Essay “Chichikov - New Hero of the Era. Lesson summary N.V.

Chichikov as a romantic hero (based on the poem by N.V. Gogol " Dead Souls")

Without a doubt, the image of Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov is not limited to its satirical content. Chichikov is also a romantic image. Moreover, he is capable of actions that are not motivated by the satirical logic of the poem and therefore cannot be explained by it. Probably, we can consider the romantic sides of Chichikov’s character from the side of the “gentleman - robber” contradiction. Such a contradiction is always at the center of the philosophy of the romantic personality and constitutes its content.

In Pushkin this is clearly expressed, for example, in the image of Dubrovsky, where a gentleman and a robber are united in one person. Dostoevsky has the same specifics in the images of Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov. In Gogol this is less explicit and therefore less noticeable. The hero's biography is full of parodic associations, but this is not important, since a parody association is only a serious one turned inside out.

Firstly, Chichikov is a romantic hero of a secular nature. Having gotten tipsy, he began to read to Sobakevich “a message in verse from Werther to Charlotte.” This is also emphasized by the letter to him from an unknown lady.

Secondly, Chichikov is a romantic hussar. He is going to take away the governor's daughter.

Thirdly, he is a romantic robber: he breaks into Korobochka’s house at night when it’s raining.

Fourthly, Chichikov is a demonic person. He seems to be Chichikov, but in reality he is not Chichikov. He is Napoleon, who was “released... from the island of Helena, and now he is making his way to Russia.” According to the lady, pleasant in every way, Chichikov resembles “Rialda Rinaldin.” He, by a strange association of ideas in his head; postmaster, - Captain Kopeikin, despite the fact that Chichikov’s arms and legs are in place. He is also a manufacturer of counterfeit banknotes.

Fifthly, Chichikov is the Antichrist. After the identification of Napoleon with Chichikov, there follows a story about the prediction of a prophet who “came from nowhere... and announced that Napoleon is the Antichrist.” The prophet, as he should have, ended up in prison for his prediction.

Thus, it can be noted that in the image of Chichikov the characters bequeathed by Pushkin’s tradition converge: a secular romantic hero, a dandy and a robber. This indirectly confirms the similarity between Chichikov and Napoleon, which is actually just a parody quote from " Queen of Spades"Pushkin: Hermann has a "profile of Napoleon."

However, the matter is not limited to literary parody: Gogol repeatedly found the insignificant and ordinary more terrible than the majestic evil of art. Chichikov is an anti-hero, anti-villain, anti-robber - a man without signs, a middle-class official, neither fat nor thin, turns out to be the true Antichrist, who will conquer the whole world. It consists of literary projections. But, having absorbed all the romantic images, he discolored them, deprived them true value. He is most closely associated with Hermann from “The Pioneer Lady,” but of all the romantic things he retained only the hopeless prose of adventurism for the sake of money.

And yet Gogol’s hero has hope for revival, because he has reached the limit of evil in its extreme manifestations. The juxtaposition of Chichikov and the robber, Chichikov and Napoleon, Chichikov and the Antichrist makes the former a political figure and removes from him the aura of literary nobility. Evil is not given in pure form, but in its smallest and most insignificant forms. This is a kind of parodic reduction of the image. But it is precisely in this extreme fragmentation and hopelessness of evil that, according to Gogol, lies the possibility of an equally complete and absolute revival. This is organically connected with Christianity and forms one of the foundations art world "Dead souls". And this connects Chichikov with the traditions of moral renewal of heroes in subsequent Russian literature.

Lesson topic : Chichikov. Hero or anti-hero?

The purpose of the lesson: create conditions conducive to the formation of a holistic assessment of the literary hero.

Educational: continue to develop the ability to give a comprehensive assessment literary hero;

Developmental: develop communicative culture students;

Educating: to form a value-based attitude towards a literary character, to cultivate tolerance for the existence of different points of view on the same fact.

Equipment: portraits of Chichikov and landowners, statements by literary critics about Chichikov, Fogelson’s diagram, the text of the poem “Dead Souls”, “ Dictionary Russian language” by S.I. Ozhegov, tables: “The author about his hero”, “What brings Chichikov closer to the landowners”, “What is the difference between Chichikov and the landowners”, “Qualities of Chichikov that contributed to his career growth”.

