Belarusian names for girls are rare and beautiful. Belarusian female names
Official statistics from the civil registry offices of the Republic of Belarus, reliable analytics, ranked lists of the most popular names, rare names (“unique”, “unique”) - all the latest materials on this topic.
Fundamental reference books on Belarusian names:
1) Personal names / Asabova Names (see "Russian-Belarusian Dictionary")// Minsk, Narodnaya Asveta, 1990, 224 pp., ISBN 5-341-00474-4. The author of the dictionary is Grabchikov Stepan Mitrofanovich. A brief parallel dictionary of personal names and patronymics (in Russian and Belarusian spellings) is given at the end of the book (pp. 216-223). See in pdf format, 5 pages, 3 MB.
2) "The Dictionary of Asabov Ulas Names" ("Dictionary of personal proper names")// Minsk: Literature and Mastatstva, 2011, 240 pp., ISBN 978-985-6941-10-1 // author Ustinovich Anna Konstantinovna (Uscinovich Anna Kanstantsinaina), candidate philological sciences; The scientific editor of the book is Alexander Aleksandrovich Lukashanets, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Corresponding Member. National Academy of Sciences of Belarus // text in pdf format, file “weighs” 40 MB
3) "Belarusian anthroponymy" ("Belarusian anthroponymy"), in three volumes, on Belarusian language. The author is Biryla Mikalay Vasilyevich (Birillo Nikolai Vasilyevich, 1923-1992), linguist, Doctor of Philology, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, worked at the Yakub Kolas Institute of Linguistics:
Volume 1. Ulasny names, mummy names, father's names, nicknames(Proper names, nicknames, patronymics, surnames), Minsk: Science and technology, 1966 // see text pdf, 328 pp., 9 MB
Volume 3. Structure of famous male names ( The structure of proper male names), Minsk: Science and technology, 1982 // see text in pdf format, 320 pages, 7 MB, text in DjVu format, 9 MB
Textbooks on Belarusian onomastics and anthroponymy for universities:
1) "Belarusian anthrapanimiya" ("Belarusian anthroponymy")// authors: G. M. Mezenka, G. M. Dzeravyaga, V. M. Lyashkevich, G. K. Semyankova (Department of Belarusian Linguistics). Tutorial for philology students, publication of the Vitebsk State University. University named after P.M. Masherova, 2009, 254 pp., ISBN 978-985-517-127-0 // at the end of the book there is a “Glossary of terms in onomastics” (Short terminology) // text in pdf format, 2 MB
2) "Razmouna-everyday forms of male asab names Brestchyna" ("Colloquial forms of male personal names in the Brest region")// author Shumskaya I. A. // zb. artykul "Belarusian anamastyka", Institute of Movaznastva named after Yakub Kolas, editor: Biryla M.V., Lemtsyugova V.P. Minsk, "Navuka and technology", 1985, pp. 5-25 // text in pdf format, 2 Mb
3) " Belarusian personal names: Belarusian anthroponymy and tapanimika." A guide for teachers ("Belarusian personal names: Belarusian anthroponymy and toponymy." A manual for teachers)// author Vasil Vasilievich Shur, Doctor of Philology, head. department Belarusian linguistics, Mozyr State. ped. University named after I.P. Shamyakina // Minsk, “Mastatskaya Literature”, 1998, 239 pp., ISBN 985-02-0164-9 // text in pdf format, 2 MB
Correspondence of names in Russian and Belarusian languages
(in the Belarusian Cyrillic alphabet / kіrylitsa and Belarusian Latin alphabet / Belarusian Latsinka, Belarusian Latsian alphabet, European Russian Latin alphabet - Latin)you will find here:
Belarusian-Russian words of Belarusian asaba names on "Akademik" http://dic.academic.ru/
Russian-Belarusian online dictionary "Skarnik" http://www.skarnik.by/names (here are two examples of presenting information on Skarnik: 1) Ekaterina (in Russian), Katsyaryna (in Belarusian), Kaciaryna, Kasia (Belarusian lapiska), (size Katsia, Kasia, Katra; Greek) - clean. Name of the woman, 2) Boleslav (in Russian), Balaslav (in Belarusian), Balasłaўǔ (Belarusian Latsinkai),(dimension: Boles; glory) - pains and glory for others. The name is male.
- Slutsk name book(in Russian and Belarusian languages). See on the website "Heritage of the Slutsk region"
- "Belarusian names"(A guide for young fathers), author Symon Barys // this dictionary is interesting because each name - 506 male and 234 female - is given both in the Belarusian Cyrillic alphabet and in the Belarusian Latin alphabet // posted on the website http://knihi.com/ "Belarusian Palichka. Al electronic library»
On the transliteration of Belarusian names using Latin letters (instructions from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs),
Belarusian virtual keyboard on-line (several options):
What names did they have in the old days?
1) What names were popular among our ancestors 100 years ago? // Article in the newspaper “Astravetskaya Prauda” dated April 27, 2013, which analyzes list of parishioners of the Catholic Church in the village. Svir near Minsk, compiled in 1909// (in Belarusian)
2) "List of male and female names, dissimilar to the names of the Russian language" (1845) P. Shpilevskaga ў history of Belarusian anamastyki// Prygodzich M.R., Prygodzich A.A. (Nikolai Grigorievich Prigodich, Elena Aleksandrovna Prigodich, Faculty of Philology of BSU) // article in the book “Collection of materials of the International Scientific Conference “Dyalectalogy and history of Belarusian language”, pp. 28-31, Publishing House of Law and Economics, M Insk, 2008 // see text in pdf format, 4 pages.
3) "Asabov's showman", i.e. list of names in the book about the uprising of 1863-1864, located on pp. 471-490:Collection of documents "Paustana 1863-1864 in the Vitsebsk, Magilevsk and Minsk provinces: documents and materials of the National Historical Archive of Belarus"/ stacker Ph.D. gistar. navukDzmitry Chaslavavich Matveychyk; National Historical Archives of Belarus, 2014, 542 pp. // ISBN 978-985-709203-1 // .
4) ""Named indicator"(list of names) in a collection of articles about Adam Mickiewicz (on pp. 295-313): "Adam Mickiewicz and Belarus" // National Center named after F. Skaryna, Polish Institute in Minsk, Belarusian Cultural Foundation // attreasurer Valiantsina Gryshkevich, scientific editors Maldzis Adam (Belarus), Nyagodzisz Tomasz (Poland),Minsk, 1997, 320 p. // see text in pdf format, page 23.
