Salvador was given his full name. Salvador Dali - biography, photo, personal life of the artist: Master of shocking

Name: Salvador Dali

Age: 84 years old

Place of birth: Figueres, Spain

A place of death: Figueres, Spain

Activity: painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director, writer

Family status: was married

Salvador Dali - biography

A dashingly curled mustache, a crazy look, eccentric antics - everyone saw him as a madman. But behind the outer shell of an eccentric there was a shy and complex person. This is Salvador Dali.

Salvador Dali - childhood

The family of Don Salvador Dali y Cusi was extremely happy about the appearance of their first child. They decided to name him after his father. However, the boy did not live long - he died of meningitis. The parents were overwhelmed with grief, and only the birth of another son brought them back to life. There was no doubt: this baby is the reincarnation of the first! Besides, he looks like him like two peas in a pod. The boy was also named Salvador.

When the child grew up a little, he was brought to his brother’s grave. He looked in fascination at given name on a marble slab...

Salvador Dali - enfant terrible

Residents of the Spanish town of Figueres surrounded the boy who was screaming heart-rendingly. A policeman intervened:

Yes, open your own shop and give the child a lollipop! - the law enforcement officer turned to the frightened shopkeeper, who simply asked the boy to wait until the siesta was over.

The children didn't like him. Having learned that Salvador was afraid of grasshoppers, they began to put them in his notebook and throw them down his collar. The unfortunate man cried and screamed, but there was no one willing to console him. The only outlet was drawing. At the age of six, he scratched his first sketch on a wooden table - a pair of swans, and at ten he already became an artist with his own, rather original vision of the surrounding reality.

Parents tried not to limit the young genius in anything. They gave him a separate room with a bathroom for his workshop. When it was hot, Salvador filled the bath cold water, sat in it and painted on canvas. The easel was a ribbed washing board.

Salvador Dali - career

In 1921, Salvador went to the Academy of San Fernando to hone his visual skills. He wrote an examination picture, but the commission said that the work was too small in size and gave him a chance to improve. However, a couple of days later Dali brought a drawing even smaller than the previous one. The academics gave in and accepted the gifted eccentric into the course. A few years later, he fully “repaid” his teachers for their kindness. During the exam, he told the commission: “I’m not going to demonstrate my skills to you, because none of you know as much as I know.” The arrogant know-it-all was expelled.

However, the years of study at the Academy were not in vain for Dali. He searched for himself, tried new movements - Cubism, Dadaism, wrote a lot, read Freud. But the most powerful surge of his talent happened when the artist arrived in Paris. There he met his idol - and there he joined the surrealists, whose canvases were full of allusions and bizarre forms.

Salvador Dali - biography of personal life

In a circle of surrealists, Dali first saw the woman who was destined to become the most important person in his life, the incomparable Gala.

Elena Dyakonova is 36, he is 25. Quite a youth, considering that Dali did not know women. Shortly before this, he became interested in his close friend, the poet Federico García Lorca, but the connection was not something serious.

Something trembled deep inside and made his legs give way when he saw Gala. Far from being a beauty, but what charisma! It’s no wonder that her husband, the poet Paul Eluard, kept his eyes open - as long as no one took her away. It didn’t help: she started affairs left and right. In the surrealist circle, she was mysteriously nicknamed “the muse.” Dali Gala noticed immediately. Having looked at his work, she realized that in front of her real talent. And Salvador himself has already fallen recklessly in love.

The father did not like his son’s chosen one, but Dali was ready to quarrel with the whole world for the sake of his beloved. At first, he signed one of the paintings with the words: “Sometimes I spit with pleasure on the portrait of my mother,” although he always loved his mother dearly. Then he sent his father an envelope with his sperm and a note: “Here is everything I owe you.” He turned the whole world against himself, and in 1934 he married Gala, who left her husband and daughter for him.

Finally, the wind of change blew: it turned out that the artist was known and loved in America. It was decided to go overseas.

While World War II was raging in Europe. Dali and Gala enjoyed the artist's American triumph. Money flowed like a river. Walt Disney himself invited Dali to work with him on the cartoon. True, it turned out to be so strange that they decided not to release it on screens. Later to the artist began to offer advertising contracts, he readily agreed.

Outside observers saw Dali as a crazy eccentric who does whatever comes into his head. In fact, he did what Gala wanted. After the wedding, he signed even some of his paintings “Gala Salvador Dali.”

She enjoyed the gullibility of a genius. She had many young lovers, and Dali had to put up with this. Soon he, too, began to have affairs on the side. So, in 1965, Amanda Lear appeared in his life. A strange character: there were rumors that in the past she was a man... But who cares, because Salvador needed a loved one. He still painted, but his paintings were in such demand that the artist stopped creating and began to stamp. One day Gala saw Dali painting: he took paint, dipped the brush into a bath of water and splashed it on the canvas: “And so they will buy it!”