Lesson Plan

I. Update background knowledge(dramatization of an episode of V.M. Shukshin’s story “Stalled”) - transition to the topic of the lesson).

II. Statement of the lesson problem: “Who is Chichikov: “scoundrel”, “acquirer” or...?”

III. Questions for discussion (on the board):

1. Chichikov in the understanding of critics.

2. Chichikov through the eyes of landowners and city officials N N: “a nice person.”

3. What brings Chichikov closer to the landowners?

4. How does Chichikov differ from landowners?

5.What qualities business man contributed to his career growth?

6. Why does the author still call him a “scoundrel”?

7. Is it possible to name Chichikov “ dead soul"? (Analysis of two episodes: the scene of the meeting with the blonde and the scene at the ball).

8.Is there hope for the hero’s revival?

IV. Lesson summary.

V. Homework: writing a miniature essay on the topic of the lesson.

During the classes

This character is the most difficult N.G. Chernyshevsky

I. Literary warm-up . 1) The proximity of Gogol’s chapters is significant. Showing various landowners, he forces us to compare and find in them what they have in common, which classifies them as “dead souls.” (The warm-up is carried out by the student who prepared the message about the Box.) Reading business card Boxes.Landowner. Korobochka Nastasya Petrovna - a collegiate secretary, "club-headed", superstitious and narrow-minded - is always waiting for you in her village and is ready to sell you even her soul at a bargain price

2) We meet this hero in the 4th chapter of the poem, in which Chichikov, having left the compassionate Korobochka, went to Sobakevich. Having stopped at a tavern for lunch, Chichikov meets Nozdryov there, who rushes to him as to an old acquaintance. (Nozdrev’s description is read out with the words: “It was a man tall..." and to the words: "... his face was splashing.")

3) “Patriot of the Russian stomach”, a hater of culture and enlightenment. Brute strength and assertiveness, boundless arrogance. A real landowner is a huckster and a hoarder. (Sobakevich)

II. Message of the topic and purpose of the lesson. Transition to the topic of the lesson The lesson begins with a dramatization of an episode of V.M. Shukshin’s story “Stalled.”

The plot of the story is quite simple: the hero, listening to his son cramming the passage assigned for homework about the bird-three from “Dead Souls,” involuntarily thinks about the question: “Who are they taking? Horses? This...Chichikov? They're bringing this guy who bought up dead souls and traveled around the edges. ... Russia is a troika, everything is thundering, everything is flooding, and in the troika there is a rogue, a cheater...”

This question tormented the main character of Vasily Shukshin’s story, Roman Zvyagin.

This question has been asked by many generations of readers. Interest in Chichikov, the main character of N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls,” continues unabated even now.

What is the appeal of this image? Why has the controversy around it not subsided since the poem was published?

The answer to this question lies in the statement of the young Chernyshevsky: “This character is the most difficult.”

In the minds of many generations of readers, they collided and argued with each other and had different impressions and opposite feelings.

How can we explain the ambiguity in the readers' assessment of the main character of the poem?

The reason lies in author's description Chichikova.

On the one hand, Gogol calls him a scoundrel: “No, it’s time to finally hide the scoundrel too. So, let’s harness the scoundrel!”

And in the same chapter another characteristic is heard: “That he is not a hero, full of perfection and virtue, is clear. Who is he? So, a scoundrel? Why a scoundrel, why be so strict with others?.. It would be fairer to call him: master, acquirer. Acquisition is the fault of everything; Because of him, deeds were carried out, to which the world gives the name of not very pure deeds...”

So who is Chichikov: “a scoundrel, an “acquirer” or...? This is exactly the topic of our lesson today.

Today we will look at Chichikov through the eyes of different people: literary scholars, heroes of the poem, through the eyes of a modern reader and, of course, through the eyes of the author himself. Such a multifaceted view will help to comprehend the mystery complex nature the main character, will deepen the understanding of the ideological and artistic originality of the poem.

III. Work in groups on questions, discuss the group’s conclusions.

1 . Literary scholars:

V. Kozhinov: “Chichikov for real strong personality…”.

S.I. Mashinsky: “In the epic with “dead souls,” Chichikov’s devilish energy and ingenuity, his character as a businessman and inventor of a new formation were most clearly revealed...”