5) "Names in Belarusian history"on the world history website http://www.istmira.com/
6) "Kryvska-Belarusian Name". This article was published in the magazine “Kryvich” (1923, No. 6, pp. 34-43), which in those years was published in Kaunas (Lithuania). Author - Vaclav Lastovsky (Vlast), Belarusian writer, historian, philosopher (1883-1938). Aўtar a soft table of changes in the Kryvitsky names (names) // see the original text in pdf format, 2 MB, 15 pages; also in the blog "Ethnagraph of Belarus" /// Note: In ancient times, representatives of the East Slavic tribes, whose descendants are modern Belarusians, were called Krivichs (see https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryvichy)
Belarusian folk calendar
Gives a good idea of thein what form most Christian names came into life in ancient times common man, Belarusian peasant:
1) "Belarusian folk kalyandar". Autar-laying book Ales Lozka, Minsk, “Polymya”, 1993, 184 pp. // Electronic version - on the website " Belarusian Internet Library" ( Kamunikat.org), 2010
2) "Belarusian folk kalyandar". Aўtar Vasilevich Uladzimir Alyaksandravich// in the collection "Paezia of the Belarusian earthwork calendar" (pp. 554-612), Academy of Sciences of the BSSR, Institute of Cultural Studies, Ethnagraphy and Folklore, Minsk, 1992 //see in pdf format, 16 MB, 66 pages, and also on the website"History of Belarus IX-XVIII centuries. Pershakrynitsy." About the author .
Materials about the names of others Slavic peoples
About the names of Ukrainians;
As for Russian names, most sections of this site are devoted to them.
On the “A Thousand Names” website there is also room for alternative (unusual, very controversial, but fascinating) points of view on the history of Belarusian names:
1) "Proper names in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania." Victor Veras, cm. big article on the website http://veras.jivebelarus.net/ (“At the origins of historical truth”)
Church calendars (saints). Names of saints. Godnames. Name day
Belarusian Orthodox Church / Belarusian Pravoslavnaya Tsarkva
First, one important note: BOC is a division of the Russian Orthodox Church on the territory of the Republic of Belarus and has the statusexarchate. Its official name is “Belarusian Exarchate of the Moscow Patriarchate” (the official name is the Belarusian Exarchate of the Moscow Patriarchate). And this means that the calendar (church calendar) and all the holy saints Orthodox people Russia and the Republic of Belarus are the same.Here is a selection of the most interesting materials on the chosen topic:
1) Alphabetical list of Orthodox saints in Belarusian language(“The collection of the names of saints, which is the rightful Church”), see male names, female names.
2) Orthodox calendar in Belarusian language(Belarusian right-wing royal calendar: “Months, Saints, Name Calendar”).
4) How to choose a name for a child at baptism. Articlepriest Alexander Bogdan(Grodno diocese of the Belarusian Orthodox Church, St. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Volkovysk), .
5) In the general list of Orthodox saints, Belarusian saints occupy a special place.Cathedral of Belarusian Saints(the word "cathedral" in in this case derived from collect, collection, and has a meaning list, list) is presented on the website of the pilgrimage department of the Belarusian Orthodox Churchhttp://piligrim.by/ , in the Orthodox Internet encyclopedia "Tree" https://drevo-info.ru/ , on the website of St. Peter and Paul Cathedral in Minsk http://sppsobor.by/ and Wikipedia http://www.wikiwand.com/be-x-old/Sabor_of_Belarusian_saints . Each saint has his own day of remembrance, and on the 3rd Sunday after Pentecost, the celebration of all the saints of this Council is celebrated annually (a moving celebration with a “floating” date).
6) Other materials related to choosing a baptismal name are given in a special section of this site called Name of the Cross, name day.
Roman Catholic Church in Belarus
1) First, a short article "How many saints are there in the Catholic Church?" on the website www.katolik.ru
2) What is the purpose of choosing the name of the saints? See the answer on the website Catholicnews.by (online version of the newspaper of the Viciebsk Dynasty “Katalytski Vesnik”).
3) How choose an Angel day if the name you bear is not on the calendar?(see on the website of the newspaper "Words of Zhytstya", May 1, 2016, by the way, All Saints' Day is celebrated on November 1)
4) Names for skin day. Kalyandar of Ryma-Katalytska Church(uh that birthday calendar is published annually on the website of the newspaper “Words of Life”,its publisher is the Grodno Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church),
5) Catalan saints- list of Catholic saints on Wikipedia, in Belarusian
6) Saints - list to the saints on the site Catholic by (Ryma-Katalitski Kastsel u Belarus), in Belarusian http://catholic.by/2/liturgy/saints.html
7) How to choose a name + Catalan calendar named after- on the website "Catholic Gomel" katolik-gomel.by(calendar of saints' names - in Russian)
8) Saints of the Catholic Church- on the Catholic spiritual and educational portal Slavorum Apostoli www.slavorum.ru (site language - Russian), saints in alphabetical order, by date (memorial day)
9) Święci katoliccy - list of Catholic saints on Wikipedia, in Polish
10) Kalendarium dzień po dniu - a detailed and convenient calendar, here you can find information about the days of celebrating Catholic name days https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendarium_dzień_po_dniu, Polish. language
11) Chronologiczny spis informacjio świętych i błogosławionych- calendar list of saints posted on the website of the Conference of Polish Bishops http://www.brewiarz.katolik.pl/, Polish. language
12) Sections Calendar (Calendar) and Saints (Saints) on the Catholic Online website (Inform. Inspire. Ignite). The site language is English. In the Saints section you can browse alphabetically, by day of the month, there is even a rating of the popularity of saints.
Belarusian Greek Catholic Church
2) Just in case, here are links to Church calendar of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church: http://news.ugcc.ua/calendar/ (official website of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church), http://www.saintjosaphat.org/kalendar/ (website of the Priestly Brotherhood of the Holy Hieromartyr Josaphat, Lviv)
Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
Belarusian autocephalous right-handed tsarkva
1) The website of the consistory of this church http://www.belapc.org/ presents such interesting documents as "Belarusian Orthodox Church Calendar for 2016"(Belarusian Pravaslavna Tsarkoin calendar for 2016), "Names of saints" (Names of saints), "Saints of the Belarusian Land" (Holy Belarusian lands)
2) Note. Since 1944, the BAOC has been in exile. The headquarters is located in the USA (New York). Articles about this church on Wikipedia: in Belarusian, in Russian.
Media about Belarusian names. Serious and “light” articles and videos:
1) "Specificity of Belarusian names." Guest of the studio “Dyyablog. Pra movu" (http://diablog.by) - Doctor of Philology V.V. Shur. Cm. video on YouTube(26 min.), published 10/15/2015
2) “Modze has double and long names.” An article about the situation with Belarusian names, author - Director of the Institute of Language and Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Professor A.A. Lukashan (see on the website of the newspaper "Belarus Segodnya", 04/5/2008)
4) “Why are children called with double names?” ONT TV channel video, Minsk (2 min.), 06/15/2014
5) " Belarusian children have double names." Video of the TV channel "Minsk 24 DOK"(1 min.), 6.06.2014
6) “The most popular names of Belarusians are Nastya and Sasha” ( , 10/16/2014, Daria Puteyko)
7) "Unusual names of modern children."
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Belarusian names
Belarusian female names
Belarusian names belong to the group of East Slavic names, they are similar to Russian and Ukrainian names.
The modern Belarusian name book includes several groups of names:
Slavic names (Belarusian, Russian, Polish, etc.)
Names from the church calendar (related to religious tradition)
European names.
