Message on the topic of easel art. The meaning of easel art in the dictionary of fine art terms
The meaning of EASEL ART in the Glossary of Terms visual arts
EASEL ART
A term that denotes works of painting, sculpture and graphics that have an independent character and meaning (unlike, for example, works of monumental art, applied and book graphics and others specifically designed for any structures, publications or products and forming an indissoluble unity with them). The ideological and artistic meaning of works of easel art does not change depending on the place where they are located, although their artistic sound depends on the conditions of exhibition. The term “easel art” comes from the “machine” on which many works of art are created (in painting, for example, it is an easel). Easel art has developed widely since the Renaissance, with the collapse of the universal complexes of medieval artistic culture and the formation of many types secular art, designed for a more intimate and direct perception. Easel forms of art became especially widespread at the end of the 18th-20th centuries, when, in an era of turbulent social movements, they acquired great social significance.
(Illustration. O. Kiprensky. Portrait of A. S. Pushkin. 1827, oil.)
Dictionary of fine art terms. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what EASEL ART is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- EASEL ART
- EASEL ART
art, a term that denotes works of painting, sculpture and graphics that have an independent character and (unlike, for example, works of monumental art... - EASEL ART
- EASEL ART
a type of fine arts, the works of which are independent in nature and do not have a direct utilitarian or decorative purpose (paintings, statues, prints, drawings). ... - EASEL ART
a type of fine arts, the works of which are independent in nature and do not have a direct decorative or utilitarian purpose (in painting, paintings; in ... - ART in Quotation Wiki:
Data: 2009-08-26 Time: 08:49:16 - = A = * And art? - Only a game, Similar only to life, similar only to... - ART in the Newest Philosophical Dictionary:
a term used in two meanings: 1) skill, skill, dexterity, dexterity, developed by knowledge of the matter; 2) creative activity aimed at creating artistic... - ART
(Greek - techne, Lat. - ars, English and French - art, Italian - arte, German - Kunst) One of the universal... - ART
- 1. Artistic creativity in general - literature, architecture, sculpture, painting, graphics, decorative and applied arts, music, dance, theater, cinema and others... - ART in Statements of famous people:
- ART in the Dictionary One sentence, definitions:
- a mediator of what cannot be expressed. Johann Wolfgang ... - ART in Aphorisms and clever thoughts:
a mediator of what cannot be said. Johann Wolfgang ... - ART in the Basic terms used in A.S. Akhiezer’s book Critique of Historical Experience:
- a specialized form of human activity, a special side of any of its forms, including religion, science, etc. And through a kind of fusion... - ART in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
publishing house, Moscow. Founded in 1936. Literature on the history and theory of fine arts and architecture, theater, cinema, radio and television; albums... - ART in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
one of the forms public consciousness, component spiritual culture of humanity, a specific kind of practical-spiritual exploration of the world. In this regard, to I. ... - ART V Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Euphron:
arts and art-critical magazine, ed. in Moscow since 1905 monthly. Ed.-ed. N.Ya.... - ART in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- ART in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
1) artistic creativity in general - literature, architecture, sculpture, painting, graphics, decorative arts, music, dance, theater, cinema, etc. In ... - ART in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, -a, cf. 1. Creative reflection, reproduction of reality in artistic images. I. music. I. cinema. Fine Arts. Decorative and applied arts. 2. ... - EASEL
STANDARD ART, type of image. claim-in, prod. which they wear on their own. character and do not have direct decor. or utilitarian purposes (in painting... - ART in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"THE ART OF CINEMA", monthly. lit.-art. and critical-journalistic. magazine, since 1931, Moscow. Founders (1998) - State. Faculty of the Russian Federation for Cinematography, Union of Cinematographers... - ART in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"ART AND ARTISTIC INDUSTRY", monthly. illustrated magazine, in 1898-1902 published in St. Petersburg by the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, ed. N.P. ... - ART in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"ART FOR ART" ("pure art"), called. a number of aesthetic concepts that affirm the self-completion of art. creativity, independence of art from politics and societies. requirements. ... - ART in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"ART", magazine on art. lawsuit Basic in 1933 (did not appear in 1941-46), Moscow. Published as an organ of the USSR Ministry of Culture, ... - ART in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"ART", State Publishing House. Institute for printing Ros. Federation, Moscow. Basic in 1936. Literature on the history and theory of images. lawsuits and... - ART in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ART, art. creativity in general - literature, architecture, sculpture, painting, graphics, arts and crafts, music, dance, theater, cinema and other varieties... - ART in the Complete Accented Paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
art, art, art, art, art, art, art, art, art, art, art, art, ... - ART in the Dictionary of epithets:
Creative artistic activity. Boundless, unprincipled, sterile, pointless, meaningless, brilliant, combative, eternal, militant, exciting, magical, free (obsolete), lofty, humanistic, humanitarian (obsolete), ... - ART in the Popular Explanatory Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language:
-a, s. 1) Artistic creativity in general; reflection, reproduction of reality in artistic images. Monuments of art. Modern Art. ...The best monument... - ART in the Thesaurus of Russian Business Vocabulary:
Syn: skill, ... - ART in the Russian Language Thesaurus:
Syn: skill, ... - ART in Abramov's Dictionary of Synonyms:
art. Fine arts: music, painting, sculpting (sculpture), architecture (architecture), mosaic; poetry, dancing, facial expressions, singing, acting, etc. See occupation, knowledge, ... - ART in the Russian Synonyms dictionary:
Syn: skill, ... - ART in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
Wed 1) Creative artistic activity. 2) Creative industry artistic activity. 3) A system of techniques and methods in smb. branches of practical activity; ... - ART in Lopatin’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
art,... - ART in Ozhegov’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
the very thing that requires such skill, military mastery, etc. art is a creative reflection, reproduction of reality in artistic images and music. I. cinema. ... - ART in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
1) artistic creativity in general - literature, architecture, sculpture, painting, graphics, decorative and applied arts, music, dance, theater, cinema and other varieties... - ART V Explanatory dictionary Russian language Ushakov:
art, cf. 1. units only Creative artistic activity. Do art. New trends in art. 2. The branch of creative artistic activity. Basic... - ASSEMBLY in the Lexicon of non-classics, artistic and aesthetic culture of the 20th century, Bychkova:
(French assemblage - connection, assembly, installation) Type of work contemporary art, or an artifact, which is a three-dimensional composition made up of any objects... - STYLE in the Dictionary of Fine Arts Terms:
- (from the Greek stylos - a pointed writing stick), stable unity figurative system, expressive means, characterizing artistic originality those or...
Easel art Easel art
A term that denotes works of painting, sculpture and graphics that have an independent character and meaning (unlike, for example, works of monumental art, applied and book graphics, etc., specifically intended for any buildings, publications or products and forming with them indissoluble unity). The ideological and artistic significance of works of easel art does not change depending on the place where they are located, although their artistic sound depends on the conditions of exhibition. The term “easel art” comes from the “machine” on which many works of art are created (in painting, for example, it is an easel). Easel art has developed widely since the Renaissance, with the collapse of the universal complexes of medieval artistic culture and the formation of many types of secular art, designed for a more intimate and direct perception. Easel forms of art became especially widespread at the end of the 18th-20th centuries, when, in an era of turbulent social movements, they acquired great social significance.
(Source: “Popular Art Encyclopedia.” Edited by V.M. Polevoy; M.: Publishing House “Soviet Encyclopedia”, 1986.)
See what “Easel art” is in other dictionaries:
Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
A type of fine arts, the works of which are independent in nature and do not have a direct decorative or utilitarian purpose (in painting - paintings; in sculpture - statues, busts, etc.). The name comes from the machine (easel,... ... Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies
Easel art- EASEL ART, a type of fine arts, the works of which are independent in nature and do not have a direct utilitarian or decorative purpose (paintings, statues, prints, drawings). The name comes from the machine (easel and... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
A type of fine arts, the works of which are independent in nature and do not have a direct decorative or utilitarian purpose (unlike, for example, works of monumental art or book illustration). In painting... ... Wikipedia
A type of fine arts, the works of which are independent in nature and do not have a direct decorative or utilitarian purpose (in painting, paintings; in sculpture, statues, busts, groups, easel reliefs; in graphics, prints, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
A term that denotes works of painting, sculpture and graphics that have an independent character and (in contrast, for example, to works of monumental art (See Monumental Art) or book illustration (See... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Easel art- image section claim VA, including production, having independent. character and meaning not related to k.l. artist ensemble or with utilitarian functions. The term S.I. is associated with a machine, on which many are created. prod. isk va (for example, an easel). S.I.... ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary
art- ▲ plastic art, image, real fine art, a group of arts based on the reproduction of specific life phenomena in their visible objective form. art painting... Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language
This article may contain original research. Add links to sources, otherwise it may be set for deletion. More information may be on the talk page. (May 25, 2011) ... Wikipedia
Books
- Sergey Kalmykov. Orenburg period. 1893-1937, Smekalov Igor Vladimirovich. The book is dedicated to the artist Sergei Ivanovich Kalmykov (1891-1967), early period whose life and work are inextricably linked with Orenburg. Based on the study of extensive documentary...