In 1968, Gala wished to be alone. Salvador bought her a castle in Pubol. He could come there only with the prior permission of his muse. The artist suffered, but this was only the beginning. A few years later, he learned that he had Parkinson's disease. Gala immediately gave up on Dali: what good is he now?

The disease progressed. The artist had difficulty drawing - he simply drew squiggles. Gala brought him empty sheets of paper and forced him to sign on them - so that she could then draw something on them herself and sell it, passing it off as a master’s drawing.

But he continued to love Gala. When she died in 1982. Dali locked himself in her castle and received virtually no visitors. He left his home only because of a fire. Partially paralyzed, Dali called for help, but no one came... The artist had 20% of his body burned, but he survived miraculously.

He did not want to return to Pubol. He settled in his native Figueres, in his own museum, which he founded in 1974. Sick and weak, he dreamed of being buried here. When Salvador Dali died of a heart attack on January 23, 1989, the coffin with his body was placed under one of the slabs on the floor. Now every day hundreds of fans step on his grave, just as the artist himself wanted.

- greatest spanish artist, a brilliant representative of 20th century surrealism. Dali was born on May 11, 1904 in the family of a notary, a very wealthy man, Salvador Dali y Cusi, and the kind Dona Felipa Domenech. The future genius was born in a picturesque corner of the earth in the city of Figueres, located in northern Spain. Already at the age of six, the child showed talent as a painter; he enthusiastically draws landscapes hometown and its surroundings. Thanks to drawing lessons that Dali took from Professor Joan Nunez, his talent began to be accepted real shapes. Wealthy parents tried to give their son a good education. Since 1914, he studied at a monastic school in Figueres, from where he was expelled in 1918 for bad behavior. However, he successfully passes the exams and enters the Institute, which he graduates brilliantly in 1921 and, having completed his secondary education, enters the Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. At the age of sixteen, another facet of his creative nature opened up - he began to write, publishing his essays about famous artists of the Renaissance in a homemade publication called “Studio”. Admiring the works of the futurists, Dali still dreams of his own style in painting.

In Madrid he meets many famous and talented people. Among them are Luis Buñuel and famous poet Federico Garcia Lorca, who provided big influence for a beginning artist. In 1923, he was suspended from attending the Academy for a year for violating discipline. During this period, he was fascinated by the work of the great Pablo Picasso and in his paintings of this time (“Young Girls”) the influence of Cubism is clearly visible. At the end of 1925 at the Dalmau Gallery his first personal exhibition, where 27 paintings and five drawings of the future genius were presented. A little later, Dali leaves for Paris, where he becomes close with a group of surrealists by Andre Breton. During this period he wrote his first surreal paintings“Honey is Sweeter than Blood” and “Bright Joys” (1928,1929). Dalí together with Luis Buñuel for a record short term(six days) writes the script for the film “Un Chien Andalou,” the scandalous premiere of which took place in early 1929. The film has become a classic of surreal cinema. And already planned New film The Golden Age, which premiered in London in early 1931. In the same year, he met Elena Dyakonova or Gala, who later became not only his wife, but also a muse, a deity, and an inspiration for his life. long years. Gala, in turn, lived only the life of her passionately adored Dali. True, they officially got married only in 1934, after Gala divorced the writer Paul Eluard. In 1931, the artist creates such brilliant paintings, such as “The Persistence of Memory”, “Blurred Time”, the main themes of which are destruction, death and the world of sexual fantasies and unfulfilled human desires. During the period 1936-1937. Dali simultaneously creates famous painting"The Metamorphosis of Narcissus" and writes literary work under the same name.

In 1940, Dali and his wife left for the USA, where the novel “Hidden Faces” would be written and, perhaps, best book artist - " Secret life Salvador Dali." In addition, Dali was successfully engaged in commercial activities and, having accumulated an excellent fortune, in 1948 he decided to return to Spain. Every year the popularity of the great artist grows, no one doubts his genius, his paintings are valued and bought for huge amounts of money. Over time, relations between the spouses began to deteriorate and in the late 60s Dali acquired a castle for Gala.

In 1970, Dali began to build his own Theater-Museum in Figueras, investing all my money in this project. In 1974, this surreal creation, another masterpiece of the great genius, was open to the public. The museum is filled with the works of the great artist and presents a retrospective of his life. On January 23, 1989, the great artist passed away. Thousands of people came to the Museum, where his body lay, to say goodbye to the great man. Salvador Dali, according to his will, was buried here, in his Museum, under one of the unmarked slabs.