In a modern Belarusian passport, the first name, patronymic and last name are written in two languages. Belarusian and Russian names are replaced by the corresponding analogues: Marya – Maria, Victoria - Victoria.
Of the traditional Belarusian names, the most popular are the names Alesya, Alena And Yana.
The spelling of Belarusian names conveys the peculiarities of Belarusian pronunciation.
Belarusian alphabet uses the same characters as Russian, but there are differences:
The letter is used to represent the sound "i" і
Letter ў denotes a sound close to English w
Instead of solid sign used '.
Belarusian female names
Agape
Aglaida
Agnia
Agrypina
Adelaide
Akilina
Aksinnya
Alla
Alyona
Alesya
Olympic Games
Alina
Alisa
Albina
Alzhbeta
Alexandra
Anastasia
Angelina
Angela
Anzhelika
Anissa
Anna
Antanina
Anthony
Anfisa
Ariyadna
Auginnya
Augusta
Augustsina
Audozstya
Bagdan
Balyaslava
Barbara
Branislava
Valeria
Valyantsina
Wanda
Varvara
Vasilina
Vasilisa
Faith
Veranika
Viktaryna
Victoria
Viyaleta
Volga
Vuliana
Galina
Ganna
Gardzislava
Helena
Glafira
Glycery
Grazhyna
Grypina
Daminika
Danuta
Darafey
Dar"I
Dziana
Blast furnace
Elizaveta
Eudakia
Eupraxia
Eufrasinnya
Zhana
Zinaida
Zinovia
Iryna
Casimir
Kaleria
Kamila
Canstanza
Karalina
Katsyaryna
Kira
Clara
Claudzia
Kristsina
Ksenia
Larysa
Lidzia
Lina
Looker"I
Lyubov
Ludvika
Lyudmila
Magda
Magdalena
Makryna
Malannya
Margaryta
Markela
Martha
Marcina
Maryna
Marya
Mar"yana
Matron
Maura
Melentina
Mechyslava
Miraslava
Mikhalina
Nastassya
Natalya
Nika
Nina
Nona
Palina
Paraskeva
Paula
Paulina
Pelagia
Praskaya
Pruzyna
Pulcheria
Ragneda
glad
Radaslava
Raina
Raisa
Ruzha
Ruzhana
Rufina
Safiya
Svyatlana
Serafima
Stanislava
Stefania
Suzana
Scyapanida
Tadora
Taisiya
Tamara
Tatstsyan
Teklya
Teresa
Uladzislava
Ulyana
Uscinnya
Faina
Facinnya
Flaryyan
Fyadora
Fyadossya
Fyauronnya
Kharytsina
Hvadora
Hvyadossya
Khristina
Jadviga
Ioannina
Yarmila
Yaugeniya
Yaulampia
Yaukhimiya
Traditional Belarusian female names
Alesya– forest, protector
Alyona– beautiful, torch
Aryn– peaceful
Lesya– forest, protector
Olesya– forest
Ulada
Yana- God's mercy
Yarina– sunny, furious
Yaryna– peaceful
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Belarusian names. Belarusian female names
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Most of medieval Belarusian names came to us from written sources from the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, written in - a state that arose as a union of Slavic and Lithuanian tribes and included the territories of modern Lithuania, Belarus, central and western Ukraine and the western regions of the European part of Russia.
The official language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the so-called. Western Russian written language (in scientific literature it is also known as Old Belarusian, Old Ukrainian or South Russian). The majority of the population was Orthodox, so the names of the ancestors of modern Belarusians appearing in written sources, mainly borrowed from the Orthodox calendar:
“And then there were the luminaries: Prince Mikhailo Vasilyevich, and Pan Nemira, the headman of Litsky, and Pan Bogush, and Pan Fedko, the extreme, and Pan Senko, the sub-chancellor.” (1436, ).
As we can see, three of the five “svetki” (witnesses) bear Orthodox names: Mikhailo (Mikhail), Fedko (Fedor) And Senko (Semyon). (Note that only Prince Mikhailo is given his full (church) name; and the names “Pan Fedka” and “Pan Senka” are recorded in the so-called folk (colloquial) form). The remaining witnesses are mentioned under pagan names ( Nemira And Bogush), which corresponds to the custom of double naming common among the Eastern Slavs (see. Old Russian names). This custom lasted for quite a long time and died out only by the 16th-17th centuries.
After the unification of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Kingdom of Poland, the Western Russian language began to be replaced by Polish, and Orthodoxy by Catholicism. Names from the Catholic calendar are beginning to penetrate into the Belarusian name book. As a result, since the 17th century, three naming systems have been functioning in parallel in Belarus: canonical names of the Orthodox spectrum, canonical names from the Catholic calendar and folk (colloquial) forms of names:
Vikentsiy - Vincent - Vintsuk
Afanasy - Atanasy - Apanas/PanasThe Polish language left its mark on Catholic names, as the official language of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, on Orthodox ones - Russian, which after the partition of Poland became the main language of office work in the Belarusian lands. The Belarusian language was practically forced out of official use, so the actual Belarusian forms of names were often replaced by Polonized or Russified versions:
“My name is all at home, and my family’s name is all, Yazep, and the priest and gentleman’s name is Yuzaf. And the Vaisk clerks in the Russian royal army wrote and called me Vosip albo Osip - who is…” ( Fedar Yankoski, “Cyozka”).
("Everyone at home, and all my relatives, call me Yazep, and the priest and the gentleman called Yuzaf. And the military clerk in Russian tsarist army wrote it down and my name was Vosip or Osip - whoever...")Folk forms The names of Belarusians were very diverse. Many of them were formed from church (canonical) names using suffixes or truncation: Konstantin-Kastus, Alexander-Ales, Alelka (Olelko),Alekhna (Alekhno,Olekhno). At the same time, short or suffix forms were perceived in folk life as full-fledged full names(something similar was observed in the Ukrainian name book).
The set of suffixes with which names were formed was very extensive and depended on the age and social status of the person named:
“Mothers, as you know, choose the most affectionate names for their children or, in other words, form these names from baptismal names according to the laws of language and accepted customs. So, Anton will be Antsik, Yury - Yurtsik, Michal - Mis, Mistsik, etc.<…>
When the boy had already been put on trousers and he had already become a man, then, in order to more firmly indicate this change in his life, he was no longer called Yurtsik, Petryk, Antsik, he was no longer a mama’s boy, but a worker<…>, and his name is already more suitable: Pyatruk, Alguk, Yurka, etc. This is the form of the so-called names. pastoral state.
But the boy has grown up, he is no longer a shepherd, but an adult guy. Here either he himself infiltrated himself, or perhaps someone introduced him into a group of men or women, to a party or to a play. For a group of girls, such forms of names as Alguk, Pyatruk are clearly not suitable, and in the end, the old custom requires a polite, amiable tone in the relations between young people. And so, in this area, Alguks themselves turn into Algeevs, Pyatruks into Pyatrus, Yurki into Yurasei.<…>
Finally the time comes to get married: the transition “from boys to male glory.” Here God himself ordered Ignas, Misya, Kastus to turn into Ignat, Michal, Kastush, etc.<…>But time goes by. The children have grown up. Michal, Ignat and Petra married their sons.