V. Nabokov: “Fool...it was stupid to trade dead souls with the old woman and Nozdryov.”

M. B. Khrapchenko: “One of Chichikov’s qualities is the ability to mimicry, the contradiction between the desire to appear and inner essence character."

A.I. Herzen: “One active person is Chichikov, and that is a limited rogue.”

I.P. Zolotussky “After all, he cheats, and a cheat cannot help but take risks. The life of a rogue consists of ups and downs - that’s the law. But still, but still...”

V.G. Marantsman: “Chichikov, different from the landowners, is also a “dead soul.” The “brilliant joy of life” is inaccessible to him.

So, Chichikov, in the understanding of critics, is a “rogue”, “synthetic character”, “ordinariness”, “a fool capable of mimicry”, “a businessman”, “an acquirer” - and a completely opposite point of view: “a strong personality”. Literary scholars not only disagree, but also express completely opposite points of view.

2 . Heroes of the poem:

Let's listen to those from whom Chichikov bought dead souls.

Word to Manilov!

Manilov: “Pavel Ivanovich?! ABOUT! He is an extremely pleasant, educated person. He honored me and my darling Lizanka with his visit... It truly brought me such pleasure... May day... my heart's name day... Yes, the occasion brought me happiness, one might say exemplary, to talk with Pavel Ivanovich and enjoy a pleasant conversation.- Nastasya Petrovna Korobochka! What can you say about Chichikov?

Box: "A! That visitor? Then he bought dead souls from me for 15 rubles. He also buys bird feathers. And he promised to buy a lot of things. And he also puts lard into the treasury, and that’s probably why he’s a cheat.

- Let's listen to what Nozdryov has to say about Chichikov.

Nozdryov: “Who is Chichikov? Yes, he is a big scammer. If I were his boss, then, by God, I would hang him from the first tree. I also wanted, he’s such a pig, he’s such a cattle breeder, to take him away governor's daughter. I myself undertook to help him in this matter, because he and I great friends! Do you want to know who Chichikov is?! Yes, he is a fetish, in a word, a fetish. Now it is clear that he is a two-faced person. Now I know him well, he’s such a rakalia, really. I thought before that he was at least somewhat honest man, but he doesn’t understand any treatment. You can’t talk to him in any way as if you were a close person. No straightforwardness, no sincerity! Perfect Sobakevich, such a scoundrel!!!”

- Mikhailo Semyonovich Sobakevich! What is your opinion about Chichikov?

Sobakevich: “Chichikov is a good person.

Word to Stepan Plyushkin! What can you say about Chichikov?

Plyushkin: “Yes, I must admit, I see little use in this Chichikov: he has started a very indecent custom of going on visits, but there are omissions in the farm... and feed the horses with hay.So we listened to those from whom Chichikov bought an unusual product - dead souls. And what did we hear?! “The nicest, most educated person”, “a rogue”, “such rubbish”, “generous”. Opinions vary, but overall he is a good person.

- What will the officials of the city of NN say: the governor, the prosecutor, the police chief, the chairman of the chamber?

Governor: “Chichikov is a well-intentioned person.”

Prosecutor: “Pavel Ivanovich is a efficient person.”

Chief of Police: “He is a respectable and amiable man.”

Chairman of the Chamber: “Knowledgeable and respectable man.”

- Let's hear the ladies' opinion about Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov.

Ladies of the city NN: “Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov?! The most kind and courteous person.

And here the most flattering reviews were heard.

Thus, Chichikov made a pleasant impression on everyone. So Chichikov is a good person!? Yes. But in the minds of whom? In the minds of those whom Alexander Ivanovich Herzen called “dead souls”, and Gogol called “sky-smokers”.

V.G. Marantsman believes that Chichikov is related to dead souls, is their mirror, and therefore makes a pleasant impression on them.

3 . General conclusion on the issue:

Chichikov is somewhat similar to each of them. (In the Manilov spirit, he daydreamed at a party with the police chief, imagining himself as a Kherson landowner. Like Korobochka, he saves money in a bag. In collecting all sorts of rubbish, he is not inferior to Plyushkin. Like Sobakevich, Chichikov is greedy and unyielding in money matters. But he is not capable of lying worse than Nozdryov)

Chichikov does not care about the public good. (All his activities are selfish and contrary high ideals morality and humanity)

Thus, Chichikov is a “collector” negative traits all landowners.