Salvador Dali, 1939

1. Translated from Spanish, "Salvador" means "savior". Salvador Dali had an older brother who died of meningitis several years before the birth of the future artist. The desperate parents found solace in Salvador's birth, later telling him that he was the reincarnation of his older brother.

2. Salvador Dalí's full name is Salvador Domenech Felip Jacinth Dalí and Domenech, Marquis de Dalí de Pubol.

3. The first exhibition of paintings by Salvador Dali took place in municipal theater Figueres when he was 14 years old.

4. As a child, Dali was an unbridled and capricious child. With his willfulness, he achieved literally everything that a small child could wish for.

5. Salvador Dali served a short term in prison. He was arrested by the Civil Guards, but since the investigation did not find any reason to keep him in prison for a long time, Salvador was released.

6. Entering the Academy fine arts, Salvador had to take a painting exam. Everything was given 6 days - during this time Dali had to complete a full-sheet drawing of the antique model. On the third day, the examiner noted that his drawing was too small, and, violating the rules of the exam, he would not enter the academy. Salvador erased the drawing and on the last day of the exam presented a new ideal version of the model, only it turned out to be even smaller than the first drawing. Despite breaking the rules, the jury accepted his work because it was perfect.

Salvador and Gala, 1958

7. Significant event in Salvador's life was a meeting with Gala Eluard (Elna Ivanovna Dyakonova), who at that time was his wife French poet Fields of Eluard. Later, Gala became Salvador's muse, assistant, lover, and then wife.

8. When Salvador turned 7 years old, his father was forced to drag him to school. He caused such a scandal that all the street vendors came running to scream. Not only that, in the first year of study little Dali he learned nothing - he even forgot the alphabet. Salvador believed that he owed this to Mr. Traiter, who is mentioned in his biography “The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, Told by Himself.”

9. Salvador Dali is the author of the Chupa Chups packaging design. Chupa Chups founder Enric Bernat asked Salvador to add something new to the wrapper, as the growing popularity of the candy required a recognizable design. In less than an hour, the artist sketched out a design for the packaging, which is now known as the Chupa Chups logo, albeit in a slightly modified form.

Dali with his father, 1948

10. A desert in Bolivia and a crater on the planet Mercury are named after Salvador Dali.

11. Art dealers are wary of Salvador Dali's latest works, as there is an opinion that during his life the artist signed blank canvases and blank sheets paper so that they could be used for forgeries after his death.

12. In addition to the visual puns that were an integral part of Dali's image, the artist also expressed surrealism verbally, often building sentences on obscure allusions and wordplay. Sometimes he spoke a strange combination of French, Spanish, Catalan and English languages, which seemed like a fun, but at the same time incomprehensible game.

13. The most famous picture The artist’s “Persistence of Memory” has very small dimensions - 24x33 centimeters.

14. Salvador was so afraid of grasshoppers that it sometimes drove him crazy. nervous breakdown. As a child, his classmates often used this. “If I were on the edge of an abyss and a grasshopper jumped into my face, I would rather throw myself into the abyss than endure its touch. This horror has remained a mystery in my life.”

Sources:

1 en.wikipedia.org

2 Biography “The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, Told by Himself,” 1942.

3 en.wikipedia.org

4 en.wikipedia.org

Rate this article:

Also read us on our channel in Yandex.Zene

25 interesting facts about Pablo Picasso 20 interesting facts about Vincent Van Gogh

Salvador Dali (full name Salvador Domenech Felip Jacinth Dali and Domenech, Marquis de Pubol, cat. Salvador Domènec Felip Jacint Dalí i Domènech, Marqués de Dalí de Púbol, Spanish Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marqués de Dalí y de Púbol ; May 11 - January 23) - spanish painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director, writer. One of the most famous representatives surrealism.

Acquaintance with new trends in painting develops - Dali experiments with the methods of cubism and dadaism. In the city he is expelled from the Academy for his arrogance and disdain to the teachers. In the same year he goes to Paris for the first time, where he meets Pablo Picasso. Trying to find his own style, in the late 1920s he created a number of works influenced by Picasso and Joan Miró. In the city he participates with Buñuel in the creation of the surreal film “Un Chien Andalou”.

Then he first meets his future wife Gala (Elena Dmitrievna Dyakonova), who was then the wife of the poet Paul Eluard. Having become close to Salvador, Gala, however, continued to meet with her husband and started relationships with other poets and artists, which at that time seemed acceptable in those bohemian circles where Dali, Eluard and Gala moved. Realizing that he actually stole his friend’s wife, Salvador paints his portrait as “compensation.”