Daughter-in-law coming to new family, tries to be polite and courteous with everyone - and first of all, with her husband’s parents. And so Zmitser becomes Zmitrash, Butramey - Butrym, etc. And not only among the family, but also among neighbors.
Thus, in the Kryvsk (Belarusian) name book there are forms of names: for a child - Antsik, Petrik; for a teenager - Yanuk, Bavtruk, for a guy - Kastus, Yuras, for a man - Butrym, for an old man - Mikhaila, Yarash, Astash." ( Vaclav Lastoski, "Kryivska-Belarusian Name" (1918).
Subsequently, many of these suffixal forms were lost: the same Lastovsky noted that many variants of names, especially female ones, by that time were no longer actually encountered.
In 2009 in Minsk the most popular names for newborns were:
Of the traditional Belarusian names, the most popular are Alesya And Yana.
Several years ago, Belarusian legislation allowed giving children double names(previously this was only allowed if one of the parents was a foreigner). However, this opportunity is rarely used, with the exception of the Grodno and Brest regions, where many Catholics live (http://www.racyja.com/news/naviny/sotsyum/23732.html).
Rules for pronunciation of Belarusian names
Belarusian spelling is based on the phonetic principle (“what I hear is what I write”). Therefore, the spelling of names conveys the peculiarities of Belarusian pronunciation: yakane (transition of pre-stress e V I: Jagor - Wed Russian Egor ), akanye ( A instead of pre-shock O: Aleg - Wed Russian Oleg ) etc.
The Belarusian alphabet uses the same symbols as the Russian alphabet, and in most cases the letters represent the same sounds as in the Russian language. However, there are also differences:
The letter is used to represent the sound "i" і ;
- letter ў (y is short, y is non-syllabic) denotes a sound close to English w;
- instead of a hard sign, an apostrophe (’) is used.Note that in addition to official rules spelling adopted in the Republic of Belarus, there is also an alternative spelling (the so-called Tarashkevitsa, or “classical spelling”), which was used before the Belarusian spelling reform of 1933. Today, Tarashkevitsa is used mainly by representatives of the Belarusian diaspora outside the CIS, as well as some nationally oriented printed publications and web resources.
About the list of names posted on this site
The list includes names from the Orthodox and Catholic spectrum, their folk (colloquial) forms, as well as some foreign-language names that became popular in the 20th century. Various spelling options for names are also given (taking into account Tarashkevitz: Natalya-Natalia), diminutive forms, church canonical variants for names present in the Orthodox calendar (according to the Russian Orthodox Church calendar in Russian), Latinized for the form of names included in the Catholic calendar, as well as information about the meaning and origin of the name.
According to the preamble, which is contained in six of all known Belarusian chronicles, 500 families of Roman gentry and knights, led by Palemon, came to Lithuania on ships during the time of Nero, fleeing the cruelty of that emperor. In some of these chronicles there is another version: the departure took place in 401, and the reason was the atrocities of the hard-hearted Attila.
BALTIC ORIGINS
The mentioned annals and chronicles say that Palemon arrived in Lithuania with his comrades by sea, and in some cases it is specified that the fugitives took with them an astronomer who charted their way through the stars. The place of departure is not mentioned exactly anywhere. These chronicles claim that the travelers sailed by the Mizhzem Sea. Some chronicles indicate the azimuth of the route - at sunset. The ships sailed “the sea of the boundary of the earth” at midnight and entered the kingdom of “Dunsk”. By sea-Ocean we reached the mouth of the Neman River. An analysis of these texts shows the following. The use of the name Nero in some, and Attila in others, is figurative and serves to designate a completely different person, who was distinguished by some extremely biased attitude towards Palemon’s group. We assume that behind this lies the harsh Christianization coming from the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. With a deeper analysis, one can even establish the name of this Christian despot. In the chronicles the empire is called briefly - Rome. Let us also note that in Greek tradition and mythology, Palemon is the brother of Poseidon (this is a matter for a separate study). The Kingdom of Dune is Denmark, “between the lands” - this means between the islands in the straits. One of the straits in the chronicles is identified with complete certainty - Koshachiy (Shuma). Sea-Ocean is the Baltic Sea. “The Interland Sea” is what the chronicler called the North Sea. By comparing these specified names and coordinates, we establish exactly where this ethnic landing came from - the northern part of the Jutland Peninsula. As for the name of this ethnic group, there is more evidence that they brought it with them to the Neman basin. This is convincingly demonstrated by the linguistic analysis of the word Lithuania. Litus - translated from Latin - seashore, seaside. Thus, the literal designation of the Lithuanian ethnic group is Vzmortsy, Pomors, Pomeranians, Berezhans, etc. This meaning is precisely consolidated with, and, perhaps, confirms the course of our analysis, another capacious Belarusian word “lishtva” - a frame around the edge of something, mostly a window. (Some historians derive the word “Lithuania” from the Lutich tribe, who lived in Polabye and left for the lands of the Minsk region from the German-Polish expansion. The exodus “from Rome,” that is, from Polabye, is similar to the legend about the arrival of Rurik from the same lands to Ladoga. – Editor's note) This Lithuania lived in the Neman basin, accumulated ethno-energetic material, and finally the time had come to use it.
After the closure of the mouth of the Dvina by swordtails in the 13th century, Polotsk lost its first position in the ethnogenesis of the Belarusians. The passionarity of the initiative of Belarusian ethnogenesis passes to Novogorod. The question immediately arises: if there is a new one, then where is the Old Town? And I, following other pathfinders, will answer - this is Oldenburg (then Starogorod), because not one of the researchers of Belarusian antiquities found it not only on the territory of modern Belarus, the Vilna region, Poland, but also on the territory of Samogitia. This is a strong indication of where fresh blood came from to the decrepit Belarusian population and to the Volkhov. The Belarusian state at that time was called the Grand Duchy of Novogorod, and after some time - the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia. And it's clear why! Lithuania has multiplied! Part of the Belarusian territory, located between Mensk and Novogorodok, named from that time and henceforth LITHUANIA (with the Litvin ethnic group), gathered around itself the lands: Dzyavoltva, Dainova, Nalshany, Golshany, Podlasie, then Rus, respectively ethnic communities: Yatvingians, Nevrovs, Latygolu, Wends, arrived Prussians, etc. Gradually the names Lithuania, Lithuanians, Litvins spread to Polesie, Podvinia, and Dnieper. That historical Lithuania has no connection with modern Lietuva-Saemaitija, except that these names sometimes stood side by side in the name of the state and in the title of the monarch, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia and Zhomoit. Zhomoit (self-name Zhmud, in Latin transcription Samogitia) is today's Lietuvis Republic (LETUVA), a mono-ethnic Baltic country of two subethnic groups - Zhemaitians and Aukshtaits. “Lithuania, or Lithuania, is a Slavic country,” noted the bishop of Christians, who headed the Lithuanian bishopric under Mindaugas.
