Andreev Daniil Leonidovich - biography. Daniil Leonidovich Andreev: biography, photos and interesting facts Other biographical materials

Childhood and youth

Pre-war years. War

Arrest. Prison years

last years of life

Biography

Childhood and youth

The second son of the famous Russian writer Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev (1871 - 1919) and the grandniece of Taras Shevchenko Alexandra Mikhailovna Andreeva (nee Veligorskaya; 1881 - 1906) was born in the Grunewald district of Berlin at 26 Herbertstrasse.

October 28 / November 15 (NS) A.M. dies of puerperal fever. Andreeva. The shocked father blames his newborn son for the death of his beloved wife, and grandmother Evfrosinya Varfolomeevna Veligorskaya (nee Shevchenko; 1846 - 1913) takes the boy to Moscow, to the family of his other daughter, Elizaveta Mikhailovna Dobrova (nee Veligorskaya; 1868 - 1942), the wife of a famous Moscow doctor Philip Aleksandrovich Dobrov. At this time, the Dobrovs lived in Chulkov’s house (No. 38), on the corner of Arbat and Spasopeskovsky Lane. Daniil was sick a lot, it was difficult to get him out. Later, the Dobrovs settle in Maly Levshinsky Lane.

At the age of 6, Andreeva, who was ill, contracted diphtheria and her grandmother died. That same summer, at a dacha on the Black River near St. Petersburg, a boy was stopped at the last moment on a bridge over the river: he wanted to drown himself, passionately wanting to see his mother and grandmother again as soon as possible.

Surrounded by care and attention, the boy was raised in his aunt's family as his own son. The Dobrov House was one of the literary and musical centers of Moscow at that time; I.A. Bunin, M. Gorky (godfather of Daniil), A.N. Scriabin, F.I. Chaliapin, actors of the Art Theater and others visited it. atmosphere at home, the boy begins to write poetry and prose early.

In the spring of 1915, the first poem “The Garden” appeared. In the same year, the first stories “The Journey of Insects” and “The Life of Antediluvian Animals” were written (not preserved). Also in childhood, according to the recollections of his wife A.A. Andreeva, Daniil writes a huge epic where the action takes place in a fictional interplanetary space. In the nursery, at the level of his height, the boy draws portraits of the rulers of the dynasty he has imagined.

In September 1917, Andreev entered the Moscow gymnasium E.A. Repman (9/10 Nikitsky Boulevard), which he completed in 1923. In 1924, he continued his studies at the Higher Literary and Art Institute. Bryusov (Higher State Literary Courses of the Mosprofobra). Then work on the novel “Sinners” begins. In 1926 he joined the Union of Poets (existed until 1929).

At the age of 14, in August 1921, in one of the squares surrounding the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, young Daniil saw a picture of the “Heavenly Kremlin”. The second event of the same order, expressed in the experience of World History as a single mystical flow, happens to him on Easter 1928 in the Church of the Intercession in Levshin.

At the end of August 1926, Andreev married Alexandra Lvovna Gubler (pseudonym Gorobova; 1907 - 1985), who studied with him at the Higher State Literary Courses. The wedding takes place in the Church of the Resurrection of the Word on the Assumption Vrazhek. The marriage does not last long and breaks up by the end of the second month. In February 1927, the couple officially divorced, and Andreev left the Higher State Literary Courses.

In 1928, the poem “Red Moscow” (not preserved) appeared, work continued on the novel “Sinners” (not preserved), and the cycle “Catacombs” began. The summer of 1928 takes place in Tarusa. In the summer of 1929, near the town of Tripoli in Ukraine, Andreev discovered the existence of elementals - spirits of nature: “In front of me, motionless under the cascading waterfall of sunlight, stretched an immense sea of ​​sunflowers. At that same second I felt that an invisible sea of ​​some kind of jubilant, living happiness seemed to tremble above this splendor.”

Pre-war years. War

In the 30s, Andreev worked as a type designer, writing advertisements and inscriptions, devoting most of his time and energy to literary activities. In 1930, work began on the poem “Solstice” (not preserved). The following summer he meets M.A. Voloshin, and on July 29, 1931, on the banks of the Nerussa, Andreev experiences what he called a Breakthrough of cosmic consciousness.