Youth

Dali's works are shown at exhibitions, he is gaining popularity. In 1929 he joined the group of surrealists organized by Andre Breton. At the same time, there is a break with his father. The hostility of the artist’s family towards Gala, the associated conflicts, scandals, as well as the inscription made by Dali on one of the canvases - “Sometimes I spit with pleasure on the portrait of my mother” - led to the fact that the father cursed his son and kicked him out of the house. The provocative, shocking and seemingly terrible actions of the artist were not always worth understanding literally and seriously: he probably did not want to offend his mother and did not even imagine what this would lead to, perhaps he longed to experience a series of feelings and experiences that he stimulated in such a blasphemous, at first glance, act. But the father, upset by the long-ago death of his wife, whom he loved and whose memory he carefully preserved, could not stand his son’s antics, which became the last straw for him. In retaliation, the indignant Salvador Dali sent his sperm from his father in an envelope. an angry letter: “That’s all I owe you.” Later, in the book “The Diary of a Genius,” the artist, already an elderly man, speaks well of his father, admits that he loved him very much and endured the suffering caused by his son.

Break with the surrealists

After Caudillo Franco came to power in 1936, Dalí quarreled with the surrealists on the left and was expelled from the group. In response, Dali, not without reason, declares: “Surrealism is me.” Salvador was practically apolitical, and even his monarchist views should be understood surrealistically, that is, not seriously, as well as his constantly advertised sexual passion for Hitler. He lived surrealistically, his statements and works had a broader and deep meaning, rather than the interests of specific political parties. So, in 1933, he painted the picture The Riddle of William Tell, where he depicts Lenin in the image with a huge buttock. Dali reinterpreted the Swiss myth according to Freud: Tell became a cruel father who wants to kill his child. Personal memories of Dali, who broke with his father, were layered. Lenin was perceived by communist-minded surrealists as spiritual, ideological father. The painting depicts dissatisfaction with an overbearing parent, a step towards the formation of a mature personality. But the surrealists took the drawing literally, as a caricature of Lenin, and some of them even tried to destroy the canvas.

The evolution of creativity. Departure from surrealism

In 1937, the artist visited Italy and was delighted with the works of the Renaissance. In his own works correctness begins to dominate human proportions and other features of academicism. Despite the departure from surrealism, his paintings are still filled with surrealist fantasies. Later Dali (in best traditions his conceit and outrageousness) credits himself with saving art from modernist degradation, with which he associates his own name (“Salvador” translated from Spanish means “Savior”).

Dali in the USA

With the outbreak of the Second World War, Dali and Gala left for the United States, where they lived from 2000 to 2000. In 2010, he published a fictionalized autobiography, “The Secret Life of Salvador Dali.” His literary experiments, as well as works of art, as a rule, turn out to be commercially successful. He collaborates with Walt Disney. He invites Dali to test his talent in cinema - an art that at that time was surrounded by an aura of magic, miracles and wide possibilities. But the surreal cartoon project Destino, proposed by Salvador, was considered commercially unfeasible, and work on it was stopped. Dali works with director Alfred Hitchcock and paints the scenery for the dream scene from the film Spellbound. However, the scene was included in the film very truncated - again for commercial reasons.

Middle and old years

After returning to Spain, he lives mainly in his beloved Catalonia. In 1965 he came to Paris and again, as almost 40 years ago, conquered it with his works, exhibitions and shocking actions. He makes whimsical short films and takes surreal photographs. In his films, he mainly uses reverse viewing effects, but skillfully selected subjects (flowing water, a ball bouncing down the steps), interesting comments, a mysterious atmosphere created acting artist, makes films unusual examples of art house. Dali appears in commercials, and even in such commercial activities he does not miss the opportunity for self-expression. TV viewers will long remember a chocolate commercial in which the artist takes a bite of a piece of a bar, after which his mustache twirls in euphoric delight and he exclaims that he has gone crazy from this chocolate.

His relationship with Gala is quite complicated. On the one hand, from the very beginning of their relationship, she promoted him, found buyers for his paintings, convinced him to paint works that were more understandable to the mass audience (the change in his painting at the turn of the 20-30s was striking), shared with him the luxury, and need. When there was no order for paintings, Gala forced her husband to develop product brands and costumes: her strong, decisive nature was very necessary for the weak-willed artist. Gala was putting things in order in his studio, patiently putting away canvases, paints, and souvenirs that Dali had scattered senselessly while looking for the right thing. On the other hand, she constantly had relationships on the side, in later years the spouses often quarreled, Dali's love was rather a wild passion, and Gala's love was not without calculation, with which she married a genius. In 1968, Dali bought a castle for Gala in the village of Pubol, in which she lived separately from her husband, and which he himself could visit only with the written permission of his wife. In 1981, Dali developed Parkinson's disease. Gala dies in the city.