4. Conversation: how does Chichikov differ from landowners?

Chichikov has a past. (This is a “sour and unpleasant” childhood, and the first lessons of frugality, and years of study, years of service in the treasury chamber and at customs, until the moment when Chichikov came up with the idea of ​​acquiring dead souls)

Chichikov, unlike the landowners, reflects and tries to analyze his actions. (After one of his failures - dismissal from customs for smuggling - he reflects: “Why me? Why did trouble befall me? ... Why do others prosper, and why should I disappear like a worm?”)

Chichikov's character is given in development. (From event to event, the thirst for profit grows in him)

Chichikov has energy and will.

Chichikov “was not overcome by stinginess and stinginess.” (“He had no attachment to money for the sake of money. No, it was not they that motivated him: he imagined a life ahead of him in all pleasures, with all prosperity”)

Chichikov starts “from scratch” and makes his way through his own efforts.

Thus, Chichikov, unlike the landowners, is endowed with will, energy, he has a goal to which, overcoming obstacles, he tirelessly strives. Patiently and persistently, he overcomes career barriers, gradually climbing the career ladder.

Here is the Vogelson diagram. (see Appendix 1)

It reflects the main milestones of Chichikov’s life, the history of his ups and downs. They inevitably replace each other. But, pay attention, after another crash, Chichikov again reaches the top and makes a career.

5 .Compilation of the table “Chichikov’s business qualities”

The ability to do something at the right time, to plan a “business” that brings profit. Practicality, ingenuity.

Determination.

The ability to conduct “business” (from the category of unclean).

Ability to maintain a conversation; breadth of interests.

Knows human psychology. (Chichikov easily transforms and easily moves from one manner of behavior to another, without, however, changing in any way either himself or his goals.)

Knows how to make a good impression.

Typical appearance of a successful business person.

Mimicry, adaptability. (Finding himself in a new situation, in any environment, he immediately acquires its color, its coloring, everywhere becoming “his”, a close person. Constant adaptability has perfectly polished Chichikov: sharp, sharp features are alien to his appearance, the stamp of some kind of streamlinedness lies on his external portrait)

The ability to withstand “the blows of fate.”

So, Chichikov has everything this world needs, everything that contributes to career growth and leads to enrichment.

If you create a portrait of Chichikov according to these characteristics, excluding the author’s view of the main character, you will get a portrait of an interesting business man.

6 . Drawing up a diagram of “Chichikov the Scoundrel”

To understand why the author calls Chichikov a scoundrel, you need to look at where all his energy is directed, what the purpose of life is, what means he uses to achieve it.

Chichikov is driven by one passion - acquisition. Money is the only goal of his life. Father’s instruction: “And most of all, take care and save a penny: this thing is more reliable than anything in the world,” “sank deep into the soul,” and went to good use. The desire to acquire a penny, which guided Chichikov from early childhood, turned into a passionate thirst for wealth. Maybe wanting money isn't such a bad thing. But the fact is that for Chichikov there are no moral ideals, and he does not disdain, does not disdain any means. Any means to achieve a goal are good.

Thus, the scope of action for Chichikov does not have special significance. The result is important to him. Chichikov does not believe in anything except money. He does not give a moral assessment by his action. Maybe there was an attempt to analyze my actions once, after the confiscation of stolen goods at customs: “Why me? Why did trouble befall me..." But this is most likely an attempt to justify oneself.

On the way to his goal, he betrays his old teacher. But this doesn't bother him. Money for Chichikov more important than fate the man who used to love him. So, the lack of moral ideals, the passion for profit kills everything human in the main character, corrupts his soul.

“The author does not look deeper into Chichikov’s soul, do not stir at the bottom of it that which escapes and hides from the light, do not discover the innermost thoughts that a person does not entrust to anyone else, but show him the way he appeared to the whole city, Manilov and other people, and everyone would be happy and take him for interesting person”, writes N.V. Gogol about his hero.

But thanks to the penetrating, testing gaze of the author, the main character appeared in a different, true light. Having compared Chichikov's lack of spirituality with the beautiful packaging in which it is served, we saw: before us is a scoundrel capable of breaking all moral laws for the sake of enrichment.

-What conditions contributed to the development of the thirst for profit in Chichikov? (Employment is widespread everywhere: bribes, extortions. Capital becomes the true owner).

