgaria, Romania, Greece and Turkey. Total number 220 thousand people. (1992). The language is Gagauz. Believers are Orthodox.

HAITIANS(Haitians) - people, the main population of Haiti (6.6 million people). They also live in Dominican Republic, USA, Cuba, Bahamas, etc. Total population: 7.2 million people. (1992). They speak creolized French. The believers are Catholics, and there are also adherents of the syncretic cult of “water.”

GALICIANS(self-named - Gallego) - a people in Spain, the main population of Galicia. They also live in Argentina, Brazil and other American countries. Total population 4.2 million people. (1992). The language is Galician. Believers are Catholics.

GANDA(Baganda) - a Bantu people in Uganda (3.25 million people, 1992). They also live in Tanzania. By religion, they are mainly Christians, there are Sunni Muslims, and some retain traditional beliefs.

GAOSHAN(Chinese - highlanders) - a group of peoples (Atayal, Tsou, Amey, Bunun, etc.) on the island. Taiwan, 340 thousand people. (1992). Languages ​​of the Indonesian group. Preserve traditional beliefs.

GUATEMALANTS- people, the main population of Guatemala (over 5.6 million people). Total population 5.68 million people. (1992). Mainly Pan-Indian mestizo (Ladino). They speak the Guatemalan dialect of Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

HERERO(Ovagerero) - the people of the Bantu group in Namibia (200 thousand people), Angola, Botswana and South Africa. The total number is 270 thousand people. (1992). By religion, some are Protestants, some retain traditional beliefs.

GERMANO- SWISS- people in Switzerland (4.22 million people, 1992). They also live in the USA (200 thousand people), Germany, Canada, Great Britain, France, etc. The total number is 4.58 million people. Language - Tsar's Swiss version German language. Believers are Calvinists, some are Catholics.

GILYANTS- people in Iran (historical region of Gilan); 3.3 million people (1992). Language of the Iranian group. Believers are mostly Shiite Muslims.

DUTCH(Dutch) - people, the main population of the Netherlands (12.05 million people). The total number is 13.27 million people. (1992). Language is Dutch. Believers are mainly Protestants (Calvinists, Mennonites), Catholics.

HONDURAS- people, the main population of Honduras (5.15 million people). Total population 5.24 million people. (1992). Mainly Spanish-Indian mestizos (Ladinos). They speak the local version of Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

GONDS- people of the Dravidian group in India; 3.8 million people (1992). The believers are mostly Hindus, some adhere to traditional beliefs.

HOTTENTOTS(self-named - Khoikhoin) - a people in Namibia, Botswana and South Africa, the indigenous population of South Africa. The total number is 130 thousand people, incl. in Namibia 102 thousand people. (1992). They speak Gotten Totish languages. Believers are mostly Protestants.

GREEKS(self-named Hellines) - people, the main population of Greece (9.72 million people). Total population 12.4 million people. (1992). They also live in Cyprus (570 thousand people), in the USA (550 thousand people), Germany (300 thousand people), in the Russian Federation (92 thousand people), etc. The language is Greek (Modern Greek ). Believers are mostly Orthodox.

GRENADIANS- the people, the main population of Grenada. Number of people: 105 thousand people. (1992). The language is Grenadian Creole (based on English). Believers are mostly Catholics, with some Protestants.

GEORGIANS(self-named - Kartveli) - people, the main population of Georgia (3.787 million people). In the Russian Federation there are 130.7 thousand people. (1992). Total number 4.14 million people. Ethnographic groups: Adjarians, Gurians, Imeretians, Kartlians, Kakhetians, Khevsurs, Mingrelians, Svans, Laz, Javakhs, etc. The language is Georgian. Believers are mostly Orthodox.

GUARANI- Indian people of the Tupi-Guarani group in Paraguay; 30 thousand people (1987). Participate in the formation of modern Paraguayans. Guarani language. Catholic by religion.

GUAJIRO(Goajiro, self-named Vayuu) is an Indian people of the Arawaks group living on the Guajira Peninsula. The population in Colombia is 200 thousand people. (1992), Venezuela 65 thousand people, small groups in Panama and the Antilles. They mostly adhere to traditional beliefs; there are Catholics.

GUJAR(self-designated) - ethnic community in India and eastern Pakistan, 1 million people. (1992). Language of the Indo-Iranian group. The believers are mostly Ikduists, there are Sunni Muslims.

GUJARATIANS- people in India (46 million people), the main population of the state of Gujarat. They also live in Pakistan. Total population: 47 million people. (1992). The language is Gujarati. Believers are mainly Hindus, there are Sunni Muslims and Jains.

GURAGE(self-named) - a group of peoples in Ethiopia; 2.6 million people (1992). The language of the Semitic branch. By religion, they are mainly Sunni Muslims, there are Christians (mostly Monophysites) and adherents of other religious beliefs.

GOURMA(gurmantche, self-name - binumba) - people in Togo, Ghana, Burki na Faso and the border areas of Benin and Niger; 1.52 million people (1992). Language of the Gur subfamily. They adhere to traditional beliefs, there are Sunni Muslims.

HURON(self-named Wendat) - an Indian people of the Iroquois group in Canada (mainly the Loretville reservation in the province of Quebec); OK. 1 thousand people Catholic by religion. They formed an alliance of tribes that entered in the middle of the 17th century. to the Iroquois League.

GURUNG- people in Nepal (300 thousand people, 1992) and Bhutan (250 thousand people), small groups - in India. Language of the Sino-Tibetan family. The believers are Buddhists.

HUTSULS — ethnographic group Ukrainians. They live in the Carpathians (Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi and Transcarpathian regions of Ukraine).

GALES(Gaels, Goidels, Highlanders) - an ethnographic group of Scottish Landians in the mountainous regions of north-west Scotland and the Hebrides; 80 thousand people (1992). The language is Gaelic. Believers are Catholics.

DAKOTA(self-named) - Indian people of the Sioux group in the USA (reservations in the states of South and North Dakota, Minnesota and Nebraska, 10 thousand people, 1992) and Canada (3 thousand people). Believers are mainly Christians (Protestants and Catholics).

DARGINS(self-named - Dargan) - people in Dagestan (over 280.4 thousand people, 1992). In total there are 353 thousand people in the Russian Federation. The total number (including Kaitag and Kubachi residents) is 365 thousand people. Dargin language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

DANE- people, the main population of Denmark (approx. 5 million people). They also live in the USA, Canada, Germany, Sweden, Norway, etc. The total number is 5.6 million people. (1992). Language Danish. The believers are mostly Lutherans.

DAURS(Daturs, Dahurs) - people in northern China, 125 thousand people, (1992). Until the middle of the 17th century. lived in the upper reaches of the river. Amur and in the valleys pp. Argun and Zeya. Language of the Mongolian group. Believers are shamanists.

DAYAKS- a group of peoples (Ngaju, Clementans, Ibans, Kenya, etc.) in Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei, the indigenous population of the island. Kaliman tan; 3.7 million people (1992). Languages ​​of the Indonesian group. They adhere to traditional beliefs; there are Christians and Sunni Muslims.

DELAWARE(self-named - Lenape) - Indian people of the Algonquian New group in the USA (states of New York, Wisconsin, Kansas, Oklahoma; 3 thousand people, 1992) and in Canada (reservations in the south of Ontario, 1 thousand people). Believers are Protestants (Moravian Brethren).

JATS- a group of tribes, at the beginning of AD. inhabited the western regions of Punjab, who later formed the ethnic basis of the Punjabis and became part of the Sikh community. In India, the Jats form an agricultural caste. Major uprisings of the Jats are known in the 17th - 18th centuries. Modern Jats live in northern India and Pakistan, 10 thousand people. (1992).

DEBT(self-name - Dolgan, Tya-kikhi, Sakha) - people in the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug (approx. 5 thousand people). In total there are 7 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). Dolgan language.

DOMINICANS- the people, the main population of the Dominican Republic. Total population 7.4 million people. (1992), incl. in the Dominican Republic 7.1 million people. They also live in the USA, Haiti, etc. The language is the local version of Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

DOMINICANS- people, the main population of Dominica; 70 thousand people (1992). Language is a local dialect of English. Believers are mostly Catholics.

DRAVIDIANS- a group of peoples (Telugu, Tamil, Malayali, Kannar, Gond, Oraon, etc.) in India, mainly in the south, as well as in Pakistan and neighboring regions of Iran and Afghanistan (Brahui). They belong to the South Indian race. Dravidian languages. Indigenous population of Hindustan.

DUALA(diwala, duela) - a Bantu people in Cameroon; 1.4 million people (1992). They retain traditional beliefs, some are Catholics.

DUN(self-name - din, butam) ~ people in southern China; 2.6 million people (1992). Thai family language.

DUNGANE(self-named - Hui) - people in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, a small part - in Uzbekistan; 70 thousand people (1992). Dungan language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

DONGIAN- people in China (Gansu province), 295 thousand people. (1987). Language of the Mongolian group. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

JEWS(self-designated - Yehudim, idn) - people. Population 13.62 million people. (1992), incl. in the USA approx. 6 million, Israel 4 million, in the Russian Federation 551 thousand people. (1992). Most speak the language of the country in which they live. Some Jews also speak Hebrew, Yiddish and other ethnic modifications of the languages ​​of neighboring peoples (Spanish, Arabic, Persian, etc.). Believers are mostly Jewish. In the Diaspora, a division has developed into Ashkenazim and Sephardim.

EGYPTIANS(Arabs of Egypt) - people, the main population of Egypt (54.2 million people). Total population 54.6 million people. (1992). Language Arabic. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

SAME- a group of Indian peoples (Bororo, Komngang, Conela, etc.) in Brazil; OK. 40 thousand people (1992). Family languages.

ZANDE(self-named Azande) - people in the Congo and the border areas of the Central African Republic and Sudan; 3.52 million people (1992), incl. 2.5 million people in Congo. Zande language. Preserve traditional beliefs.

ZULU(Zulus, self-named - AmaZulu) - people in South Africa. They also live in Le Sotho, Mozambique and Swaziland; 8.22 million people, incl. in South Africa 7.9 million people. (1992). Zulu language. They adhere to traditional beliefs, and there are adherents of syncretic cults.

IBIBIO(Agbishera) - a people in the southeast of Nigeria (6.75 million people). Total population 6.77 million people. (1992). The language is Ibibno. By religion they are Christians, there are adherents of traditional beliefs.

IGBO(for) are the people in Nigeria. Total population: 21.6 million people. (1992). Igbo language. Believers are Christians (Protestants and Catholics), some adhere to traditional beliefs.

IJO(Ijaw) - people in Nigeria (2.15 million people). Total population: 2.17 million people. (1992). The language of the Kwa family. Believers are mostly Christians (Protestants, some Catholics).

IZHORTS(self-styled - izuri) - people in the Russian Federation (in the Leningrad region, 449 people, 1992) and Estonia (306 people). Izhorian language. Believers are Orthodox.

ILOKI(Ilocanos) are a people in the Philippines (7.1 million people, 1992). Ilocano language. Believers are Catholics.

