Ipb Russian oral folk art. Russian folk art... What is its value? Russian folk holidays

Handwriting, like the ability to draw, is a kind of art. Often a person cannot understand his own handwriting, for example, when taking quick dictation. Today, correct and understandable writing fades into the background, giving way to electronic documents. But there are situations when written language must be clear and legible. This article will tell you how to correct your handwriting and make it beautiful.

Examples

How to achieve beautiful handwriting

Handwriting is a talent, because it is directly related to the hands. Beautiful writing is a type of drawing art. Not long ago I was in schools special item aimed at creating clear and beautiful handwriting. It was called calligraphy.

Today, schoolchildren are no longer forced to fill pages with one hook in order to perfect their writing. The program is aimed at mastering writing skills. In this case, the beauty and neatness of handwriting are given the last roles.

But if parents and teachers monitor children and the formation of their handwriting, then how can an adult learn to write clearly and correctly? If an adult wants to correct or change their handwriting, there are several useful tips.

Selecting a writing instrument

A comfortable writing instrument is the key to beautiful handwriting. The pen or pencil is not so important. The important thing is that the writing instrument fits comfortably in the hand and allows you to use it without straining your hand.

Landing when writing

Proper posture when writing helps you not feel discomfort. Your back should be kept straight, and the sheet on which the text is written should be placed at an angle convenient for writing.

Copybooks

The main tip for improving handwriting is to re-write tasks in school copybooks. They will help you remember the correct spelling of connections between letters and practice them.

Practice

When developing a handwriting style, it is important to remember that constant practice will allow you to better remember the correct spelling of all letter elements. It is important to try to write more often and to carefully monitor your writing progress. For example, if you cannot write a separate element of a letter or a connection, you should write it out on a separate sheet and write it down until you get a satisfactory result.

Slowness

You shouldn't expect your handwriting to improve after an hour of writing. When working on handwriting, it is important to do the work thoughtfully and slowly. If you don’t like the result, you should work on it some more and compare it with what happened before. Progress in work can occur either in a week or in several months.

Fantasy and fonts

When working on writing, you should use your imagination or take your favorite capital fonts on your computer as a model. There are many pictures with capital letters on special websites. You can find an image with the font you like on the Internet. Perhaps the idea of ​​adding long strokes or graceful curls to your own writing style will help when working on the beauty and style of your handwriting.

Changing the writing instrument

After mastering one instrument, it is worth trying other devices. If you used a ballpoint pen, you should use a marker or fountain pen. This is important so that the developed handwriting does not change when using tools of different configurations. Thus, you can adjust the pressure on the paper and a comfortable grip for each type of pen or pencil.

Writing a foreign alphabet

Mastering capital foreign letters helps when making edits to your own handwriting. It's worth starting with the basics - english alphabet, written in beautiful handwriting, looks quite similar to Russian, which helps when working on problem areas at the associative level.

With these simple tips, you can completely change your handwriting, making it calligraphic. However, proper handwriting for school is not always appropriate for an adult.

The handwriting of an adult bears the imprint of personality and its uniqueness.

Instructions

Prepare workplace. To work out, you will have to train for several hours a day, so take care of convenience in advance, and not at the moment when your back and eyes hurt. The beauty of writing, first of all, depends on correct position bodies. Therefore, choose a chair on which you will be comfortable to sit and your neck will not strain. The back of the chair should be rigid. Remember that both feet should be firmly on the floor, so choose a chair with adjustable seat height. Lighting is also very important. It is advisable that the table be near the window, and the light should fall from the opposite direction. writing hand sides.

Purchase supplies. You will need a ballpoint pen (regular, transparent, the kind recommended for first-graders). Later, when you start to succeed beautiful letters, it is better to switch from a ballpoint pen to a fountain pen, take care of purchasing it in advance. You will also need diagonal-ruled notebooks to wean yourself from squiggles and develop slanting, and later you will need a lot of unlined A4 sheets.

Download some calligraphic font and install it on your system. The Primo font is very suitable for these purposes. Open any text or graphics editor and write in the downloaded font favorite poem. Adjust the font size, spacing and other parameters so that the lines look like handwriting, and print the result. Place a blank piece of paper on top of the printed verse and carefully trace the words. After every hour of such training, try to write on your own, without support.

When the handwriting begins to more or less emerge, sit down to rewrite your favorite story. Having completely filled out a couple of notebooks with an oblique ruler, while maintaining an inclination, begin to develop absolutely perfect handwriting. clean slate. By this time, you can already put down the ballpoint pen and take up the fountain pen. If you spend enough time every day practicing your handwriting, then after one or two weeks your letters will be unrecognizable.

note

Don't try to develop a standard calligraphic handwriting. This is unlikely to be possible if before this you have been writing like a chicken with its paw for 30 years. But you can make your handwriting beautiful and understandable, the main thing is to be patient.