EASEL ART
A type of fine art that combines works independent meaning, not associated with any artistic ensemble or utilitarian functions, was called easel art. This is, first of all, painting, which was created not on the walls and ceilings of buildings, but separately, on a machine (easel); it was not part of architecture, but played an independent role. Then the name “easel art” spread to other types fine arts, excluded from architectural ensemble and intended for independent artistic knowledge of the world.
Easel art arose during the Renaissance. Selected examples works of this kind in more early eras(for example, Tanagra figurines of the 3rd century BC) are an exception. Portrait, battle, mythological and other genres initially developed within the framework of this art. Having received intensive development with the invention oil painting, easel art soon acquired artistic culture lead role. Free from attachment to a specific environment and from design tasks objective world, it is directly intended for artistic learning and deep impact on all sides human soul. Therefore, he is characterized by a subtle, psychologically multifaceted characterization of images, rich nuances, variety of colors and principles of form construction, lyrical expressiveness and flexibility of artistic language. Easel art is most directly connected with nature, with nature, with a direct image of reality. Other types of visual creativity seem to draw strength from it, rely on it. Whatever field the artist works in - whether he is a monumentalist, applied artist, designer or theater decorator, he must first of all be an artist as such, that is, have professional skills in realistic depiction (drawing, painting, composition), which are precisely are being developed in this area visual arts. The artistic potential of easel art is inexhaustible; all the fullness is available to it. visible world, all the diversity of reality, the subtlest movements of the human soul, wealth inner world and the bottomless depths of the Universe. It can combine global generalizations with the finest psychological nuances.
Easel art has expanded its boundaries and possibilities artistic image. Only on its soil were they able to develop various genres and modern artistic and expressive means emerged.
a term that denotes works of painting, sculpture and graphics that have an independent character and (unlike, for example, works of monumental art (See Monumental Art) or book illustration (See Illustration)) not intended directly for any construction or publication etc. The ideological and artistic expressiveness of S. and. does not change depending on the place where they are located. The term "S. And." comes from the “machine” on which works of art are created; in painting, for example, it is an Easel. Wide development of S. and. received from the Renaissance and especially in the 19th century.
- - specialized bookstore No. 3. Since 1957 on Nevsky Prospekt, 16. It sells books on art and fine art products, and also has a reference and bibliographic department and a “Book by mail” department...
St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)
- - special shape social consciousness associated with a person’s aesthetic reflection of reality. - This specific activity to create works of art...
Human ecology. Conceptual and terminological dictionary
- - the first monuments of art discovered on the territory of Russia - figurines of people and animals made of clay, wood and horn, various examples of engraving on bone and stone - go back to the Upper Paleolithic...
Russian Encyclopedia
- - . According to ancient views, which received the clearest expression from Aristotle, I. “appears. . . when, on the basis of thoughts acquired through experience, one is formed general view for similar items. . "...
Dictionary of Antiquity
- - ART. The root of the word art is experience, trial, attempt, test, recognition; skilled - having achieved skill or knowledge through many experiences...
Dictionary literary terms
- - a special form of social consciousness and human activity, organically combining artistic knowledge life and creativity according to the laws of beauty...
Terminological dictionary-thesaurus in literary studies
- - “Art”, monthly illustrated magazine, organ of the USSR Ministry of Culture, USSR Union of Artists and USSR Academy of Arts. Published in Moscow since 1933...
- - monthly illustrated magazine, organ of the USSR Ministry of Culture, USSR Union of Artists and USSR Academy of Arts. Published in Moscow since 1933...
Art encyclopedia
- - a form of culture associated with the subject’s ability to be aesthetic. mastering the life world, its reproduction in figurative and symbolic. key when relying on creative resources. imagination. Aesthetic...
Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies
-
Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies
- - see Craft see Witchcraft, sorcerers, magicians, occultists...
Brockhaus Biblical Encyclopedia
- - a type of fine arts, the works of which are independent in nature and do not have a direct utilitarian or decorative purpose...
Modern encyclopedia
- - a term that denotes works of painting, sculpture and graphics that have an independent character and or book illustration) not intended directly for any structure,...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- - an abbreviated designation for the entire range of types of fine art...
- - a type of fine arts, the works of which are independent in nature and do not have a direct decorative or utilitarian purpose...
Large encyclopedic dictionary
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From the book Results No. 11 (2013) author's Itogi MagazineEasel painting is a technique where paint is applied to a movable surface in order to create an independent painting. The name of this type comes from the word “loom,” which is most often an artist’s easel. Today easel painting is the most widespread art.
Thanks to the mobility of the works, the paintings became accessible to a wide audience. Also, thanks to the ability to move the canvases, restoration is greatly facilitated easel painting, especially in comparison with works of monumental art.