INGUSHI(self-named - Galgai) - people in the Russian Federation. They live mainly in Ingushetia (over 215 thousand people, 1992), Chechnya, and North Ossetia. The total number is 237 thousand people. (1992). The language is Ingush. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

INDIANS- the indigenous population of America (except for the Eskimos and Aleuts); 35 million people (1992). Largest nations- Quechua, Aymara, Aztecs, Mayans, Guarani, Araucans, etc. As a result of the European colonization of America, many tribes were completely or partially exterminated and pushed into other areas. In the USA and Canada they live mainly on reservations. In Bolivia and Guatemala they make up the majority of the population. Heavily mixed. They speak Indian languages, a significant part also speak Spanish ( Latin America) and English (North America) languages. Believers are Catholics, Protestants, there are adherents of syncretic cults and traditional beliefs.

INDO- PAKMETHANES- the general name for people from South Asia (mainly from India and Pakistan) outside Hindustan. They speak mainly the language of the country of residence, Hindi, Tamil. Believers are mainly Hindus, Sunni Muslims, Sikhs, Jains.

JORDANES(Arabs of Jordan) - the people, the main population of Jordan. The total population in Jordan is 2 million people. (1992), there are 350 thousand people in Kuwait. Language is Arabic. Believers are Sunni Muslims, some are Christians.

IRAQI(Arabs of Iraq) - people, the main population of Iraq (14.5 million people). The total number is 14.6 million people. (1992). They speak Iraqi dialect Arabic. Believers are Sunni Muslims (mainly in the north) and Shiites (in the south).

IRISH(self-named - Erinnah) - people, the main population of Ireland (3.4 million people). They also live in the UK (2.5 million people), the USA, Canada, etc. The total number is 7.8 million people. (1992). Irish language. Believers are mostly Catholics.

IROQUOIS— 1) a group of Indian peoples in the USA and Canada (actually Iroquois, Petuns, Hurons, Cherokees, etc.). Iroquoian languages. Most of the peoples were assimilated in the 17th - 18th centuries. actually Iroquois. 2) The Iroquois proper (self-called Khodenosaunee), the people of the Iroquois group in the USA (60 thousand people, 1992, states of New York and Oklahoma) and Canada (30 thousand people, provinces of Ontario and Quebec). There are Christians who adhere to syncretic cults. In the XVI - XVII centuries. formed an alliance of the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Onenla, and Mohawk tribes (the so-called Iroquois League).

ICELANDERS- people, the main population of Iceland, 255 thousand people. (1992). They also live in Canada (30 thousand people), the USA (5 thousand people) and European countries. Icelandic language. Believers are Lutherans.

SPANISH- people, the main population of Spain (27.6 million people). Total number 29.0 million people. (1992). Language Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

ITALO- SWISS- people in Switzerland (230 thousand people, 1992). They also live in France, the USA, and Argentina. Total number 265 thousand people. Language Italian. Believers are Catholics.

ITALIANS- people, the main population of Italy (54.35 million people). Total population 66.5 million people. (1992). Language Italian. Ethnographic groups: Venetians, Piedmontese, Tuscans, Lombards, Ligurians, Calabrians, Sicilians, etc. They also live in the USA (8.5 million people), Argentina (1.35 million people), France (1.1 million people) and other countries. The believers are mostly Catholics.

ITELMENS— people in the Russian Federation, in the Kamchatka region; 2.4 thousand people (1992). Itelmen language. Believers are truly glorious

IZZU(ii) - people in southern China; 6.9 million people (1992). Language of the Sino-Tibetan family. Believers are Taoists, Confucians, and some adhere to Traditional beliefs.

YEMENI(Arabs of Yemen) - the people, the main population of Yemen (12.3 million people, 1992); 1.4 million people live in Saudi Arabia. Language is Arabic. Believers are Muslims (Sunnis and Shiites).

YORUBA- the people of Nigeria (25.5 million people, 1992). They also live in Benin, Ghana, Togo and others African countries. Total population: 26.2 million people. (1992). Yoruba. By religion they are Christians, there are Sunni Muslims and adherents of traditional beliefs.

KABARDINS(self-named Adyghe) - people in the Russian Federation, Kabardino-Balkaria (364 thousand people). They also live in the Krasnodar and Stavropol territories and North Ossetia. In total there are 386 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). The language is Kabardino-Circassian. The believers are mostly Sunni Muslims, with some Orthodox Christians.

KABILES- people of the Berber group in the mountainous regions of Northern Algeria, 3 million people. (1992). The language is Kabyle. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

KAJARS- people in northern Iran. Goes back to one of the Qizilbash tribes, 30 thousand people. (1987). Language Turkic group. By religion they are Shia Muslims, some are Sunnis.

COSSACKS- ethnic class groups consisting of Russian and some other peoples. The total number in the Russian Federation is approx. 5 million people The language is Russian, bilingualism is common. The believers are Orthodox, there are representatives of other faiths.

KAZAKHS(self-named - Cossack) - people, the main population of Kazakhstan (over 6.54 million people, 1992). They also live in Uzbekistan (808 thousand people), Turkmenistan (87 thousand people), Kyrgyzstan (37 thousand people), Tajikistan and the Russian Federation (635.9 thousand people); in China (1.115 million people, 1992), Mongolia (125 thousand people), etc. The total number is 9.42 million people. Language Kazakh. The believers are non-Sunni Muslims.

KAINGANG- Indian peoples of the group in Brazil, some in Paraguay, 20 thousand people. (1992). Believers are Catholics.

KAINGUA(Mbua) - Indian people of the Tupi-Guarani group in Paraguay (30 thousand people), in the south of Brazil and the north of Argentina. Total number 55 thousand people. (1992). Believers are Catholics.

KAKCHIKELI- people in Guatemala, 350 thousand people. (1992). What language is it? Believers are Catholics.

KALMYKS(self-named - khalmg) - people, the main population of Kalmykia (over 146 thousand people); in total there are 166 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). Kalmyk language. Believers are Buddhists, some are Orthodox.

KAMBA(Akamba) - people in Kenya; 3.25 million people (1992). They adhere to traditional beliefs, and there are Christians.

CAMPA- Indian peoples of the Arawaks group in Peru, 50 thousand people. (1993). Campa language. Believers are Catholics.

KANAKA(New Caledonians) - Melanesian people, the main population of New Caledonia, 60 thousand people. (1992). The believers are mostly Catholics, there are Calvinists and others.

CANNARA(Kannada, self-name - Kannadiga) - a people in India, the main population of the state of Karnataka, 35 million people. (1992). Kannada language. Believers are mainly Hindus, with some Sunni and Jain Muslims.

KANURI(beri-beri) are a people in Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon and Chad. The total number is 6 million people, incl. in Nigeria 5.1 million people. (1992). Kanuri language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

KARAIMS(self-named - karaylar) - people in Ukraine (mainly in Crimea) and in Lithuania; 2.6 thousand people (1989). Small groups also live in Poland. Karaite language.

KARAKALPAKI- people in Central Asia, mainly in Uzbekistan, in Karakalpakstan (412 thousand people, 1992); 5 thousand people also live in Afghanistan (1992). In the Russian Federation - 6 thousand people. The language is Rakalpak. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

KARATAM- ethnographic group of Mordovians in Tataria.

KARACHAYS(self-named - Karachailyla) - a people in Karachay-Cherkessia (129 thousand people) and the Stavropol Territory. In total there are 150 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). The language is Karachay-Balkar. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

KARELIANS(self-named - Karjala) - a people in the Russian Federation, the indigenous population of Karelia (79 thousand people). They also live in Tver (23.2 thousand people) and some other regions. Total number 131 thousand people. (1992). The language is Karelian. Believing Karelians are truly glorious.

KARENS(self-named - pghanyo) - people in Myanmar and in the west of Thailand; 3.7 million people, incl. in Myanmar St. 3.5 million people (1992). Language of the Sino-Tibetan family. Believers are mainly Buddhists, there are Christians (Baptists).

CATALANS- people in Spain (mainly in Catalonia); 7.5 million people They also live in Fraction, Italy and the countries of America. The total number is 8.16 million people. (1992). Language Catalan. Believers are Catholics.

KACHARI- people in India (state of Assam), 1 million people. (1992). Language of the Tibeto-Burman group. Mostly Hindus.

KACHIN(Jingpo, self-name - Jingpo) - people in Myanmar (675 thousand people, Kachin national region) and China, small groups - in Thailand, Laos and northeast India. Total number 810 thousand people. (1992). Kachin language. Traditional beliefs are preserved; there are Buddhists and Christians (Baptists).

QASQUIANS(self-named Qashqai) - people in Iran (Fars province), 780 thousand people. (1992), They speak dialect Azerbaijani language. They are divided into tribes and groups, about half are nomads. Muslims are Shiites.

KASHMIRI(self-named Kashmiri) - a people in India, the main population of the states of Jammu and Kashmir, 4 million people. (1992). Kashmiri language. Mostly Sunni Muslims, some Hindus.

KASHUBY- an ethnographic group of Poles, they live in the coastal part of Poland; They speak Kashubian dialects of Polish.

KVAKIUTLI(self-named Kwakiutl) - Indian people of the Wa Kashey group in Canada, 1 thousand people. (1992). Protestant by religion.

QEKCHI- - Indian people in Guatemala (310 thousand people). They also live in El Salvador and Belize. Total number 325 thousand people. (1992). Language of the Maya-Kiche family. Believers are Catholics.

KETY (former name- Yenisei Ostyaks, Yeniseis) - a people living in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Russian Federation), along the middle and lower reaches of the Yenisei; 1.1 thousand people (1992). Ket language. Believers are Orthodox.

QUECHUA(Kichua) - Indian people in Peru (7.7 million people), Ecuador (4.3 million people) and Bolivia (2.47 million people). They also live in Argentina, Chile and Colombia. The total number is 14.87 million people. (1987). Descendants of the creators of the Inca civilization. Quechua language. Believers are Catholics.

KIKUYU(Gikuyu, Agikuyu) - the people of the Bantu group in Kenya, 6 million people. (1992). Kikuyu language. The majority adhere to traditional beliefs, some are Catholics and adherents of syncretic cults.

KYRGYZZ(self-named Kyrgyz) - people, the main population of Kyrgyzstan (2.23 million people). In Uzbekistan there are 175 thousand people, in Tajikistan 64 thousand people, in the Russian Federation 42 thousand people. (1992); in China there are 150 thousand people. (1987). Language is Kyrgyz. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

KIRIBATI(self-named Tungar) - Melanesian people, the main population of Kiribati (72 thousand people). They also live on neighboring islands. Total number 78 thousand people. (1993). Believers are protestants.

CHINESE(self-named - Han, Hanren) - people, the main population of the People's Republic of China (over 1.093 billion people). Total number approx. 1.125 billion people (1992). Language Chinese. Believers are Buddhists, Taoists, Confucians, there are Christians, etc.

QUICHE(self-named - kechelah) - Indian people in Guatemala, 300 thousand people. (1992). Language of the Maya-Kiche family. Believers are mostly Catholics.