Helpful advice

Any notes and notes that you have to make, try to write beautifully, slowly, observing the inclination and size of the letters.

Sources:

• Primo font for copybook texts

There were times when the subject of "penmanship" was included in school curriculum. Today they write less and less by hand, but it’s beautiful and clear handwriting and now it matters. This is especially important for schoolchildren, who often have bad handwriting They even lower their grades. What to do in this case? Correct the bad handwriting! This is quite real challenge, the main thing is to practice regularly, and the result will not keep you waiting.

You will need

• - soft simple pencil;
• - soft-writing ballpoint or gel pen;
• - copybooks for writing;
• - a notebook with a narrow oblique ruler

Instructions

Take the usual copybooks and start with the most simple exercises- repetition of the pattern, straight and inclined elements of letters. Strive to ensure that the lines are straight, do not extend beyond the lines and correspond to the printed samples.

Practice writing individual letters. For this purpose, those copybooks are better suited where after each typed letter there is a space for writing by hand. At the same time, you will always have the correct reference version in front of you, and not the letter you just wrote not too skillfully.

Proceed to rewriting phrases and texts using special copybooks. Print out the so-called “gray” copybooks - these are those in which it is printed in pale gray, not . You should trace this gray text, making sure that your lines do not extend beyond the printed one. This is a transition exercise and helps you approach rewriting yourself. And only when copying using “gray” copybooks becomes easy for you, you can move on to the usual black copybooks. The task is the same - to strive to ensure that the letters you write do not go beyond the boundaries of the lines, and that the elements of the letters and connections correspond to the printed sample.

Copy text from books with a narrow oblique ruler. This option of training is the most difficult, because there is no longer an ideal before your eyes that you can look up to. By this stage of the lesson, writing all the letters should already be practiced.

note

Total time classes - 45-50 minutes, and continuous writing should not exceed 10-15 minutes. With longer lessons, the child will get tired, and there will be no use from such a lesson.

Helpful advice

For successful mastery of writing skills, classes that develop fine motor skills hands Collect puzzles and mosaics with your child. Fold origami. String the beads. Embroider.

Make the tasks more difficult gradually. Only if the previous one is completed successfully, you can move on to more complex tasks.

If something doesn’t work out, don’t rewrite the same thing several times - do a similar task. If the text was rewritten, just continue writing, trying not to make mistakes.

Sources:

• Download copybook
• Font for copybook texts + “gray” copybooks

His success in society and career depends on how a person knows how to present himself. Important details are manners, gait, gestures. Zest and distinctive feature the ability to sit beautifully can become.

How to sit correctly at work or an event

The mistake many people make is haste. At work, most employees sit as if in a crowded vehicle, as if someone else could take a seat faster. Having walked through other offices in order to sign a document, the person plops down in his seat looking as if he had run several kilometers.

The key to a beautiful position on the chair should be constant training in front of the mirror. Take two chairs: with a back and without. Before sitting on a chair, stand with your back to it. Pull back slightly right leg back and sit down slowly. The back should be straight. Follow the naturalness, do not strain your back too much and do not raise your head high - it looks comical.

Incorrect sitting position can lead to congestion of the veins of the lower extremities and problems with the spine. The height of the chair should be such that both feet touch the floor and the legs form a 90-degree angle when bent at the knees. The back of the head, shoulder blades, lower back and heels should be on the same line.

During an event dedicated to listening to something (work, congratulatory speech, etc.), the “socialite at a reception” pose is recommended: straight back, shoulders turned, legs pressed together, shins slightly to the side. You should not lean completely on the back; the support can only be touched by your lower back and shoulder blades. Left hand is placed with the palm on the knee, the right one lies with the palm on top just above the knuckles of the left hand, the elbows are slightly spread to the side.

You can often see an unpleasant picture when a person awkwardly climbs onto a bar stool and then sits with his back part outstretched and leaning on his elbows. top part on the bar counter. To sit beautifully on a high stool, you need to lean on the counter with one hand and place your foot on the lower crossbar of the chair. You should rise up with a springy movement and sit down smoothly.

When placing your legs on top of your legs, make sure that the leg on top does not dangle haphazardly, but lies neatly on the shin of the other leg. To do this, both shins must be slightly moved to the side.

At work, avoid clinging to chair legs, slouching, and craning your neck forward. Hands should touch the table only at the wrists. To avoid having to tilt your head and hunch your shoulders, adjust the height of your office chair.