From February to March 1932, Andreev worked first as a literary editor, and then as a head. social services sector of the newspaper at the Moscow plant "Dynamo", from where he leaves at his own request. In the summer of the same year he finished the collection of poems “The Diary of a Poet” (destroyed by the author no later than 1933). In 1933, Andreev began work on the essay “Outlines of the Preliminary Doctrine,” which remained unfinished, and on the cycle “Foothills.” On October 20, 1934, he visits Koktebel and writes the poem “The Grave of M. Voloshin.”

In 1935, Andreev joined the Moscow City Committee of Graphic Designers. On September 8, the “Start” of the poem “The Song of Monsalvat” appears (the poem is completed in its entirety in 1938). In 1937, on the advice of E.P. Peshkova writes a letter to I.V. Stalin with a request to facilitate the return of brother V.L. Andreeva from emigration. In the fall of 1937, Andreev began work on a novel about the spiritual quest of the intelligentsia during these years, “Wanderers of the Night,” conceived as an “epic of the spirit” and a portrait of the era; interrupted by the war, the work was almost completed in 1947.

Mystical experiences continue, growing in strength and depth: in February 1932, Andreev first observed a creature, which he later called the third Witzraor (demon of great-power statehood) of Russia. In November 1933, in a church on Vlasevsky Lane, Andreev experienced an ascent to Heavenly Russia, where he was met by St. Seraphim of Sarov.

At the beginning of March 1937, Andreev met Alla Alexandrovna Ivasheva-Musatova (nee Bruzhes; 1915 - 2005), who 8 years later became his wife. Convicted together with her husband and released a year earlier than him, A.A. Andreeva became a support for Andreev in the last years of imprisonment and in the difficult years after. Preserving her husband's legacy, A.A. Andreeva made it possible to publish his main works at the end of the twentieth century.

At the end of April 1941, F.A. Dobrov, whom Andreev considered his adoptive father, dies. During the Great Patriotic War, Andreev worked on the poems “Amber” (1942) and “The Germans” (not completed), and completed the cycle of poems “Catacombs” (1928 - 1941). In July 1942, E.M. dies. Dobrova (nee Veligorskaya).

In October 1942, Andreev was drafted into the army. As part of the 196th Red Banner Rifle Division on the ice of Lake Ladoga in January 1943, Andreev entered besieged Leningrad. He was a member of the funeral team, an orderly, and a graphic designer. On June 25, 1945, he was recognized as a disabled person of the Great Patriotic War of the 2nd group with a pension of 300 rubles.

After the war he returned to Moscow and worked as a graphic designer at the Museum of Communications.

Arrest. Prison years

At the beginning of 1947, Andreev was working on completing the novel “Wanderers of the Night” (two chapters remained unwritten); is considering the second novel of the proposed trilogy - “Heavenly Kremlin”, which was supposed to embody the author’s front-line experience.

On April 21, 1947, Andreev was arrested under Article 58, the reason for which was a denunciation and the novel “Wanderers of the Night.” On April 23, A.A. was arrested. Andreev. Accused of creating an anti-Soviet group, anti-Soviet agitation and terrorist intentions, Andreev received, by the verdict of a Special Meeting at the USSR Ministry of State Security, 25 years in prison (the highest penalty in the USSR at that time) under articles 19-58-8, 58-10 part 2, 58 -11 Criminal Code of the RSFSR. Together with him, 19 of his relatives and close friends were sentenced to imprisonment for a term of 10 to 25 years in forced labor camps. Everything written by Andreev before his arrest is destroyed by the MGB.

On November 27, 1948, Andreev was escorted from the Lefortovo prison of the MGB to Vladimir prison No. 2 (“Vladimir Central”).

In 1950, Andreev completed work on the poem “Nemerech” (1937-1950), and the poetry book “Russian Octaves” was formed. In December 1950, the poem “Symphony of a City Day” was created. On December 23, work begins on “The Iron Mystery,” and on December 24, on “The Rose of the World.”

In 1951, Andreev worked on the “Morning Oratorio”, and in February he created the poem “The Death of the Terrible”. In 1952, he began work on the first version of the book “Russian Gods” (completed in 1953), and created the poem “Rukh”. In 1953, Andreev completed work on short stories for the book “The Newest Plutarch. An illustrated biographical dictionary of imaginary famous figures of all countries and times from A to Z,” written by him together with his neighbors in the “academic” cell, historian L.L. Rakov and physiologist V.V. Parin. The poem “Leningrad Apocalypse” (1949-1953) ends. In October-November 1953, before being transferred to another cell, Andreev experiences mystical experiences, which he would later call unprecedented in their grandeur.