COLOMBIANS- people, the main population of Colombia (32.5 million people). Total population 34.5 million people. (1992). Mostly mestizos, some mulattoes, Creoles. They speak the Colombian dialect of Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

COMANCHE(self-named Pemena) - Indian people of the Shoshone group in the USA (reservations in the southwest of Oklahoma), 6 thousand people. (1992). Believers are Protestants.

KOMI(outdated name - Zyryans) - the people, the indigenous population of the Komi Republic (292 thousand people), in total there are 336 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). Komi-Zyryan language. Believers are Orthodox.

KOMI- PERMYAKI— people in the Russian Federation (147 thousand people, 1992), incl. in the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug 95 thousand people. Komi-Permyak language. Believers are Orthodox.

CONGO(Bakongo) - the people of the Bantu group, in the Congo (7.83 million people) and Angola (1.3 million people). They also live in Uganda, Gabon, etc. The total number is 9.2 million people. (1987). Congo language. Believers are mostly Christians (Catholics, some Protestants); there are adherents of traditional and syncretic cults.

COPTS- an ethno-confessional group of Egyptian Arabs who profess Christianity (mostly Monophysites, there are Unites and Protestants). They live mainly in the cities of Upper Egypt, also in other countries of the Middle East; over 4 million people (1992). Then the Ki pre-Arab population of Egypt.

KORDOFANPEOPLES- a group of peoples (Kalib, Tegali, Tagoi, Kadugli-Krongo, etc.) in Sudan (Kordofan Plateau), 600 thousand people. (1992). Kordofanian languages. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

KOREANS(self-named - Cho Son Saram) - people, the main population of the DPRK (22.5 million people) and the Republic of Korea (44 million people). Total population 70.2 million people (1992). In the Russian Federation there are 107 thousand people, Uzbekistan 183 thousand people, Kazakhstan 103.3 thousand people. (1992). Language is Korean. Believers are Buddhists, Confucians, and there are Christians (Presbyterians).

CORSICANS- people, the main population of the island. Corsica, 300 thousand people. (1992). They speak dialects Italian language and in French. Believers are Catholics.

KORYAKS— people, indigenous population of the Koryak Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Federation (7 thousand people). They also live in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Magadan Region. Total number 9 thousand people. (1992). Koryak language. Believers are Orthodox.

SPIT(AmaXhosa, Southern Zulu, Kaffirs) - the people of the Bantu group in South Africa; 7.39 million people (1992). Xhosa language. Believers are Christians.

COSTARICANS- people, the main population of Costa Rica (over 2.94 million people). Total population: 2.98 million people. (1992). Mainly descendants of immigrants from Spain, some are mestizos, blacks and mules. They speak mostly Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics, blacks and mulattoes are Protestants.

KPELLE(Kpese, Gerze, Pessi) - people in Liberia (600 thousand people, 1992) and Guinea (280 thousand people). Language of the Mande group. They adhere to traditional beliefs, some are Sunni Muslims, Christians and adherents of syncretic cults.

KRI- people of the Algonquin group in Canada (provinces of Ontario, Money Toba, Saskatchewan, Alberta), 70 thousand people. (1992). Believers are Catholics and Protestants (Anglicans).

SCREAMING- Indian people of the Muscogee group in the USA, 26 thousand people. (1992). Believers are Protestants.

CRIMEANTATARS- people in Ukraine (Crimea, Kherson region), as well as in Uzbekistan, the Russian Federation (Krasnodar and Stavropol territories). OK. 272 thousand people (1992), Crimean Tatar language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

KRYMCHAK- people in Crimea (Ukraine, 679 people, 1992) and the Russian Federation (approx. 330 people, mainly on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus). They speak a dialect of the Crimean Tatar language. Believers are Judaists.

KUBACHINS(self-named - urbugan) - people in the Russian Federation (4 thousand, people, 1992), incl. in Dagestan (2 thousand people). Dargin language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

CUBANS- people, the main population of Cuba (over 10.6 million people). The total number is 11.7 million people. (1992). They speak the Cuban variety of Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

KUMYKS- people in Dagestan (232 thousand people). In total there are 282 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). Kumyk language. The believers are Sunni Muslims.

KUNA(self-named - Thule) - Indian people of the Chibcha group in Panama, St. 50 thousand people (1992). Believers are Christians (Catholics and Protestants).

KURDS(self-named Kurd, Kurmanj) - people in Turkey (over 7.5 million people), Iran (about 5.6 million people), Iraq (mainly the Kurdish Autonomous Region, 3.7 million . people), Syria (over 745 thousand people, 1992) and in other countries. The total number is 18 million people. (1992). The language is Kurdish. The believers are mostly Sunni Muslims; there are adherents of syncretic cults (Yazidis, etc.).

KHASI- people in India (Meghalaya state) and neighboring areas of Bang Ladesh. Total number 860 thousand people, incl. in India there are 770 thousand people. (1992). Khasi language. Believers are about half Protestant Christians, the rest are Hindus and adherents of traditional beliefs.

KHMER(self-name - Khmer, Khmae) - people, the main population of Cambodia (8.6 million people). They also live in Vietnam, Thailand and other countries. Total population 10.35 million people. (1992). Khmer language. Believers are Buddhists.

KHMERMOUNTAIN- a group of peoples (Kui, Sui, Banar, Sedang, etc.) in Cambodia, southern Vietnam and Laos and Thailand, St. 1.6 million people (1992). Languages ​​of the Mon-Khmer group. Believers are mostly Buddhists.

KHOND(kandha, self-name - kuienja) - people in India (state of Orisa), 920 thousand people. (1992). Language of the Dravidian family. They adhere to traditional beliefs.

LACKS(Lakis, Kazikumukhs) - people in Dagestan (92 thousand people). In total there are 106 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). Lak language. The believers are Sunni Muslims.

LAO(Laotians) - people, the main population of Laos (2.95 million people). They also live in the north and northeast of Thailand (15 million people) and in other countries of Indochina. The total number is 18 million people. (1992). The language is Laotian. Believers are Buddhists.

LATVIANS(self-named Latvieshi) - people, the main population of Latvia (1.39 million people, 1992). There are 47 thousand people in the Russian Federation. The total number is 1.54 million people. (1992). Language Latvian. The believers are mostly Protestants, some are Catholics.

LEVANTINES- an ethnographic group consisting of Lebanese and Syrian Arabs, descendants of European settlers from the era of the Crusades who mixed with the local population. Language is Arabic.

LEZGINS(self-named Lezgiar) - a people in Dagestan (204 thousand people) and Azerbaijan (171 thousand people). There are 257 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). Lezgin language. Believers are Sunni Muslims and some are Shiites.

LENKA(self-named) - Indian people of the Chibcha group in the southwest of Honduras (100 thousand people, 1992) and the north of El Salvador (10 thousand people). Language Spanish. Believers are Catholics.

LI(self-named - bark) - a people in China, the indigenous population of the island. Hainan, 860 thousand people. (1992). Is it language? They adhere to traditional beliefs.

LEBANESE(Lebanese Arabs) - people, the main population of Lebanon (2.25 million people). The total number is 2.36 million people. (1992). They speak the Syro-Lebanese dialect of Arabic. Believers are Christians (Maronites, Melkites, Greek Orthodox, etc.) and Muslims (Sunnites, Shiites).

LIBYANS(Libyan Arabs) - people, the main population of Libya (4.16 million people). Total number 4.18 million people. (1992). They speak the Libyan dialect of Arabic. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

DO YOU — ethnic group(135 people) in the Ventspils region of Latvia and in the Russian Federation (64 people, 1992). Livonian language. Believers are Christians (Lutherans).

LITHUANians(self-named - letuviai) - people, the main population of Lithuania (2.924 million people, 1992). In the Russian Federation there are 70 thousand people, in Latvia 34.6 thousand people; in the USA St. 300 thousand people Total population 3.45 million people. (1992). Language Lithuanian. Believers are mostly Catholics.

LIECHTENSTEINS- people, the main population of Liechtenstein, approx. 30 thousand people (1993). Language is German. The majority of believers are Catholics.

LOZI(Balozi, Rotse, Barotse) - people in Zambia, 850 thousand people. (1992). They also live in Botswana (10 thousand people). They adhere to traditional beliefs; there are Christians who are adherents of syncretic cults.

LUBA(Baluba) - people in the Congo (7.1 million people). They also live in northern Zambia, Tanzania and Rwanda. Total population: 7.15 million people. (1992). Luba tongue. Believers are mostly Catholics, there are non-Sunni Muslims and adherents of traditional beliefs.

LUSIAN(Lusatian Serbs, Sorbs, Vends) - people in Germany, 100 thousand people. (1992). Lusatian language. The believers are mostly Lutherans, with some Catholics.

LUNDA(Balunda) - people in the Congo, Zambia and Angola; 1.03 million people (1992). Believers are mostly Christians; some retain traditional beliefs.

LUO- 1) a group of peoples in Africa. They are divided into northern Luo (Shilluk, Anuak, etc.) - in the south of Sudan, and southern Luo (actually Luo, Alur, Acholi, etc.) - in Uganda, Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, etc. The languages ​​of the Sharinil branch of Nilo- Saharan languages. 2) Actually, the Luo (their name is Joluo) are the people of the Luo group in Kenya (3.25 million people) and Tanzania. The total number is 3.47 million people. (1992). They adhere to traditional beliefs, there are Christians (mostly Catholics) and Sunni Muslims.

LURY- people in Iran (2.8 million people, mainly in the historical regions of Lesser Luristan and Fars). They also live in Iraq. Total population: 2.86 million people. (1992). Language of the Iranian group. Believers are Muslims - Shiites.

LUHYA(self-named - Abaluya) - a people in Kenya (4 million people). They also live in Tanzania. Total population 4.75 million people. (1992). They adhere to traditional beliefs. There are Catholics.

LUXEMBOURGERS- people, the main population of Luxembourg. They also live in Italy, Germany and France. Total number 285 thousand people. (1992). Believers are mostly Catholics, with some Protestants.

MOORS(Mauritanians, self-name - Beydan) - people, the main population of Mauritania (1.75 million people). They also live in Western Sahara, Mali, Niger, etc. The total number is 2.46 million people. (1992). Descendants of Berbers who mixed with Arabs. They speak a dialect of Arabic (Hasaniya). Believers are Sunni Muslims.

MOORSLANKA(Larakalla) - an ethnic group in Sri Lanka (mainly in cities) - descendants from marriages of Arabs (who moved in the 7th - 12th centuries) with Sinhalese and Tamil women; 1.25 million people (1992). They speak Sinhala, Tamil and Arabic. The believers are Sunni Muslims.

MADURES- people in Indonesia (Madura Island and the eastern part of Java); 10.8 million people (1987). The language of the Indonesian branch. The believers are Sunni Muslims.

MAZENDERANS(Mazandaran) - people in Iran (Mazandaran); 2.2 million people (1992). Language of the Iranian group. The believers are non-Shiite Muslims.