-How are those who have capital treated? (This one word gives rise to a “tender disposition of meanness.” Others are controlled by those who own capital, and capital controls those who control others)

So, we have witnessed how the thirst for enrichment and the lack of moral ideals led to the death of Chichikov’s soul. We observed the process of desouling the immortal soul.

7. Conversation: “Is Chichikov a dead soul?” Many researchers of Gogol's work believe that the main character joined the gallery of dead souls. Is it so? Let's turn to the text of the poem.

- Let's remember what Chichikov talks about in chapter 7? (He talks about purchased peasants).

With Chichikov, according to Gogol, something unusual is happening.

- What exactly? (“When he then looked at the peasants, who, as if they had once been peasants, some strange feeling, incomprehensible to himself, took possession of him”)

Please note: “Chichikov was overcome by feeling”!

- Can this happen to someone who, according to P. Antokolsky, is a “dead soul”?

Opinions of literary scholars on this issue divided.

Some believe, including V.G. Belinsky, that these thoughts are alien to Chichikov and that they are essentially expressed by the author of the poem, only slightly hiding behind his hero.

Other literary scholars believe that there are some bright principles in Chichikov’s nature, which he, however, does not give way to, but which sometimes cause him to have serious thoughts about life.

So, we move on to the next controversial issue:“Does Gogol endow his main character with living human feelings?”

On this issue, the opinions of critics were divided, so we will now turn again to the text of the poem and, taking the position of the disputing parties, we will try to substantiate their points of view.

The first group, relying on the text of the poem, will prove that human feeling is not alien to Chichikov. The second group, also referring to the text, will prove the opposite. (Two episodes are analyzed: the scene of the meeting with the blonde on the road and the scene at the ball.)

Analysis of these episodes once again emphasizes the duality of the protagonist of the poem. On the one hand, the main character is of a “cautious and chilled character.” On the other hand, these two episodes reveal something unexpected in this character: as if some force tore “for several minutes Chichikov from the stream of vulgarity and prose with which he was fused with every cell of his being. “And the Chichikovs turn into poets for a few minutes in their lives,” says Gogol and continues, “but the word poet will be too much.” Notice how careful Gogol is, how he constantly clarifies himself: confusion, but “not a feeling of love,” similar to a “poet,” but not a “poet.”

Y. Mann interprets this episode interestingly: “And yet,” writes the critic, “what an unusually high experience for the vulgar Chichikov. And how much stronger it is than his reaction at the first meeting with a stranger! Here Chichikov felt “almost like a hussar.” This, by the way, did not escape the attention of young Chernyshevsky. In his diary, the future critic made a note: “I marveled at Gogol’s deep look at Chichikov, how he sees the poetic or hussar movement of his soul.” “Finally,” continues Yu. Mann, at the first meeting of Chichikov with the blonde, it was emphasized that it was not Chichikov, but another, “who had just begun the field of life,” who would freeze motionless when looking at the beauty. “He would stand for a long time senselessly in one place, staring senselessly into the distance.”

- And now?.. Now Chichikov had to experience a similar thing.

- What does this mean?

“Chichikov, of course, is not a poet,” says Gogol. His experience is incomparably weaker and shallower. Moreover, these are rare, exceptional moments of his life. But those minutes were there! And this is important!

Igor Petrovich Zolotussky, our contemporary, gives an interesting assessment of the story with the governor’s daughter at the ball: “Didn’t she finally let him down? Wasn’t it on her that he cut himself off and let go of the happiness that was perhaps already ready to flutter into his hands? If Chichikov had not neglected the attention of the city ladies, everything would have been wonderful... But he became upset, showed his feelings at the ball and was immediately punished.”

Thus, Chichikov, having lost his vigilance and caution, collapses again. And the reason for the next fall was, according to Zolotussky, Chichikov’s ability to lively move the soul.

8. group conclusions: is there hope for the hero’s revival?

And these unusual moments in Chichikov’s biography, his ability to respond to female beauty, sparkle in Volume I as distant harbingers of a future revival. I'm talking about N.V. Gogol's plan to lead Chichikov through the temptation of possessiveness, through life's dirt and abomination to moral rebirth.

Having the past behind him, Chichikov could also have a future. “And perhaps,” writes Gogol, “in this very Chichikov, the passion that attracts him is no longer from him, and in his cold existence lies something that will later drive a person to dust and to his knees before the wisdom of heaven.”