It is also necessary to take care of your legs and posture when getting into a car. Women should remember that the body should get into the salon first, and then the legs. Open the door, sit down smoothly on the edge of the car seat, press your legs together and, carefully raising your knees, move your legs inside the passenger compartment.

When getting up from a chair, do not lean on the armrests, table or your own knees. Avoid sudden movements. Stand up smoothly, moving one leg back slightly.

Sitting on a chair - ideas for a photo shoot

When photographing on a chair, it is also important not to forget how it will look from the outside. A man can afford to sit astride a chair with his legs spread wide apart and his arms resting on the back. A woman should remain a lady.

The most common poses for a photo shoot on a chair are: 1. The chair is placed straight, the girl sits on it from the side, with her back to the camera. The head is turned towards the photographic lens. One hand rests on the back of the chair, the other rests on the hip. Legs at an angle to the chair, one leg slightly set to the side. 2. The chair and the girl are positioned sideways to the camera. The body is slightly tilted forward, one leg is bent back, the other is set forward. Elbows on knees, wrists relaxed. 3. A chair and a girl sideways to the camera. The girl stands with one knee resting on the seat. Wrists on the back of the chair.

Instructions

For classes, you need to prepare tools: two notebooks in a slanted line, like for first-graders, two regular notebooks, a fountain pen that will fit comfortably in your hand and will not cause discomfort during classes. The paste (ink) should come out from under the ball of the rod easily, but not “smear” the paper. Psychological comfort in such classes is one of the main keys to success. Experts recommend including your favorite music during lessons. slow music, spray pleasant, non-harsh aromatic products into the room. It is important to understand that they should give pleasure and not cause irritation. Only this approach will provide excellent results in short time.

At the second stage, it is necessary to analyze exactly what problems there are with handwriting. Rewrite a short text, about half a notebook page. Look carefully at each letter and combination of letters, highlight those that look especially clumsy and sloppy, which will be difficult for another person to understand. Problematic “moments” need to be written down in another notebook - each on a separate page. You need to transfer them not the way you usually write, but the way they should be written, in accordance with the rules of calligraphy. In any library you can find textbooks on calligraphy, but if you are too lazy to visit them, you can find manuals on the Internet. Most of these types of books are provided to users.

Your first calligraphy lessons don't have to be long. It is enough to write a few characters on each page in a prepared notebook. For some, it is easier to first master one letter or a combination of letters, and then proceed to the next page in a prepared one. You need to start classes “in an oblique” line. This kind of ruling disciplines, teaches you to maintain the necessary inclination of the letters and make them the same size. You can move on to the next stage only when you are confident in drawing clear and understandable characters that comply with the rules of calligraphy. As an experiment, you can rewrite small texts or sentences in a notebook with regular lines or on a sheet without markings. But there is no need to rush, it is better to be patient, then the result will be as expected and wanted.

During classes to correct handwriting, special gymnastics for the hands and fingers is very important. Its main task is to make the fingers flexible, sensitive and strong. Calligraphy experts recommend the following exercises:
circular rotations with brushes,
flexion of the wrist joint,
rhythmic clenching and unclenching of a fist,
circular movements with fingers,
"lock"
fan-shaped movements.
Useful, collecting pictures and constructors from small parts. It is better to choose those models of puzzles and puzzles that consist of large quantity details. You can set aside a separate corner in the house for working with them, and don’t abandon the task until it’s finished. This disciplines and develops perseverance, helps to get rid of stress.

Learn to evaluate your work, give yourself “marks” like this, but do it objectively, without self-pity and narcissism. Be as strict as possible - if at least one letter in the work turns out to be clumsy or out of order, reduce the grade by one point. And if it doesn’t work out, ask someone close to you to look over the written text and point out errors in calligraphy. It will be just great if you get help from a person who can write beautifully, but who will not be afraid to offend you with an objective assessment. There is no need to scold yourself, it is important to find an incentive, learn to perceive criticism as a guide to action, a springboard for achieving new heights. Analysis of errors must be recorded - unsuccessful letters must be moved to the beginning new page in a notebook.

Once you have started to get beautiful letters and letter combinations, you can move on to longer sentences and texts. On initial stage You need to write them in a notebook “in an oblique line.” This will save the results when switching to new level classes. You need to rewrite small texts or individual sentences and phrases. It's useful to start keeping track of the time it takes to write a certain number of lines or words. It is better to take into account lines, since words have different volumes. Another option to increase your writing speed is to set a timer. You can also use your favorite one as a time counter musical composition. But haste should not affect the quality, and if the handwriting is distorted, then it is too early to rush. It is necessary to continue to evaluate your work, to do this without concessions or discounts on speed and time.