Following him, we will also focus on the components of our Belarusian ethnogenesis. For some reason, its Baltic component is carefully and bashfully cut off, reduced to participation in the ethnogenesis of the Samogitians, who in principle could not be crossed with the Slavs, because they are Eastern Balts and they were and are terribly far from the Western Balts and Slavs in their ethnolinguistic state. The Slavic component is brought out by our would-be researchers as almost a titular component. As a result, we lose a significant cultural mass, we lose a clear and understandable logic of reasoning when determining our origin. Remember the myths of Soviet historiography about the conquest of Belarusians by the Lithuanians (the same is still true in public consciousness Russia has a myth about Tatar-Mongol yoke) - conquered themselves. Now it is clear why the history of the Slavs was practically not studied - yes, because with real study, fairy tales about Rus', about the Slavs will fall apart, the ever-exploited myth about the onslaught of the Germans on the Slavs will crumble. As for the Germans, they absolutely do not like and do not want to talk about the participation of Slavic tribes in the formation of the German nation. The protrusion of Slavism in ours, Belarusian origin is equivalent to giving preference to one of the legs in the human body, although they are equal and identical in origin. It seems that we, like inveterate Samoyeds, are still cutting off our ancient roots and carefully destroying them. By origin, we are the same descendants of the ancient Balts as the Lietuvis, but in terms of ethnolinguistic status we are closer to the Poles than to the Russians. The last statement has been verified thousands of times by practical experiments, when a real Belarusian spoke in a Russian-speaking non-Belarusian and non-Ukrainian environment. The effect is amazing! Russian people do not understand Belarusian speech! And it’s not true that our language is absolutely Slavic! And there are no Baltic borrowings in it; these are not Baltic words at all, but ancient words of the common Indo-European lexicon. And if these are really Balticisms, then these are our Balticisms from ancient times, as much ours as the Slavic substrate and other ethnic influences, which all contributed to the creation of the original beautiful, harmonious Belarusian language. In the same way, more than 200 words, supposedly Germanisms (dah, mur, gentry, drot, etc.), in the poem by our classic Yakub Kolas “New Land” are not at all Germanisms that penetrated into our lexicon through the Polish language. If these are really Germanisms, and not relics of the Indo-European lexicon, then they came at a time when the Lutich lived next to the Juts and Saxons directly across the Elbe from them on the Jutland Peninsula. The Saxons separated from the Luticians and Bodrichi (Obodrits) by the Saxon Wall, and this clearly indicates who suffered from whom. (By the way, slave in Old German is both Sklave and Lit). The advantage in ethnic interaction will come only at the time of the adoption of Christianity by the Germans, as indicated by the preambles of the Belarusian chronicles.
OUR ANCIENT NAMES
Today we have interpretations of Lithuanian Old Belarusian names through Germanic, Baltic, Finno-Ugric languages. But, taking into account the non-identity of Lithuania and Zhomoiti, as well as Slavic origin Lithuania, one should look for the meaning of these names in the language of the ethnic group that was inherited by the Litvinians and is called today Belarusians. Vytautas Charopka (“Name in letapise”) noticed that the names of the Litvins are Slavic, or very similar (the chronicle transcription is given in brackets): Alekhna, Borza, Budikid, Butav, Vaidila (Voidim, Voinil), Viten, Warrior, Vilikail, Vishimunt , Volchka, Gediminas, Gedka, Herburt, Gestutei, Golsha, Gerden, Gedrus (Kgerdus), Ginvil, Golg (Olg), Slavka, Nemir, Nelyub, Lyalush, Les, Lesiy, Serputiy, Troyden, Ruklya, Voishalk, Tranyata, Lyubim , Milka, Lutaver, Nyazhyla, Kumets, Kruglets, Rapenya, Sirvid, Polyush, Fright, Fox, Kazleika, Lizdeika, Proksha, Davoina, Darazh, Zhygont (Vigunt), Zhibentyai, Zhiroslav, Zhedevid, Kukavoit, Kalikin, Karyat (Koryat, Ryat, Kiryak), Karybut (Koryburt, Korbout), Karygaila, Kory (Koriat), Lyubart, Lyutorg, Malk, Mingaila (Mikhailo), Nemanos, Nyastan, Plaksich, Poyata, Pramcheslav, Ratmir, Rogvolod, Rodoslav, Radislav, Truvar, Tranyata, Firley, Yundzil, Yuri (Yurgi), Yagaila, Yantak, Yamant. In the given series, the names mentioned in the Belarusian chronicles are analyzed. In light of the facts already mentioned at the beginning regarding the Lithuanian ethnic landing, and after a short analysis of the names mentioned in Toporkov’s dictionary of the Prussian language, I would clarify: they are Slavic and non-Slavic. It must be borne in mind that at the time when the events mentioned in the chronicles took place and when the chronicles themselves were being compiled, the east of modern Belarus had already felt the powerful influence of the Bulgarian church letter and the Byzantine church rite. Western Belarus and the Center (Lithuania), before their baptism by Jagiel, remained pagan and used traditional Litvinian, Krivichi, Dregovichi, Dainovian, Yatvingian, and Nalshan names. It is possible that the onomasticon of the Balts was uniform, having its own characteristics in different tribes and ethnic communities. This is where the variety of spellings of names in chronicles and documents comes from. We can already identify some features today. Local tradition and insufficient codification of Cyrillic grammar also imparted a specific spelling, which in turn changed the pronunciation of some names. In the next row of names in brackets the original ancient form or other Indo-European parallels: Vitovt (Vitavit - Sanskrit, Svyatovit - Dregovich, Prussian parallel - Vaidevut). Keistut (Greek Constantine). Lubart (formed according to the Baltic paradigm from the original Slavic form Lyub, an example of Slavic interference on a Baltic basis). Voishelk (Cornflower). Svidrigaila (Sidrik, Sirvid, Svirid). Patrymant (Bartholomew), later, according to the Baltic analogue, the Belarusians formed the form Putrymaila, directly from the name of the saint in Christian times - Patray, Butrym, Butramey. Vikant (Vinkenty). Tautivil (Theophilus, Theophilus). Koribut, Korbut (perhaps Egor was used as an analog replacement). Gorden, Gerden (Gordius, Gordey). Narbut (original form of Naribout, Nariburt). Gediminas (Edymeus, Gedka). Mingaila (Mina, Mikhaila), Punigaila (Punka). Jaunutius (Ioan, Jonathan, Jan). Davmont (Doman, Dementian), the latest Belarusian transformation according to the Baltic type Domash, according to the Church Slavic paradigm Dementey. Mindovg may have been transformed into the later Belarusian Mentya, Mindzyuk, Minda, Mendyla, Mendik, Mandryk. However, some inconsistency of the associative analogies given in this series is already visible, requiring a deeper semantic-morphological and parallel linguistic analysis. Now let’s explain the meaning of some names using “Vyalikalitoўsk (kryўsk) - race-sounding word” by Dr. Yanka Stankevich, Sanskrit and Prussian language (the chronicle transcription is given in parentheses).