On November 10, 1954, Andreev writes a statement addressed to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR G.M. Malenkova: “Not having yet been convinced of the existence of genuine, guaranteed democratic freedoms in our country, even now I cannot take the position of complete and unconditional acceptance of the Soviet system.” At the end of 1954, Andreev suffered a myocardial infarction. In 1955, he worked on the poems “Navna” and “At the Demons of Retribution.” On February 8, 1956, Andreev’s cousin A.F. dies in the camp hospital. Kovalenskaya (nee Dobrova). On May 2, 1956, work on “The Iron Mystery” (1950-1956) was completed. On August 10, A.A. was released from the camp. Andreev.

On August 23, 1956, the Commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a resolution: “Consider the conviction under Articles 19-58-8, 58-11 of the Criminal Code unfounded, reduce the penalty to 10 years in prison under Article 58-10, Part 2.” On August 24, Andreev’s first meeting with his wife after his arrest took place in Vladimir prison. On November 17, by the decision of the Supreme Court of the USSR, the OSO resolution of October 30, 1948 was canceled, and the case of D.L. Andreeva was sent for further investigation.

On April 23, 1957, Andreev was released from custody (Certificate No. 435 of April 23, 1957). On June 21, the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR reviewed the case of D.L. Andreev and overturned the charges against him. On July 11, 1957, Andreev was rehabilitated.

last years of life

In the summer of 1957, in the village of Kopanovo, Ryazan region, D. Andreev, who was seriously ill with pneumonia, after more than 40 years of separation, met with his older brother Vadim. In November 1957, Andreev and his wife settled in Moscow in a room at Ashcheulov Lane, 14/1, apt. 4. On November 22, Andreev again received the status of a disabled person of the second group and was assigned a pension of 347 rubles. On November 30, Andreev’s cousin A.F. dies in the Home for the Invalids in Potma. Dobrov. At the end of 1957, Andreev, together with Z. Rakhim, worked on the translation of three stories by the Japanese writer Fumiko Hayashi (F. Hayashi’s book “Six Stories”).

On February 12, 1958, Andreev writes a letter to the Central Committee of the CPSU, in which he asks to familiarize himself with the attached poetic works: “Living without talking to people and hiding literally your creativity from everyone is not only difficult, but also unbearable,” after which on February 26 he was summoned to Central Committee.

In the spring of 1958, after an exacerbation of angina and atherosclerosis, Andreev was admitted to the hospital of the Institute of Therapy of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. On June 4, Archpriest Nikolai Golubtsov conducts the wedding of Daniil and Alla Andreev in the Deposition of the Robe Church on Shabolovka, after which they set off on a trip on the Pomyalovsky steamer along the route Moscow - Ufa - Moscow. On July 5, 1958, Andreev finished the eleventh book of “Roses of the World,” and on October 12, the entire treatise.

In October 1958, work on the cycle of poems “The Tale of Yarosvet” and the prose poem “The Wrong Side of the World” were completed. On the night of October 19, Andreev writes his last poem, “Once before, in the prime of life...”, in which he prays for the salvation of his manuscripts. At the beginning of November, a cycle of poems “St. Russian Spirits” was compiled. On November 14, immediately upon returning from Goryachy Klyuch to Moscow, Andreev was admitted to the hospital of the Institute of Therapy of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.

January 23, 1959 A.A. Andreeva receives a warrant for a room in a two-room communal apartment at Leninsky Prospekt, 82/2, apt. 165, in which Andreev will live the last forty days of his life, constantly tormented by heart attacks.

Daniil Andreev died on March 30, 1959: “He suffered greatly until the very end. He died in the presence of a doctor, and his last words were addressed to this very sweet female doctor: “How kind you are!” In the coffin he lay so bright, young and beautiful, as if these torments had never happened.”

On April 3, Andreev’s funeral service took place in the Church of the Deposition of the Robe on Shabolovka (the funeral service was conducted by Archpriest Nikolai Golubtsov) and the funeral was held at the Novodevichy cemetery next to his mother’s grave.

Not a single work of Andreev was published during his lifetime.