MAYAN(Yucatec) are an Indian people in Mexico, Guatemala (Yucatan Peninsula) and Belize. Total 700 thousand people, incl. in Mexico there are 670 thousand people. (1992). Language of the Maya branch of the Maya-Kiche family. Believers are Catholics. The ancestors of the Mayans are the creators of one of the ancient civilizations America (associated with the Olmec culture), which existed in the territory of southeastern Mexico, Honduras, and Guatemala.

MAKASAR(self-named - Mangkasarak) - people in Indonesia (southwest of Sulawesi); 2.6 million people (1992). The language of the Indonesian branch. The believers are Sunni Muslims.

MACEDONIANS- people, the main population of Macedonia. Total population: 1.77 million people. (1992), incl. in Macedonia 1.63 million people. Language Macedonian. Believers are Orthodox, there are Sunni Muslims.

MAKUA(Wamakua) - the people of the Bantu group in Mozambique (over 6.9 million people, 1992), neighboring areas of Malawi (over 1.3 million people) and Tanzania (300 thousand people). Makua language. They retain traditional beliefs, there are Sunni Muslims and Christians (mostly Catholics).

MALAWI- a group of Bantu peoples, the main population of Malawi (over 6 million people). They also live in Mozambique, Zambia, etc. The total number is 9.35 million people. (1992). Language of Malawi. They adhere to traditional beliefs, there are Christians, Sunni Muslims and adherents of syncretic cults.

MALAGASY(Malgashes) - people, the main population of Madagascar; 12.79 million people (1992). Small groups live in Reunion, the Seychelles, Comoros, etc. The language is Malagasy. The majority retain traditional beliefs; there are Christians and Sunni Muslims.

MALAYS- an ethnic community in Malaysia (over 12.8 million people), Indonesia (mainly Kalimantan and Sumatra), Thailand, Singapore and Brunei. Total number approx. 21.3 million people (1992). Language Malay. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims.

MALAYALI- people in India, the main population of the state of Kerala. Total population: 35 million people. (1992). Malayalam language. The believers are mostly Hindus, there are Christians and Muslims.

MALDIVANS(self-named Dhivehi) - people, the main population of the Maldives, 225 thousand people. (1992). Language of the Indo-Iranian branch. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

MALTESE— people, the main population of Malta (355 thousand people). Total number 490 thousand people. (1987). Language Maltese. Believers are Catholics.

MAME(self-named - mom) - Indian people in Guatemala (290 thousand people, 1992) and neighboring areas of Mexico (10 thousand people). The language of the Mayan Quiché family. Believers are mostly Catholics.

MANIPURI(Meithei) - the people of the Kukichin group in India, the main population of the state of Manipur; 1.4 million people (1992). Manipuri language. The believers are mostly Hindus, there are Christians (Protestants) and Sunni Muslims.

MUNCIE(obsolete - Voguls) - people in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (6.6 thousand people). In total there are 8.3 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1999). Mansi language. Believers are Orthodox.

MANCHURS(self-name - Manchu Nyalma) - people, indigenous population of Northeast China, 10 million people. (1992). Manchu language. Believers are Buddhists and Taoists, Confucians.

MAORI(self-named) - Polynesian people in New Zealand, 320 thousand people. (1992). The language is Maori. Believers are Christians (about Protestants and Catholics).

MARATHI(self-named Maratha) - a people in India, the main population of the state of Maharashtra; 66.5 million people (1992). Marathi language. Most of them are mostly Hindus, there are Muslims (mostly Shiites), Buddhists, and Catholics.

MARI(self-named - Mari, obsolete - Cheremis) - the people, the indigenous population of the Mari Republic (324 thousand people) and neighboring regions of the Volga region and the Urals. In total there are 644 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). Mari language. Believers are Orthodox.

MOROCCANS(Moroccan Arabs) - people, the main population of Morocco (19.4 million people). The total number is 20.35 million people. (1992). They speak a dialect of Arabic. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

MASAI(Maasai) - the people of the Nilotic group in Kenya and Tanzania, 670 thousand people. (1992). Maasai language. They adhere to traditional beliefs.

MAZATECA- Indian people in Mexico (mountainous regions of Oaxaca), 130 thousand people. (1992). Language of the Otomi-Mixteco-Zapotec family. Religion is mainly Catholic.

MASAHUA(self-named - Nyatko) - Indian people in Mexico (mountainous areas in the west of the state of Mexico and the east of the state of Michoacan), 120 thousand people. (1992). Language of the Otomi-Mixteco-Zapotec family. Religion is mainly Catholic.

MATABELE(Matebele, self-name - amandebele) - people in Zimbabwe; 1.65 million people (1992) and South Africa (910 thousand people). Xin-Debele language. They adhere to traditional beliefs, and there are Christians.

MEXICANS- people, the main population of Mexico (78 million people. 1992) and neighboring areas of the USA (13 million people); mostly mestizos. Language Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

MELANESIANS- a group of peoples (the largest are Fijians, Kanaks, etc.), the indigenous population of Melanesia; 1.7 million people (1992). Melanesian languages. Believers are Protestants, Catholics, and there are adherents of traditional beliefs.

MENDE- people in the east of Sierra Leone (about 1.32 million people, 1987) and the border regions of Liberia (over 10 thousand people). Language of the Mande group. The majority adhere to traditional beliefs; there are Sunni and Protestant Muslims.

MENOMINEE(self-named) - Indian people of the Algonquin group in the USA (reservation in Wisconsin, about half in cities), St. 43 thousand people (1987). Catholic by religion.

MI'KMAKI- Indian people of the Algonquin group in Canada (reservations in the provinces of Quebec, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island), 12.5 thousand people. (1987). Believers are Protestants and Catholics.

MICRONESIANS- a group of peoples (Kiribati, Truk, Marshallese, etc.), the indigenous population of Micronesia; 220 thousand people (1992). Micronesian languages. Believers - Catholics, Protestants, adhere to traditional beliefs.

MINANGKABAU(self-named) - a people in Indonesia (6.98 million people, mainly in the west of Sumatra). Total number 7 million people. (1992). The language of the Indonesian branch. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

MISKITO(mosquito) - Indian people in Nicaragua (150 thousand people, 4992) and Honduras (10 thousand people). Language of the Miskito-Matagalpa family. Believers are Christians (mostly Moravian brothers).

MISHTEQ- Indian people in Mexico (mainly in the north and west of the state of Oaxaca). 260 thousand people (1992). Language of the Otomi-Mixteco-Zapotec family. Believers are Catholics.

MOHICANS- Indian people of the Algonquin group in the United States (several hundred people on the Stockbridge reservation, Wisconsin).

MOGHALS- people in northern Afghanistan, 20 thousand people. (1992). Descendants of the Mongol conquerors of the 13th century who mixed with the local population. Language of the Mongolian group. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

MOKSHA- ethnographic group of Mordovians. The language is Moksha.

MOLDAVANS(self-named Moldoven) - the people, the main population of Moldova (2.8 million people). They also live in Ukraine (324.5 thousand people), in the Russian Federation (172.7 thousand people, 1992). Total population 3.35 million people. The language is Moldovan. Believers are Orthodox.

MONGO(Mongo-Ikundo) - people in Zaire. Population 4.75 million people. (1992). By religion, some are Catholics, the rest adhere to traditional beliefs.

MONGOLS(Khalkha Mongols) - people, the main population of Mongolia; 1.64 million people (1992). The language is Mongolian. They also live in China (Chinese Mongols; 5.24 million people). Believers are Buddhists.

MONTAGNIER-NASCAPI- Indian people of the Algonquin group in Canada (provinces of Quebec and Newfoundland), 15 thousand people. (1992). They retain traditional beliefs, there are Christians (Catholics and Anglicans).

MONS(Talain) - people in the south of Myanmar and southwest Thailand, 820 thousand people. (1992). Language of the Mon-Khmer group. Believers are Buddhists.

MOUNTAIN MONS- a group of peoples in the north of Indochina (Pala-ung, Wa, Banar, Mang. Sedang, etc.); 4.4 million people (1992). Mon-Khmer languages.

MORDVA (Mordovians) are the people, the indigenous population of Mordovia (313 thousand people). The population in the Russian Federation is 1.073 million people. (1992). Total population: 1.15 million people. They are divided into ethnographic groups Erzya and Moksha, Karataev and Teryukhan. Mordovian languages. Believers are Orthodox.

MORO- a group of peoples (Sulu, Samal, Maguindanao, Maranao, Yakan, etc.) in the south of the Philippines; 1.97 million people (1992). Languages ​​of the Indonesian group. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

MORU-MANGBETU- a group of peoples (Moru, Mal and Logo, Lendu, Mangbetu, etc.) in Zaire (1.25 million people, 1992) and Uganda (950 thousand people). Total population 2.35 million people. The language of the Shari-Nile branch of the Nilo-Saharan family. They adhere mainly to traditional beliefs.

MOSI(Mossi) - people in Burkina Faso (4.9 million people, 1992), Ghana (2.5 million people) and Cote d'Ivoire (150 thousand people). Total number 7.6 million people Language of the Gur subfamily Most adhere to traditional beliefs, some are Sunni Muslims.

MUNDA(self-named - Khoroko) - the people of the Munda group in India (mainly the state of Bihar); 2.03 million people (1992). OK. 20 thousand people They also live in Bangladesh. Mundari language. They adhere to traditional beliefs, there are Hindus and Christians.

MUSKOGEE- Indian people in the USA, 8 thousand people. (1992). Muskogean language. Believers are Protestants.

MYANMAR(Burmese) - people, the main population of Myanmar (30 million people). They also live in India, Cambodia, Laos, etc. The total number is 30.28 million people. (1987). Language Burmese. Believers are mostly Buddhists.

MNA(Meo, self-name - Hmong) - people in southern China, northern Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand; 8.53 million people, incl. in China 7.65 million people. (1992). Language of the Miao-Yao group. They adhere to traditional beliefs.

NAVAJO(self-named Dene) - Indian people of the Athapas-KBV group in the USA, 170 thousand people. (1987). Believers are Christians; there are followers of syncretic cults.

NAGA is a group of peoples (Ao. Sema, Angama, etc.) in India, the main population of the state of Nagaland. They also live in the states of Manipur and Assam and neighboring areas of Myanmar. Total number 1.12 thousand people. (1992). Naga language. By religion, some are Christians, the rest adhere to traditional beliefs.

NAGAIBAKI- an ethnographic group of Tatars, descendants of those baptized in the 16th century. Nogais. They live in Bashkiria and the Chelyabinsk region (Russian Federation). Number of people: 6 thousand people. (1992). The language is Tatar. Believers are Orthodox.

NAMBIKWARA- Indian peoples of the group in Brazil (in the north of the state of Mato Grosso), 8 thousand people. (1987). They adhere to traditional beliefs.

NANAITS ( self-described - nani, outdated. name - Golds) - people, mainly in the Khabarovsk Territory (Russian Federation), 12 thousand people. (1992). The total number is 17 thousand people. The language is Nanai.