Types of painting
Painting is one of the most ancient ways of self-expression and conveying one’s own vision of reality. She teaches how to portray the world with the help of visual images, techniques and techniques that make up the language of fine art. It has been created and developed by artists and theorists over thousands of years, and today it allows modern painters to create their own “narrative.”
Traditionally distinguished following types painting:
- Decorative - created to decorate surfaces and objects that serve another purpose. This painting is used in the interior, on furniture, accessories, clothing, etc.
- Theater - creating scenery and costumes for productions.
- Monumental - performed on fixed surfaces of buildings, both facade and interior. This is the most ancient type art, traditionally called fresco. Also to monumental painting include mosaics, stained glass and panels.
- Easel art exists regardless of where it was created. This is the most widespread, developed and genre-rich type of painting.
Definition and characteristics of easel painting
An easel work is an independent object of art. It can move in space and even cross state borders. That's what it is main characteristic easel painting is that it should not be tied to the place of creation.
A painting is the subject and result of such art. Today there is no unanimous opinion about which techniques and materials are considered to be easel painting and which are considered graphics. We will adhere to the opinion that easel painting is the application of any type of paint to any movable surface, regardless of material and size. Thus, works created in watercolor, gouache and even pastel are examples of this technique.
Story
The history of easel painting began with the use of stone slabs and wooden panels. The works that laid the foundation modern understanding such art - icons. The oldest non-stationary image of Christ dates back to the 6th century and was made on a wooden panel covered with specially treated fabric.
The first paintings on wood were carried religious character, but at the same time they were not icons. The innovator of easel painting was the representative of the Proto-Renaissance era, Giotto di Bondone. He created several works - all of them were done in tempera on thin poplar wood panels covered with canvas treated with a mixture of plaster and animal glue. This technology was used to create icons in Byzantium.
Types of easel painting
Depending on the materials used to create the painting, easel painting is divided into several types:
- Based on the type of surface, paintings are distinguished on canvas, cardboard, paper, wood, silk, parchment, metal panels and stone. Almost any movable surface that does not perform any additional functions is suitable as a basis for an easel painting.
- Depending on the paints used, easel painting can be oil, watercolor, tempera, acrylic and pastel. Less commonly used are compositions such as gouache and ink.
In addition, easel painting allows the use of a number of auxiliary materials, such as brushes, sponges, rollers, cardboard strips, palette knives and aerosol cans.
Features of the performance technique
With the development of art, the technology of easel painting has also changed. Modern world expands access to knowledge and materials, providing fertile ground for experimentation and the search for new opportunities. Today, easel paintings can be created using stencils and patterns. Colors are extracted from new materials and pigments. It’s hard not to get lost in such a whirlpool of funds and resources.
However, oil paintings, as well as easel tempera painting, have gone through centuries of development. That is why today there is a traditional, or academic, technique of easel painting, which involves following a number of rules and traditions. Oil paints are the most popular due to their ease of application and ability to retain colors for a long time. Tempera, in turn, is more complex. Technique for creating easel tempera painting has a number of specific rules - for example, darkening the tone of the pigment is best achieved by shading or applying one layer to another.
Genres of easel painting
The genre richness of easel painting is due to its mobility. After all, it is easier to move an easel into the forest than trees indoors. Thus, easel painting expands the possibilities for painting canvases from life. This is especially important for genres such as landscape, portrait and still life.
Among those who provided greatest influence on the formation and development of easel painting it is necessary to highlight religious and mythological genres, as well as historical, portrait and subject. For modern easel painting special meaning have a portrait, landscape and still life.
Portrait
This genre is very dynamic, sometimes its boundaries blur and merge with genres such as mythological, allegorical and religious. The essence of a portrait is to use artistic means depict on canvas a person with his characteristic forms, facial features and character traits.
In easel painting appearance model, its tangible and visible characteristics merge with the internal features that characterize it. All this is directly dependent on the author’s perception, as well as the artist’s connection with the model and the portrait.
Scenery
Works made in this genre depict nature. Like portraits, landscapes often blur the boundaries of strict genre definitions and characteristics. Probably due to the fact that for many centuries it was used only as a filler of space in the picture, now that it independent genre, it is still used to create backgrounds in works of other genres.
The landscape depicts nature in several of its guises - untouched by man, transformed by man and interacting with him. Among the subgenres it is worth noting sea, city and rural landscapes.
Still life
From French this name is translated as “dead nature”. This genre of easel painting focuses on the depiction of inanimate objects. As an independent technique, still life took shape in the 17th century thanks to the efforts of Northern European masters. During the Renaissance it was popular in decorative painting and often became a decoration for furniture and dishes.
Other popular genres of easel painting include everyday life, illustration, allegory and animal painting.