First published in Russia in 1991, the visionary novel “Rose of the World” aroused great interest, but offensively little was known about the tragic fate of the author himself. Later, a collection of his poems, “The Iron March,” appeared. It can be said that post-Soviet public opinion, recognizing Daniil Andreev as a poet, denied him the right to be called a Prophet: his terminology grated the ear with its unusualness, visions of the other world seemed subjective and unconvincing, interpretations of past and future historical events were fantastic. The Herald of the Coming Light did not “fit” into the realities of perestroika. The writer’s widow, Alla Andreeva, on the pages of Literaturnaya Gazeta, putting her husband on a par with the geniuses of esoteric thought, argued that he was not an amateur in science and not an obscurantist: “It is impossible, undignified, to pretend that Hermes Trismegistus, Orpheus, Socrates , Plato, Dante, Boehme, Swedenborg, Vl. Soloviev were not at all representatives of a powerful esoteric tradition, but simply acted as honestly mistaken mystics...”

A year later, in the preface to “The Rose of the World,” she had to explain Andreev’s ideas, which did not fit into the canons of the Orthodox Church: “There are certainly places in the book that are not consistent with the orthodox provisions of Orthodoxy... There is a concept in the book, one of the central ones, that is unacceptable for strictly Orthodox people: interreligion.”

So who was Daniil Andreev - a poet or a Prophet, and what should be understood by this strange word “interreligion”?

...He was born under the sign of Scorpio on November 2 and, according to the eastern calendar, in the year of the Fire Horse, in 1906. These symbols promised the youngest son of the famous Russian writer Leonid Andreev a difficult and exalted life.

The famous astrologer Luis Hamon writes about November Scorpios: “As a rule, sooner or later Scorpio people begin to become interested in the occult, connecting the possibilities hidden in the subconscious; They are equally successful in establishing themselves as writers, artists, poets or musicians. They are born philosophers, deep and thoughtful researchers of both nature in general and human nature in particular... Few of those born under this Zodiac can avoid the slander and slander that at some point befall them... Everywhere they show exceptional efficiency. They never waste time. Decisive and strong-willed, they drive themselves to work like a whip again and again. In any activity, they demonstrate originality of thinking and inventive abilities.”

On November 2, Queen Cleopatra of Egypt was born, and on November 11 (1 + 1 in total gives a “two”) - Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.

The Chinese horoscope also notes the tragic fate of people born in the year of the Fire Horse: “The Horse under the sign of fire” is endowed with an extraordinary, even brilliant mind, but is too nervous... it has an unhappy fate.”

In a certain sense, Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin’s painting “The Bathing of the Red Horse,” painted in 1912, can be considered to capture the fate of young Daniil Andreev.

During childbirth, his mother, everyone’s beloved Alexandra Mikhailovna Veligorskaya, died. The father was not at all involved in raising the child, and his aunt, Elizaveta Mikhailovna, took care of him. In a patriarchal Moscow family, Daniel grew up like his own son, absorbing Orthodoxy from an early age not only as a faith, but also as a tradition of life and worldview. I went to the gymnasium and graduated from it as a Soviet school. He, the son of a “non-proletarian” writer, was barred from entering the university: Daniil Leonidovich graduated from the Higher Literary Courses and became a professional unemployed. In order to make ends meet, he mastered the specialty of a type designer. He devoted all his nights to writing poetry, which could not be published in the young Land of the Soviets, thus leading an exhausting double life. In the pre-war years, he began to write a novel about the total genocide of 1937. The manuscript ended up in the NKVD and was destroyed. Fragments were preserved only in the memoirs of the writer’s widow: “A cell filled with diverse people in 1937 at Lubyanka. Interrogations. A completely hopeless future is the same for everyone. In the same cell, together with Glinsky (an Indologist, the leader of an underground group of Moscow dreamers who are erecting an invisible spiritual edifice of confrontation of the era), there are an Orthodox priest and a mullah. Without saying a word to each other, the three take turns praying for everyone else. Silently. When the one who is praying now is taken for interrogation or he is completely exhausted, with a glance he transfers his prayer guard to one of the two remaining ones.”