ANALYSIS
OLGERD (Olgrird, Olgyrd, Oligird, Oligrd, Olgrird, Alkrird, Voligord). The name is two-part: OLG + GERD. The first morpheme is identical to the Varangian male name OLG, possibly the Varangian female Helga, the male Varangian Helgi, the Slavic VOLKH, which mean holy, bright, priest. Comparable with hell (German) - bright, holiday (English) - holiday (bright, i.e. free day). The second morpheme, GERD, is identical to the first part of the name Gedimin, Ginvil, and is also found as an independent name Gerdus, Gerdzen, Gedka, Gedroits. The morpheme GERD has independent semantics:
1. “Gіravac” - to rule, manage, comparable to the German - kirschen - to own, reign. Comparable with the name of the Persian ruler Cyrus, from whom the common noun “kiravats”, preserved in the Belarusian language, came. The semantics of the name Algerd in this case is priest-leader, priest-ruler. In the life of different ethnic groups, there were indeed periods when the functions of a public leader and a priest were combined in one person, for example, among the Prussians.
2. “Girats” - throw, shove. Girda is a stone ax that a Belarusian plowman finds in the field. Among the Krivichi and Litvins, an ancient stone ax was considered a sign of Perun, the patron and ancestor. In addition, the ax is a throwing weapon. In terms of semantics, the word “skirda” is close - hay thrown in a certain order. In this version, the meaning of the name Algerd is the priest of Perun’s arrow, the priest of Perun.
ALGIMONT (Alykgimont, Algimont, Olgimont, Olkgiskimont). Contains the morpheme OLG, identical to the first part of the previous name. The meaning of the morpheme “mont” is a person, a person; perhaps a broader interpretation is the WORLD. Analogue semantic Slavic (Dregovich?) form SVYATOMIR, possible Polish (Yatvingian) semantic analogue VALDEMAR. German semantic analogue – Helmut, Helmut. Over time, it was transformed into the actual Belarusian name Alik in strict accordance with the norm of developing short words that accurately define the meaning and are easy to pronounce.
BUTAV (Butov, var. Butovt, Butaut). Shortened form of the West Slavic Lutichian (Lithuanian) name Butovit, Bautovit. The first morpheme lives in the Belarusian surnames Bavtuto, Bautovich, Baltovich, Baltovsky, Baltrushevich, preserved to this day. Possibly carries ethnic sign belonging to the Balts, or a qualitative external characteristic - light, white, free. The second morpheme is the original form “vit” reduced by some Baltic dialect; it is equivalent to the second morpheme of the name Vitovit, meaning “one who knows”, “sorcerer”. The semantics of the name is someone who knows the Balts, perhaps a Baltic sorcerer, a witcher. It is also necessary to analyze the possibility of the origin of the first part of the name from the word “burt”, which can be traced from the chronicle spellings of the name Koriburt, Koribut, Korybout, transformed into the modern surname Korbut. By meaning it denotes a priest who, in accordance with his specialization, performs rituals near koptsy, mounds, apparently associated with the cult of the dead or dead soldiers. Similar abbreviations are confirmed by the example of the names Vitavt, Gashtout. In this case, the semantics of the name Bourtovit is “the one who knows the mounds”, “the one who manages the cult of the dead near the mounds and sends them.”
VELIKAIL (original Veligail, Veligailo, Veligaila). Semantics of the full name: Great light, great light, great priest, great priest. The name comes from the title of the high priest.
VITOVT. Derived from the ancient functional name of the priest Vitavit (in Sanskrit - one who knows the Vedas). Indo-European parallels – Svyatovit (Dregovichi), Vaidevut (Prussian). Comparable with the names vadelot (priest of a certain cult), vidivarius (warrior as part of a holy squad, virtuoso of weapons, perfect howl).
VOYSHELK (Vishelg, Voishvilk, Vyshleg). Chronicle variants demonstrate dialect divergence. Actually a Lithuanian Old Belarusian name, composed of two parts VOY + FORK.
1.Wolf Warrior. A berserker warrior who goes into a battle frenzy before battle, imitating a wolf. The wolf is the totem of the Litvins and Krivichs. (The wolf has been the totem of the Lyutichs since ancient times (who wore wolf skin in battle), among whom it was called “lyut” or “lit”, hence “Lyutva” or “Lithuania”, as well as the word “fierce”, literally meaning “wolf”. - Note Ed.).
2. According to the second version, it is formed from the name Vasily, the same as Vasilka. Possibly exists since the time of Indo-European unity in parallel to the Greek name Basil. Let's compare Art. gr. "Basilisk" is a fabulous beast. Words similar in sound and meaning are preserved in the modern Belarusian language: Voshva - shred; Valoshka is a cornflower. There are other phonetically similar names: Voyush, Voyna, Voykala, Vaidzila.
GASHTOLD, GASHTOUT (Kgashtolt, Gashtov, Kgashtovt). Derived from the Lutich name Gastivit (Gastavi) by analogy Svyatovit = Vitovt. The semantics of the name is the one who knows the guests. Based on this meaning of the morpheme “gast”, the general semantics of the name seems unlikely; one should look for other, more convincing meanings of the first morpheme. Perhaps it comes from the ancient name of a court position, the functional feature of which was the reception of guests and embassies. If the meaning of the first morpheme is similar to the Germanic Geist (Spirit), then the semantics of the name is “one who knows spirits,” which seems more convincing.
GEDIMIN (Kedmin, Kgindimin, Kgedimin, Skindimin, Gerdimin). The morpheme “Ged”, as written in one of the chronicle variants (Gerd), is identical to the second morpheme of the name Algerd. However, we believe that this is the result of Slavic interference into the Baltic nominal environment, since the semantics of the name in this variant is not confirmed by parallel linguistic analysis. More convincing is the meaning of the first morpheme "head", "chief", associated with the preserved Celtic in English Het, German Haupt. The morpheme “Min” is identical to the morpheme “MONT” and confirms the presence of tribal or dialectal differences in the Baltic onomasticon. She has independent meaning, as evidenced by the names Montigird, Montvil, Manta, Yamont. Meaning: main man, top-man, man-leader, leader. The name Gediminas is phonetically and semantically identical to the names Edmont, Edmund. A pronounced Indo-European parallel is the Greek word hegemon (leader), abbot, hegemon, German hauptmann, Lithuanian hetman, ataman, Ukrainian hetman. Derived from the name of a high-ranking military leader.
ZHIGIMONT (Zhikgimont, Zhykgimont, Zhydimin). The last chronicle form is either a typo or a convergence with the name Gedemin. Similar to the names Sigismund, Zygmund. (In the Sigismund form in the Szeges part there may be a strong Magyar interference, which arose during a period of extensive borrowing from Hungarian culture). Very well explained in Belarusian:
Zhig - 1. Fast instant jump; 2. Quick bite; 3. Unexpected (fast, instant).
Zhiga is too agile.
Zhigala - 1. Sting; 2. Censer; 3. Iron rod; 4. Awl for burning.
Zhigats - 1. Flash with lightning; 2. Run at lightning speed; 3. Flog with something flexible; 4. Stab with words.