Last years

After the death of his wife, Dali experiences deep depression. His paintings themselves are simplified, and in them for a long time the dominant motif is grief (variations on the theme “Pietà”). Parkinson's disease also prevents Dali from painting. His most last works(“Cockfights”) are simple squiggles in which the bodies of the characters are guessed - last attempts self-expression of an unhappy sick person. It was difficult to care for a sick and distraught old man; he threw himself at the nurses with whatever came to hand, screamed, and bit. In 1984, there was a fire in the castle. The paralyzed old man rang the bell unsuccessfully, trying to call for help. In the end, he overcame his weakness, fell out of bed and crawled towards the exit, but lost consciousness at the door. He was taken to hospital with severe burns, but survived. Sick and frail, Dali died on January 23, 1989 from a heart attack. The only intelligible phrase he uttered during the years of illness was “My friend Lorca”: the artist recalled the years of his happy, healthy youth, when he was friends with the poet Federico García Lorca. Dali's body is walled up in the floor in one of the rooms of the Dali Theater-Museum in Figueres. The artist bequeathed to bury him so that people could walk around the grave.

Plaque on the wall in the room where Dali is buried

Some works

• Self-Portrait with Raphael's Neck (1920-1921) This is one of Dali's first works. Made in an impressionist style.

• Portrait of Luis Buñuel (1924) Like "Still Life" (1924) or "Puristic Still Life" (1924), this picture created during Dali’s search for his manner and style of execution, the atmosphere is reminiscent of the paintings of De Chirico.

• Flesh on the Stones (1926) Dali called Picasso his second father. This canvas is made in a cubist manner unusual for El Salvador, like the previously painted “Cubist Self-Portrait” (1923). In addition, Dali also painted several portraits of Picasso.

• The Gizmo and the Hand (1927) Experiments continue with geometric shapes. You can already feel that mystical desert, the manner of painting landscapes characteristic of Dali of the “surrealist” period, as well as some other artists (in particular, Yves Tanguy).

• The Invisible Man (1929) Also called "Invisible", the painting shows metamorphosis, hidden meanings and contours of objects. Dali often returned to this technique, making it one of the main features of his painting. This applies to a number of later paintings, such as, for example, “Swans Reflected in Elephants” (1937) and “The Appearance of a Face and a Bowl of Fruit on the Seashore” (1938).

• Enlightened Pleasures (1929) Reveals Dali's obsessions and childhood fears. He also uses images borrowed from his own “Portrait of Paul Eluard” (1929), “Riddles of Desire: “My Mother, My Mother, My Mother” (1929) and some others.

• The Great Masturbator (1929) The painting, like Enlightened Pleasures, is a field for studying the artist’s personality.

• William Tell (1930) Rethinking the role and essence of the Swiss folk hero, presenting him in the film as an overbearing father who, with his pressure, his “dictatorship,” fetters the development and personal maturation of his son. The father's phallus on display, the scissors in his hand, is an illustration of the Freudian idea of ​​the castration complex that a son experiences, suppressed by the image of his father.

• The Persistence of Memory (1931) One of the most famous works Salvador Dali. Like many others, it uses ideas from previous works. In particular, this is a self-portrait and ants, a soft watch and the shore of Cadaqués, Dali’s birthplace.

• Paranoid Transformations of Gala's Face (1932) It’s like a picture-instruction for Dali’s paranoiac-critical method.

• Retrospective Bust of a Woman (1933) Surreal item. Despite the huge bread and cobs - symbols of fertility, Dali seems to emphasize the price at which all this is given: the woman’s face is full of ants eating her up.

• The Mystery of William Tell (1933) One of Dali's outright mockeries of Andre Breton's communist love and his leftist views. Main character according to Dali himself, this is Lenin in a cap with a huge visor. In “The Diary of a Genius,” Dali writes that the baby is himself, screaming “He wants to eat me!” There are also crutches here - an indispensable attribute of Dali’s work, which retained its relevance throughout the artist’s life. With these two crutches the artist props up the visor and one of the leader’s thighs. This is not the only famous work on this topic. Back in 1931, Dali wrote “Partial Hallucination. Six apparitions of Lenin on the piano."

• Mae West's face (used as a surreal room) (1934-1935) The work was realized both on paper and in the form of a real room with furniture in the form of a lip-sofa and other things.

• Woman with a Head of Roses (1935) The head of roses is rather a tribute to Arcimboldo, an artist beloved by the surrealists. Arcimboldo, long before the advent of the avant-garde as such, painted portraits of court men, using vegetables and fruits to compose them (eggplant nose, wheat hair, etc.). He (like Bosch) was something of a surrealist before surrealism.