The “crime” against Stalin’s militant atheism, and essentially Satanism, was postponed: the war began. At the beginning of the winter of 1942, the poet was mobilized, but due to health reasons he served as a non-combatant soldier. “On the road of life” he walked through Ladoga to besieged Leningrad, buried those killed in mass graves, reading funeral prayers over them. At the end of the war, he returned to Moscow in order to continue his literary work, but already in 1947 the forces of Darkness overtook him: for a pre-war novel about repressions, Andreev was sentenced to 25 years in the camps. In essence, it was a death sentence, painfully drawn out over time. In the Vladimir prison, Daniil Leonidovich began to sketch out the outlines of his visionary novel: “I began this book in the darkest years of tyranny that dominated two hundred million people. I started it in prison... I wrote it in secret. I hid the manuscript, and good forces - people and non-people - hid it during searches.”

The Khrushchev Commission for the Review of Cases of Political Prisoners reduced the term of imprisonment from 25 to 10 years - the terminally ill seer was released “free” in April 1957. He spent the remaining two years rewriting drafts of The Rose of the World.

The “Khrushchev Thaw” did not give rise to bright hopes: the degree of lack of spirituality, political aggressiveness and active persecution of dissent remained the same as before. Moreover, the world, which barely survived the Second War, through the efforts of Nikita Sergeevich, was actively preparing for the next cataclysm, which could be the last for humanity. Andreev wrote: “I am finishing the manuscript of “The Rose of the World” in freedom, in the golden autumn garden. He, under whose yoke the country was exhausted, has long been reaping in other worlds the fruits of what he sowed in this one.

And yet I hide the last pages of the manuscript just as I hid the first, and I do not dare to devote a single living soul to its contents, and I still have no confidence that the book will not be destroyed, that the spiritual experience with which it is saturated , will be transferred to at least someone.”

He left this life on March 30, 1959, and his body found rest in the Novodevichy cemetery next to his mother. “The Rose of the World” was published only after thirty-two long years. The Russian intelligentsia, who never lost the Lord in their souls, but remained outside of one or another traditional beliefs, perceived Andreev’s book as a breath of life-giving air, as a new Bible. And almost immediately a new danger arose that the book would be rejected for its supra-confessionalism and reminders of the dark past, for discussions about the Eternal, when in the rapid flashing of the present only the material and momentary acquired value. Anticipating this, Alla Andreeva wrote: “The personality of the poet and thinker Daniil Andreev forever bears the stamp of that era.

We must not forget about this when reading “The Rose of the World” in other times.”

Nevertheless, the visionary novel cannot go into the past - it is all directed towards the Future, the messenger of which Daniil Leonidovich rightfully considered himself to be: “The messenger is an artist in the broadest sense of the word, who, through the methods of art, allows people to join the highest truth and the highest Light pouring from other worlds."

Writer. Mystic. Esoteric. Daniil Andreev was born on October 20 (November 2), 1906 in Berlin, the son of the writer L.N. Andreev. The mother died during childbirth, the child was raised by his grandmother and aunt. The atmosphere of the house, which was visited by famous writers and artists (I.A. Bunin, M. Gorky, A.N. Scriabin, F.I. Chaliapin, etc.), had a significant influence on Andreev’s spiritual formation. He began writing poetry and prose early. The revolution of 1917 transformed many destinies and lives, including Daniil's.

Writing career

Realizing that his work and views were incompatible with Soviet reality, after graduating from high school and Higher Literary Courses, Andreev worked as a graphic designer. He continued to write poetry and prose, unable to publish. The main theme of the novel Wanderers of the Night (1937) was a new religion that unites everything. Andreev called her the Rose of the World. During the Great Patriotic War, Andreev worked on the poems Yantari and Germans (not completed). In 1942 he was drafted into the army and took part in the fighting near Leningrad. At the end of the war he was demobilized and worked as a graphic designer at the Moscow Museum of Communications. In 1946, in collaboration with S. Matveev, he published the book Significant Studies of Mountainous Central Asia.

Work on a book about Russian travelers in Africa was interrupted in 1947 by the arrest of Andreev and his wife. Andreev was accused of preparing a terrorist act and sentenced to 25 years in prison. He served his sentence in Vladimir prison. His health was compromised, but his creative spirit remained strong. Together with his neighbors in the “academic” cell, historian L. Rakov and physiologist V. Parin, he wrote the book The Newest Plutarch. An illustrated biographical dictionary of imaginary famous figures of all countries and times from A to Z (published in 1991).

