The problem of preserving the memory of the feat of fallen soldiers. The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War

IN modern society many forget about the heroism of the people who died during the war years. It is precisely this problem of preserving the memory of those killed in the war that Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov considered in the text proposed for analysis.

In order to most accurately analyze the problem, the author writes about two heroes who are unlike each other, but have the same attitude towards those killed in the war. One of them takes care of historical memory due to his education: “For Prudnikov, who once studied at the history department of Moscow State University before the war, this discovery seemed extremely important.”

Another - due to his character: “He was a great-hearted man, despite his rudeness, a favorite of the entire battery and a good artilleryman.” After Captain Nikolaenko realizes that the grave is under fire Unknown Soldier, he gives the order to put down the fire. This moment teaches the reader to honor and preserve the memory of those killed in the war.

I think that author's position formulated in sentences No. 35-38: “This is not just a grave. This is, how to say, a national monument... Well, a symbol of all those who died for their Motherland.” Konstantin Mikhailovich argues that every person, in any situation, is obliged to remember those who died for their Motherland. After all, this is the main value in our life.

And without knowledge about our past we have no future.

For example, in the work of B.L. Vasilyev's "Exhibit No." the careful preservation of the memory of the deceased soldier is manifested in the behavior of the main character Anna Fedotovna. Her son died in the first years of the Great Patriotic War. All that remains of him are a few letters from the front, which the old woman values ​​and cherishes. One day to elderly woman pioneers come with a request to give letters to historical Museum. Anna Fedotovna refuses because these things connect her with her son and remind her of him. For the heroine highest value is to preserve the memory of a dear fallen soldier.

Another example is the work of V. A. Zakrutkin “Mother of Man”. main character Maria treats with trepidation the memory of those killed in the war. Returning to the plundered village, the woman first tried to bury all the dead: both her own and her enemies. There were no shovels, so she dug graves with her hands. Maria considered it inhumane not to bury the dead. For several months, the heroine searched for the bodies of her husband and son, who were killed before her eyes. At the end of the work, the woman found their remains and buried them. She carefully preserved the memory of those killed in the war.

Thus, every person should remember the feat and heroism of those who defended their Motherland, their people. The memory of the dead is a sacred value at all times. We have an obligation to preserve it.

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Lesson objectives:

1. instilling a sense of patriotism, respect, and attention to war participants;
2. Creation problematic situation in order to provoke students into a dialogue, a discussion that allows everyone to express their point of view;
3. developing the ability to analyze the unfamiliar literary work based on the skills acquired in the lessons, compose own opinion about him, see the author's position.

During the classes

I. Teacher's opening speech.

The history of mankind is, unfortunately, the history of wars, large and small. Kulikovo Field, Borodino, Kursk Bulge... Russian land, watered with the blood of Russian people. From time immemorial, Russian people have fulfilled their duty to protect native land. And in the 20th century this share did not pass our country. The most brutal and bloody war in the history of mankind came to our land on June 22, 1941.

• Why is this year significant for our country?

Yes, 65 years have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic War. Why do many writers continue to talk about it? Vasil Bykov: “Because that feat, the memory of it, no matter how much time passes, will not cool down in our hearts.” Vladimir Vysotsky:

And when it thunders, when it burns out and pays off,
And when our horses get tired of galloping under us,
And when our girls change their overcoats to dresses,
I wouldn’t forget then, I wouldn’t forgive and I wouldn’t lose.

War is an event that had to not only be experienced, but also comprehended. And therefore, again and again, writers and poets take up their pens and talk about the lessons of the Great Patriotic War.

Yes, we did everything we could,
Who could, as much as he could and how he could.
And we were the burning sun,
And we walked along hundreds of roads.
Yes, everyone was wounded, shell-shocked,
And every fourth person was killed.
And the Fatherland personally needs
And personally will not be forgotten, - poet Boris Slutsky speaks on behalf of the front-line soldiers.

Please think about the last line of this poem: And personally will not be forgotten, which echoes widely in famous words R. Rozhdestvensky: No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.

Is it so?

II. Statement of a problematic question.

Yes, we are accustomed to ceremonial television broadcasts from Red Square on Victory Day about the ceremonial laying of wreaths at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. For the 50th anniversary of the Victory, a memorial was erected at Poklonnaya Hill, and everyone who comes here meets bell ringing and the call: “Let us bow to those great years...” And every year you and I come to our village square to the obelisk in honor of the Sosvintsy participants in the Great Patriotic War, we annually participate in the Memory Watch in our village and at post No. 1 in the city. Yekaterinburg. We have a Museum of Military Glory at our school.

So we can say that, yes, indeed, “no one is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten”? Or is it different?

I invite you today to a conversation about memory.

What does it mean to remember? How should you remember?

Let's turn to the epigraph to the lesson. These are the words of R. Rozhdestvensky from his poem “Requiem”:

This is not what the dead need!
This is necessary alive!

Do we need it, living 65 years after Great Victory, remember those years?

And our contemporaries will help us figure this out: the poet Andrei Voznesensky and the writer Boris Vasiliev. Their works: the poem “Ditch” and the story “Exhibit No...” are devoted to the theme of memory.