• The Pliable Structure with Boiled Beans: A Premonition of the Civil War (1936) Like Autumn Cannibalism, written the same year, this picture is the horror of a Spaniard who understands what is happening to his country and where it is heading. This painting is akin to “Guernica” by the Spaniard Pablo Picasso.

• Venus de Milo with boxes (1936) The most famous Dalian item. The idea of ​​boxes is also present in his paintings. This can be confirmed by “Giraffe on Fire” (1936-1937), “Anthropomorphic Locker” (1936) and other paintings.

• Telephone - Lobster (1936) A so-called surrealistic object is an object that has lost its essence and traditional function. Most often it was intended to evoke resonance and new associations. Dali and Giacometti were the first to create what Salvador himself called “objects with a symbolic function.”

• Sunshine Table (1936) and Poetry of America (1943) When advertising has become a part of everyone's life, Dali resorts to it to create a special effect, a kind of unobtrusive culture shock. In the first picture he casually drops a pack of CAMEL cigarettes onto the sand, and in the second he uses a bottle of Coca-Cola.

• Metamorphoses of Narcissus (1936-1937) Or "The Metamorphosis of Narcissus". Deeply psychological work.

• The Riddle of Hitler (1937) Dali himself spoke differently about Hitler. He wrote that he was attracted to the Fuhrer’s soft, plump back. His mania did not cause much enthusiasm among the surrealists, who had leftist sympathies. On the other hand, Dali subsequently spoke of Hitler as a complete masochist who started the war with only one goal - to lose it. According to the artist, he was once asked for an autograph for Hitler and he made a straight cross - “the complete opposite of the broken fascist swastika.”

• Slave Market with the Appearance of Voltaire's Invisible Bust (1938) One of Dali's most famous "optical" paintings, in which he skillfully plays with color associations and angles of view. Another extreme famous work this kind is “The Gala, looking out over the Mediterranean Sea, at a distance of twenty meters turns into a portrait of Abraham Lincoln” (1976).

• A dream caused by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate a second before awakening (1944) This bright picture has a feeling of lightness and instability of what is happening. In the background is a long-legged elephant. This character appears in other works, such as The Temptation of St. Anthony (1946).

• Naked Dali contemplating five ordered bodies turning into corpuscles from which Leonardo’s Leda is unexpectedly created, fertilized by the face of Gala (1950) One of many paintings dating back to the period of Dali’s passion for physics. It breaks images, objects and faces into spherical corpuscles or some kind of rhinoceros horns (another obsession demonstrated in diary entries). And if an example of the first technique is “Galatea with Spheres” (1952) or this painting, then the second is based on “The Explosion of Raphael’s Head” (1951).

• Crucifixion or Hypercubic Body (1954) Corpus hypercubus - a painting depicting the crucifixion of Christ. Dalí turns to religion (as well as mythology, as exemplified by The Colossus of Rhodes (1954)) and writes biblical stories in his own way, bringing a considerable amount of mysticism into the paintings. The wife Gala is now becoming an indispensable character in “religious” paintings. However, Dali does not limit himself and allows himself to write quite provocative things. Such as “The Sodom Self-Pleasure of the Innocent Maiden” (1954).

• Last Supper (1955) The most famous painting, showing one of the biblical scenes. Many researchers still argue about the value of the so-called “religious” period in Dali’s work. The paintings “Our Lady of Guadalupe” (1959), “The Discovery of America through the Dream of Christopher Columbus” (1958-1959) and “Ecumenical Council” (1960) (in which Dali depicted himself) - prominent representatives paintings of that time.

The canvas presents in its entirety scenes from the Bible (the supper itself, Christ’s walking on water, the crucifixion, prayer before the betrayal of Judas), which are surprisingly combined, intertwined with each other.

The biblical theme occupies a significant position in the works of Salvador Dali. The artist tried to find God in the world around him, in himself, imagining Christ as the center of the primordial Universe (“Christ of St. John of the Cross”, 1951).

Dali sculptures

Salvador Dali in 1972

The image of Dali in cinema

see also

Notes

Literature

• Delassin S. Gala for Dali. Biography of a married couple. M., Text, 2008.
• George Orwell. The privilege of spiritual shepherds. Essay. - Lenizdat, 1990.

Links

, graphic artist, sculptor, director, writer

School of Fine Arts of San Fernando, Madrid

Salvador Dali(full name Salvador Felipe Jacinto Fares Dalí and Domenech Marquis de Dalí de Pubol, Spanish Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marqués de Dalí de Púbol ; May 11 - January 23) - Spanish artist, painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director. One of the most famous representatives of surrealism. Marquis de Dali de Pubol (). Films: “Un Chien Andalusian”, “The Golden Age”, “Spellbound”.