It is important not only to achieve good results, but also to maintain them. Even if you have learned to write beautifully, this should not be a reason to give up regular calligraphy and hand exercises. Not enough time? Set aside half an hour for this during work, but do not borrow time allotted for rest or lunch - this will be annoying. If your profession involves writing with a fountain pen, perform tasks in such a way as not to cause damage or reduce your efforts to zero. Complete the worksheet slowly, paying attention to each letter and word. This will be another incentive to success, but the most important thing is not to get frustrated with your usual clumsy handwriting. When starting calligraphy, set yourself up for the positive, understand that this is not for one day, what lies ahead long haul which will definitely give a good result.

Beautiful handwriting has always been valued. The lucky owners of calligraphic handwriting could get jobs that were not available to those who write poorly. And even now, when the regular pen is gradually being replaced by the computer keyboard, beautiful handwriting has not lost its importance. Close people are pleased to receive news from your hand. And various documents still have to be filled out manually quite regularly.

You will need

• - copybook;
• - a fountain pen;
• - ball pen;
• - lined and squared paper.

Instructions

Evaluate your handwriting and identify its shortcomings. Honestly answer the question of whether it is legible enough and whether you write their elements accurately. Also think about what kind of handwriting you would like. You may have to learn new letter elements. It’s better to do it right away; there’s absolutely no need to relearn it several times.

Education calligraphy not much different from teaching a first grader how to write. Get the copybooks. They can be purchased from either and. Try the same sequence that you taught before. Take care of the correct posture. Sit up straight, place the sheet of paper slightly inclined, take the pencil correctly.

Write a few lines of copybooks with a sharply sharpened with a simple pencil. Imagine that you are just learning to write. Try to write all elements evenly, accurately observing the slope. If you control the process, one or two sessions of writing with a pencil will be enough.

Instructions

Choose a pen that you feel comfortable holding in your hand. Try it first, holding the pen in your fingers, making large, sweeping strokes in the air, as if you were drawing on a blackboard. Thanks to this exercise, the movements of your hands will become clearer and more confident, and more even.

Try a few various options writing letters and choose the one that suits you best. Pay attention to how other people are. Look at examples, poets, philosophers, determine the characteristic outlines of letters, curls, etc. Handwriting often depends on the character of a person and can tell a lot about him. Find your personal writing style and use it.

Try writing on lined paper. Thanks to this, the lines will become even and will not jump up and down. After practicing, write a few sentences on a blank, unlined sheet of paper, and then draw it out and see if the lines are slipping, or if the distance between them is changing. different parts text. Practice until you succeed and learn to write equally smoothly on both lined and regular paper.

The chalkboard is a familiar attribute of the school office. But nowadays designers know how to introduce this item into home environment. Moreover, you don’t have to buy it; you can make it yourself and fit it into the interior so that it emphasizes and complements the style of the room. Such a board will be useful in a house where there are schoolchildren or small children, but it will not be superfluous for adults either: you can write messages to your family on it, make reminders, or just draw.

You will need

• base made of fiberboard, chipboard or plywood;
• pencil;
• ruler;
• masking tape;
• black paint;
• sandpaper.

Instructions

Find a basis for school board. It should be a sufficiently level surface. Fiberboard, chipboard or plywood work well, but other flat materials can be used. Cut out a rectangle of the desired size. And if you have any unnecessary wall from a closet or other

Each person's handwriting, like their fingerprint, is unique. All you need is a little tweaking of your writing style and your handwriting will become beautiful and interesting. Fine handwriting is very graceful, elegant, expressive and attractive handwriting.

Steps

Part 1

1. Take a look at your handwriting. Find an example of your handwriting, it could be a shopping list or a story you wrote. You will need to analyze it for writing trends. This will help you concentrate on improving and embellishing your words. You need to understand whether you are writing with a loose, relaxed, soft hand or a clenched, rigid hand.

   • Determine which letters you decorate without thinking. Which ones have curls and strokes?
   • Look at the spacing between letters. Are they all over the page or more evenly distributed?
   • Look at the strokes of the pen or pencil you are using. You want a mix of thin and thick strokes in your writing.

2. Determine which muscles you use when writing. Free, soft handwriting is determined by the muscles you use when you write. You have to use more than just your hand and fingers. Beautiful handwriting requires the work of the entire arm and even the shoulder.