The main literary works of Daniil Andreev

In prison, Andreev wrote the main works of his life - the books Russian Gods (1955, published in 1993), The Iron Mystery (1956, published in 1999) and the Rose of the World (1958, published in 1991). These works embody his religious and philosophical system of the universe. Andreev wrote that the names of the bearers of dark and light forces (Gagtungr, Yarosvet, Navna, etc.), the names of the layers of the universe (Enrof, Shadanakar) were heard by him during transcendental wanderings in other worlds. Mystical revelations are described by Andreev with the help of expressive metaphors, unusual rhythmic structure and newly invented words. The poet explained the need for word creation as follows: “There is comfort in tried and tested words, / But they don’t pour / Young wine into old wineskins. / To new understandings - a new sign / The poet and magician are obliged to give. / Word Seeker” (Not for the sake of ringing beauty..., 1955). Andreev called the book Russian Gods, which reflects the main events of Russian history, a poetic ensemble. It includes poems, poetic symphonies and poetic cycles. One of the main poems included in the book is the Leningrad Apocalypse. Andreev defined the method by which it was written as “through-through realism,” thus emphasizing that images of other worlds appear through the pictures of reality. The Iron Mystery describes the struggle between light and dark forces in the history of Russia and, more broadly, in all layers of the universe. In the Rose of the World, Andreev wrote a meta-history of Russian culture, including that created by A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, N.V. Gogol, L.N. Tolstoy and other artists, whom he called messengers. Andreev believed that the creation of a single universal religion - the Rose of the World - is the only alternative to the apocalypse.

The writer's release from prison remained impossible for several years after the death of Stalin and the 20th Party Congress, because... Andreev submitted a statement to the commission for review of cases, in which he wrote: “I did not intend to kill anyone, in this part I ask that my case be reconsidered. But until there is freedom of conscience, freedom of speech and freedom of the press in the Soviet Union, I ask you not to consider me a completely Soviet person.” He was released in 1957.

After leaving prison, Andreev continued to work on the Rose of the World and was engaged in poetic translations. In collaboration with Z. Rahim, he translated R. Hayashi’s work from Japanese.

Daniil Leonidovich Andreev(October 20 [November 2], Berlin - March 30, Moscow) - Russian writer, literary critic, philosopher. Author of the mystical work “Rose of the World”.

Biography [ | ]

Childhood and youth[ | ]

The second son of the famous Russian writer Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev (1871-1919) and the grandniece of Taras Shevchenko Alexandra Mikhailovna Andreeva (nee Veligorskaya; 1881-1906), brother of V. L. Andreev was born in the Grunewald district of Berlin at 26 Herbertstrasse.

A few days after Daniel's birth, his mother dies of puerperal fever. The shocked father blames his newborn son for the death of his beloved wife, and grandmother Evfrosinya Varfolomeevna Veligorskaya (nee Shevchenko; 1846-1913) takes the boy to Moscow, to the family of his other daughter, Elizaveta Mikhailovna Dobrova (nee Veligorskaya; 1868-1942), the wife of a famous Moscow doctor Philip Aleksandrovich Dobrov. At this time the Dobrovs lived in Chulkov’s house (No. 38), on the corner of Arbat and Spasopeskovsky Lane. Daniil was sick a lot, it was difficult to get him out. Later, the Dobrovs settle in Maly Levshinsky Lane (No. 5).

From the sick six-year-old Andreev, his grandmother becomes infected with diphtheria and dies. That same summer, at a dacha on the Black River near St. Petersburg, a boy was stopped at the last moment on a bridge over the river: he wanted to drown himself, passionately wanting to see his mother and grandmother again as soon as possible.

Surrounded by care and attention, the boy was raised in his aunt's family as his own son. The Dobrov House was one of the literary and musical centers of Moscow at that time; I. A. Bunin, M. Gorky (godfather of Daniel), A. N. Scriabin, F. I. Chaliapin, actors of the Art Theater and others visited it. atmosphere at home, the boy begins to write poetry and prose early.

In the spring of 1915, the first poem “The Garden” appeared. In the same year, the first stories “The Journey of Insects” and “The Life of Antediluvian Animals” were written (not preserved). Also in childhood, according to the recollections of his wife A. A. Andreeva, Daniil writes a huge epic, where the action takes place in a fictitious interplanetary space. In the nursery, at the level of his height, the boy draws portraits of the rulers of the dynasty he has imagined.