NGANASANY(self-designated - nya) - people in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Russian Federation); 1.3 thousand people (1992). Nganasan language. The believers are Orthodox, some adhere to traditional beliefs.

NGONI(Angoni. Mombera, Mgwangara) - people in Malawi. Tanzania, Zambia, etc. (1.4 million people, 1992). Ngoni language. They adhere to traditional beliefs, some are Christians. NEVARS are a people in Nepal (900 thousand people. 1992), some in India (10 thousand people). Nswari language. By religion - Hindus and Buddhists, some adhere to traditional beliefs. NEGIDALTS (self-named - Elkan Beyenin, obsolete - Orochons, Gilyaks) - a people in the Khabarovsk Territory (Russian Federation). 587 people (1992). The language is Negidal. They adhere to traditional beliefs.

GERMANS- people, the main population of Germany (over 74.6 million people). Total number 86.0 million people. (1992), incl. in the Russian Federation 843 thousand people, in Kazakhstan 958 thousand people. (1992). Language is German. Believers are Protestants (mainly Lutherans) and Catholics.

NENETS(self-named - Khasova, obsolete - Samoyeds, Yuraks) - people in the Arkhangelsk and Tyumen regions, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Russian Federation). Total number 34 thousand people. (1992). The language is Nenets. The believers are Orthodox, some adhere to traditional beliefs.

NEPALIS(Khas, self-name - Nepali) - people, the main population of Nepal (11.3 million people. 1992). They also live in India (2.1 million people). Language Nepali. The believers are Hindus.

NIVKHI(self-named - Nivkh, obsolete -^ Gilyaks) - people in the Russian Federation^ indigenous population of the lower reaches of the river. Amur (Khabarovsk Territory) and about. Sakhalin; 4.6 thousand people (1992). Nivkh language. Believers are Orthodox, there are traditional beliefs.

NICARAGUAANS- people, the main population of Nicaragua (3.5 million people). Total population 3.6 million people. (1992). Mostly mestizos and creoles. Language Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics, some are Protestants (mainly in the east of the country).

NILOTS- a group of peoples (Yayinka, Nuer, Southern Luo, Bari, Lotu-ko, Maasai, Naydi, Pokot, etc.) in East Africa; 20.25 million people (1987). Nilotic languages.

NOGAI(self-designated - Nogai) - people in the Russian Federation, mainly in the Stavropol Territory, in Dagestan, as well as in Karachay-Cherkessia, Chechnya and Ingushetia; 75.2 thousand people (1992). Nogai language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

NORSE- people, the main population of Norway (4.15 million people). Total number 5 million people. (1992). Language is Norwegian. The believers are mostly Lutherans, with some Catholics.

NUBIANS(self-named Nuba) - a people in the south of Egypt (350 thousand people. 1992) and the north of Sudan (2.2 million people), the indigenous population of Nubia. The language is Nubian. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

NUPE(self-named - Nupensisi) - people in Nigeria; 1.5 million people, (1992). Language of the Kwa group. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims.

NURISTANI(kafirs) - a group of related tribes (Kati, Weigali, Ashkuni, Prasun) in the northeast of Afghanistan (150 thousand people, 1992) and in neighboring areas of Pakistan (10 thousand people). Nuristani languages. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

NOOTKA- Indian people of the Wakash group in Canada (the coast of Vancouver Island), partly in the USA (Washington State). Total number 2 thousand people. (1992). Believers are Christians.

NUER(self-named - Naas) - the people of the Nilotes group in the south of Sudan (1.6 million people. 1992) and in neighboring areas of Ethiopia (100 thousand people). Nuer language. They adhere to traditional beliefs.

NYAMWEZI(self-named - Vanyamvszi) - people in Tanzania. The population, together with related sukuma and nyaturu, is 4.5 million people. (1992). They adhere to traditional beliefs, there are Sunni Muslims and Christians (mainly Catholics).

NYANKOLE(Hima) - a Bantu people in Uganda; 1.5 million people (1992). They adhere to traditional beliefs, and there are Christians.

OVAMBO(ambo) - the people of the Bantu group in Namibia (750 thousand people. 1992) and Angola (240 thousand people). Believers are Christians (mostly Lutherans).

OVIMBUNDU(Mbundu) - the people of the Bantu group in Angola; 3.7 million people (1992). Believers are Catholics and Protestants, some retain traditional beliefs.

OJIBWE(Chippewa) - Indian people of the Algonquin group in the USA (10 thousand people, 1992) and Canada (20 thousand people). Believers are mostly Catholics.

OIRATS- a group of Western Mongolian peoples (Derbets, Bayats, Torguts, Olets, Zakhchins, etc.). The population in Mongolia is 145 thousand people. (1992), in China there are 25 thousand people. Oirat language. Believers are Buddhists.

OMANIS(Arabs of Oman) - the people, the main population of Oman. Population 1.5 million people. (1992). They also live in Kuwait (100 thousand people). Language is Arabic. Believers are Muslims (Kharij-Ibalites, Sunnis, adherents of Wahhabism).

ORAONS(self-named - Kurukh) - people in India (2 million people, 1992). Over 10 thousand people lives in Bangladesh. Language of the Dravidian family. Most believers adhere to traditional beliefs, some are Christians.

ORIA(Utkali) - a people in India, the main population of the state of Orissa (32.2 million people. 1992). OK. 50 thousand people live in Bangladesh. Oriya language. The believers are Hindus.

OROCKS(self-named - ulta, ulcha) - people in the Russian Federation (on Sakhalin Island): 0.2 thousand people. (1992). Orok language. Believers are Orthodox.

OROMO(Galla) are the people of the Cushite group in Ethiopia (20.3 million people, 1992) and neighboring areas of Kenya (over 200 thousand people), Eritrea and Sudan. The total number is 20.6 million people. (1992). Oromo language. Believers are mainly Sunni Muslims, there are Christians (Monophysites, Lutherans, Catholics).

OROCHI ( self-described - Orochisel) - people in the Russian Federation (Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories), 883 thousand people. (1992). Oroch language. The believers are Orthodox, some adhere to traditional beliefs.

OSSETINS(self-named - Iron, Digoron) - people in the Russian Federation (402.6 thousand people, including 335 thousand people in North Ossetia) and Georgia (164 thousand people, including in South Ossetia 65 thousand people, 1992). Total number 598 thousand people. (1992). The language is Ossetian. Believers are mostly Orthodox, with some Sunni Muslims.

OTOMI(self-named - nian niu) - Indian people in Mexico (300 thousand people, 1992). Language of the Otomi-Mixteco-Zapote family. Believers are mostly Catholics, with some Protestants.

PALESTINIAN ARAB(Palestinians) - the people, the indigenous population of Palestine. Total population: 5.5 million people. (1992): in Israel St. 826 thousand people, on the West Bank of the river. Jordan 973 thousand people, Gaza Strip St. 645 thousand people, in Jordan 2.23 million people, as well as refugees in a number of countries. Language is Arabic. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims.

PAMIR PEOPLES(Pamir Tajiks, Pamirs) - ethnographic groups of Tajiks in Tajikistan (Yazgulsmiy, Rushans, Bartangs, Shugnans, Ishkaishmians, Wakhans). Afghanistan (Mundzhans, Zsbashs, etc.), Pakistan (Yidga and Mundzhans) and China (Sarykolysh and Vakhanis). Number of people: 300 thousand people. (1992). Pamir languages. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

PAMPANGANA- people in the Philippines (central and southwestern parts of Luzon), 2 million people. (1992). The language of the Indonesian branch. Believers are mostly Catholics.

PANAMANIANS- people, the main population of Panama (approx. 2.23 million people). Total population: 2.3 million people. (1992). Mostly mestizos and mulattoes. Language Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

PANGASINAN- people in the Philippines (Pangasinan province, Luzon island); 1.45 million people (1992). The language of the Indonesian branch. Believers are mostly Catholics.

PUNJABI(Punjabis) are a people in Pakistan (Punjab province, 82 million people, 1992) and India (Punjab state). Total number approx. 90 million people Punjabi. The Punjabi believers of India are mostly Hindus, while those of Pakistan are mostly Sunni Muslims.

ANSP- a group of Indian peoples of the upper Amazon (Guaycuru, Chama, Cashinahua, Chacobo, etc.). They live in the east of Peru (30 thousand people, 1992), the west of Brazil (up to 1 thousand people) and the north of Bolivia (1 thousand people). Pano languages. They adhere to traditional beliefs.

PAPUANS- a group of peoples, the indigenous population of Western Melanesia (Enga, Chimbu, Hagen, Kamano, Huli, etc.); 4.8 million people (1992). They speak Papuan languages. First studied by N.N. Miklouho-Maclay.

PARAGUAYANS- people, the main population of Paraguay (4.12 million people). Total population 4.5 million people. (1992). Mostly mestizos. They speak Spanish and Guarani. Believers are Catholics.

PLOWERS- a group of peoples in the north-west of India (Kumaoni, Garkhwali, etc.), 3 million people. (1992). Language of the Indian group. The believers are mostly Hindus.

PEDI(Bapsdi, Northern Sutho) are a Bantu people of South Africa and neighboring areas of Zimbabwe and Botswana. Population 2.85 million people. (1987), incl. in South Africa approx. 2.76 million people They adhere to traditional beliefs, some are Christians (Protestants).

PENUTI- a group of Indian peoples (Tsimshians, Sahaptins, etc.) in the western USA (10 thousand people. 1992). Penuti language. They adhere to traditional beliefs.

PERSIANS(Farsi, self-name - Irani) - people in Iran (21.3 million people). The total number of St. 21.9 million people (1987). Language Persian. By religion they are Shiite Muslims.

PERUANS- people, the main population of Peru (approx. 13.7 million people). The total number is 13.82 million people. (1992). Mostly mestizos and mulattoes. Languages ​​Spanish and Quechua. Believers are mostly Catholics.

PIPIL(self-named - Macehual) - Indian people in El Salvador. 155 thousand people (1992). Language of the Azteco-Tanoan family. By religion - Catholics.

POLYNESIANS- a group of peoples (Maori, Samoans, Tongans, Tahitians, etc.), the indigenous population of Polynesia; 1.12 million people (1992). Polynesian languages. Believers are Catholics, some adhere to traditional beliefs.

POLES- people, the main population of Poland (over 37.75 million people). Total number 44.2 million people. (1992), incl. in the Russian Federation 94.6 thousand people, in Ukraine 219.2 thousand people, in Lithuania 258 thousand people, Belarus 417.7 thousand people. Language: Polish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

PORTUGUESE- people, the main population of Portugal (9.8 million people). The total number is 13.44 million people. (1992). Language is Portuguese. Believers are mostly Catholics.

PUEBLO- a group of Indian peoples (Hopi, Zuni, Keres, Tano) in the southwestern United States (New Mexico and Arizona), 32 thousand people. (1987). Languages ​​of the Uto-Aztecan family, the XRSS language is close to the Jocaltec languages.