Biography

Dali's works are shown at exhibitions, he is gaining popularity. In 1929 he joined the group of surrealists organized by Andre Breton.

After Caudillo Franco came to power in 1936, Dalí quarreled with the surrealists on the left and was expelled from the group. In response, Dali, not without reason, declares: “Surrealism is me.”

With the outbreak of the Second World War, Dali and Gala left for the United States, where they lived from 2000 to 2000. In 2010, he released his fictionalized autobiography, “The Secret Life of Salvador Dali.” His literary experiments, like his works of art, usually turn out to be commercially successful.

After returning to Spain, he lives mainly in his beloved Catalonia. In 1981, he develops Parkinson's disease. Gala dies in the city.

Dali died on January 23, 1989 from a heart attack. The artist's body is walled up in the floor of the Dali Museum in Figueres. great artist During his lifetime, he bequeathed to bury him so that people could walk on the grave. Flash photography is not permitted in this room.

Plaque on the wall in the room where Dali is buried

• Chupa Chups design (1961) Enrique Bernat called his caramel "Chups", and at first it came in only seven flavors: strawberry, lemon, mint, orange, chocolate, coffee with cream and strawberry with cream. The popularity of “Chups” grew, the amount of caramel produced increased, and new flavors appeared. Caramel could no longer remain in its original modest wrapper; it was necessary to come up with something original so that “Chups” would be recognized by everyone. In 1961, Enrique Bernat turned to his fellow countryman, famous artist Salvador Dali with a request to draw something memorable. Brilliant artist I didn’t think long and in less than an hour I sketched out a picture for him that depicted the Chupa Chups daisy, which in a slightly modified form is today recognizable as the Chupa Chups logo in all corners of the planet. The difference between the new logo was its location: it is located not on the side, but on top of the candy
• A crater on Mercury is named after Salvador Dali.

• In 2003, the Walt Disney Company released cartoon"Destino". Development of the film began with Dali's collaboration with American animator Walt Disney back in 1945, but was delayed due to the company's financial problems.

The most famous and significant works

• Portrait of Luis Buñuel (1924) Like “Still Life” (1924) or “Puristic Still Life” (1924), this painting was created during Dali’s search for his manner and style of execution, and in its atmosphere it is reminiscent of De Chirico’s paintings.

• Flesh on the Stones (1926) Dali called Picasso his second father. This canvas is made in a cubist manner unusual for El Salvador, like the previously painted “Cubist Self-Portrait” (1923). In addition, Salvador painted several portraits of Picasso.

• The Gizmo and the Hand (1927) Experiments with geometric shapes continue. You can already feel that mystical desert, the manner of painting landscapes characteristic of Dali of the “surrealist” period, as well as some other artists (in particular, Yves Tanguy).

• The Invisible Man (1929) Also called "Invisible", the painting shows metamorphoses, hidden meanings and contours of objects. Salvador often returned to this technique, making it one of the main features of his painting. This applies to a number of later paintings, such as, for example, “Swans Reflected in Elephants” (1937) and “The Appearance of a Face and a Bowl of Fruit on the Seashore” (1938).

• Enlightened Pleasures (1929) It is interesting because it reveals the obsessions and childhood fears of El Salvador. He also uses images borrowed from his own “Portrait of Paul Eluard” (1929), “Riddles of Desire: “My Mother, My Mother, My Mother” (1929) and some others.

• The Great Masturbator (1929) Much loved by researchers, the painting, like “Enlightened Pleasures,” is a field of study for the artist’s personality.

Painting “The Persistence of Memory”, 1931

• The Persistence of Memory (1931) Perhaps the most famous and discussed in artistic circles work by Salvador Dali. Like many others, it uses ideas from previous works. In particular, this is a self-portrait and ants, a soft watch and the shore of Cadaqués, the birthplace of El Salvador.

• The Mystery of William Tell (1933) One of Dali's outright mockeries of Andre Breton's communist love and his leftist views. The main character, according to Dali himself, is Lenin in a cap with a huge visor. In The Diary of a Genius, Salvador writes that the baby is himself, screaming “He wants to eat me!” There are also crutches here - an indispensable attribute of Dali’s work, which retained its relevance throughout the artist’s life. With these two crutches the artist props up the visor and one of the leader’s thighs. This is not the only known work on this topic. Back in 1931, Dali wrote “Partial Hallucination. Six apparitions of Lenin on the piano."

• The Riddle of Hitler (1937) Dali himself spoke differently about Hitler. He wrote that he was attracted to the Fuhrer’s soft, plump back. His mania did not cause much enthusiasm among the surrealists, who had leftist sympathies. On the other hand, Salvador subsequently spoke of Hitler as a complete masochist who started the war with only one goal - to lose it. According to the artist, he was once asked for an autograph for Hitler and he made a straight cross - “the complete opposite of the broken fascist swastika.”