In September 1917, Andreev entered the Moscow Gymnasium E. A. Repman (Nikitsky Boulevard, 9/10), which he graduated from in 1923. In 1924, he continued his studies at the Higher State Literary Courses of the Mosprofobra. Then work on the novel “Sinners” begins. In 1926 he joined (existed until 1929).

At the age of 15, in August 1921, in one of the squares surrounding the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, young Daniil saw a picture of the “Heavenly Kremlin”, which he writes about in the first chapter of the second book “Roses of the World”. The second event of the same order, expressed in the experience of World History as a single mystical flow, happens to him on Easter 1928 in the Church of the Intercession in Levshin.

At the end of August 1926, Andreev married Alexandra Lvovna Gubler (pseudonym Gorobova; 1907-1985), who studied with him at the Higher State Literary Courses. The wedding takes place in the Church of the Resurrection of the Word on the Assumption Vrazhek. The marriage does not last long and breaks up by the end of the second month. In February 1927, the couple officially divorced, and Andreev left the Higher State Literary Courses.

In 1928, the poem “Red Moscow” (not preserved) appeared, work continued on the novel “Sinners” (not preserved), and the cycle “Catacombs” began. The summer of 1928 takes place in Tarusa.

Pre-war years. War[ | ]

In the 1930s, Andreev worked as a type designer, writing advertisements and inscriptions, devoting most of his time and energy to literary activities. In 1930, work began on the poem “Solstice” (not preserved). In the summer of the following year, he met M.A. Voloshin, and on July 29, 1931, on the banks of the Nerussa, Andreev experienced what he called the Breakthrough of cosmic consciousness.

From February to March 1932, Andreev worked first as a literary editor, and then as a head. social services sector of the newspaper at the Moscow plant "Dynamo", from where he leaves at his own request. In the summer of the same year he finished the collection of poems “The Diary of a Poet” (destroyed by the author no later than 1933). In 1933, Andreev began work on the essay “Outlines of the Preliminary Doctrine,” which remained unfinished, and on the cycle “Foothills.” On October 20, 1934, he visits Koktebel and writes the poem “The Grave of M. Voloshin.”

In 1935, Andreev joined the Moscow City Committee of Graphic Designers. On September 8, the “Start” of the poem “The Song of Monsalvat” appears (the poem is completed in its entirety in 1938). In 1937, on the advice of E.P. Peshkova, he wrote a letter to I.V. Stalin with a request to facilitate the return of his brother V.L. Andreev from emigration. In the fall of 1937, Andreev began work on a novel about the spiritual quest of the intelligentsia during these years, “Wanderers of the Night,” conceived as an “epic of the spirit” and a portrait of the era; interrupted by the war, the work was almost completed in 1947.

At the beginning of March 1937, Andreev met Alla Alexandrovna Ivasheva-Musatova (nee Bruzhes; 1915-2005), who 8 years later became his wife. Convicted along with her husband and released a year before him, A. A. Andreeva became a support for Andreev in the last years of imprisonment and in the difficult years after. Preserving her husband’s legacy, A. A. Andreeva made it possible to publish his main works at the end of the 20th century, including “The Rose of the World.” Subsequently, for 15 years she was the wife of the son of the writer I. A. Belousov, Evgeniy (1907-1977).

At the end of April 1941, F.A. Dobrov, whom Andreev considered his adoptive father, dies. During the Great Patriotic War, Andreev worked on the poems “Amber” (1942) and “The Germans” (not completed), and completed the cycle of poems “Catacombs” (1928-1941). In July 1942, E. M. Dobrova (nee Veligorskaya) died.

In October 1942, Andreev was drafted into the army. As part of the 196th Red Banner Rifle Division on the ice of Lake Ladoga in January 1943, Andreev entered besieged Leningrad. He was a member of the funeral team, an orderly, and a graphic designer. Received the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad". On June 25, 1945, he was recognized as a disabled person of the Great Patriotic War of the 2nd group with a pension of 300 rubles.

Arrest. Prison years[ | ]

last years of life[ | ]

In the spring of 1958, after an exacerbation of angina and atherosclerosis, Andreev was admitted to the hospital of the Institute of Therapy of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. On June 4, Archpriest Nikolai Golubtsov conducts the wedding of Daniil and Alla Andreev in the Deposition of the Robe Church on Donskoy, after which they set off on a trip on the Pomyalovsky steamer along the route Moscow - Ufa - Moscow. On July 5, 1958, Andreev finished the eleventh book of “Roses of the World,” and on October 12, the entire treatise.