PUER RICANS- the people, the main population of Puerto Rico; 3.55 million people (1992). They also live in the USA (2.22 million people). Mainly Creoles, mulattoes and blacks. They speak a local variety of Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

RAJASTHANIANS- people in India, the main population of the state of Rajasthan (19.9 million people, 1992). They also live in Pakistan (400 thousand people). Language of the Indo-Iranian group. The believers are mostly Hindus.

RAHATOMANS- a group of peoples in Italy (Ladins and Friuls, 740 thousand people, 1992) and Switzerland (Romanchi, 60 thousand people). The language is Romansh. Believers are Catholics and Protestants.

REUNION CREOLES- people, the main population of Reunion (400 thousand people.. 1992). The language is creolized French. Believers are Catholics.

REEFS- people in Morocco. Population 1.25 million people. (1992). Language Riff. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

RWANDA(Nyarwanda, Banyarwanda) - the people of the Bantu group, the main population of Rwanda (7.1 million people). They also live in Zaire (over 3.9 million people), Uganda (1.1 million people), etc. The total number is 12.35 million people. (1992). Believers are mostly Catholics, some adhere to traditional beliefs.

ROMANIANS- people, the main population of Romania (20.66 million people). Total population: 21 million people. (1992), incl. in the Russian Federation approx. 6 thousand people Language is Romanian. Believers are mostly Orthodox.

RUNDI(self-name - Barundi) - people of the Bantu group, mainly. population of Burundi (4.5 million people). They also live in Zaire, Uganda and Rwanda. Total number 8 million people. (1992). Some of them reject traditional beliefs, some are Christians (mostly Catholics).

RUSSIANS— people, the main population of the Russian Federation (over 119.87 million people). In Ukraine 11.35 million people, in Kazakhstan 6.23 million people, Uzbekistan 1.65 million people, Belarus 1.34 million people, Kyrgyzstan 916.6 thousand people, Latvia 905.5 thousand people, Moldova 562 thousand people, Estonia 474.8 thousand people, Azerbaijan 392.3 thousand people, Tajikistan 388.5 thousand people, Lithuania 344.5 thousand people, Georgia 341, 2 thousand people, Turkmenistan 333.9 thousand people, Armenia 51.5 thousand people. (1989). They also live in American countries (mainly the USA) and Western Europe. Total population 146.5 million people. (1992). Russian language. Believers are mostly Orthodox.

RUTULYDS(self-named - mykh abdyr) - people in Dagestan (Rutulsky and Akhtynsky districts) and Azerbaijan (Nukhinsky district), 20 thousand people. (1992). Rutulian language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

SAMI(Lapps) are the people of the northern regions of Norway (30 thousand people, 1992), Sweden (15 thousand people), Finland (5 thousand people) and the Russian Federation (2 thousand people). Sami language. Sami believers in the Russian Federation are Orthodox, in Scandinavia they are Lutherans).

SALARS(self-named - salyr) - people in China (mainly in Qinghai province), 90 thousand people. (1992). Salar language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

SALVADORANS- people, the main population of El Salvador (over 4.84 million people). Total population 5.3 million people. (1992). Language Spanish. Believers are Catholics.

SAMOANS- Polynesian people, the main population of the Samoan Islands (190 thousand people). They also live in New Zealand, Australia, etc. The total population is 335 thousand people. (1992). Believers are mostly Protestants.

SANTALS- people of the Munda group in India (6.2 million people, mainly in the states of Bihar and West Bengal). They also live in Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. Total population 6.3 million people. (1992). Santali language. They retain traditional beliefs, some of them are Hindus.

SALOTEKI- Indian people in Mexico (Oaxaca state), 350 thousand people. (1992). Zapotec language. Believers are Catholics.

SASAKI- people in Indonesia (Lombok Island); 1.75 million people (1992). Sasak language. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims, some retain traditional beliefs.

SAUDIANS(Arabs of Saudi Arabia) - people, the main population of Saudi Arabia (13.25 million people, 1992). They also live in Kuwait (50 thousand people). Language is Arabic. Believers are Muslims (Sunnis and Shiites).

SWAZI(self-named - Ama-Swazi. Ama-Ngwane) - the people of the Bantu group, the main population of Swaziland (660 thousand people) and neighboring regions of South Africa (1.2 million people). They also live in Mozambique. The total number is 1.87 million people. (1992). Swazi language. They retain traditional beliefs, some are Baptists.

SEYCHELLAS(Creoles of the Seychelles) - people, the main population of the Republic Seychelles. Number of people: 65 thousand people. (1992). Kriol language. Believers - Catholics, Anglicans.

SECKLERS(Székelys) - an ethnographic group of Hungarians in Transylvania (Romania); 1.7 million people (1987).

SELISH- a group of Indian peoples in southwestern Canada and northwestern United States. St. 20 thousand people (1992). Slish languages. Believers are Christians.

SELKUPY(outdated name - Ostyak-Samoyeds) - people in the Russian Federation, Tyumen and Tomsk regions and Krasnoyarsk Territory; 3.6 thousand people (1992). Selkup language. Believers are Orthodox.

SEMANGI- a group of Negrito peoples (Msnik, Mendi, etc.) in Malaysia and Thailand, ca. 8 thousand people (1992). Semang language. Preserve traditional beliefs.

SEMINOLE- Indian people of the Muskogee group in the states of Oklahoma and Florida (USA), St. 4 thousand people (1992). Christians.

SENOI- a group of peoples (Semai, Timiar, Besisi, etc.) in Malaysia and Thailand, ca. 40 thousand people (1992). Languages ​​of the Malaccan group of the Austroasiatic family. They retain traditional beliefs, there are Sunni Muslims.

Saint Vincentians- people, the main population of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (105 thousand people. 1992). Language is a local dialect of English. The believers are Anglicans. Methodists, some are Catholics, there are adherents of traditional beliefs.

SAINTLUCIANS- people, the main population of Saint Lucia (135 thousand people. 1992). Language is a local dialect of English. Believers are Catholics, some are Protestants, adherents of traditional beliefs.

SENUFO- people in Mali. Burkina Faso and Cote d'Ivoire; 3.8 million people (1992). Senufo language. They retain traditional beliefs, there are Sunni Muslims.

SERBIANS(self-named Srbi) - the people, the main population of Serbia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The total number is 10.16 million people, incl. in Serbia St. 6.7 million people (1992). Language Serbo-Croatian. Serbian believers are Orthodox, there are Catholics and Protestants, and Sunni Muslims.

SERER- people in Senegal (1.32 million people, 1992) and Gambia (over 10 thousand people). Language serr. Preserve traditional beliefs.

SETU- an ethnographic group of Estonians in the southeast of Estonia and in the Pechersky district of the Pskov region. Believers are Orthodox.

SEPHARDI- a subethnic group of Jews who use the Ladino (Ssfardic) language, which is close to Spanish. Descendants of immigrants from the Iberian Peninsula live in the countries of North Africa, Asia Minor, the Balkan Peninsula, and Israel.

SIAMESE(Khontai) - the people of the Thai group, the main population of Thailand (29.5 million people). The total number is 29.7 million people. (1992). The language is Siamese. Buddhists.

SIKHI- a people who separated from the Punjabis. Total population: 16.7 million people. (1992), incl. in India there are 16.5 million people. Punjabi language. Believers are Sikhs.

SINGALS(Sinhalese) - people, the main population of the Republic of Sri Lanka (13.2 million people. 1992). Language - Sinhala. Believers are Buddhists

SINDHI- people, the main population of the Sindh province in Pakistan (16.8 million people), in the neighboring regions of India, St. 2 million people (1992). Sindhi language. Believers are Sunni Muslims; in India they are mostly Hindus.

SYRIANS(Arabs of Syria) - the people, the main population of Syria. The population in Syria is 11.75 million people. (1992). They also live in Kuwait (100 thousand people). The total number is 11.85 million people. Language is Arabic. Believers are Sunni Muslims, there are Shiites and Christians.

SNU- a group of Indian peoples (Dakota, Assiniboine, Crow, Ossge, etc.) in the USA and Canada. 70 thousand people (1992). They speak Sioux languages. Believers are Christians; there are adherents of traditional beliefs.

SLAVS- a group of peoples in Europe: eastern (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians), western (Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Lusatians), southern (Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians, Bosnians, Montenegrins). Number 293.5 million people. (1992), incl. in the Russian Federation 125.5 million people. Believers are Orthodox, Catholics, and some Protestants. They speak Slavic languages.

SLOVAKS(self-named - Slovakia) - people, the main population of Slovakia. Number of people: 5.6 million people, incl. in Slovakia approx. 4.5 million people (1992). Language Slovak. Believers are Catholics, there are Protestants and Uniates.

SLOVENES(self-name - Slovenia) - the people, the main population of Slovenia. Population 2.3 million people. (1992), of which 1.7 million people are in Slovenia. Language Slovenian. Believers are Catholics, there are Protestants and Orthodox.

SOMALIANS(Somali) - people, the main population of Somalia (6.1 million people). They also live in Ethiopia, Kenya, etc. The total number is 7.7 million people. (1992). Somali language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

SONGHAI- people in Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria and Benin; 1.6 million people (1992). Songhei language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

SONINKA- one of the Mandingo peoples in Mali, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Mauritania, Gambia; 1.37 million people (1992). Language of the Mande group. Believers are Sunni Muslims, some are Catholics.

SWAHILI(Waswahili) - the people of the Bantu group in Tanzania (2.06 million people), Mozambique, Zaire, etc. The total number is 2.4 million people. (1992). Swahili language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

SUDANESE(Arabs of Sudan) - people, the main population of Sudan (approx. 13 million people). They also live in Chad (1.29 million people) and other countries. The total number is 14.3 million people. (1992). Believers are Sunni Muslims.

SUNDAS(Sundanese, self-named Sunda) - a people in Indonesia, mainly in the west of the island. Java; 24.5 million people (1992). The language is Sundanese. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

SUSU(self-named - coco) - the people of the Mandingo group in Guinea, Sierra Leone; OK. 1.16 million people (1992). Susu language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

S.S.U.T.(Basutho) are a Bantu people, the main population of Lesotho and neighboring regions of South Africa. The number of St. 4 million people (1992), of which 2.44 million people in South Africa, 1.6 million people in Lesotho. They also live in Botswana. Suto language. Believers are Christians, some adhere to traditional beliefs.

TABASARANS- people in Dagestan (78.2 thousand people), in total in the Russian Federation 93.6 thousand people. (1992). Total number 98 thousand people. The language is Tabasaran. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

TAGAL(self-named - Tagail) - a people in the Philippines, the main population of the central and southern parts of the island. Luzon; 15.4 million people (1992). Language Tagalog. Believers are Catholics.

TAJIKS— people, the main population of Tajikistan (3.172 million people), in the Russian Federation 38.2 thousand people. (1992). Language Tajik. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims.

TAI- a group of peoples (Siamese, Zhuang, Lao, Bui, Shan, Tai, etc.) in the countries of Indochina, Southern China and Northeast India; 70 million people (1992). Languages ​​of the Thai group.