   • To determine this, write a paragraph in normal handwriting. Pay attention to the muscles involved. This will help you understand whether you are straining just your hand or your entire arm when writing in a loose, soft manner.
   • Your fingers act as a guide across the page; but they shouldn't do all the work, otherwise your handwriting will be tight and crumpled.
   • You should move your entire arm and shoulder, not your wrist and fingers.

3. Choose your writing utensils. You need to find the right pen and paper for writing. All people are different, but they exist general concepts, with which writing instruments it is easier to develop beautiful handwriting. For example, a pen is usually better than a pencil, because it produces straighter lines.

   • High-quality paper (usually more expensive than regular paper) rather than computer paper will improve your handwriting since you won't have to deal with smudges, drips, and ink bleeds. This paper can be purchased at office supply stores.
   • Moleskine notebooks are great for practicing beautiful handwriting because the paper helps make your writing smoother.
   • People often use fountain pens instead of cheap ones ballpoint pens, since high-quality writing instruments have better ink supply. You can also use something like a calligraphy marker or a Sanford writing utensil, which allows you to make different lengths and widths of letters thanks to the flat tip. They also produce inks in bright colors.

4. Do not hurry. Rapid handwriting is usually uneven, small, and written under pressure. Write slowly and gracefully, leaving slow, clear lines. You'll get softer strokes and more consistent lines and curls. Make sure you don't strain your hand or press too hard.

   • Write as if you were writing on water.

5. Practice. Like anything important, you need to practice writing beautifully before you become confident in it. Write as often as possible, paying attention to how you do it and what muscles you tense.

   • Practice writing on lined paper to get a feel for spacing. The spacing between letters and words (they should be fairly even) is very important for beautiful writing.
   • Draw constantly. Draw in the margins notebook while waiting for a bus or talking on the phone. This will help you relax and get used to beautiful writing.

   Part 2

   Using Cursive

   1. Start with the alphabet. Take old book on writing in italics, which you studied in primary school, and start practicing writing each letter of the alphabet. Just remember that everyone's handwriting is different, so yours will be cursive (and attractive) and unique.

      • It is necessary that the spacing between letters and words be uniform. To do this, practice on lined paper to get a feel for all the intervals.
      • You can find many free cursive handwriting worksheets and textbooks online or at your local library.

   2. Learn connecting lines. Italics are essentially connections between letters; it is used when writing quickly. As such, it comes from Latin word"currere" means "to run", so the italics translate to "running hand". Keep this in mind when making connections between letters.

      • Connections are the “air” between letters when you lift the pen when writing normally.
      • Make sure you cover the spaces at the top of the letters. If they are not closed, it is difficult to determine whether the letter is “a” or “i”.

   Part 3

   Using Calligraphy

   1. Make sure you are sitting correctly. This means your feet are firmly planted on the floor, your back is straight and you are comfortable. This also means that you are holding the pen correctly.

      • The handle should be between the first two knuckles, grasped by the thumb and index fingers. It should rest on your middle finger.
      • To position the handle correctly, you must be sure to hold it at a 45 degree angle. To check this, draw a right angle (90 degrees) with a pencil. Then, from the corner, smoothly move upward, dividing the corner in half; You should get a thin line.

   2. Choose the right writing instruments. You want to make sure that the lines on the letter look the way they should. To do this, you need to choose writing instruments that are right for you.

      • Writing utensils that are suitable for calligraphy are markers, automatic pens, fountain pens with a metal or bird's nib.
      • You need paper that won't let ink through. You can practice on a regular notebook sheet. Check the cotton content of the paper because the more cotton, the stiffer the lines will be. Of course, you can always buy specialized paper, and if you have a calligraphy kit, it usually comes with the correct paper included.
      • As for ink, it is better not to choose Indian ink, as the varnish contained in them gets into the tip of the pen and clogs it. It is best to buy water-soluble ink.

   3. Place the paper correctly. You must understand the direction of the lines so that your writing has a uniform appearance. You need to determine the height of the pen, it can be anything. The Italic font had a height of 5 and can be an example for regular lines.

      • The base line is the line on which the lowest points of the letters of the line lie.
      • The top line is a line above the base line that changes its height depending on the height of the letters (in this case, the letter height is 5).
      • An ascending line is a line that all ascending letters touch. Its height should be 5 (or whatever you choose). Ascending letters: “b” or “v”.
      • Descending line is the line that all descending letters touch, such as “d” or “z”. Its height should be 5 (from the baseline).

   4. Practice. You will, of course, need to practice your own writing style to get used to it. You also need to train the angle of the handle and the movement of your hand.

      • Experiment with pen and paper. Draw circles and lines to feel the angle and pressure on the handle.