Memory [ | ]

In 2003, at the request of the writer’s widow Alla Andreeva, the composer wrote music for Daniil Andreev’s poem “The Leningrad Apocalypse”.

Bibliography [ | ]

• I'll glow early. - M., 1975.
• Russian Gods. - M., 1989.
• Iron mystery. - M., 1990.
• The newest Plutarch. - M., 1991 (co-authored with V.V. Parin and L.L. Rakov).
• Rose of the world. - M., 1991 and other publications.

Born on October 20 (November 2), 1906 in Berlin, the son of the writer L.N. Andreev. The mother died during childbirth, the child was raised by his grandmother and aunt. The atmosphere of the house, which was visited by famous writers and artists (I.A. Bunin, M. Gorky, A.N. Scriabin, F.I. Chaliapin, etc.), had a significant influence on Andreev’s spiritual formation. He began writing poetry and prose early.

After graduating from high school and the Higher Literary Courses, Andreev worked as a graphic designer. He continued to write poetry and prose, unable to publish. The main theme of the novel Wanderers of the Night (1937) was a new religion that unites all world religions. Andreev called her the Rose of the World.

During the Great Patriotic War, Andreev worked on the poems Yantari and Germans (not completed). In 1942 he was drafted into the army and took part in the fighting near Leningrad. At the end of the war he was demobilized and worked as a graphic designer at the Moscow Museum of Communications. In 1946, in collaboration with S. Matveev, he published the book Significant Studies of Mountainous Central Asia. Work on a book about Russian travelers in Africa was interrupted in 1947 by the arrest of Andreev and his wife. Andreev was accused of preparing a terrorist act and sentenced to 25 years in prison.

He served his sentence in Vladimir prison. His health was compromised, but his creative spirit remained strong. Together with his neighbors in the “academic” cell, historian L. Rakov and physiologist V. Parin, he wrote the book The Newest Plutarch. An illustrated biographical dictionary of imaginary famous figures of all countries and times from A to Z (published in 1991). In prison, Andreev wrote the main works of his life - the books Russian Gods (1955, published in 1993), The Iron Mystery (1956, published in 1999) and the Rose of the World (1958, published in 1991). These works embody his religious and philosophical system of the universe. Andreev wrote that the names of the bearers of dark and light forces (Gagtungr, Yarosvet, Navna, etc.), the names of the layers of the universe (Enrof, Shadanakar) were heard by him during transcendental wanderings in other worlds. Mystical revelations are described by Andreev with the help of expressive metaphors, unusual rhythmic structure and newly invented words. The poet explained the need for word creation as follows: “There is comfort in tried and tested words, / But they don’t pour / Young wine into old wineskins. / To new understandings - a new sign / The poet and magician are obliged to give. / Word seeker" (Not for the sake of ringing beauty..., 1955).

Andreev called the book Russian Gods, which reflects the main events of Russian history, a poetic ensemble. It includes poems, poetic symphonies and poetic cycles. One of the main poems included in the book is the Leningrad Apocalypse. Andreev defined the method by which it was written as “through-through realism,” thus emphasizing that images of other worlds appear through the pictures of reality.

The Iron Mystery describes the struggle between light and dark forces in the history of Russia and, more broadly, in all layers of the universe. In the Rose of the World, Andreev wrote a meta-history of Russian culture, including that created by A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, N.V. Gogol, L.N. Tolstoy and other artists, whom he called messengers. Andreev believed that the creation of a single universal religion - the Rose of the World - is the only alternative to the apocalypse.

The writer's release from prison remained impossible for several years after the death of Stalin and the 20th Party Congress, because... Andreev submitted a statement to the commission for review of cases, in which he wrote: “I did not intend to kill anyone, in this part I ask that my case be reconsidered. But until there is freedom of conscience, freedom of speech and freedom of the press in the Soviet Union, I ask you not to consider me a completely Soviet person.” He was released in 1957. After leaving prison, Andreev continued to work on the Rose of the World and was engaged in poetic translations. In collaboration with Z. Rahim, he translated R. Hayashi’s work from Japanese.

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