TAHITIANS- people, the main population of the island. Tahiti and other islands of the Society; 130 thousand people (1992). The Tahitian language belongs to the Polynesian group. Believers are Calvinists, some are Catholics.

THAI(bo) - people in Southern China, 1 million people. (1992). Language Thai. Believers are Buddhists.

TALYSH- people in the southeast of Azerbaijan (21.1 thousand people, 1989) and in the north of Iran (100 thousand people, 1992). Language Talysh. The believers are Shiite Muslims, some are Sunni.

TAMIL- people in India (the main population of the state of Tamil Nadu). 61 million people (1992); in the north of Sri Lanka approx. 2.8 million people They also live in Singapore and others. The total number is 64.1 million people. Language is Tamil. Believers are Hindus, there are Sunni Muslims and Christians.

TARASCANS(self-named - Purepecha) - Indian people in Mexico, 65 thousand people. (1992). Tarasco language. Believers are Catholics.

TATARS(self-named Tatars) - people, the main population of Tatarstan (1.765 million people, 1992). They also live in Bashkiria, the Mari Republic, Mordovia, Udmurtia, Chuvashia, Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Penza and other regions of the Russian Federation. Tatars are also called Turkic-speaking communities of Siberia (Siberian Tatars), Crimea (Crimean Tatars), etc. The total number is 6.71 million people, of which in the Russian Federation (without Crimean Tatars) 5.52 million people. (1992). The language is Tatar. Believing Tatars are Sunni Muslims.

TATS- people in the Russian Federation (mainly in Dagestan - 12.9 thousand people; total 19.4 thousand people, 1992) and Azerbaijan (10.2 thousand people). The language is Tat. Believers are Judaists, Sunni Muslims, Monophysite Christians.

TEKE(Bateke, self-named - Tio) - the people of the Bantu group in Zaire (1.05 million people, 1992), Congo (410 thousand people) and Gabon (about 20 thousand people). Believers are mostly Catholics, some retain traditional beliefs.

TELUGU(Andhra) - a people in India, the main population of the state of Andhra Pradesh. They also live in the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka; 74.5 million people (1992). Telugu. The believers are mostly Hindus, some are Sunni Muslims.

DARK(self-named - atemne) - people in Sierra Leone; 1.55 million people (1992). Language of the Niger-Congo branch. Most adhere to traditional beliefs.

TECO(self-named - Iteso) - the people of the Nilotes group in Uganda (1.55 million people, 1992) and neighboring areas of Kenya (270 thousand people) and Sudan (approx. 100 thousand people). Teso tongue. The majority retain traditional beliefs, some are Christians.

TIBETAN(self-named - Peba) - a people in the southwest of China (Tibet and neighboring areas; 4.75 million people). They also live in India and Bhutan. Total population 4.83 million people. (1992). The language is Tibetan. Believers are Buddhists.

TIV(self-named - Munshi) - a people in Nigeria (2.7 million people, 1992) and Cameroon (300 thousand people). Tiv language. The majority retain traditional beliefs; there are Christians and Sunni Muslims.

TIGRAI- people in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Total number 4 million people. (1992), incl. in Ethiopia 2.2 million people. Tigrayan language. The believers are mostly Monophysite Christians, with some Sunni Muslims.

TIGER- people in Eritrea (1.2 million people, 1992). Tigre tongue. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims, some are Christians.

TLINKITS(self-name - Tlingit) - Indian people in the USA (southeast of Alaska) and Canada (Yukon Territory), total approx. 1 thousand people (1992). The language of the family is Na-Dene. Believers are Christians (mostly Orthodox).

TONGA- Bantu people in Zambia and Zimbabwe; 1.65 million people (1992). The majority of believers retain traditional beliefs; there are Christians and Sunni Muslims.

TONGA— people, the main population of Tonga, 105 thousand people. (1992). They also live in Australia. Language of the Polynesian group. Believers are Christians (mostly Methodists), some are Catholics.

TORAJI- a group of peoples (Sadang, Poso, Koro, Palu, etc.) in Indonesia (the central part of Sulawesi); 1.5 million people (1992). They speak Indonesian languages. Believers are mainly Sunni Muslims and Protestant Christians.

TOTONACA- Indian people in Mexico, 200 thousand people. (1992). The language is related to the Penuti languages. Believers are Catholics.

TOFALARY(self-name - tofa, outdated name - karagasy) - people in the Nizhneudinsky district of the Irkutsk region; OK. 700 people (1992). Language of the Turkic group. Believers are Orthodox.

TSWANA(chuana. bschuan) - the people of the Bantu group, the main population of Botswana, 1 million people. (1992). They also live in neighboring areas of South Africa (about 3.7 million people), in Zimbabwe and Namibia. Setswana language. The majority retain traditional beliefs, some are Christians.

TSONGA(self-named Batsonga) - the people of the Bantu group in the south of Mozambique (3.5 million people, 1992), in neighboring regions of South Africa (1.4 million people), etc. The total number is 5.3 million people. Tsonga language. Some are Catholics, some adhere to traditional beliefs.

TUAREG(self-named - imoschag) - the people of the Berber group in Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Algeria and Libya; 1.15 million people (1992), etc. in Mali St. 610 thousand people Tuareg languages. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

Tuvans(self-named - Tuva, outdated names - Soyots, Uriankhians, Tannu-Tuvians) - people, the main population of Tuva (198.4 thousand people). In total there are 206.2 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). Total number 207 thousand people. (1992), also live in Mongolia and China. The language is Tuvan. Believers are Lamaists.

TOUCAN(Betoya) - a group of Indian peoples (Corsguaje, Cuteo, Macuna, etc.) in Colombia, Brazil. Peru and Ecuador, 51 thousand people. (1992), incl. 30 thousand people in Colombia. They speak Tucano languages. Most believers retain traditional beliefs; there are Christians.

TULU- people in India, mainly in the west of the state of Tamil Nadu; 1.9 million people (1992). Language of the Dravidian family. The believers are Hindus.

TUNISTS(Arabs of Tunisia) - people, the main population of Tunisia (8.2 million people). Total number 8.6 million people. (1992). Language is Arabic. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims.

TUPI-GUARANI- a group of Indian peoples (Guarani, Caingua, Guayaki, Tupinamba, Munduruku, Siriono, etc.) in Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Guyana, etc., ISO thousand people. (1992). Tupi-Guarani languages. Believers adhere to traditional beliefs.

TURKS(self-named Turk) - the people, the main population of Turkey (50 million people). Total population 53.3 million people (1992). Language: Turkish. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

TURKMEN(self-named Turkmen) - the people, the main population of Turkmenistan (2.537 million people, 1992). They also live in Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey and other countries. Total population: 4.6 million people. Language Turkmen. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

TUJIA(self-named - biseka) - people in China (Hunan and Hubei provinces); 5.9 million people (1992). Language of the Sino-Tibetan family.

TYAMY(Chams, Tyams) - people in Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand, 290 thousand people. (1992). Language of the Indonesian group. Believers are mainly Hindu, but there are Sunni Muslims in Cambodia.

UGR- a general name for peoples related in language - the Trans-Ural Mansi and Khanty, the Danube Hungarians (Magyars). They speak Ugric languages ​​of the Finno-Ugric group.

UDINS(self-named - Udi) - people in Azerbaijan (6.1 thousand people). Total number 8 thousand people. (1992). In the Russian Federation there are 1 thousand people. The language is Udin. Udin believers are Christians (Monofisites and Orthodox).

UDMURTS(self-name - Udmurt, outdated name - Votyak) - people, indigenous population of Udmurtia (497 thousand people). Total number 747 thousand people. (1992). The language is Udmurt. Believers are Orthodox.

UDEGE(self-named - udee, udekhe) - people in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories of the Russian Federation (2 thousand people, 1992). The language is Udege.

UZBEKS(self-named Uzbek) - people, the main population of Uzbekistan (14.145 million people, 1992). They also live in Afghanistan (over 1.7 million people), Tajikistan (about 1.2 million people). Kazakhstan (332 thousand people), etc. The total number is 18.5 million people. Language Uzbek. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

UYGURS(self-named Uyghur) - a people in China (7.5 million people, 1992). They also live in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, etc. The total number is 7.77 million people. The language is Uyghur. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

UKRAINIANS— people, the main population of Ukraine (37.42 million people). In the Russian Federation 4362.8 thousand people, Kazakhstan 896.2 thousand people, Moldova 600.3 thousand people, Belarus 291 thousand people, Uzbekistan 153.2 thousand people, Kyrgyzstan 108 thousand people ., Latvia 92.1 thousand people; in Canada 530 thousand people, USA 500 thousand people. Poland 300 thousand people, Argentina 100 thousand people. Total population 46 million people. (1992). The language is Ukrainian. Believers are Orthodox, part of the Uniate.

ULCHI(self-named - Nani) - people in the Khabarovsk Territory of the Russian Federation (3.2 thousand people, 1992). Ulch language. Believers are mostly Orthodox.

URUGUAYANS- people, the main population of Uruguay (2.7 million people). Total population: 2.83 million people. (1992). Language Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

WELSH(Welsh) - people in Great Britain, the main population of Wales (880 thousand people). They also live in the USA, Canada, etc. The total number is 1 million people. (1992). The language is Welsh. The believers are mostly Anglicans.

FANG(Pangwe, Pahuin) - a group of Bantu peoples (actually Fang, Yaounde, Mwele, etc.) in Cameroon (2.53 million people), Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. Total population 3.25 million people. (1992). Mostly they retain traditional beliefs; there are Christians.

Faroese- people, the main population of the Faroe Islands (40 thousand people, 1992). Faroese language. Believers are Lutherans.

Fijians- people, indigenous population of the Fiji Islands (340 thousand people, 1992). The language is Fijian. Believers are Protestants.

FINNS(self-named - Suomalayset) - people, the main population of Finland (4.65 million people). Total population 5.43 million people. (1992), incl. in the Russian Federation 47.1 thousand people. (1989). Language Finnish. Believers are Protestants (Lutherans).

FLEMINGS- people in the north of Belgium (over 5.1 million people, 1992), in the Netherlands (1.72 million people), in other countries (about 250 thousand people). The language is Flemish. Believers are Catholics.

FRANCO CANADIANS- people in Canada (province of Quebec, part of the provinces of Ontario and New Brunswick; 7.2 million people, 1992). They also live in the USA (over 2 million people). They speak Canadian French. Believers are mostly Catholics.

FRENCH PEOPLE- the people, the main population of France. OK. 47 million people (1992). Language French. Believers are Catholics.

FRIULS(self-named - Furlans) - people in Italy. Number of people: 720 thousand people. (1992). The language is Romansh. Believers are Catholics.

FULNI(Afuli, Fulani, Pel) are a people in Nigeria. Guinea. Senegal. Mali, Niger, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Benin, Guinea-Bissau, etc. Total 22.7 million people. (1992). incl. There are 14 million people in Nigeria. Fula language. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims.

HAZAREAS(self-named Khazars) - a people in Afghanistan (1.7 million people, 1992) and Iran (220 thousand people). Language of the Iranian group. Believers are Shiite Muslims.