III. IOZ – message about writers (Natasha N. and Renat N.)

IV. Conversation on the poem by A. Voznesensky “Ditch”.

Natasha N. said that reading the works of A. Voznesensky is not easy, he has an original style of writing. Did you feel it? Is what you read a poem? What does the poet himself write about this? (“Is what I’m writing a poem? A cycle of poems? That’s what interests me the least…”)

But a completely different question occupies him. And it doesn’t just occupy you, it doesn’t give you the strength to remain silent. He could only scream. And this poem is a cry, a poem is pain, a poem is an accusation, the indignant feeling of the poet.

What excited the poet so much that it was the reason for writing the poem “Ditch”? (students' answers).

The poet was shocked by this incident. And it made me think about a lot of things. Read the lines that convey the poet's indignation.

What name does Andrei Voznesensky give to this disease? What do you call people who do evil?
(IOP – vocabulary work– interpretation of the word “greed”, Natasha Yu.)
The poet is trying to get to the reasons, to the deep roots of this disease. He sees his task as follows: “The more evil I collect on the pages,” he assures, “the less of it will remain in life.”

What does the poet see as the reason for the sacrilege being committed? Is the criminal or spiritual process the main thing for him? (chapter “Sin”)

What he learned and saw there, near Simferopol, forces the poet to look at everything that is happening in a new way, to feel more strongly the full weight of responsibility for the environment. This is how the chapter “Lake” appears in the poem.

What is its semantic load? How is it connected to the main events of the poem?
The environment is scary
The ecology of the spirit is worse!(chapter “Introduction”)
Thus, the main thing for the poet is the ecology of the spirit, not nature. The poet concludes: main reason crime - in the lack of spirituality of people, in the absence of serious mental work, the work of the soul, in the oblivion of moral principles.

But there are real people, those who do not blame time for all sins, but take responsibility for themselves! This can be seen from the chapters dedicated to Chernobyl: “Man” and “Hospital”. Here we are talking about real heroes who showed courage, heroism, the best human qualities during …

The poet’s words sound like a refrain: “Because he is a man!”
Many of these people will die. But this is another question: which of them is deader? The new snouts digging up corpses near Simferopol are the dead themselves. Spiritually, morally, and not physically decayed.

And there is an eternal dispute, an eternal battle between good and evil, light and darkness, between the living and the dead. (expressive reading of the chapter “Fight”)

In that main meaning the poem, what it was written for. Even through the darkest pictures, through the mood of hopelessness, painful disgust, light shines through in the poem, pure feeling hope. The poet hopes that the very concept of “greed” will disappear (chap. “Epilogue”)

How do we imagine the poet himself, his civil position?

So, A. Voznesensky told us about an incredible, stunning, out-of-the-ordinary case. And in B. Vasiliev’s story “Exhibit No...” we are talking about more everyday things that can happen to us too.

V. Conversation based on Boris Vasiliev’s story “Exhibit No...”.

Judging by B. Vasiliev’s works about the war, we are sure that the writer reverently treats the memory of the war. He wants us, the readers, to know about the heroic deeds of people during the war and to honor their memory. It is for this purpose that Military Museums are created and exist. military glory. There is such a Museum in our school. It is clear to create a new one or update old exposition, we need to contact veterans and their relatives with a request to transfer some documents or things to the museum. Seems like a good deal...

• Why does the writer B. Vasiliev rebel against this in the story “Exhibit No...” What is he indignant about?

Conversation on questions:

1. Tell us about the life of a Moscow communal apartment during the war.
2. What were her son’s letters for Anna Fedotovna? ​​How were letters different from a funeral?
   • Analysis of the episode “At the TV” (according to plan).
   • Expressive reading by heart A. Dementyev’s poem “The Ballad of the Mother”.
3. Describe the actions of the children who came to Anna Fedotovna.
4. How did Anna Fedotovna’s life change after the letters were stolen?
5. How was the writer able to show the incommensurability of the mother’s grief and memory with the next event held at school?
6. What does Boris Vasiliev’s story teach? How should you remember?

Thus, we are convinced that the problem of memory of the war is not so simple. And if at the beginning of the lesson we named the facts indicating that our people honor veterans and remember them, now we will try to list the negative aspects in our attitude towards them. (“novoryly” are digging ditches where those executed were buried; in areas occupied during the war, there are still many unburied remains of our soldiers; a regimental banner was found at the Trinity landfill near Moscow; military orders and medals have become the subject of purchase and sale at flea markets; some the youths light a cigarette from Eternal Flame... And we remember veterans only on holidays).

Is it possible not to think about this? Don't worry about it? The main problem our society is not economic, not socio-political, not environmental problems, but the problem is moral. Spiritual poverty, a deadened conscience, a heart deaf to the pain of others—this is the cause of many of our troubles. The old wisdom says: “Do not cry for the dead - cry for those who have lost their soul and conscience.” It is memory that awakens our conscience and gives us no peace.