• Telephone - Lobster (1936) A so-called surrealistic object is an object that has lost its essence and traditional function. Most often it was intended to evoke resonance and new associations. Dali and Giacometti were the first to create what Salvador himself called “objects with a symbolic function.”

• Mae West's face (used as a surreal room) (1934-1935) The work was realized both on paper and in the form of a real room with furniture in the form of a lip-sofa and other things.

• Metamorphoses of Narcissus (1936-1937) Or "The Metamorphosis of Narcissus". Deeply psychological work. The motif was used as the cover of one of Pink Floyd's CDs.

• Paranoid Transformations of Gala's Face (1932) It’s like a picture-instruction for Dali’s paranoiac-critical method.

• Retrospective Bust of a Woman (1933) Surreal item. Despite the huge bread and cobs - symbols of fertility, Salvador seems to emphasize the price at which all this is given: the woman’s face is full of ants eating her up.

• Woman with a Head of Roses (1935) The head of roses is rather a tribute to Arcimboldo, an artist beloved by the surrealists. Arcimboldo, long before the advent of the avant-garde as such, painted portraits of court men, using vegetables and fruits to compose them (eggplant nose, wheat hair, etc.). He (like Bosch) was something of a surrealist before surrealism.

• The Pliable Structure with Boiled Beans: A Premonition of the Civil War (1936) Like Autumn Cannibalism, written the same year, this picture is the horror of a Spaniard who understands what is happening to his country and where it is heading. This painting is akin to “Guernica” by the Spaniard Pablo Picasso.

• Sunshine Table (1936) and Poetry of America (1943) When advertising has become a part of everyone's life, Dali resorts to it to create a special effect, a kind of unobtrusive culture shock. In the first picture he casually drops a pack of CAMEL cigarettes onto the sand, and in the second he uses a bottle of Coca-Cola.

• Venus de Milo with a basin (1936) The most famous Dalian item. The idea of ​​boxes is also present in his paintings. This can be confirmed by “Giraffe on Fire” (1936-1937), “Anthropomorphic Locker” (1936) and other paintings.

• Slave Market with the Appearance of Voltaire's Invisible Bust (1938) One of Dali's most famous "optical" paintings, in which he skillfully plays with color associations and angles of view. Another extremely famous work of this kind is “Gala, looking at the Mediterranean Sea, at a distance of twenty meters turns into a portrait of Abraham Lincoln” (1976).

• A dream caused by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate a second before awakening (1944) This bright picture has a feeling of lightness and instability of what is happening. In the background is a long-legged elephant. This character appears in other works, such as “The Temptation of St. Anthony” (1946).

• Naked Dali contemplating five ordered bodies turning into corpuscles from which Leonardo’s Leda is unexpectedly created, fertilized by the face of Gala (1950) One of many paintings dating back to the period of Salvador’s passion for physics. He breaks images, objects and faces into spherical corpuscles or some kind of rhinoceros horns (another obsession demonstrated in the diary entries). And if an example of the first technique is “Galatea with Spheres” (1952) or this painting, then the second is based on “The Explosion of Raphael’s Head” (1951).

• Hypercubic Body (1954) Corpus hypercubus - a painting depicting the crucifixion of Christ. Dali turns to religion (as well as mythology, as exemplified by “The Colossus of Rhodes” (1954)) and writes biblical stories in his own way, introducing a considerable amount of mysticism into the paintings. The wife Gala is now becoming an indispensable character in “religious” paintings. However, Dali does not limit himself and allows himself to write quite provocative things. Such as "Sodom's Satisfaction of the Innocent Maiden" (1954).

• Last Supper (1955) The most famous painting showing one of the biblical scenes. Many researchers still argue about the value of the so-called “religious” period in Dali’s work. The paintings “Our Lady of Guadalupe” (1959), “The Discovery of America through the Dream of Christopher Columbus” (1958-1959) and “Ecumenical Council” (1960) (in which Dali depicted himself) are bright representatives of the paintings of that time.

“The Last Supper” is one of the master’s most amazing paintings. It presents in its entirety scenes from the Bible (the supper itself, Christ’s walking on water, the crucifixion, prayer before the betrayal of Judas), which are surprisingly combined, intertwined with each other. It's worth saying that biblical theme occupies a significant position in the work of Salvador Dali. The artist tried to find God in the world around him, in himself, imagining Christ as the center of the primordial Universe (“Christ of San Juan de la Cruz”, 1951).

Links

• 1500+ paintings, biography, resources (English), Posters (English)
• Salvador Dali (English) on the Internet Movie Database

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.