KHAKASS(self-name - Khakass, outdated name - Abakan or Minusinsk Tatars) - people in Khakassia (62.9 thousand people), a total of 79 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1989). Khakass language. Believers are Orthodox, traditional beliefs are preserved.

KHALKHA(Khalkhas) - the people of the Mongols of modern Mongolia.

HANI- a group of peoples in China (over 1.3 million people) and the countries of Indochina. Total population 1.48 million people. (1992). The languages ​​are Lolo-Burmese.

KHANTY(self-named - Khante, outdated name - Ostyaks) - people in the Khanty-Mansiysk (11.9 thousand people) and Yamalo-Nenets (7.2 thousand people) autonomous okrugs and the Tomsk region. In total there are 22.3 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1989). Khanty language. Believers are Orthodox.

HAUSA- people in Nigeria (26 million people). Niger (4.3 million people), etc. The total number is 30.8 million people. (1992). Hausa language. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims.

HIBARO(Shuara) - a group of Indian peoples in Peru (40 thousand people, 1992) and Ecuador (35 thousand people). Languages ​​of the Ando-equatorial macrofamily. Believers are Catholics.

HINDUSTANI(Hindustani) is an ethnic community, the main population of India (over 245 million people, 1992). St. 656 thousand people. outside India. Consist of many local groups. Hindi. The believers are mostly Hindus. some adhere to traditional beliefs.

XO- the people of the Munda group in India (Bihar state); 1.2 million people (1992). The believers are mostly Hindus.

HOKA- a group of Indian peoples in the USA (California) and Mexico. Total approx. 70 thousand people (1992). The languages ​​are Jocaltec. They adhere to traditional beliefs.

CROATians- people, the main population of Croatia (3.8 million people). They also live in Serbia (200 thousand people). Bosnia and Herzegovina (830 thousand people). Total population 5.65 million people. (1992). The language is Croatian-Serbian. Believers are mostly Catholics.

HUI(Huizu, Tungan. Dungan) - people in China (mainly in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region); 8.9 million people (1992). Dialects Chinese language. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

TSAKHUR- people in Dagestan (5.2 thousand people) and Azerbaijan (13 thousand people. 1992). The language is Tsakhur. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

TSIMSHIANS- Indian people in the USA (Alaska, 30 thousand people, 1992) and Canada (2 thousand people). Language of the Penutian family. Believers are Christians.

GYPSIES(self-called Roma) - ethnic community; live in many countries. Ancestors came from India (late 1st millennium AD). Total population: 2.62 million people. (1992); in the Russian Federation 153 thousand people. (1989). The language is Gypsy.

CHAMORRO- people, the main population of the Mariana Islands. Number of people: 98 thousand people. (1992), incl. on o. Guam 80 thousand people Language of the Indonesian group. Believers are Christians.

CHARAYMAKI- a group of peoples (Jsmschids, Firyuzkuhi, Taima-ni. Teimuri) in the north-west of Afghanistan (600 thousand people, 1992) and north-east of Iran (260 thousand people). Languages ​​of the Iranian group. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims, some in Iran are Shiites.

CHEYENNA(self-name - dzi-tsis-tas) - Indian people of the Algonquin group in the USA (reservations in the states of Montana and Oklahoma), 8 thousand people. (1992). Believers are Christians (Protestants).

CIRCASSIANS(self-named Adyghe) - people in Karachay-Cherkessia (40.2 thousand people). In total there are 50.7 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). In Turkey and other countries of Western Asia, Circassians also call all people from North Caucasus. The total number is 270 thousand people. (1992). The language is Kabardino-Circassian. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

MONTENEGINERS— people, the main population of Montenegro (460 thousand people); in Serbia there are 140 thousand people. (1992). They also live in the USA and Albania. Total number 620 thousand people. They speak the Shto-Kavian dialect of the Serbo-Croatian language. Believers are mostly Orthodox.

CZECHES- people, the main population of the Czech Republic (9.55 million people, 1992). The total number is 10.38 million people. Language Czech. Believers are mostly Catholics, with some Protestants.

CHECHENS(self-named Nokhchi) - people in Chechnya and Ingushetia (734.5 thousand people) and Dagestan (57.9 thousand people). In total there are 899 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). Total number 957 thousand people. The language is Chechen. Believers are Sunni Muslims.

ZHUANG(self-named - Bunun) - people in China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province), 16 million people. (1992). Zhuang language. Traditional beliefs, Taoists.

CHIBCHA- a group of Indian peoples (Kuna, Guaimi, Muisca, Pas-to, etc.) in South and Central America, 635 thousand people. (1992). Chibchan languages. Believers are Catholics.

CHILEANS- people, the main population of Chile (over 11.4 million people). Total population 11.78 million people. (1992). Language Spanish. Believers are Catholics.

CHIROKEE ( Cherokee) - Indian people of the Iroquois group in the USA (reservations in the states of North Carolina and Oklahoma), 66 thousand people. (1992).

CHUVANTS(shelags, self-named - etel) - people in Chukotka (Anadyr River basin), ca. 1.5 thousand people (1992). They speak a dialect of the Yukaghir language. Believers are Orthodox.

CHUVASH(self-named - Chavash) - people, the main population of Chuvashia (907.6 thousand people), also live in Bashkiria, Tataria, Ulyanovsk and Samara regions etc. In total there are 1773.6 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). Chuvash language. Believers are Orthodox.

CHUKCHI- people in the Chukotka (approx. 12 thousand people) and Koryak (1.5 thousand people) autonomous okrugs. In total there are 15.1 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). Chukchi language. Believers are Orthodox.

SHAN(self-named Thai Nyo) are the people of the Thai group in the northeast of Myanmar (2.85 million people), in Thailand and Laos. Total population: 2.93 million people. (1987). Believers are mostly Buddhists.

SWEDES- people, the main population of Sweden (over 8.06 million people). Total number 9.4 million, people. (1992). Language Swedish. Believers are Christians (mostly Lutherans).

SWISS is the general name for the population of Switzerland. Includes German-Swiss (4.22 million people, 1992), French-Swiss-Tsars (1.16 million people), Italian-Swiss (230 thousand people) and Romansh-Romans (60 thousand people). They speak German, French, Italian and Romansh respectively. Believers are Protestants (most of the German-Swiss, French-Swiss and Romansh) and Catholics (Italian-Swiss-Tsars, etc.).

SHERPAS(Sherpa) - people in the east of Nepal (100 thousand people, 1992) and in neighboring regions of India (15 thousand people). Language of the Tibeto-Burman group. Believers are Buddhists.

SHILLUK(self-named - cholo) - people in Sudan. Number of people: 430 thousand people. (1992). Shilluk language. Traditional beliefs are preserved.

SHAUNA(Mashona) - the people of the Bantu group in Zimbabwe (7.5 million people). Mozambique (approx. 1 million people), Botswana and South Africa. The total number is 8.68 million people. (1992). Shona language. They adhere to traditional beliefs, and there are Christians.

SHORTS(self-named - shor) - people in the Russian Federation, in the Kemerovo region (Gornaya Shoria); 16 thousand people (1992). Shor language.

SCOTTS- people, the main population of Scotland and the surrounding islands (5.18 million people). Total number 6.1 million people. (1992). The language is Scottish. Believers are mainly Presbyterians (except for the ethnographic group of Gaels).

SHOSHONE- a group of Indian peoples (actually Shoshone, Comanche, Utah, Hopi, etc.) in the USA. Total approx. 70 thousand people (1992). Languages ​​of the Uto-Aztecan family. Traditional beliefs.

EVE(self-named - evegbe) - a people in Ghana (1.9 million people, 1992), Togo (1.71 million people) and Nigeria (50 thousand people). Ewe language. They retain traditional beliefs; there are Christians and Sunni Muslims.

EVENKI(self-named - Orochon, obsolete - Tungus) - a people in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and other regions of Siberia. In total there are 29.9 thousand people in the Russian Federation. (1992). They also live in China (35 thousand people, 1992). Evenki language. Believers are adherents of traditional beliefs, Orthodox.

EVENS(self-named - Even, obsolete - Lamut) - people in Yakutia, Magadan and Kamchatka regions, Khabarovsk Territory. Number of people: 17.0 thousand people. (1992). Even language.

ECUADORANS- people, the main population of Ecuador (6.6 million people). Total population 6.73 million people. (1992). Language Spanish. Believers are mostly Catholics.

ENTZ(obsolete - Yenisei Samoyeds) - a people in the Taimyr (Dolganr-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug. Number of approx. 200 people (1992). The language is Enets. Believers are Orthodox.

ERZYA- ethnographic group of Mordovians. Erzya language.

Eskimos(self-named Inuit) - a group of peoples in Alaska (USA, 38 thousand people, 1992), northern Canada (28 thousand people), o. Greenland (Greenlanders, 47 thousand people) and in the Russian Federation (Magadan region and Wrangel Island; 1.7 thousand people, 1992). Eskimo language.

ESTONIANS(self-named - eestlased) - people, the main population of Estonia (963 thousand people); in the Russian Federation 46.4 thousand people. (1992). They also live in the USA and Canada. Sweden and Australia. Total number approx. 1.1 million people (1992). Language Estonian. Believers are mostly Lutherans, there are Orthodox (mostly Seto).

ETHIOPIANS- name of the population of Ethiopia.

YUKAGIRS(self-named - detkil) - people in Yakutia and the Magadan region (Russian Federation). Number of people: 1.1 thousand. (1992). Yukaghir language.

JAVANESE- people in Indonesia (89.0 million people), the main population of the central part of the island. Java. They also live in Malaysia, Australia, the Netherlands, etc. The total population is 89.6 million people. (1992). Javanese language. Believers are mostly Sunni Muslims.

YAKUTS(self-named Sakha) - people, indigenous population of Yakutia (365 thousand people), total number 382 thousand people. (1992). Yakut language. Believers - Orthodox

JAMAICANIANS- the people, the main population of Jamaica (2.37 million people. Total number 3.47 million people (1992). Mostly blacks and mulattoes, They speak a dialect of English. Believers are mostly Protestants.

YANOMAMA- a group of Indian peoples (Shiriana, Vaika, etc.) in the south of Venezuela (15 thousand people, 1992) and the north of Brazil (12 thousand people). The languages ​​are close to the Chibchan languages. There are Christians who retain traditional beliefs.

nuclear weapons(self-named - min, man, zao) - people in southern China (2.2 million people, 1992), northern Vietnam (460 thousand people) and Laos (approx. 90 thousand people). Language of the Miao-Yao group. Believers are adherents of traditional beliefs.

nuclear weapons(Vayao) are a Bantu people in western Malawi (about 1.4 million people, 1992), southern Tanzania (over 571 thousand people) and northern Mozambique (over 560 thousand people). Believers are Sunni Muslims and there are Christians.

JAPANESE(self-named - nihonjin) - people, the main population of Japan (123.6 million people). Total population 125.6 million people. (1992). Language: Japanese. Believers are mainly Shintoists and Buddhists, there are Christians and followers of syncretic cults.