Zhyglivy - burning. Zhygun - 1. Very agile; 2. Sneaky.
If we explain the meaning of the name Zhigimont with the meaning coming from these actually Belarusian words preserved from the times of the Indo-European proto-language, then it means: agile, fast, like lightning. This sacred meaning most corresponds to: 1. A person from among the elders of the clan, the founders of which were Perun.
2. A warrior who has achieved great perfection.
According to phonetic and graphic comparative analysis GEDIMIN = ERDIMIN = ZHIDZIMIN = ZHIGIMONT = GIRMONT = SKIRMONT = SKIRMUTH. If our assumption is correct, then these graphic variations of the name are due to dialectal divergence in the Baltic tribes. By reverse inversion of the name of this series, the form Montigird, Montogird is formed.
Montivid = inversion of Vidimont = modern surname VIDMONT.
Montigird = inversion Girdimont = Gidimin = Zhidimin = Zhigimont.
KALIKIN. The first part of the name coincides with the first part of the name Kalistrat, Cagliostro. Calligraphy (Greek) is beautiful writing. On the island of Thira in the Mediterranean Sea (1600 BC) on Cape Akrotir there was the region of Kalisto, which meant “Beautiful”, “Best”. However, all of the above undoubtedly concerns the name Kalistrat and demonstrates what interpretations an undiscerning toponymist can get stuck in. In this version, the semantics of the name is a wonderful husband, great man, semantic analogue of the names Dabragast, Dabryn, Dabramysl. An analysis of existing forms that are similar in spelling shows that the name Kalikin is an example of Slavic interference on a Baltic basis or indicates a Baltic multi-tribal dialect divergence (divergence). The morpheme “Kin” is very close to the morpheme in one of the chronicle spellings of the name of Gediminas - Kgindimin. However, having “scraped” this name, we come to the conclusion that the first morpheme “Kail” goes back to the original morpheme – “Gailo”. (In English there is a similar name Kael). The full original form is Gailygerd, Gailigin.
KEZGAYLA (Gezkaylo, Kezgaylo). Restored variants - Gezgail, Kezgail. Phonetically close to the Belarusian surname Kez, the toponym Keziki (a village in the Braslav and Postavy regions). Almost completely coincides with the toponym Gezgaly, the translation of which (gadflies) suggests a functional semantic approximation to the first morpheme of the name Zhigimont. Keuzats - to get dirty, to get dirty (talking about children). Keuzazza - to get dirty. Kizhla - slow-moving, weak. Keshkala - slowly working or slowly getting ready to travel. But these are only phonetically coinciding forms formed on the basis of the Balticisms that created the Belarusian language. It is unlikely that the princely name Kezgaila was formed by the usual way of recording a physiological feature and does not come from the register of sacred princely names. To resolve the issue, it is necessary to search for convincing meanings of the morpheme “Gez”, “Kez”.
KEISTUT (Keistuty, Kerstukh, Gestuty). Resembles the archaic Indo-European onomasticon. Indo-European parallel - Greek name Konstantin. Further Belarusian organic transformation - Kastus. After preliminary analysis, let us assume that the first morpheme is comparable to the morpheme “Kez”, the second – to the morpheme “TAUT”, which leads to the original form KEISTOUT, GESTAUT, possibly comparable to the form Gashtovt. The name is a derivative of the expressed Slavic interference on the Baltic basis.
LAORYSH (Lavrysh, Lavrash, Gavrush, Lavrymont, Rymont). The Lavrymont form shows that the morpheme “mont” could only carry the meaning male face. Rymont is an abbreviated or truncated version of Lavrymont, although it could have been formed from the name Roman.
LUTAVER. Comes from the ancient Lutichian onomasticon itself. In documents of the late Belarusian Middle Ages, Litavor, Lyutavor is known in a slightly modified form. The semantics of the first morpheme is not entirely clear, perhaps it comes from the ethnonym Lyutici, Lithuania. The semantics of the second morpheme is more perceptible, this is a warrior, the full meaning is a Litvinian warrior. An analogue of the design is vidivarium, vaidevarium, Toruvar (chronicle Truvor, warrior of Torah).
SVIDRIGAILA (Zvitrigailo, Shvertigailo, Shvitrigailo). A phonetic derivative from one of the names of the god Indra (Peruna in our opinion), more precisely: the priest of the cult of Indra (Peruna). Perhaps it was later transformed into the name Svirid, in any case, it is not yet clear from what original form the latter comes.
TAUTIVIL. Taut + Wil, the wolf man. It comes from a berserker who made his fighting name worldly, or which he received because of his berserkerism. Perhaps the name was given in honor of the founder of the clan, a totem, or to intimidate evil spirits. Comp. Latvian tautas (people), German “Deutsch”, derived from “Teutons”, Belarusian “Tuteishy”. In them, the meaning of “local”, “local” in ethnophonetic variants began to denote an ethnic community. This name lives to this day in the Tautov surname. Phonetically, it echoes the name of the Baltic people, Gauts.
ROGVOLOD. The first morpheme is identical to the second morpheme of the name Svintorog. The second is similar to the first morphemes of the names Volodar, Volodsha, the second morpheme of the name Vsevolod. It is possible that it bears the ethnic sign of belonging to the Volots, Velets. No wonder the diminutive of Volod is Vovka. However, the following explanation is more significant and reasonable: the owner of the horn. Horns are symbols and attributes of power, a kind of scepter of the priest. A horned stick, a crooked stick with a squiggle – Krev’s rod. During Christian times, the archbishop's two-horned staff was known. This also includes the semantics of another attribute, that of a ruler or a great warrior—the horns on a helmet.
SVINTOROG (Svintorog, Shvintorog, Shvintor). The name contains a morpheme identical to the first morpheme of the name Rogvolod. The first morpheme, "svin", is similar to the morpheme "saint". The horn is primarily a symbol of cult power. Svintorog founded the princely-boyar necropolis, the valley of Svintorog, from which the actual Belarusian Lithuanian word “tsvintar” was formed. The modern analogue of word formation is “svyatar”.
SKIRGAILA (Skrygailo, Skrigailo, Sergallo). Skyr+gayla. According to one version - the transformed name of Serga. But this is already a primitive explanation of the time when the Balticisms of names completely ceased to be understood by the Slavic-speaking Balto-Slavs (ancient Belarusians). With the second morpheme it is clear - light, white, priest, priest. The first is explained in Belarusian:
1. Skigat - squealing, crying. Skveraschats - to chatter like a frog. Starling - screaming in a crackling voice (compare starling). Skigat - squeal. Skverat is a scream that is striking to the ears of animals and people. Skverytstsa - cry and be capricious. Skrygat - grinding. Ascherzazza - to snap back, to object. According to these cognate words, the semantics of the first part of the name Skirgaila is loud, shrill.