The theme of memory in modern literature very multifaceted. It affects many moral problems. This is the problem of forgetting the roots of one’s ancestors, the problem of loss of kindness, cordiality, conscience, etc. that is why these problems are raised again and again modern writers on the pages of their works.

Do you remember? Do you know about your relatives who participated in the Great Patriotic War?

VI. Speeches by Alena U. and Alexey K. about their relatives who died during the Great Patriotic War.

VII. Summing up the lesson.

So, let's summarize our conversation, answer the question that we identified at the beginning of the lesson: why do we need the memory of the war? How should you remember? (students' answers are heard).

We outlined the topic of the lesson with a line from A.T.’s poem. Tvardovsky: “Pain calls out to people.” Who will remind you of all the quatrains?

The war has passed, the suffering has passed,
But pain calls to people:
Come on people, never
Let's not forget about this!

So let’s remember “at what price happiness is won”, let’s treat the elderly people living next to us with care, let’s remember the war participants not only on the days of anniversary celebrations... And on the bright and bitter (“with tears in our eyes”) Victory Day Let us bow to their blessed memory!

(recording of A. Pakhmutova’s song “Let’s bow to those great years” sounds)

Homework: write an essay “What does it mean to remember?”

Good day, dear friends. In this article we offer an essay on the topic "".

The following arguments will be used:
– B. L. Vasiliev, “Exhibit No.”
– V.S. Vysotsky, “Buried in our memory for centuries...”

Our life consists of present moments, plans for the future and memories of the past, of what we have already experienced. We are accustomed to preserving pictures of the past, to feel those emotions and feelings, this is how our consciousness works. Usually we remember the brightest memories, those that caused us a storm of positive experiences, in addition, we remember the information we need. But there are also unpleasant moments when memory fails us, either in the most bright images we remember what we would like to forget. One way or another, memory is our value; plunging into past years, we relive events dear to us, and also think about the mistakes we have made in order to prevent similar things in the future.

In the story by B. L. Vasiliev “Exhibit No.,” the thread connecting Anna Fedorovna with her son is the memory of him. The only one dear person The woman goes to war, promising to return, which is not destined to come true. Having received a single letter from Igor’s son, the next thing the woman reads is the news of his death. For three days the inconsolable mother cannot calm down and stop crying. The young guy is mourned by the entire communal apartment in which he lived with his mother, everyone who saw him off last way. A week later, the funeral came, after which Anna Feodorovna “stopped screaming and crying forever.”

After changing jobs, a single woman shares food cards and money with five families in the apartment, orphaned due to terrible war. Every evening Anna Fedorovna follows her established ritual: she rereads the letters she has received. Over time, the paper wears out, and the woman makes copies, and carefully stores the originals in a box with her son’s things. For the anniversary of the Victory, they show a military chronicle; Anna Fedorovna has never watched it, but that evening her gaze still falls on the screen. Having decided that the boy’s back that flashed on the screen belongs to her Igor, she has not looked away from the TV since then. The hope of seeing her son takes away the sight of an aged woman. She begins to go blind and reading her cherished letters becomes impossible.

On her eightieth birthday, Anna Fedorovna is happy, surrounded by people who remembered Igor. Soon the next anniversary of the Victory will pass and pioneers come to the old woman, they ask to show her dear letters. One of the girls demands to give them for school museum, which causes hostility on the part of the orphaned mother. But after she drove away the assertive pioneers, the letters were not found on the spot: taking advantage of the old woman’s venerable age and blindness, the children stole them. They took her from the box and from her soul. Tears continuously flowed down the cheeks of the desperate mother - this time her Igor died forever, she could no longer hear his voice. Anna Feodorovna could not survive this blow, tears still slowly flowed down her wrinkled cheeks, although her body became lifeless. And the place for the letters was a desk drawer in the storeroom of the school museum.

In Vladimir Vysotsky’s poem “Buried in our memory for centuries...” the poet compares a person’s memory to a fragile clay vessel and calls for a careful relationship with the past. Events, dates, and faces that are so important to us are buried in our memory for centuries, and attempts to remember are not always crowned with success.

Vladimir Semenovich cites as an example memories of the war, the fact that a sapper can only make a mistake once. After such a disastrous mistake, some people are reluctant to remember the person, while others don’t even want to remember at all. The same thing happens in our lives in general: some people constantly delve into the past, while others prefer not to return to it. The past years become an old warehouse of our experiences, thoughts, emotions and scraps past life that we don't want to dig up. It is very easy to get lost in all this, and even easier to make a mistake. Our past time is like a labyrinth: to understand it, we need pointers, because the “flow of years” mixes up our memories and erases them.

Just like in war, our memories contain “mines” - the most unpleasant memories and misdeeds, everything that we want to put in the “shadow” and forget. The solution to this is to prevent errors so that they cannot cause “harm” over time.

To summarize, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of memory in our lives, its enormous importance. We must cherish what is preserved in our memories: our experience, happy moments and moments of despair, everything we have experienced. We should not consign the past to oblivion, because by losing it, a person loses a part of himself.

Today we talked about the topic “ The problem of memory: arguments from literature“. This option you can use to prepare for the Unified State Exam.