And this faith of Gogol in the ability of Russian people to change, faith in the potential capabilities of his soul predetermined not only central place Chichikov in Volume I, but also his supposed life path in subsequent volumes. Main character had to, having gone through the hell of Russian life, be cleansed and reborn. This possibility of spiritual rebirth is indicated by the name of the main character - Paul. There is an opinion that: the persecutor of Christians, Saul, is miraculously transformed into Paul, then follows Christ and becomes the holy apostle.

9. Teacher's word. Why is the image of Chichikov so contradictory?

But just as Gogol did not believe in the spiritual rebirth of his hero, his correction in Chapter II was difficult. And, as you know, 9 days before his death he burns the final copy of volume 2.

- Why did this happen?

““A lot, too much has been promised,” Belinsky wrote after the release of Volume I, so much that there is nowhere to get what to fulfill the promise, because it doesn’t exist in the world yet.” Life itself was against Gogol, and even his talent, uncompromisingly consistent and faithful to the truth.

Now let's return to the question posed at the beginning of the lesson: “Who is Chichikov: a scoundrel, an acquirer or..?” Write down the statement of the writer whose point of view is closer to you. Express your opinion and justify it.

So, different points of view were voiced. We see that Chichikov is capable of live human feelings, but consciously suppresses them, subordinating his entire life to acquisition and enrichment. The passion for profit took over his entire being.

Chichikov – unfulfilled hope the author, the one with whom Gogol connected the bright future of Russia. This is a man with great potential, although he is a “scoundrel.”

10. Conversation on questions:

- Does Chichikov have a literary predecessor? (Molchalin)

- How is Chichikov similar to Molchalin?

* Both follow their father's instructions.

* Able to adapt to people.

* Both play the role of a lover in order to make their path to wealth easier.

* After the rise of heroes, a fall inevitably follows.

* Make a pleasant impression on others.

* Behind external attractiveness hide base, vile characters.

- “Silent people are blissful in the world!”Can these words be attributed to Chichikov? (Yes. His ideals and the apparent speed of achieving them are always attractive in modern world Same).

IV. Lesson summary. Assessment.

The Chichikovs are tenacious. Their dedication and patience allow them to be constantly reborn.

- Why do you think this image is eternal? (1) the goal - enrichment - is attractive 2) the speed of achieving the goal is attractive.)

- Are the Chichikovs scary? (The Chichikovs are scary because, at first glance, everything is fine in appearance, in behavior, and even in goals, if not for their complete lack of spirituality, but their ideals are seductive and human conscience is sold for them at all times and in our too. The Chichikovs free themselves from everything human and are merciless to those who stand in their way).

V. Homework: writing a miniature essay on the topic of the lesson.

Annex 1

Vogelson scheme

Exposure

Customs service

Catastrophe

Superintendent. Member of the construction commission.

Service in the treasury chamber

/ “Fatherly Instruction At School”

went to waste” / Difficult childhood

Father’s testament: “You can beat everything in the world with a penny.”

Biography of Chichikov

Appendix 2

Chichikov's character traits

The desire to become one of the people

Closedness

Selfishness, individualism,

Perseverance

Economy,

Thrift;

Practicality,

Adaptability;

Mind,

- flattery,

- hypocrisy,

- immorality,

- the ability to achieve what you want at any cost, overcoming any obstacles,

- cunning,

- determination,

- prudence,

- the ability to be found everywhere and in everything.

- exceptional dedication,

- will, energy,

- persistence,

- perseverance,

- practical knowledge,

- constant activity,

- obsequiousness,

- politeness,

- ability to behave in society,

- tenacity of mind,

- survivability,

- amazing resourcefulness,

- adaptability,

- entrepreneurial spirit,

- dexterity,

- turnover,

- obsequiousness,

- insight,

- ability to be reborn,

- economy,

- prudence,

- desire for enrichment.

- excellent knowledge of people,

- amazing ability to adapt to any conditions (chameleonism),

- observation,

- diplomacy,

- patience,

- persistence,

- obsequiousness,

- ability to persuade,

- activity, energy.

- flattery,

- « great secret like",

- observation

Appendix 3

Student Scorecard

Student's name______________________________________________________________________________