2. Jan Chachot, in the list of actual Belarusian Lithuanian lexemes, gave an example of a cry used to drive sheep: “atskira” (Novogrudchyna). In the east of Belarus this cry is known in the form “shkyr”, “shkyr”. Shkyratz - to drive, to tour (very similar to the above-mentioned gyratz). Shkirka is an affectionate name for a lamb. According to these interpretations, the name Skirgaila means: sheep, lamb, or shepherd, driver, leader. When interpreted with these words, the name Skirgaila has the meaning of: a loud, secretive, stubborn person. Phonetically similar names: Askerka, Askirka, Skiruk.
UNDZIL. Dziundzik - short, pryndzik, quick, short person.
JAGAILA (Yagailo, Agat, Egailo, Igailo). The first morpheme is identical to the first morpheme of the name Yamant, the second morpheme is well known from the great variety of Baltic Belarusian names. Undoubtedly, the meaning of the second morpheme is light, white. The meaning of the first morpheme is not yet entirely clear, perhaps it is an intensification or a comparison. However, it is good to explain in Belarusian: Agazny - prone to mischief, violent behavior. It is possible that Yagaila is a shortened form of Lyakaila (pugach), Zyakhaila or Zvyagaila. Yaginya - angry woman(Baba Yaga). Jaglene - boiling, desire, impatient, passionate desire for something. Yaglits - to boil, to burn with desire, to passionately want something. The semantics of the name is a passionate, strong-willed person. Phonetically similar words: meowala - beggar, lyapala - talking nonsense.
The Old Belarusian Lithuanian onomasticon is an ancient structured system preserved by a persistent tradition, the core of which, the princely names, was created by preserving the functional names of persons of the priestly-Vayar caste. Some of the kernel names overlap with Jewish names. The name tag bears a mark of the characteristics of the sound-creating apparatus (articulation) of our ancestors, thanks to which we can trace characteristics Belarusian language at the prehistoric stage. Having a certain list of morphemes of Indo-Aryan origin, the ancestors, by combining them and inversions, put their worldview into the names and gave the names a talismanic and magical function. It is possible that names were determined by throwing dice, on the sides of which morphemes were inscribed. The construction of Baltic names is similar to Slavic and, in general, other Indo-European ones, for example: SLAVOMIR - inversion = MIROSLAV. The morphemes “tovt”, “tolt”, “dov”, “dollar”, “bout” clearly indicate the presence of a short “u” and diphthongs with it in the language of that time. This feature of the short “u” is exclusively characteristic of the Belarusian language. The morpheme “gayla” should not lead to doubt by its supposed exoticism, since it is an obligatory and characteristic part of the functional names of priests; in later times it was actively used in the formation of words in the modern Belarusian language: ab'yadaila, bastsyayla, bindzyugayla, boўala, boўkala, burkala , dzyubayla, zakidayla, padzhygayla, pasuvayla, trapaila, khvayla; surnames: Gastsila (Gastela), Gikayla, Kichkayla, Zybayla, Shukayla, Patrymaila, etc. The semantics of the morpheme “gayla” is “light”; the presence of the functional quality of a priest is determined by the first morpheme. Old Belarusian Lithuanian names have an expressive connection to ethnic Belarusian lands through toponyms: Girdzyuki, Zhabentiai (30 km from Vitebsk), Klermonty (compare with the surname Lermontov - he is not from the Scots, but from the Litvinians), Montauty, Mantsyaki, Mantatsishki, Narbuty, Nemoita ( Sennensky district!), Skermanovo, Eigerdy, Eismanty, Esmony, Yagirdy, Yamonty, etc. Where Lithuanian place names end in today's Samogitia, Samogitia itself begins. Belarusian Samogitian scholars should investigate from what time Lithuanian names appeared in the Zhmud language, how widespread are toponyms of Lithuanian origin in Samogitia (for example, the toponym Utenus is clearly comparable to the proper name Viten).
From the Editor:
You can also read in detail about the origin of ancient Belarusian names in the publication of Ivan Laskov “Zhamoitsky impasse” (“Literature and Mastatstva”, 09.17.93).
Mikhail PAVLOV, Vitebsk, Specially for the “Secret Research” Analytical Newspaper
The surnames of Slavic peoples are similar to each other in the basic lexical composition of the root. The difference may be a change in ending or suffix. The history of origin on the territory of modern Belarus is unique and interesting. Find out how to distinguish a person with Belarusian roots.
Belarusian names and surnames
Belarus is part of the group of Slavic peoples whose ancient ancestral roots are closely intertwined. States neighboring Belarus had a great influence on family formations. Representatives of the Ukrainian, Russian, Lithuanian, and Polish communities mixed their ancestral paths, creating families. Belarusian names are not much different from other East Slavic ones. Common names: Olesya, Alesya, Yana, Oksana, Alena, Vasil, Andrey, Ostap, Taras. More detailed list, arranged alphabetically, can be found in any dictionary.
Belarusian “nicknames” were formed by using a specific ending or suffix. Among the population you can find derivatives from the Russian direction (Petrov - Petrovich), Ukrainian (Shmatko - Shmatkevich), Muslim (Akhmet - Akhmatovich), Jewish (Adam - Adamovich). Over the course of several centuries, the names have changed. The sound that has survived to this day could have taken different forms several centuries ago (Gonchar - Goncharenko - Goncharenok).
Belarusian surnames - endings
Modern endings of Belarusian surnames can be different, it all depends on the roots of origin from which they had to be formed. Here is a list of the most recognizable surnames of Belarusians ending with:
- -evich, -ovich, -ivich, -lich (Savinich, Yashkevich, Karpovich, Smolich);
- based on Russian -ov, -ev (Oreshnikov - Areshnikov, Ryabkov - Rabkov);
- -sky, -tsky (Neizvitsky, Tsybulsky, Polyansky);
- -enok, -onok (Kovalenok, Zaboronok, Savenok);
- -ko is consonant with Ukrainian (Popko, Vasko, Voronko, Shchurko);
- -ok (Snopok, Zhdanok, Volchok);
- -enya (Kravchenya, Kovalenya, Deschenya);
- -uk, -yuk (Abramchuk, Martynyuk);
- -ik (Yakimchik, Novik, Emelyanchik);
- -ets (Borisovets, Malets).
Declension of Belarusian surnames
The possible declension of Belarusian surnames depends on which ending there is. In most cases, according to the rules for writing the case used, the last letters will change:
- Remizovich: in male version will change (absence of Taras Remizovich), in women's it will remain the same (absence of Anna Remizovich).
- Music - no music.
- With the ending -o remains unchanged (Golovko, Shevchenko).
Origin of Belarusian surnames
The very first ancient family changes among Belarusians began to appear among wealthy representatives of the noble and merchant families in the 14-15th century. Serfs belonging to one or another house which they served bore the same common noun “nicknames”. Boyar Kozlovsky, all peasants were called Kozlovsky: this meant that they served and were related to the same owner.
The ending -ich indicated noble origin (Toganovich, Khodkevich). The origin of Belarusian surnames was greatly influenced by the name of the area where the people lived (the village of Berezy - Berezovskie), who at that time had the dominant power on the territory of modern Belarus. A derivative from the name of the father could give a chain to the whole subsequent generation - Aleksandrovich, Vasilevsky.
